RP456 v 2. MEKONG TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT PROJECT RESETTLEMENT ACTION PLAN Road Component

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1 Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Socialist Republic of Vietnam World Bank RP456 v 2 MEKONG TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT PROJECT RESETTLEMENT ACTION PLAN Road Component March 2007

2 APPENDIX 9A: RESETTLEMENT ACTION PLAN (RAP) Road Component TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF ACRONYMS...3 DEFINITION OF TERMS Introduction Scope of Land Acquisition and Resettlement Description of the Roads Proposed for the Phase I Road Component Land Acquisition Impacts Socio-economic information Sources of Information Demographic Features of DPs Education Land Tenure Income Sources and Incomes Living Conditions and Possessions of Assets Legal Framework and Entitlement Policy Vietnam s Laws, Decrees, and Circulars World Bank Policies Government, World Bank, and MTIDP Compensation Policy Objectives of Resettlement Displaced People (DP) Principles of Resettlement Compensation Policy for Loss of Agricultural Land Compensation Policy for Residential Land Compensation Policy for Loss of Houses/Structures Compensation for loss of Standing Crops and Trees Compensation Policy for Loss of Income and/or Business/Productive Assets Temporary Impact During Construction Compensation for Loss of Community Assets Social Assistance and Incentive Bonus Relocation Issue Institutional Arrangements Central level (MOT) Project Management Unit 1 (PMU1) Local level Provincial People s Committee (PPC) District s People Committees Ward s/commune s People Committees Agency Responsible for External Monitoring Public Participation, Consultation, and Grievance Mechanisms Objectives of Public Information and Consultation Consultation During Subprojects preparation Consultation Proposed During Implementation Grievance Redress Procedure Implementation Schedule Cost and Budget...50 Final Report March 2007 Page: 9A-1

3 10.1 Financing Flow of Fund Compensation Prices Resettlement Cost Monitoring and Evaluation Monitoring Internal Monitoring External Monitoring Methodology for Independent Monitoring Evaluation ANNEX A: ENTITLEMENT MATRIX...57 ANNEX B: RESETTLEMENT AND LAND ACQUISITION IMPACTS IN DETAIL...61 Final Report March 2007 Page: 9A-2

4 LIST OF ACRONYMS DMS DP DPC DRC EMA EMDP GOV GSO ha HH HHH IDA IMO IWW IOL IPDP MOF MOT MPI MTIDP OD OP PAP PDOT PIB Detailed Measurement Survey Displaced Person (or Project Affected Person, PAP) District s People's Committee District Resettlement Committee External Monitoring Agency (or Independent Monitoring Organization, IMO) Ethnic Minority Development Plan (or Indigenous Peoples Development Plan, IPDP) Government of Vietnam General Statistics Office Hectare Household Household Head International Development Association Independent Monitoring Organization (or External Monitoring Agency, EMA) Inland Waterway Inventory of Losses Indigenous Peoples Development Plan ( or Ethnic Minority Development Plan, EMDP) Ministry of Finance Ministry of Planning and Investment Mekong Transport Infrastructure Development Project Operational Directives Operational Policy Project Affected Person (or Displaced Person, DP) Provincial Department of Transport Public Information Booklet PMU1 Project Management Unit 1 PPC PPMU PRC PSU RAP Provincial People s Committee Provincial Project Management Unit Provincial Resettlement Committee Project Steering Unit Resettlement Action Plan (or Resettlement Plan, RP) Final Report March 2007 Page: 9A-3

5 RC ROW HHH RP RPF RS SBV USD WB W/CPC VND Resettlement Committees Right of Way Household Head Resettlement Plan (or Resettlement Action Plan, RAP) Resettlement Policy Framework Resettlement Site State Bank of Vietnam United States Dollar World Bank Ward/Commune People s Committee Vietnamese Dong Final Report March 2007 Page: 9A-4

6 DEFINITION OF TERMS Cut-of-date The date of 31 st, Displaced Persons and local communities will be informed of the cut-off date for each Project component, and that anyone moving into the Project Area after that date will not be entitled to compensation and assistance under the Project. Eligibility Replacement cost Resettlement Any person who at the cut-of-date was located within the area affected by the project, its sub-components, or other subproject parts thereof, and would: (i) have formal legal rights to land (including customary and traditional rights recognized under the laws of the country); or (ii) not have formal legal rights to land at the time the census begins but have a claim to such land or assets provided that such claims are recognized under the laws of the country or become recognized through process identified in the resettlement plan; (iii) not have legal nor recognizable by laws rights to the land they are occupying, they live or/and have properties/assets within the project areas before the cut-off date. Persons covered under (i) and (ii) are provided compensation for the land they lose and other assistance at full replacement cost. Persons covered under (iii) are provided resettlement assistance in lieu of compensation for the land they occupy, and other assistance, as necessary, to achieve the objectives set in this PF, if they occupy the project area prior to a cutoff date. Persons who encroach on the area after the cut-off date are not entitled to compensation or any other form of resettlement assistance. Is the term used to determine the amount sufficient to replace lost assets and cover transaction costs. For loses that cannot easily be valued or compensated for in monetary terms (e.g. access to public services, customers, and supplies; or to fishing, grazing, or forest areas), attempts are made to establish access to equivalent and culturally acceptable resources and earning opportunities. When domestic laws do not meet the standard of compensation at full replacement cost, compensation under domestic law is supplemented by additional measures necessary to meet the replacement cost standards. Is the general term related to land acquisition and compensation for loss of asset whether it involves actual relocation, loss of land, shelter, assets or other means of livelihood. Final Report March 2007 Page: 9A-5

7 1 Introduction 1. The Mekong Delta Region (or the Region ) accounts for 12% of Vietnam s territorial jurisdiction, but holds 21% of the country s total population and contributes 27% to country s Gross Domestic Product (GDP). 2. Most of its 17 million people are engaged in agricultural activities. The Region produces about 45% of Vietnam s agricultural products on only 31% of the country s agricultural land. More than half of the entire land area of the Region is used for rice cultivation. Known as the country s rice basket, it produces about half of Vietnam s rice and 80% of its rice exports. It also produces about 40% of the country s seafood yield and 50%-60% of its seafood exports. 3. The economy of the Mekong Delta is both growing rapidly and diversifying its products and markets. These two factors pose great challenges to the transport logistics of the Region. 4. The Region has 40,932 km of roads, i.e., 1,799 km national, 3,385 km provincial and about 35,748 km rural, roads. It has 28,000 km of criss-cross canals, of which 13,000 km is navigable, accounting for 70% of the inland waterways nationwide. It has 700 km of coast line, signifying that there is great potential for seaport development, particularly the ports in the south-western islands and Con Dao. However, these potentials could not be fully, or sufficiently, utilized to foster socioeconomic development of the Region. A number of important transport logistic bottlenecks need to be resolved, such as the following, among others: slow, sometimes expensive, farms-to-freight aggregation points transport links; poor access from some peripheral areas on provincial feeder routes from aggregation points to the trunk roads and waterways; growing congestion on the dominant trunk road, National Highway 1 and quality deficiencies on other main roads, often caused by bridge loading constraints; and lack of major northern and southern canals for high capacity barge routes. 5. To address these bottlenecks, the GOV has proposed to undertake the Mekong Transport Infrastructure Development Project (MTIDP, or the Project ) with financial assistance from the World Bank. The overall goal of the Project is to support economic development in the Mekong Delta and to reduce poverty. Specifically, it aims to improve the Mekong Delta Region s transport system using integrated and multimodal approach. Its output is aimed at relieving congestion on key roads and waterways, transferring long-term planning tool to the Government to use in improving the Delta s transport network, and ensuring that the Projects benefits will be equally distributed and thus reduce poverty. 6. The MTIDP has three main components, namely: i ii iii Investments in main supply corridors to improve the standard and connectivity of trunk road and canal networks (including major landing stages) concentrating on links in northern and southern corridors serving the two (2) cities namely, Ca Mau and Can Tho, and eleven (11) provinces namely, Long An, Tien Giang, Ben Tre, Tra Vinh, Vinh Long, Dong Thap, An Giang, Kien Gang, Hau Giang, Soc Trang and Bac Lieu, of the Mekong River Delta Region; Investments to connect the poor to the supply corridors through feeder waterways and roads at the commune and provincial levels to link poorer and more distant producer communities to the above-mentioned corridors; and Institutional support to the (MOT), specifically its: Final Report March 2007 Page: 9A-6

8 Vietnam Inland Waterways Administration (VIWA), for extension of the asset management database, and in planning of, and budgeting for, sustainable inland waterway management and maintenance programs, including management of safety function; and Provincial Departments of Transport (PDOTs) in planning multi-modal transport infrastructure and logistics services. 7. The Project Management Unit 1 (PMU1), the Project Management Unit-Waterways (PMU-W), and the Provincial Project Management Units (PPMUs) are the implementing agencies for their respective MTIDP s road and waterway components from preparation to implementation and monitoring and evaluation. 8. The Project covers the entire Mekong Delta with all 12 provinces and 1 city, namely Long An, Tien Giang, Ben Tre, Vinh Long, Tra Vinh, Dong Thap, Soc Trang, Hau Giang, Bac Lieu, Ca Mau, Kien Giang and An Giang, and Can Tho City. The results of the project FS screening have identified a short list of selected roads and waterway corridors for investment within the project proposal. It proposes to rehabilitate and/or upgrade two main waterway corridors (Northern and Southern), five National Highways (NH53, NH54, NH80, NH91 and NH61) 1 and provincial roads and feeder canals. The project Phase I investment program includes improvement and upgrading of: (i) the NH53, NH54, provincial roads DT884, DT04 and DT CN-CDV; and (ii) the Northern, or Second, Waterway Corridor (Corridor 2). This Resettlement Plan is prepared for dealing with compensation, resettlement and rehabilitation of displaced persons (DPs) impacted by the road component of the Phase I of the Project within the MTIDP, ensuring that all project DPs will be at least as well off after the project as they would have been in the absence of the Project. 2 Scope of Land Acquisition and Resettlement 2.1 Description of the Roads Proposed for the Phase I Road Component 9. NH54: National Highway 54 (NH54) subproject covers 3 districts with 12 communes/wards of Tra Vinh province. Its Investment program includes: adding lanes and upgrading to AC standards on the one-lane surface treatment sections of NH54 Sections 5-8, approximately for about 41kms, between km 85.0 and km 125.9, starting at Tra Met (Km ) and ending at Tap Son Intersection (Km ). The road links together the built-up areas at Tap Son, Tieu Can, Cau Ke and Tra Met towns. This section crosses NH60 at Tieu Can town and NH53 at Tap Son town. 10. With an expected increase in heavy transport and traffic volume, the Consultant has recommended strengthening the road s existing pavement as well as widening it to a new twolane AC road. It is proposed to have a new bypass to Cau Ke and Tieu Can towns following the Master Plan of each town. Four (4) weak bridges having the loading capacity under 18 tons are proposed to be replaced by the new ones. 11. NH53: NH53 subproject consists of two sections (NH53-3 and NH53-10), passing Phuong 8 of Tra Vinh town and Nguyet Hoa commune of Chau Thanh district (NH53-3); and Long Vinh commune (Duyen Hai district) and Dinh An and Dai An communes of Tra Cu district (NH53-10) of Tra Vinh province. The proposed works include: (i) Adding lanes and upgrading to AC standards of the two-lane surface treatment section on NH53-3 to AC Class II - 4 lane, widening on both side between km 56 and km 60.6; and (ii) Adding lanes and upgrading to ST standards of the one-lane earth section on NH53-10, between km and km to AC 1 Due to the reduction of the WB credit at the end of the project preparation stage, NH80 and NH61 were taken out of the final project component. Final Report March 2007 Page: 9A-7

9 Class IV TC60-2 lanes over earth road, and a new landing stage for ferry crossing. The widening of the NH53-10 section is mostly based on two sides of the existing road. When the road and waterway/ canal co-exist, an extended alignment to the road side will be applicable for reducing resettlement impacts. 12. The proposed technical scope of main works for the national highways to be rehabilitated/upgraded under the Phase I program are provided in the table below: Highways/attributes NH53-3: Km56 Km NH53-10 Km Km km NH54-5to8: Km 85 Km 126 Length 4.61 km 8.91 km km Highway Classification AC Class III AC Class IV AC Class IV Technical Class TC 80-2 lanes TC60-2 lanes TC60-2 lanes Formation Width (m) 17m 9 m 9 m Traveled Way Width (m) 2x3.5+2x0.5 (safety strips) 2 X X 3.0 Shoulder paved Width (m) 2x2 2 x x 1.0 Shoulder Earthen Width (m) 2x1 2 x x DT 04: Located in My Xuyen district, Soc Trang province, covering 4 communes, namely Thanh Phu, Hoa Tu 1, Hoa Tu 2, and Gia Hoa 1. The Works consists of new construction and upgrading of approximately km of road, which starts at km0+000 (Intersection connecting to NH1) and ends at km (Bac Lieu River), including replacement of existing bridges, rehabilitation of cross culverts, installation of roadside drains and other ancillary works such as road signs, guideposts, guardrails and others. Proposed scope of work for DT04 is as below: Highway Classification Class V Technical Class TC 40 (1-lane) Formation Width (m) 6.5 Traveled Way Width (m) 1 x 3.5 Shoulder paved Width (m) 2 x 1.0 Shoulder Earthen Width (m) 2 x DT884: DT 884 is located in Ben Tre, covering 5 communes of two districts, including: Tien Thuy, Quoi Thanh, and Tan Phu of Chau Thanh district, and Hoa Nghia of Cho Lach district. The Works consist of new construction and upgrading of approximately 13.71km of road, which starts at km (Second Approach of Tre Bong Bridge) and ends at km (Intersection connecting NH57, Cho Lach District), including replacement of existing bridges, rehabilitation of cross culverts, installation of roadside drains and other ancillary works like road signs, guideposts, guardrails and others. 15. DT CN-CDV: DT Cai Nuoc Vam Dinh is located in Ca Mau Province. The Works consist of new construction and upgrading of approximately 9.0 km of existing laterite road which starts at km0+000 (Intersection connecting to NH1) and ends at km (Vam Dinh Bridge), including replacement of existing bridge, rehabilitation of cross culverts, waterway slope protection works, installation of roadside drainage and other ancillary works like road signs, guideposts, guardrails and others. 2.2 Land Acquisition Impacts 16. Because the average existing foundation width of the project roads is predominantly narrower than the proposed designs, the development of them anticipates a land acquisition and resettlement impacts for: Final Report March 2007 Page: 9A-8

10 Widening of the existing roads from two-lane foundation to a four -lane one (NH53-3), or from one-lane to a two-lane (NH53-10; NH54-5-8; DT884) Development of bypass at towns, including Tieu Can and Cau Ke towns (NH54, Tra Vinh province); Thanh Phu commune (DT04, Soc Trang province) Establishment of roads Right of Way (ROW) safety areas, 2 m on each side of roads Development of temporary access roads for construction of the replaced bridges. Other temporary land acquisition during civil works. 17. During the subproject preparation, in close cooperation with respective PDOTs, extensive consultations with local authorities were held by the consultant to discuss alternative options to minimize land acquisition and resettlement impacts. The mitigation measures taken include: Giving priority to quality improvement of existing roads over road widening where feasible; Giving priority to selecting alignment to avoid relocation of people and to reduce impacts on cultural properties and ethnic communities where feasible; The method of realigning or widening the corridors toward one side to minimize relocation impacts was widely used for both roads and waterways. For example, in many different subprojects sections where the ground trips between neighbored waterways and roads are narrow, the one-side option widening the roads or the waterways have been adapted to avoid or reduce relocation and impacts on the local population and their communities. Where necessary, bypass options were considered, assessed and selected. Bypass options have been selected for NH54 and DT Regardless of the mentioned measures, it is anticipated that the proposed road development will involve certain resettlement impacts. The land acquisition for rehabilitation and widening of the road has a linear character that mostly poses marginal impacts on local population and their communities. Based on the FS technical design, a Census and Inventory of Losses (IOL) for the 4 subprojects of the Phase I was conducted by the Institute for Environment and Sustainable Development Studies during the period of December 2005 to January According to the results of the Inventory, the Phase I subprojects will: Permanently acquire about hectare (ha) of land, including: o ha of residential land o ha of garden/perennial crops land o ha of annual crop land o 3.39 ha of special use land Affect 2,840 households, of which: o 170 HHs will be severely affected due to having to relocate (7 HHs) or loss of more than 20% of their productive land (49 HHs) and having to rebuild their main house on the remaining land (114 HHs). o 33 DPs will have business and /or productive assets to be impacted, and o remaining 2,626 HHs will be marginally affected. Marginally impact 12 cultural and 43 public properties; Adversely impact 480 HHs of ethnic minorities, including 455 Khmer HHs and 25 Chinese HHs. (See Aneex Table Final Report March 2007 Page: 9A-9

11 19. Tables 1-5 below provide summarized data on the scope of land acquisition and resettlement impacts to the local population and public properties, caused by the four subprojects, NH53, NH54, DT 04; DT 884 and DT -CN-CDV, of the MTIDP s Phase I. TV Table1: Scope of permanent land acquisition of the MTIDP s Phase I NH53-3 (Km56-Km60+650) Loss of residential land Perennial crop or garden att. land Annual crop land Special use land land loss 1. Tra Vinh District Chau Thanh Subtotal NH TV NH53-10 (Km Km ) 1 District Duyen Hai District Tra Cu Subtotal NH TV NH (Km85 - Km ) 1 District Cau Ke 5,706 57,141 69,991 3, ,102 2 District Tieu Can 1,368 44,714 44,757 1,817 92,656 3 District Tra Cu 1,883 17,298 31, ,325 SUBTOTAL NH54 8, , ,259 5, ,084 BT DT884 1 District Chau Thanh 5,664 92,149 3,597 1, ,757 2 District Cho Lach 271 7, ,325 30,088 SUBTOTAL DT884 5,935 99,538 3,700 23, ,845 ST DT04 (Km0-Km 1 Distr. My Xuyen 1,513 5,905 86, ,300 SUBTOTAL DT04 1,513 5,905 86, ,300 CM DT CN-CDV 1 Cai Nuoc 0 10,723 5, ,571 2 Distr. Phu Tan 0 2,780 4, ,984 SUBTOTAL DT CN-CDV TOTAL Phase I Source: Result of Inventory of losses and socio-economic survey of affected people, conducted by the Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development Studies during Dec.,05 Jan., 06 Final Report March 2007 Page: 9A-10

12 Table 2: Summarized scope of resettlement impacts on people caused by the MTIDP s Phase I Number of DPs Of which, by level of impacts: (HHs/Collec tive units) Of Wh.: Collect. public units Of wh.: Ethnic minority DPs Relocated Rebuild main house Relocated /impacted business Losing >20% HH s holding Marginall y affected TV NH Tra Vinh Distr. Chau Thanh SUBTOTAL TV NH District Duyen Hai District Tra Cu SUBTOTAL TV NH (Km85- Km ) 1 District Cau Ke District Tieu Can District Tra Cu SUBTOTAL 1, BT DT884 Dstr.Chau Thanh Distr. Cho Lach SUBTOTAL DT ST DT04 District My Xuyen SUBTOTALDT CM CN-CDV Cai Nuoc Distr. Phu Tan SUBTOTAL CN-CDV TOTAL Phase I Roads 2, ,466 Source: Result of Inventory of losses and socio-economic survey of affected people, conducted by the Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development Studies during Dec. 05 Jan. 06. Final Report March 2007 Page: 9A-11

13 20. This Resettlement Plan (RP) has been prepared to guide implementation of project compensation activities and provision of rehabilitation assistance measures to DPs impacted by the projects components. Policies for compensation, relocation, and rehabilitation have been established based on these surveys, applying Vietnam's existing laws and regulations and the World Bank Operational Directives/Policies (as relevant): Operational Policy (OP) 4.12 on Involuntary Resettlement, Operational Directive (OD) 4.20 on Indigenous People and OP4.11 on Cultural Property. So far, there is no detailed technical information available to identify the scope of temporary land acquisition. A full and accurate scale of land acquisition and resettlement impacts of the subproject will be identified through an updated detailed measurement survey (DMS) during the implementation stage, when the detailed engineering design are completed, providing required technical information, and land marks, clearly indicating the project area, are staked on the ground. Results of the DMS will serve are the basis for updating this resettlement plan and will be the final legal basis for compensation, resettlement and rehabilitation of the Phase I subprojects DPs. 21. Following approval by WB and the Government, the updated RP will be implemented by local resettlement committees (RCs) under the guidance of the respective provincial people s committees (PPCs) and PMU1 of the MOT. Careful coordination between all the agencies and departments will be necessary to successfully complete the different resettlement activities. The provisions and policies of this RP will form the legal basis for the implementation of resettlement activities for the Phase I Subprojects. Final Report March 2007 Page: 9A-12

14 Table 5: Summarized permanent impacts on houses and/or other structures by the MTIDP s Phase I No District/commune number of DPs having house/stru cture affected Of wh.: No of DPs having business/pr oductive assets affected area affected Temporary with leaves roof Houses, of which: Temporary with tole/fibrocem ent roof Semipermanent house, 220- brick wall Permanent house Kitchen Animal sheds Eaves made of tole/fibrocement Courtyard made of brick/ or cemented Brick made fence Steel gate Graves (unit) Wells (unit) Cemented bridges (unit) TV NH Tra Vinh Distr. Chau Thanh SUBTOTAL NH TV NH District Duyen Hai District Tra Cu SUBTOTAL NH TV NH54-5-NH District Cau Ke District Tieu Can , District Tra Cu SUBTOTAL NH , , BT DT884 1 Distr. Chau Thanh ,068 2,514 3, , , Distr. Cho Lach SUBTOTAL DT ,338 2,530 3, , , ST DT 04 1 Distr. My Xuyen SUBTOTAL DT CM DT CN-CDV 1 Cai Nuoc Distr. Phu Tan SUBTOTAL DTCN-CDV TOTAL Phase I ,188 2,851 4,760 1,289 1, , Sources: as above Final Report March 2007 Page: 9A-13

15 3 Socioeconomic information 3.1 Sources of Information 22. Socioeconomic information of this RP has been taken from several sources: (i) results of IOL for 100% of affected households of the Phase I component of the MTIDP; (ii) results of socio-economic household survey of the DPs; (iii) results of formal and informal meetings and group discussions with local authorities and social groups in project impacted areas. The IOL, Census and Socio-Economic Surveys of DPs were conducted by the Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development Studies, while the consultation activities were held by the Consultant s Resettlement Specialist in cooperation with the local PPMUs and local authorities. All of these activities were carried out in the period of December 2005 to January There were specific interviews with groups of severely affected people and of ethnic minority groups to collect data on: (i) specific resettlement needs of relocating/severely affected and vulnerable groups of DPs; (ii) resettlement concerns and preferences of affected families; and (iii) measures to minimize negative impacts. 3.2 Demographic Features of DPs 23. The Mekong Delta is the region where the Khmer ethnic minority population is most concentrated. According to the Population and Housing Census Vietnam 1999 of General Statistics Office (GSO), of the total Khmer population present in Vietnam, over 97 percent is living in the Mekong Delta. They also make up the largest ethnic minority group in the Mekong Delta (six percent of the region s population). 24. Among the five MTIDP s road Subprojects of the Phase I, three (NH53, NH54 of Tra Vinh province and DT04 of Soc Trang province) have impacts on certain part of Khmer ethnic minority group: Of the total of 2,840 DPs affected by the Phase I Road Subprojects, 455 are Khmer HHs, and 25 are Chinese HHs (See Table 5). The most of the ethnic minority DPs are in Tra Vinh province. 25. According to the results of the Census and the Socioeconomic survey of DPs, 2,840 HHs with a total of 12,523 persons will be impacted by the 5 road Subprojects of Phase I. They are represented by 3 different ethnic groups, namely Kinh majority (making up 82.6% of the all impacted HHs), Khmer ethnic minority (making up 16.5% of the all impacted HHs) and Chinese, or Hoa, ethnic group (accounting for 0.9%). In the MTIDP Phase I project areas, the Khmers and Chinese live in groups, forming communities along or in proximity to the project s proposed roads. Some religious properties such as pagoda or temples are subject to marginal impacts due to loss of part of their garden land without structures built thereon. DT 884 of Ben Tre and DT CN-CDV of Ca Mau do not anticipate impacts on ethnic minorities and cultural properties. To deal with ethnic minority issues under MTIDP, an Ethnic Minority Development Plan (EMDP) has been commonly developed for the project s road and waterway components. 26. The average HH size of DPs is 4.5 persons/hh, close to the regional average (4.6 persons/hh). The predominant portion of the DPs is nuclear families, and the multi-generation families are relatively scarce. Slightly more than a half of the subproject impacted HHs have 4 or less members, HHs with 5 to 8 members per family account for more than 40 percents, and only 2.3% of the DPs have more than 8 persons in the family. 27. In general, the demographic features and age structure of the DPs tends to become more or less desirable with moderately balanced distribution between four age groups: of ages under 7, aged from 7 to 17, aged from 18 to 35 and aged from 36 to 55 (See Table 7). Children under 7 years old make up almost a fourth of the total surveyed HH members. The population Final Report March 2007 Page: 9A-14

16 aged between 18 and 35 accounts for more than one-third of the total population impacted, and the people between 36 to 55 years old make up about the one-sixth. Average age of the total members of the surveyed HHs is 26.9 for the all Phase I subprojects. It is moderately a young population. Nevertheless, this age composition still likely indicates today s reduced population growth rates compared to that existed a decade ago (See Tables 5-6). The Tables 5 to10 below and Annexes B provides more detailed demographic data on the all affected population, the surveyed HHs, and their household heads (HHHs). 28. According to the results of the Census of the DPs, females represent a larger portion of the total DPs population, accounting for 51.8% (Table 5). This ratio varies from place to place, where the most imbalanced sex ratio is observed among the affected population of the following districts: Chau Thanh (52.9%), Cho Lach (56.3%) of DT884, Ben Tre province; and Tieu Can (55.8) and Tra Cu (69.4%) of NH54. Nevertheless, the male-headed HHs make up two-thirds, or 63.4%, of the total impacted HHs, while the females head about one-third of the total HHs (Table.8 and more detailed in Annex B). 29. The average age of the HHHs is 50.6 years. The highest average is observed among the HHHs in the affected areas of NH53 (Tra Vinh province), 54.9 years, while the youngest is found among the HHHs of the affected areas of DT CN-CDV (Ca Mau province), 47.8 years. The middle-aged HHHs (between 35 and 55) account for two-thirds (60.1%) of all HHHs, while 31.1% of the HHHs are above 55 years old. (See Table 10 and more detailed in Annex B). 30. Other demographic features of the DPs of the Phase I, including ethnicity, age composition of the affected HHs and characteristics of their HHHs, including education and occupation of DPs HHHs, are presented in the Tables from 5 to 15 below. (More detailed are given in Annex B) Final Report March 2007 Page: 9A-15

17 TV Table 5: Demographic characteristics of DPs of the MTIDP s Phase I subprojects NH54 numbe r of DPs respon ded DPs population (Pers.) Aver. HH s size (pers /HH) Sex ratio of the DPs popul. Male Fem. Kinh Ethnic composition of the DPs % of Kinh Khmer % of Khmer Hoa 1. District Cau Ke 621 2, District Tieu Can 287 1, District Tra Cu SUBTOTAL NH54 1, % of Hoa TV NH Tra Vinh D. Chau Thanh SUBTOTAL NH TV NH Distr. Duyen Hai Distr. Tra Cu SUBTOTAL NH , BT DT Dstr.Chau Thanh 750 3, Distr. Cho Lach SUBTOT. DT , ST DT04 1. Distr. My Xuyen 248 1, SUBTOTAL DT , CM DT CN-CDV 1. Cai Nuoc Distr. Phu Tan SUBTOT DTCN-CDV TOTAL PHASE I 2,757 12, , Source: The same as above Final Report March 2007 Page: 9A-16

18 TV Table 6: Demographic characteristics of DPs of the MTIDP s Phase I subprojects (continued) NH54 number of DPs Distribution of the DPs (responded) by HHs size (% to the total DPs number) 4 pers/hh 5 & < 8 pers./h H >8 pers./ HH DPs population under 18 years old Aver numb per HH (pers/ HH) % to the tot. DPs populati on DPs working labors Aver. HH s labor (labor/ /HH) % of working to total HH popl. 1. District Cau Ke District Tieu Can District Tra Cu SUBTOTAL NH54 1,051 1, TV NH Tra Vinh D. Chau Thanh SUBTOTAL NH TV NH Distr. Duyen Hai Distr. Tra Cu SUBTOTAL NH BT DT Distr. Chau Thanh Distr. Cho Lach SUBTOTAL DT ST DT04 1. Distr. My Xuyen SUBTOTAL DT CM DT CN-CDV 1. Cai Nuoc Distr. Phu Tan SUBTOTAL DT CN-CDV TOTAL PHASE I 2,840 2, Source: The same as above Final Report March 2007 Page: 9A-17

19 TV Table 7: Demographic structure of HHs surveyed population, MTIDP s Phase I popul ation respo nded (pers) Sex ratio Male Fem. Age composition of the surveyed population Aver. age of surveye d pop. (years) Pop. < 7 years old Pop. from 7 to 17 Pop from 18 to 35 Pop. from 36 to 55 Pop over 55 years old NH54 1. District Cau Ke District Tieu Can District Tra Cu SUBTOTAL NH TV NH Tra Vinh Distr Chau Thanh SUBTOTAL NH TV NH Distr. Duyen Hai Distr. Tra Cu SUBTOTAL NH BT DT Distr. Chau Thanh Distr. Cho Lach SUBTOTAL DT ST DT04 1. Distr. My Xuyen SUBTOTAL DT CM DT CN-CDV 1. Cai Nuoc Distr. Phu Tan SUBTOTAL DT CN-CDV TOTAL PHASE I 1, Source: Results of sample socio-economic surveys of DPs, conducted by the IESD in January Final Report March 2007 Page: 9A-18

20 3.3 Education 31. Vietnam is recognized as one of the most successful among the developing countries in term of its achievements in compulsory education in the context of its low per capita income status. The Government has made great efforts to provide education for all. During the economic renovation period, the access to education throughout the country, including in the Mekong Delta, has been radically improved. The primary compulsory education has been achieved throughout the country, and today the basic secondary education has also become compulsory in most of the provinces of Vietnam. In this context, the Mekong Delta is not an exception, where nowadays, the illiteracy is mainly found among the aged population. Regardless of the great progress, the Mekong Delta still remains to be the region, whose overall education level is among the lowest compared to the other regions of the country. 32. According to the results of the Census of the DPs and their sample HHs socioeconomic survey, conducted by the IESD, the average schooling of the DPs HHHs is 6.1 years, and it is 6.7 years among the HHs surveyed population, with a slight variation between the affected communes and districts. The results of the survey indicate a certain relationship between education level and the average age, and location of the affected population: the younger the DPs are and/or the closer to urban centers/urbanized areas or to main road arteries the DPs are located, the higher their education levels are. 33. The Tables 8 and 9 show that more than a half of affected HHHs have primary or lower education. The illiteracy rate among them is 1.8%. Of the affected districts of the Phase I, the highest average education of the affected population surveyed is observed in the districts of the NH54 (7.6 years/person), Tra Vinh town (NH53, 7.3 years/person), My Xuyen district of DT 04, and Phu Tan district of Ca Mau s DT CN-CDV. The collected data showed that two-thirds of the illiterate HHHs are aged over 55, while there were only one case of illiterate person among the HHHs aged under 35 years old. The distribution of affected population surveyed and DPs HHHs by level of their education is shown in Table 7. The education of the surveyed population confirms the fact about the improved education status among the younger generation. (See Tables 8 and 9, and more details in Annex B). Final Report March 2007 Page: 9A-19

21 TV Table 8: Some demographic characteristics of DPs household s heads, MTIDP s Phase I NH54 number of HHHs responded (HHHs) Sex of the DPs HHH Male headed Fem.he aded Average schoolin g years (school years/p ers) Education of DPs households heads Illiterate HHH HHH having primary or lower education HHH having basic second.e ducation HHH having second. educati on. High school educ. 1. District Cau Ke District Tieu Can District Tra Cu SUBTOTAL NH TV NH Tra Vinh dist. Chau Thanh SUBTOTAL NH TV NH Distr.. Duyen Hai Distr. Tra Cu SUBTOTAL NH BT DT Dstr. Chau Thanh Distr. Cho Lach SUBTOTAL DT ST DT04 1. Distr. My Xuyen SUBTOTAL DT CM DT CN-CDV 1. Cai Nuoc Distr. Phu Tan SUBTOTAL DT CN- CDV TOTAL PHASE I 2, Source: The same as above Final Report March 2007 Page: 9A-20

22 TV Table 9: Education of the HH surveyed population, the MTIDP s Phase I subprojects NH54 surveyed populati on (pers) Averag schooli ng years (school years/p ers) Education composition of the surveyed population by Pop having primary or lower education Pop having basic second education Pop having second.edu cation. High school educ. 1. District Cau Ke District Tieu Can District Tra Cu SUBTOTAL NH TV NH Tra Vinh Distr. Chau Thanh SUBTOTAL NH TV NH Distr.. Duyen Hai Distr. Tra Cu SUBTOTAL NH BT DT Distr. Chau Thanh Distr. Cho Lach SUBTOTAL DT ST DT04 1. Distr. My Xuyen SUBTOTAL DT CM DT CN-CDV 1. Cai Nuoc Distr. Phu Tan SUBTOTAL DT CN-CDV TOTAL PHASE I 1, Source: The same as above Final Report March 2007 Page: 9A-21

23 3.4 Land Tenure 34. The Mekong Delta is one of the regions with the average highest agricultural holding (about 0.5 ha/hh) in the country. Meanwhile, it is also a region where landlessness of the farmers is most serious. In the Delta, farmers without recognized rights to the land they cultivate are hardly found. It means that almost all the affected DPs have legal or legalizable right to their affected land. Among the affected DPs, there are only few cases of temporary land use right or that the DPs use land rented on private basis. The MTIDP generally poses a linear impacts on land with an exception for the case where the bypass or new road section are anticipated. That is why it can hardly cause severe impacts on the local farmers. 35. The widespread combination between residential land and garden land and/or the custom of building house on agricultural land are also the factors that could reduce the possible risks of displacing people to a new site by the project. The results of socioeconomic survey and public consultations with affected people and other stakeholder groups confirm these conclusions. 3.5 Income Sources and Incomes 36. The Mekong Delta is one of the two main agricultural regions of Vietnam. It generates over 40% of all agricultural outputs of the country. In the Delta, agriculture, forestry, and aquaculture activities remain to be the most important source of income, providing nearly 40 percent of income on average for the local population. 37. The structure of income sources of the DPs HHHs as well as of the sample surveyed population of the MTIDP s Phase I subprojects reflect the general regional employment picture with agricultural production being predominant over all the other economic activities: on average, more than 76 % of the total affected HHHs and 37.4% of the surveyed HHs labors are engaged in agricultural sector, either growing annual crops, cultivating horticulture, breeding shrimp in the areas transformed from rice fields, raising animal husbandry, or working for hire within the sector. Commercial activities are the second main sources of income of the affected population, involving 13.0% of the DPs HHHs and 10.5% of the HHs active laborers surveyed. The state employment is the third important source of income, where 5.1% of the HHHs and 6.4% of the HHs surveyed population are engaged in. The figures in the Tables 10 and 11 below and Annex B provide the data on occupation structure of the affected population. Final Report March 2007 Page: 9A-22

24 TV Table 10: Age and occupation of the DPs household s heads, MTIDP s Phase I subprojects NH54 Age composition of the DPs HHHs Average age of DPs HHH (years) Aged under 35 Aged from 35 to 55 Aged above 55 Agricult ural Occupation of DPs HHH (% to total) Trade State employe ees Constr uct., handicr aft... Services 1. District Cau Ke Dist Tieu Can District Tra Cu SUBTOTAL NH Other s TV NH Tra Vinh Dstr.Chau Thanh SUBTOTAL NH TV NH Dstr.Duyen Hai Distr. Tra Cu SUBTOTAL NH BT DT884 1.Distr.Chau Thanh Distr. Cho Lach SUBTOTAL DT ST DT04 1. Distr. My Xuyen SUBTOTAL DT CM DT CN-CDV 1. Cai Nuoc Distr. Phu Tan SUBTOTAL DT CN- CDV TOTAL PHASE I Final Report March 2007 Page: 9A-23

25 Table 11: Occupation of the sample HHs surveyed population, MTIDP s Phase I road subprojects respo nded popul ation (pers) Occupation of HHs surveyed population (% to total surveyed) State perso nell Farmin g Hired agric ult labor Trade Servic es Worke rs, hadicr aft Pupils, stude nts House maids, old and disable TV NH54 1. District Cau Ke District Tieu Can District Tra Cu SUBTOTAL NH TV NH Tra Vinh Distr. Chau Thanh SUBTOTAL NH TV NH Distr.. Duyen Hai Distr. Tra Cu SUBTOTAL NH BT DT Distr. Chau Thanh Distr. Cho Lach SUBTOTAL DT ST DT04 1. Distr. My Xuyen SUBTOTAL DT CM DT CN-CDV 1. Cai Nuoc Distr. Phu Tan SUBTOTAL DT CN-CDV TOTAL PHASE I 1, The figures on average monthly per capita income of the surveyed population are given in Table 12 below by administrative unit. Based on the new poverty standards, it can be said that the poverty rate among the affected population is generally moderate at 20.6%, or about one-fifth for all the Phase I subprojects. It considerably varies between the affected communes. The average monthly per capita income for the 5 subprojects is 314,000 VND, about 1.5 times higher than the country s poverty line. The majority of the HHs surveyed (67.4%) fall within the average income group with per capita monthly income varying between 200,000 VND and 500,000 VND. The above-average income group accounts for 12.0% of the total surveyed population. Regardless of this, none of the surveyed HHs reported that they have savings in the last year, and 42% of them reported to be in debt with credits taken from state banks. (See Table 12, and more details are in Annex B). Final Report March 2007 Page: 9A-24

26 39. The highest poverty incidence is observed among the surveyed DPs of district Cau Ke (35%) of NH53 and Cai Nuoc (46.7%) of DT CN-CDV, followed by District Tieu Can (28%, NH53) and Cho Lach (25%, DT884). It somewhat reflects their relative locations. The high poverty incidence among the Cai Nuoc DPs could be explained by the failure of the local population in transforming rice fields into shrimp ponds, which have destroyed the local environment conditions in most cases. The development of the subproject may contribute to improving their employment situation. TV Table 12: Distribution of the surveyed HHs per capita monthly income, the MTIDP s Phase I subprojects (1000VND/pers/month) ROAD/Distr. Aver per capita month income (1000VND) Numb. of surveyed HHs Numb. of surveye d popul (pers.) < <&<500 >500 NH54 1. District Cau Ke District Tieu Can District Tra Cu SUBTOTAL NH TV NH53 1. Tra Vinh Distr. Chau Thanh SUBTOTAL NH TV NH Distr.. Duyen Hai Distr. Tra Cu SUBTOTAL NH BT DT Distr. Chau Thanh Distr. Cho Lach SUBTOTAL DT ST DT04 1. Distr. My Xuyen SUBTOTAL DT CM DT CN-CDV 1. Cai Nuoc Distr. Phu Tan SUBTOTAL DT CN-CDV TOTAL PHASE I , Source: Same as above 3.6 Living Conditions and Possessions of Assets Final Report March 2007 Page: 9A-25