NUMBERS, FACTS AND TRENDS SHAPING THE WORLD FOR RELEASE DECEMBER 8, 2014 FOR FURTHER INFORMATION ON THIS REPORT:

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1 NUMBERS, FACTS AND TRENDS SHAPING THE WORLD FOR RELEASE DECEMBER 8, 2014 FOR FURTHER INFORMATION ON THIS REPORT: Carroll Doherty, Director of Political Research Seth Motel, Research Analyst Rachel Weisel, Communications Associate

2 1 The public has very different reactions to the recent grand jury decisions in two policerelated deaths that have sparked protests in cities across the country. By 50% to 37%, Americans say a grand jury made the right decision not to charge former Ferguson, Mo., police officer Darren Wilson in the death of Michael Brown. By contrast, a majority (57%) says a grand jury in New York City made the wrong decision in not charging a police officer in the death of Eric Garner. Just 22% viewed that as the right decision. Decisions in Brown, Garner Cases Viewed Very Differently Grand jury decisions not to charge police officers in Michael Brown/Eric Garner cases Right decision Wrong decision Don't know Brown case 50% 37% 13% The latest national survey by the Pew Research Center and USA TODAY, conducted Dec. 3-7 among 1,507 adults, finds that race is not widely viewed as being a major factor in either decision. About a quarter (27%) say race was a major factor in the Brown decision, and 16% say it was a minor factor; about half (48%) say it was not a factor at all in the ruling. In the Garner case, 28% say race was a major factor, 16% say it was a minor factor, while 39% say it was Garner case Brown case Garner case 22 27% 28 16% % Major factor Minor factor Not a factor at all DK not a factor; 17% express no opinion about the impact of race in the Garner decision, which was announced Dec. 3. (Questions about the Garner decision were asked Dec. 4-7.) Race was in decisions not to charge police officers in Michael Brown/Eric Garner deaths 17 9% Survey conducted Dec. 3-7, (Garner questions asked Dec 4-7, 2014.) Figures may not add to 100% because of rounding. /USA TODAY

3 2 Blacks and whites have starkly different views of the decisions in the Michael Brown and Eric Garner cases, and blacks are far more likely than whites to say that race was a major factor in both rulings. Fully 80% of blacks say the grand jury made the wrong decision in not charging Wilson in Brown s death; 90% say the grand jury erred in not bringing charges against a police officer in Garner s death. By a wide margin (64% to 23%), whites say the grand jury made the right decision in Brown s death. However, just 28% of whites say the grand jury made the right decision in not charging a police officer in Garner s death; nearly half (47%) say the grand jury made the wrong decision. A quarter of whites (25%) express no opinion about the Garner White Black White Black Major factor Minor factor Not a factor at all Don't know 17% 9% 7% 60% 10% decision, compared with just 8% of blacks. Huge Racial Disparity in Views of Ferguson Ruling, More Agreement in Views of Garner Decision % who say grand jury s decision not to charge was... Darren Wilson in death of Ferguson teen Michael Brown Wrong decision 16% 64% 17% Police officer in death of NYC man Eric Garner Right decision Blacks More Likely to Say Race a Factor in Both Cases % who say race was in the grand jury s decision not to charge... Ferguson case Ferguson case Among whites Among blacks 18% 18% 11% 90 48% 9% 47 18% 62% 2 New York City case New York City case 28 16% Survey conducted Dec. 3-7, (Garner questions asked Dec 4-7, 2014.) Whites and blacks include only those who are not Hispanic. Figures may not add to 100% because of rounding. /USA TODAY

4 3 Most blacks say race was a major factor in the Brown (64%) and Garner decisions (62%). Among whites, just 16% say race played a major role in the decision not to charge Darren Wilson, and 18% say it was a major factor in the Garner decision. Few Blacks or Whites See Relations Between Police, Minorities Improving Over the next year, police-minority relations will Get better Stay about the same Get worse Total 21% 42% 35% Beyond the racial divisions in immediate reactions to the grand jury decisions, blacks and whites also diverge in opinions about future relations between local police forces and minorities in communities around the country. About half of blacks (52%) expect relations between local police and minorities to get worse over the next year, while just 16% see relations improving; White Black Hispanic 31% expect them to stay about the same. Among whites, 34% say relations will worsen, while 43% expect them to stay about the same Survey conducted Dec. 3-7, Don t know responses not shown. Whites and blacks include only non-hispanics; Hispanics are of any race. /USA TODAY

5 4 Previous Pew Research center surveys have found that, even before the deaths of Brown and Garner at the hands of the police, blacks expressed far less confidence than whites in local police forces to treat blacks and whites equally. Bipartisan Support for More Body Cameras on Police Officers More police officers wearing body cameras to record interactions would be (%) Total Bad idea 10 Good idea 87 There is broad support across racial groups and among members of both political parties for the idea of police officers being outfitted with body cameras to record their encounters with people. Fully 87%, including 90% of blacks and 85% of whites, think it is a good idea for police to wear body cameras. The survey also finds that Barack Obama s job rating for handling race relations has declined since August, shortly after Michael Brown s death in Ferguson. Currently, 40% approve of Obama s handling of race relations, while 50% disapprove. In August, 48% approved of his handling of race relations, and 42% disapproved. White Black Hispanic Republican Democrat Independent 11 Survey conducted Dec. 3-7, Don t know responses not shown. Whites and blacks include only non-hispanics; Hispanics are of any race. /USA TODAY

6 5 In addition to the racial gaps in opinions about the decisions of grand juries in Missouri and New York, there also are substantial partisan differences. Republicans and Democrats disagree about both outcomes. Republicans widely support the Ferguson grand jury s decision (76% right vs. 12% wrong), while most Democrats say it was wrong not to charge Wilson (60% wrong vs. 27% right decision). There is less support for the decision in the Garner case Wide Partisan, Age Divisions in Grand Jury Opinions In not charging [Darren Wilson in Ferguson shooting of Michael Brown/Police officer in N.Y. shooting of Eric Garner], did grand jury make among both Republicans and Democrats. Still, more Republicans say the New York City grand jury s decision was right than wrong (42% vs. 31%). Just 12% of Democrats say it was the right decision and 77% think it was wrong. Michael Brown case (Ferguson) Eric Garner case (N.Y.) Right decision Wrong decision Right decision Wrong decision % % % % Total White Black Hispanic Republican Independent Democrat Survey conducted Dec. 3-7, (Garner questions asked Dec 4-7, 2014.) Don t know responses not shown. Whites and blacks include only non-hispanics; Hispanics are of any race. /USA TODAY Among Democrats and Democratic leaners, blacks are more likely than whites to view the grand jury in the Ferguson case as wrong. Fully 85% of black Democrats and Democratic leaners say the jury made the wrong decision in Michael Brown s death, compared with 40% of white Democrats. In reactions to both decisions, younger adults are more critical than older adults. Half of those under 30 (50%) call the Ferguson decision wrong, compared with 22% of adults 65 and older. When it comes to the Garner case, about three-in-four (74%) adults under 30 say the grand jury was wrong, while 41% of those 65 and older say the same.

7 6 Opinions about whether race was a factor in the Ferguson grand jury case correlates with views of the decision. Among those who believe the grand jury was right not to charge Wilson, just 6% say race was a major factor, 12% say it was a minor factor and 80% say it was not a factor at all. By contrast, 62% of people who say the Ferguson grand jury was wrong think that race was a major factor in the decision. Those who view the decision in Garner s death as the right one overwhelmingly say race was not a factor in the outcome (81%). Among those who oppose the decision, 45% say that race played a major role in the decision. Most Who Say Ferguson Grand Jury Was Wrong Cite Race as Major Factor In decision not to charge Darren Wilson in Michael Brown s death, race was Among those who say the grand jury made the Total Right decision Wrong decision % % % Major factor Minor factor Not a factor at all Don t know (Vol.) Survey conducted Dec. 3-7, Figures may not add to 100% because of rounding. /USA TODAY Race Less of a Factor Among Those Who Fault Decision in Garner s Death In decision not to charge a police officer in Eric Garner s death, race was... Among those who say the grand jury made the Right Wrong Total decision decision % % % Major factor Minor factor Not a factor at all Don t know (Vol.) Survey conducted Dec. 3-7, (Garner questions asked Dec 4-7, 2014.) Figures may not add to 100% because of rounding. /USA TODAY

8 7 Only about one-in-five Americans (21%) expect relations between local police and minorities to improve over the coming year. Twice as many (42%) say they will stay about the same, while 35% expect them to get worse. By about three-to-one, more blacks think police-minority relations will get worse (52%) than better (16%) over the course of the next year; 31% say they will stay about the same. Whites are more narrowly divided, with 34% saying relations will get worse, 21% better and 43% about the same. Republicans are more pessimistic than Democrats about relations between local police and minorities. Four-in-ten Republicans (40%) think that relations will get worse over the next year, and just 17% say they will improve. Among Democrats, 33% predict relations will get worse and 24% say they will get better. Few Think Police Relations with Minorities Will Get Better Will relations between local police and minorities next year Get Stay about Get better the same worse DK % % % % Total =100 Men =100 Women =100 White =100 Black =100 Hispanic = = = = =100 College grad =100 Some college =100 H.S. or less =100 Republican =100 Independent =100 Democrat =100 Survey conducted Dec. 3-7, Don t know responses not shown. Whites and blacks include only non-hispanics; Hispanics are of any race. /USA TODAY

9 8 By a margin of 50% to 40%, a greater share of the public disapproves than approves of the way Barack Obama is handling race relations. Obama s rating on this issue has dropped 8 points since an Aug survey about two weeks after Brown s death when 48% approved and 42% disapproved. Blacks approval of Obama on race relations today outweighs disapproval (57% vs. 33%), but support has dropped 16 points since August. By the opposite margin, more whites disapprove (57%) than approve (33%) of Obama s handling of race relations. There has been declining approval of Obama s handling of race relations among Obama s Job Rating on Race Relations Slips among Blacks, Democrats Approval of Obama s handling of race relations Aug Dec 3-7 Approve Disapprove Approve Disapprove % % % % both Democrats (down 12 points to 60%) and Republicans (down 10 points to 16%). Change in Approve Total Men Women White Black Hispanic College grad Some college H.S. or less Republican Conservative Rep Lib/Mod Rep Independent Democrat Cons/Mod Dem Liberal Dem Survey conducted Dec. 3-7, Don t know responses not shown. Liberal/Moderate Republicans not shown for Dec 3-7 because of insufficient sample size. Whites and blacks include only non-hispanics; Hispanics are of any race. /USA TODAY And while adults approved of Obama s performance on race relations in August by nearly two-to-one (59% to 32%), today they are roughly evenly divided (44% approve vs. 45% disapprove).

10 9 Views of Obama on race relations continue to correlate with education level. College graduates are more likely to approve of Obama on this issue (50%) than those with only some college (34%) or no college experience (37%). Majorities of Americans say they have heard a lot about the grand jury decisions not to charge Officer Darren Wilson in the shooting death of Ferguson, Missouri teen Michael Brown (75%) and a New York City police officer in the choking death of Eric Garner (52%). Across many demographic and ideological groups, the percent saying they have heard a lot about the Ferguson case is little different : 78% of whites say they have heard a lot about the case, and 76% of blacks say the same. When it comes to the case in New York City, blacks and Democrats are much more likely to say they have heard a lot about it, compared with whites and Republicans. About six-in-ten (63%) blacks say they have heard a lot about the decision not to charge a police officer in the choking death of Garner, while about half (49%) of whites say the same. More whites than blacks have heard a little about the case (36% vs. 26%, respectively), and about equal percentages have heard nothing at all (14% of whites and 11% of blacks). Blacks, Democrats Heard More About Garner Case % saying they have heard a lot about each Brown/ Ferguson Garner/ NYC % % Total White Black Hispanic White-Black Diff Republican Democrat Independent R-D Diff Survey conducted Dec. 3-7, (Garner questions asked Dec 4-7, 2014.) Whites and blacks include only those who are not Hispanic; Hispanics are of any race. /USA TODAY Democrats are 11 points more likely than Republicans to have heard a lot about the Garner case (56% vs. 45%, respectively). Among Democrats, those who consider themselves liberal are the most likely to say they heard a lot about the case: 62% of liberal Democrats said this, compared with 53% of conservative or moderate Democrats.

11 10 About the Surveys Most of the analysis in this report is based on telephone interviews conducted December 3-7, 2014 among a national sample of 1,507 adults, 18 years of age or older, living in all 50 U.S. states and the District of Columbia (605 respondents were interviewed on a landline telephone, and 902 were interviewed on a cell phone, including 513 who had no landline telephone). The survey was conducted by interviewers at Princeton Data Source under the direction of Princeton Survey Research Associates International. A combination of landline and cell phone random digit dial samples were used; both samples were provided by Survey Sampling International. Interviews were conducted in English and Spanish. Respondents in the landline sample were selected by randomly asking for the youngest adult male or female who is now at home. Interviews in the cell sample were conducted with the person who answered the phone, if that person was an adult 18 years of age or older. For detailed information about our survey methodology, see The combined landline and cell phone sample are weighted using an iterative technique that matches gender, age, education, race, Hispanic origin and nativity and region to parameters from the 2012 Census Bureau's American Community Survey and population density to parameters from the Decennial Census. The sample also is weighted to match current patterns of telephone status (landline only, cell phone only, or both landline and cell phone), based on extrapolations from the 2013 National Health Interview Survey. The weighting procedure also accounts for the fact that respondents with both landline and cell phones have a greater probability of being included in the combined sample and adjusts for household size among respondents with a landline phone. Sampling errors and statistical tests of significance take into account the effect of weighting.

12 11 The following table shows the unweighted sample sizes and the error attributable to sampling that would be expected at the 95% level of confidence for different groups in the survey: Group Unweighted sample size Plus or minus Total sample 1, percentage points December 4-7, 2014* 1, percentage points Republican percentage points December 4-7, percentage points Democrat percentage points December 4-7, percentage points Independent percentage points December 4-7, percentage points White non-hispanic 1, percentage points December 4-7, percentage points Black non-hispanic percentage points December 4-7, percentage points Hispanic percentage points December 4-7, percentage points *Questions 77a-77c were asked December 4-7, Some of the analysis in this report is based on telephone interviews conducted December 4-7, 2014 among a national sample of 1,001 adults, 18 years of age or older, living in the continental United States (501 respondents were interviewed on a landline telephone, and 500 were interviewed on a cell phone, including 289 who had no landline telephone). The survey was conducted by interviewers at SSI under the direction of Princeton Survey Research Associates International. A combination of landline and cell phone random digit dial samples were used; both samples were provided by Survey Sampling International. Interviews were conducted in English and Spanish. Respondents in the landline sample were selected by randomly asking for the youngest adult male or female who is now at home. Interviews in the cell sample were conducted with the person who answered the phone, if that person was an adult 18 years of age or older. For detailed information about our survey methodology, see

13 12 The combined landline and cell phone sample are weighted using an iterative technique that matches gender, age, education, race, Hispanic origin and region to parameters from the 2012 Census Bureau's American Community Survey and population density to parameters from the Decennial Census. The sample also is weighted to match current patterns of telephone status (landline only, cell phone only, or both landline and cell phone), based on extrapolations from the 2013 National Health Interview Survey. The weighting procedure also accounts for the fact that respondents with both landline and cell phones have a greater probability of being included in the combined sample and adjusts for household size among respondents with a landline phone. Sampling errors and statistical tests of significance take into account the effect of weighting. The following table shows the unweighted sample sizes and the error attributable to sampling that would be expected at the 95% level of confidence for different groups in the survey: Unweighted Group sample size Plus or minus Total sample 1, percentage points Republican percentage points Democrat percentage points Independent percentage points Sample sizes and sampling errors for other subgroups are available upon request. In addition to sampling error, one should bear in mind that question wording and practical difficulties in conducting surveys can introduce error or bias into the findings of opinion polls. Pew Research Center, 2014

14 13 /USA TODAY DECEMBER 2014 POLITICAL SURVEY FINAL TOPLINE DECEMBER 3-7, 2014 N=1,507 QUESTIONS 1-7F2, 12a HELD FOR FUTURE RELEASE NO QUESTIONS 3-4, 8-11 ASK ALL: Now thinking about how Barack Obama is handling some issues Q.12 Do you approve or disapprove of the way Barack Obama is handling [INSERT ITEM, RANDOMIZE; OBSERVE FORM SPLITS]? How about [NEXT ITEM]? [REPEAT INTRODUCTION AS NECESSARY] (VOL.) Approve Disapprove DK/Ref b. Race relations Dec 3-7, 2014 (U) Aug 20-24, 2014 (U) QUESTIONS 12cF1-12hF2 HELD FOR FUTURE RELEASE NO QUESTIONS ASK ALL: Q.17 Thinking about police officers around the country, do you think it would be a good idea or a bad idea for more police officers to wear body cameras that would record their interactions? (U) Dec Good idea 10 Bad idea 4 Don t know/refused (VOL.) QUESTIONS 18-21, 24, 30a-31, 36-38b, 40, 45-46, 53-55, 61a-66a, 70 HELD FOR FUTURE RELEASE NO QUESTIONS 22-23,25-29, 32-35, 39, 41-44, 47-52, 56-60, 62-65, 67-69, RANDOMIZE Q.74-Q.76 BLOCK WITH Q.77a-Q.77c BLOCK ASK ALL: Q.74 How much, if anything, have you read or heard about the decision by a grand jury not to charge Officer Darren Wilson in the shooting death of Ferguson, Missouri teen Michael Brown? Have you heard [READ] (U) Dec A lot 19 A little 6 Nothing at all * Don t know/refused (VOL.)

15 14 RANDOMIZE Q.74-Q.76 BLOCK WITH Q.77a-Q.77c BLOCK ASK ALL: Q.75 All things considered, do you think the grand jury made the right decision or the wrong decision not to charge Darren Wilson in the death of Michael Brown? (U) Dec Right decision 37 Wrong decision 13 Don t know/refused (VOL.) RANDOMIZE Q.74-Q.76 BLOCK WITH Q.77a-Q.77c BLOCK ASK ALL: Q.76 Do you think that race was a major factor, a minor factor or not a factor at all in the decision not to charge Darren Wilson in the death of Michael Brown? (U) Dec Major factor 16 Minor factor 48 Not a factor at all 9 Don t know/refused (VOL.) RANDOMIZE Q.74-Q.76 BLOCK WITH Q.77a-Q.77c BLOCK ASK ALL: Q.77a How much, if anything, have you read or heard about the decision by a grand jury not to charge a police officer in the choking death of New York City man Eric Garner? Have you heard [READ] (U) Dec A lot 33 A little 15 Nothing at all 1 Don t know/refused (VOL.) RANDOMIZE Q.74-Q.76 BLOCK WITH Q.77a-Q.77c BLOCK ASK ALL: Q.77b All things considered, do you think the grand jury made the right decision or the wrong decision not to charge a police officer in the death of Eric Garner? (U) Dec Right decision 57 Wrong decision 20 Don t know/refused (VOL.) 1 Questions 77a-c asked December 4-7, N=1,114.

16 15 RANDOMIZE Q.74-Q.76 BLOCK WITH Q.77a-Q.77c BLOCK ASK ALL: Q.77c Do you think that race was a major factor, a minor factor or not a factor at all in the decision not to charge a police officer in the death of Eric Garner? (U) Dec Major factor 16 Minor factor 39 Not a factor at all 17 Don t know/refused (VOL.) ASK ALL: Q.78 Over the course of the next year, do you think relations between local police forces and minorities in communities around the country will get better, get worse, or stay about the same? (U) Dec Get better 35 Get worse 42 Stay about the same 2 Don t know/refused (VOL.) NO QUESTIONS QUESTIONS 85a-89 HELD FOR FUTURE RELEASE ASK ALL: PARTY In politics TODAY, do you consider yourself a Republican, Democrat, or independent? ASK IF INDEP/NO PREF/OTHER/DK/REF (PARTY=3,4,5,9): PARTYLN As of today do you lean more to the Republican Party or more to the Democratic Party? (VOL.) (VOL.) No Other (VOL.) Lean Lean Republican Democrat Independent preference party DK/Ref Rep Dem Dec 3-7, Nov 6-9, * Oct 15-20, * Sep 2-9, Aug 20-24, Jul 8-14, Apr 23-27, Jan 23-Mar 16, Feb 14-23, Jan 15-19, Dec 3-8, * Yearly Totals

17 16 PARTY/PARTYLN CONTINUED... (VOL.) (VOL.) No Other (VOL.) Lean Lean Republican Democrat Independent preference party DK/Ref Rep Dem 2001 Post-Sept Pre-Sept ASK REPUBLICANS AND REPUBLICAN LEANERS ONLY (PARTY=1 OR PARTYLN=1): TEAPARTY3 From what you know, do you agree or disagree with the Tea Party movement, or don t you have an opinion either way? BASED ON REPUBLICANS AND REPUBLICAN LEANERS [N=660]: (VOL.) Not No opinion Haven t (VOL.) heard of/ Agree Disagree either way heard of Refused DK Dec 3-7, Nov 6-9, Oct 15-20, Sep 2-9, Aug 20-24, * 2 -- Jul 8-14, Apr 23-27, Jan 23-Mar 16, Feb 14-23, Jan 15-19, * -- Dec 3-8, Oct 30-Nov 6, Oct 9-13, Sep 4-8, Jul 17-21, Jun 12-16, May 23-26, May 1-5, Mar 13-17, Feb 13-18, Feb 14-17, Jan 9-13, Dec 5-9, * -- Oct 31-Nov 3, 2012 (RVs) Oct 4-7, Sep 12-16, Jun 28-Jul 9, Jun 7-17, May 9-Jun 3, Apr 4-15, Mar 7-11, Feb 8-12, Jan 11-16,

18 17 TEAPARTY3 CONTINUED (VOL.) Not No opinion Haven t (VOL.) heard of/ Agree Disagree either way heard of Refused DK Jan 4-8, Dec 7-11, Nov 9-14, * 1 -- Nov 9-14, * 1 -- Sep 22-Oct 4, Aug 17-21, * 1 -- Jul 20-24, * 1 -- Jun 15-19, May 25-30, Mar 30-Apr 3, * 1 -- Mar 8-14, * -- Feb 22-Mar 1, Feb 2-7, Jan 5-9, Dec 1-5, Nov 4-7, Oct 27-30, 2010 (RVs) Oct 13-18, 2010 (RVs) Aug 25-Sep 6, 2010 (RVs) * 9 Jul 21-Aug 5, Jun 16-20, * 19 May 20-23, Mar 11-21, Key to Pew Research trends noted in the topline: (U) Pew Research Center/USA Today polls 2 In the February 2-7, 2011, survey and before, question read do you strongly agree, agree, disagree or strongly disagree with the Tea Party movement In October 2010 and earlier, question was asked only of those who had heard or read a lot or a little about the Tea Party. In May 2010 through October 2010, it was described as: the Tea Party movement that has been involved in campaigns and protests in the U.S. over the past year. In March 2010 it was described as the Tea Party protests that have taken place in the U.S. over the past year.

19 18 December 4-7, 2014 OMNIBUS FINAL TOPLINE N=1,001 ASK ALL: PEW.1 As I read a list of some stories covered by news organizations this past week, please tell me if you happened to follow each news story very, fairly, not too, or not at all. First, [INSERT ITEM; RANDOMIZE] [IF NECESSARY Did you follow [ITEM] very, fairly, not too or not at all? ] Very Fairly Not too Not at all a. Reactions following a grand jury decision not to charge a police officer in the death of Michael Brown in Ferguson, Missouri December 4-7, TRENDS FOR COMPARISON: November 20-23, 2014: Developments in Ferguson, Missouri in the shooting death of Michael Brown August 14-17, 2014: The police shooting of an African American teen and protests in Ferguson, Missouri July 11-14, 2013: The trial of George Zimmerman for the shooting death of Florida teen Trayvon Martin June 27-30, June 13-16, April 26-29, 2012: Developments in the case against George Zimmerman in the shooting death of Trayvon Martin April 20-22, April 12-15, 2012: George Zimmerman being charged with second-degree murder in the death of Trayvon Martin April 5-8, 2012: Controversy over the shooting death of Trayvon Martin, an African American teen in Florida * March 29-April 1, * March 22-25, July 31-August 3, 2009: Reports about the arrest of Harvard professor Henry Louis Gates and President Obama s response to the incident July 24-27, 2009: The arrest of Henry Louis Gates, a black Harvard professor, at his home after a dispute with a police officer April 25-28, 2008: The acquittal of three New York City police officers in the shooting of an unarmed man on his wedding day April 2001: Rioting in Cincinnati after an unarmed black man was shot by police July 2000: The video showing Philadelphia police kicking and beating a carjacking suspect March 2000: The acquittal of four New York policemen who shot and killed Amadou Diallo, an African immigrant (VOL.) DK/Ref

20 PEW.1 CONTINUED 19 Very Fairly Not too Not at all (VOL.) DK/Ref February 1999: The Texas murder trial of a man accused of dragging a black man behind a pickup truck May 1993: The Rodney King trial and verdict in Los Angeles * May 1992: The verdict in the Rodney King case and the riots and disturbances that followed March 1991: The videotaped beating by Los Angeles police of a suspect they apprehended in an auto chase b. Debate over immigration policy in the U.S. December 4-7, TRENDS FOR COMPARISON: November 20-23, 2014: Barack Obama s policy to allow certain immigrants in the U.S. illegally to remain here January 30-February 2, 2014: Debate over immigration policy in the U.S July 11-14, * June 27-30, 2013: The U.S. Senate passing immigration reform legislation * June 20-23, 2013: Debate over immigration policy in the U.S June 13-16, June 6-9, May 23-26, May 9-12, April 25-28, * April 18-21, April 4-7, * January 31-February 3, 2013: Debate in Washington over immigration policy June 28-July 1, 2012: The Supreme Court decision on Arizona s immigration law April 26-29, 2012: The issue of immigration May 12-15, September 2-6, August 12-15, July 29-August 1, 2010: A court ruling that stops most of Arizona s immigration law from going into effect July 8-11, 2010: The U.S. Justice Department challenging the legality of Arizona s recent immigration law July 1-5, 2010: The issue of immigration May 7-10, 2010: A new Arizona law that gives police more authority to question people they suspect might be illegal immigrants April 30-May 3, * October 12-15, 2007: The issue of immigration * June 29-July 2, 2007: The debate in Congress over new immigration policy * June 22-25, * June 15-18, * June 8-11,

21 20 PEW.1 CONTINUED Very Fairly Not too Not at all (VOL.) DK/Ref May 24-27, April 12-16, 2007: The issue of immigration * August, June, May, April, December, 1994: Passage of Proposition 187, the California law that bars education, health and welfare benefits from illegal immigrants and their children * c. Reports about the condition of the U.S. economy December 4-7, November 6-9, October 16-19, September 25-28, July 31-August 3, June 5-8, March 20-23, March 6-9, February 27-March 2, February 6-9, January 30-February 2, * January 9-12, January 2-5, December 12-15, November 14-17, * October 31-November 3, * October 17-20, * October 3-6, September 25-29, * September 19-22, September 12-15, * August 1-4, July 18-21, June 20-23, June 13-16, * June 6-9, * May 16-19, * May 9-12, March 28-31, March 7-10, * January 31-February 3, January 17-20, * January 3-6, SEE TREND FOR PREVIOUS YEARS: d. Reports about the Islamic militant group in Iraq and Syria, known as ISIS December 4-7, November 20-23, TRENDS FOR COMPARISON: October 16-19, 2014: U.S. airstrikes against ISIS and other Islamic militant groups in Iraq and Syria October 2-5,

22 PEW.1 CONTINUED 21 Very Fairly Not too Not at all (VOL.) DK/Ref September 25-28, 2014: U.S. airstrikes against ISIS and other Islamic militant groups in the Middle East September 11-14, 2014: Reports about the Islamic militant group in Iraq and Syria, known as ISIS * August 14-17, 2014: U.S. airstrikes against an Islamic militant group in Iraq June 26-29, 2014: Growing violence and political instability in Iraq December 15-18, 2011: The complete withdrawal of U.S. forces from Iraq October 21-23, 2011: President Obama announcing a complete withdrawal of U.S. forces from Iraq by the end of December 16-19, 2010: The current situation and events in Iraq * September 2-6, 2010: The withdrawal of U.S. combat troops from Iraq * August 26-29, 2010: The current situation and events in Iraq August 19-22, 2010: The withdrawal of U.S. combat troops from Iraq August 5-8, 2010: The current situation and events in Iraq May 13-16, March 12-15, * March 5-8, * January 29-February 1, * January 15-18, * October 16-19, * September 11-14, * August 21-24, August 14-17, * July 2-5, 2009: U.S. troops withdrawing from Iraqi cities April 24-27, 2009: The current situation and events in Iraq * March 20-23, * February 27-March 2, 2009: Barack Obama s plan to withdraw most U.S. troops from Iraq by August December 12-15, 2008: The current situation and events in Iraq * November 21-24, November 14-17, * October 31-November 3, October 24-27, * October 10-13, * October 3-6, * September 5-8, * August 29-31, August 22-25, August 1-4, * July 25-28, * July 18-21, * July 11-14, July 3-7, * June 20-23, *

23 22 PEW.1 CONTINUED Very Fairly Not too Not at all (VOL.) DK/Ref May 9-12, May 2-5, April 25-28, April 18-21, April 11-14, April 4-7, * March 28-31, March 20-24, * March 14-17, * March 7-10, * February 29-March 3, * February 8-11, * February 1-4, * January 25-28, * January 18-21, January 11-14, * January 4-7, * December 14-17, * December 7-10, * November 23-26, November 16-19, November 9-12, November 2-5, October 26-29, October 19-22, * October 12-15, October 5-8, * September 28-October 1, * September 21-24, * September 14-17, September 7-10, * August 30-September 2, August 24-27, * August 17-20, * August 10-13, * August 3-6, * July 27-30, July 20-23, July 13-16, July 6-9, * June 29-July 2, June 22-25, June 15-18, * June 8-11, June 1-4, May 24-27, May 18-21, May 11-14, May 4-7, * April 27-30, April 20-23, * April 12-16, * April 5-9, March 30-April 2, * March 23-March 26, 2007: News about the current situation in Iraq March 16-19, * March 9-12, * March 2-5,

24 23 PEW.1 CONTINUED Very Fairly Not too Not at all (VOL.) DK/Ref February 23-26, * February 16-19, February 9-12, * February 2-5, * January 26-29, * January 19-22, January 12-15, January, January 5-8, December, * November 30-December 3, * Mid-November, * September, August, June, May, April, March, February, January, December, Early November, * Early October, * Early September, July, Mid-May, * Mid-March, February, * January, * December, Mid-October, Early September, August, July, * June, April, * Mid-March, Early February, Mid-January, * December, November, September, Mid-August, Early July, June, * May, * April 11-16, 2003: News about the war in Iraq April 2-7, March 20-24, March 13-16, 2003: Debate over the possibility that the U.S. will take military action in Iraq February, January, December, Late October, Early October,

25 PEW.1 CONTINUED 24 Very Fairly Not too Not at all (VOL.) DK/Ref Early September, 2002: Debate over the possibility that the U.S. will invade Iraq e. Reactions to a New York City grand jury s decision not to charge a police officer in the choking death of Eric Garner December 4-7, ASK ALL: PARTY In politics TODAY, do you consider yourself a Republican, Democrat, or independent? ASK IF INDEP/NO PREF/OTHER/DK/REF (PARTY=3,4,5,9): PARTYLN As of today do you lean more to the Republican Party or more to the Democratic Party? (VOL.) (VOL.) No Other (VOL.) Lean Lean Republican Democrat Independent preference party DK/Ref Rep Dem December 4-7,