New Americans in Houston

Transcription

1 New Americans in Houston A Snapshot of the Demographic and Economic Contributions of Immigrants in the Metro Area POPULATION 6.8M.6M Total population in 06 Immigrant population.% Immigrant share of the population Population growth % Immigrant population growth:.m.6m.7% Total population growth: 6.M 6.8M 0 06 Top five countries of origin: countries of origin 7.% Mexico 0.%.% Share of total population growth in Houston attributed to immigrants Mexico...0.% El Salvador...7.6% Vietnam....9% India...% Honduras....6%

2 TAX CONTRIBUTIONS & SPENDING POWER Foreign-born residents in the metro area hold significant economic power. In 06, immigrant households in Houston earned $0.9B. $9.B went to federal taxes. Immigrant households held $8.B in spending power in 06. $.B went to state and local taxes. Total GDP in the Houston metro area was $78.6B in 06. $.7B of that was contributed by foreign-born residents. This means Houston immigrants contributed 6.% of the metro area s GDP. 6+7P 6.% Foreign-born residents also support federal social programs. In 06, immigrants in the Houston metro area contributed $B to Social Security and $.B to Medicare. 7.% of immigrants in the area received Medicare or Medicaid, compared with 9.% of U.S.-born residents in 06. About % of immigrants had private healthcare coverage, while 7.% had public healthcare coverage. Immigrants 7.% Private.0% U.S.-born 9.% Public 7.%

3 LABOR FORCE Although the foreign-born made up.% of the metro area s overall population, they represented 0% of its working-age* population, 0.6% of its employed labor force, and.9% of its STEM** workers in 06. Immigrant shares of the... Population.% Working-age population Employed labor force 0.0% 0.6% * Working-age refers to people ages 6-6 years old. ** Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math. STEM workers.9% Immigrants played a critical role in several key industries in the metro area. This includes: Construction 0.% of workers were foreign born General Services 6.% Accommodation and Recreation.0% Professional Services 7.0% Manufacturing.9% Immigrants in the metro area tend to concentrate in these occupations: Maids & Housekeeping Cleaners...7% Construction Laborers...% Cooks....0% Janitors & Building Cleaners....8% Truck Drivers...7% Carpenters % Ground Maintenence Workers...% Registered Nurses....% Cashiers....% Miscellaneous Managers 8...9% occupations 7.%

4 LABOR FORCE CONT. Immigrants fill critical gaps in the workforce, allowing companies to keep jobs on U.S. soil. By 06, immigrants had helped create or preserve 7,76 local manufacturing jobs that would have otherwise vanished or moved elsewhere. 9 ENTREPRENEURSHIP In 06,.%, or,, of employed immigrants in Houston were self-employed..% Self-employed immigrants Compared to....9% Immigrant national average 8.8% U.S.-born average That year, they generated $.B in business income. Immigrants in the area were.% more likely to be entrepreneurs than their U.S.-born counterparts. +7

5 ENTREPRENEURSHIP CONT Immigrant entrepreneurs tend to own businesses in these key industries in the metro area: industries.% Construction 0.0% Professional Services.% General Services 0.% Professional Services....% General Services...0.% Construction...0.0% Healthcare...7.6% Retail Trade... 6.% In 0... African American-owned businesses in the metro area generated $.B in sales and paid 8,86 employees. Asian-owned businesses generated $6.9B in sales and paid, employees. Hispanic-owned businesses generated $.7B in sales and paid 0,700 employees. 0 8,86, 0,700 HOUSING Homes Owned.9% Homes Rented 6.% In 06,.9% of immigrant households owned their homes in the metro area. That s 9,0 homes. 6.% of immigrant households were renters. $78.B Total property value $.B Total Annual Rent 9.% of immigrant households lived in houses, while.6% lived in apartments.

6 EDUCATION BACHELOR S DEGREE OR HIGHER Among immigrants years and older ADVANCED DEGREE Among immigrants years and older 7.8% Share of immigrants in the Houston metro area who held a bachelor s degree or higher in 06 Compared to... % U.S.-born average 0% National average.% Share of immigrants in the Houston metro area who held an advanced degree in 06 Compared to....% U.S.-born average.8% National average In fall 0, there were 0,06 international students at colleges and universities in the Houston metro area. International students supported And spent, $09.9M local jobs... in the 06-7 academic year. Students under 8 who attended public schools in the area in 06: 6.8% were immigrants.% were either immigrants or children of immigrants 6

7 NATURALIZATION 9,9 Number of foreign-born residents in Houston who had naturalized as of Q 7.7% Share of foreign-born residents who had naturalized as of 06 Among the 98,8 immigrants who were not citizens....%, or 7,8, were likely eligible to naturalize. UNDOCUMENTED IMMIGRANTS 7+6P 7.% 86,7 undocumented immigrants Share of immigrant population in Houston metro area that was undocumented in 06 6.%, or 96,669, undocumented immigrants were likely to be DACA-eligible. Undocumented immigrant households in Houston earned $B in total income in 06. $7.0M went to federal taxes. This left them with $9.8B in spending power. 6 $8.M went to state and local taxes. 7

8 UNDOCUMENTED IMMIGRANTS CONT. UNDOCUMENTED IMMIGRANTS Top Countries of Origin: countries.8% Mexico.6% DACA-ELIGIBLE IMMIGRANTS Top Countries of Origin: countries 8.% Mexico 7.6% Mexico...6% El Salvador....% Honduras....9% Guatemala....9% India...7% Mexico % El Salvador...9.% Honduras...% Guatemala....9% India...% Concentrated in the Following Industries: industries.% Construction.6% Concentrated in the Following Industries: Construction....6% Accommodation & Recreation...% Professional Services...% General Services...0.9% Retail Trade...0.% industries 8.9% Construction.8% Construction....8% Accommodation & Recreation...7.% Professional Services...0% Retail Trade % General Services...7.0% 8

9 REFUGEES In 06, 8, people, or.% of the immigrant population in the area, were likely refugees. 7 Share of immigrants in Houston who were likely refugees.% Share of likely refugees who had naturalized as of % or 6,9 people Refugees in the Metro Area Work in the Following Industries: industries.% Manufacturing 7.% Education in the Refugee Community: 6.8% Share of likely refugees aged and up who held a bachelor s degree or higher Manufacturing...7.% Healthcare...0% General Services...% Retail Trade...9.% Professional Services...8.% Compare to....0% U.S.-born average 0.0% National average 9

10 For more city, district, and state-level data, visit MapTheImpact.org and explore our interactive map. Unless otherwise specified, data are estimated from the -year sample of the American Community Survey from 06 and figures refer to the Houston-The Woodlands-Sugar Land, Texas, Metropolitan Statistical Area. U.S. Congressional Budget Office. 06. The Distribution of Household Income and Federal Taxes, 0. Institute on Taxation and Economic Policy. 0. Who Pays? A Distributional Analysis of the Tax Systems in All Fifty States. These figures derive from our calculations based on immigrants share of wage income and self-employment income in the -year ACS sample from 06 and GDP statistics from the Bureau of Economic Analysis. The percentage of immigrants who had private healthcare coverage includes immigrants who had only private healthcare coverage and those who had both private and public healthcare coverage; likewise, for the percentage of immigrants who had public healthcare coverage. 6 General services include personal services (e.g. laundry services, barber shops, and repair and maintenance), religious organizations, social services, and labor unions. 7 Professional services: Most of these industries include professions that require a degree or a license, such as legal services, accounting, scientific research, consulting services, etc. 8 Miscellaneous managers include funeral service managers and postmasters and mail superintendents. 9 Vigdor, Jacob. 0. Immigration and the Revival of American Cities: From Preserving Manufacturing Jobs to Strengthening the Housing Market. New American Economy. 0 0 Survey of Business Owners, U.S. Census Bureau. Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System, National Center for Educational Statistics Economic data is derived from the International Student Economic Value Tool maintained by NAFSA, the association of international educators. U.S. Congressional Budget Office. 06. The Distribution of Household Income and Federal Taxes, 0. Estimates are based on federal tax rates from the U.S. Congressional Budget Office, and state and local tax rates from the Institute on Taxation and Economic Policy. Institute on Taxation and Economic Policy. 0. Who Pays? A Distributional Analysis of the Tax Systems in All Fifty States. 6 Gee, Lisa Christensen, Matthew Gardener, and Meg Wiehe, 06. Undocumented Immigrants State and Local Tax Contributions, The Institute on Taxation and Economic Policy. 7 New American Economy. 07. From Struggle to Resilience: The Economic Impact of Refugees in America. 0