World City Vision Research Report

Transcription

1 World City Vision Research Report Updated 25 October 2012

2 Table of Contents Introduction... 3 Methodology... 3 World City Vision Development Stages... 3 Traditional Definitions... 4 Traditional Criteria... 5 Economic characteristics...5 Political characteristics...5 Cultural characteristics...5 Infrastructural characteristics...6 Summary of Indexes Rankings... 7 Studies... 9 Björn Surborg - World Cities... 9 Greg Clark - The Business of Cities Indexes The Anholt-GfK Roper City Brands Index Condé Nast Traveler- Readers Choice Awards The Economist's (EIU) World's Most Livable Cities The Economist's Economist Intelligence Unit - Hot Spots, Benchmarking global city competitiveness (2012) Jones Lang LaSalle World Winning Cities Global Cities Index The Global Financial Centres Index Globalization and World Cities Research Network (GaWC) Global Power City Index Green Buzz.net - The World s Greenest Cities Green City Index US and Canada MasterCard Worldwide Insights - MasterCard Index of Global Destination Cities: Cross-Border Travel and Expenditures (Second Quarter 2011) Mercer s Quality of Living Survey Top 5 cities Worldwide Top 5 cities by Region Monocle s Liveable Cities Index PWC Cities of Opportunity Reputation Institute City RepTrak Toronto Board of Trade - Toronto as a Global City: Scorecard on Prosperity Travel + Leisure s World s Best Cities World City Survey Next Steps

3 Introduction A key initiative that had broad support during stakeholder Rethink discussions was to develop a World City Vision. Tourism Vancouver s Board of Directors responded by initiating a collaborative process to developing a broad community vision for Vancouver. Tourism requires broad community support to be optimally successful. Having a community vision that is broadly embraced and for which the tourism vision forms a natural part will help the tourism industry to be more successful. There is no set definition for a World City, rather there are many ways of defining it, traditionally it has been defined in economic terms but there are multiple factors that need to be considered, these will be presented below. There are three stages to developing a World City Vision, this report falls under the first stage, preparation. The information gathered in the first stage will be utilized for discussion by stakeholders in the second phase, process. Once there is consensus on how Vancouver will be defined as a World City, the third stage, adoption will take place. Methodology Two secondary research methods were employed to gather material for this report: 1. Utilized internet search engines to source relevant papers, articles, reports and presentations. 2. Attended presentations on the subject, with follow-up conversations with presenters. Highlights from relevant reports, papers, presentations etc. were then included in this report (refer to Studies and Indexes). The results from the various Indexes were then summarized in table format; comparing Vancouver s ranking to the top ranked cities (refer to Summary of Indexes Rankings). World City Vision Development Stages Stage 1: Preparation The first stage lays the foundation; its purpose is to gather information to form the basis for discussion by stakeholders in stage two. This report is the completion of the first stage. Stage 2: Process This stage involves bringing together stakeholders to discuss what World City Vision means and how to define it for Vancouver. Just as Vancouver s tourism industry has established a tourism vision, the industry will likely be more successful if there is a broader community vision, with broader engagement from government, other industries and the community at large. In this way, the tourism vision may be 3

4 able to ride in the slip stream of and provide support to a larger vision which may enjoy broader commitment and momentum. Considerations for Stage 2: Establishing a World City Vision The City of Vancouver could be encouraged to establish a Vancouver Future Vision Forum for creating a community vision and implementation strategy. Establishing the Metro Vancouver Vision Regional governments could be encouraged to establish a Metro Vancouver Future Vision Forum for creating a regional vision and implementation strategy. Lower Mainland Tourism Alliance (LMTA s) Role LMTA could represent the tourism industry s voice on the Metro Vancouver Future Vision Forum and should provide appropriate support. The vision must be supported by government, other industries and the community. Being cross-sectoral will enhance engagement with other industries and community groups. The tourism industry will be stronger if it s not going it alone and is part of something bigger. The ownership of the process must be bigger than the tourism industry. To be broadly embraced, it must be broadly inclusive. Vancouver needs its own community vision. Ideally, Metro Vancouver would have a regional vision that is complementary. Stage 3: Adoption The stakeholders need to come to an agreement on what defines Vancouver as a World City, and then they need to embrace it. Traditional Definitions World city may refer to: 1. World city (mega structure), the fusion of all urban areas and megalopolises into a single continuous worldwide city Global City (also called alpha city or world center) is a city generally considered to be an important node in the global economic system. The concept comes from geography and urban studies and rests on the idea that globalization can be understood as largely created, facilitated and enacted in strategic geographic locales according to a hierarchy of importance to the operation of the global system of finance and trade. The most complex of these entities is the global city, whereby the linkages binding a city have a direct and tangible effect on global affairs through socio-economic means

5 Traditional Criteria Global City or world city status is seen as beneficial, and because of this many groups have tried to classify and rank which cities are seen as world cities or non-world cities. Although there is a consensus upon leading world cities, the criteria upon which a classification is made can affect which other cities are included. The criteria for identification tend either to be based on a yardstick value ( e.g., if the producer-service sector is the largest sector, then city X is a world city ) or on an imminent determination ( if the producer-service sector of city X is greater than the producer-service sector of N other cities, then city X is a world city ) 3. Economic characteristics Headquarters for multinational corporations, international financial institutions, law firms, conglomerates, and stock exchanges that have influence over the world economy. Significant financial capacity/output: city/regional GDP. Stock market indices/market capitalization. Financial service provision; e.g. banks, accountancy. Costs of living personal wealth; e.g. number of billionaires. Political characteristics Influence on and participation in international events and world affairs; for example, Beijing, Berlin, London, Moscow, New Delhi, Paris, Tokyo, and Washington are capitals of influential nations. Hosting headquarters for international organizations such as the (World Bank), NATO, or the UN. A large population of the municipality (the centre of a metropolitan area, typically several million) or agglomeration. Diverse demographic constituencies based on various indicators: population, habitat, mobility, and urbanization. Quality of life standards or city development. Expatriate communities. Cultural characteristics International, first-name familiarity. Cities such as New York City, Tokyo, Paris and London are commonly referred to without needing to specify their country. Renowned cultural institutions (often with high endowments), such as notable museums and galleries, notable opera, major ballet companies, orchestras, notable film centres and theatre centers

6 A lively cultural scene, including film festivals (such as the Toronto International Film Festival), premieres, a thriving music scene, nightlife, an opera company, art galleries, street performers, and annual parades. Several influential media outlets with an international reach, such as the BBC, Reuters, The New York Times, or Agence France-Presse. A strong sporting community, including major sports facilities, home teams in major league sports, and the ability and historical experience to host international sporting events such as the Olympic Games, FIFA World Cup, or Grand Slam tennis events. Educational institutions; e.g. universities, international student attendance, research facilities. Sites of pilgrimage for world religions (for example, Mecca, Jerusalem or Rome). Cities containing World Heritage Sites of historical and cultural significance. Tourism throughout. City as site or subject in arts and media, television, film, video games, music, literature, magazines, articles, documentary. City as an often repeated historic reference, showcase, or symbolic actions. Infrastructural characteristics An advanced transportation system that includes several highways and/or a large mass transit network offering multiple modes of transportation (rapid transit, light rail, regional rail, ferry, or bus), for example, the London Underground. Extensive and popular mass transit systems, prominent rail usage, road vehicle usage, and major seaports. A major international airport that serves as an established hub for several international airlines, for example, London Heathrow, Atlanta, Tokyo, and Chicago O Hare. Airports with significant passenger traffic and international passengers traffic or cargo movements. An advanced communications infrastructure on which modern trans-national corporations rely, such as fiber optics, Wi-Fi networks, cellular phone services, and other high-speed lines of communications. For example, Seoul and Tokyo are known as the digital and technology capitals of the world. Health facilities; e.g. hospitals, medical laboratories. Prominent skylines/skyscrapers (for example New York, Chicago, Sydney, or Hong Kong). Cities telephone and mail services, airport flights-range, traffic congestion, availability of water, train facilities, nearby parks, hospitals, libraries, police stations, etc. 6

7 Summary of Indexes Rankings Study Top Ranked City Vancouver s Ranking The Anholt-GfK Roper City Brands Index (2009 & 2011) Paris (2009 & 2011) 19 (2009) Condé Nast Traveler (2012) Vancouver 1 The Economist s (EIU) World s Most Livable Cities (2011) Melbourne 3 The Economist s (EIU) Hot Spots, Benchmarking global city competitiveness (2012) Category: New York 18 - Physical capital Vancouver 1 (Tied with Financial maturity Zurich cities) 10 - Institutional effectiveness Zurich 7 - Social and cultural character Zurich 16 - Human capital Dublin 21 - Environment and natural hazards Montreal 19 - Global appeal London 43 - Economic Strength Tianjin Not listed in top 60 Jones Lang LaSalle World Winning Cities 2012 London 104 Global Cities Index (2010) New York City Not ranked Global Financial Centres Index (2011) Industry Sector sub-indexes: - Wealth Management/private banking Globalization and World Cities Research Network (GaWC) (2010) Global Power City Index (2010) Category: - Livability - Economy - Research & development - Cultural Interaction - Ecology & natural Environment - Accessibility Actor-Specific Ranking: - Manager - Researcher - Artist - Visitor - Resident London London Alpha++ London & New York City New York City Vancouver New York City New York City London Zurich Paris 17 9 Beta+ New York City New York City Paris London Paris Green Buzz The World s 10 Greenest Cities (2011) Reykjavik, Iceland

8 Study Top Ranked City Vancouver s Ranking Green City Index (2011) Category: - CO 2 - Energy - Land Use - Buildings - Transport - Water - Waste - Air - Environmental Governance MasterCard Index of Global Destination Cities (Second Quarter 2011) - North America San Francisco Vancouver Denver New York City Seattle New York City Calgary San Francisco Vancouver Denver London Not Ranked in top 20 cities 10 New York City Mercer s Best Cities for Infrastructure (2010) Singapore Tied 6 with Düsseldorf Mercer s Quality of Living Survey (2011) Vienna Tied 5 with Düsseldorf Monocle s Liveable Cities Index (2012) Zurich 19 PWC Cities of Opportunity (2011) New York City Not ranked Reputation Institute City RepTrak (2012) Vancouver 1 Toronto Board of Trade - Scorecard on Prosperity (2012) Category: - Economy All 24 Cities - Economy 12 North American Cities - Labour Attractiveness Clusters: - Auto & Parts Manufacturing - Transportation & Logistics - Food & Beverage - Finance - Bio-Pharma & Bio-Medical - Aerospace - IT &Communication Technology - Business & Professional Services - Creative & Entertainment - Energy Paris San Francisco Boston Paris Toronto Vancouver Calgary New York San Francisco Seattle San Francisco Calgary Los Angeles Calgary Travel + Leisure s World s Best Cities (2011) Bangkok 27 World City Survey (2011) New York City Not ranked

9 Studies Björn Surborg - World Cities Björn Surborg in his 2010 paper "World Cities" 4,, defines a world city as a city deemed to be an important node point in the global economic system. A world city is a dominant place in the global economy with a disproportionately large share of the world's business functions, especially capital commanding functions, but the term dates back to at least the beginning of the 19th century, when Goethe used it to describe cities of overwhelming political and cultural importance. Within the contemporary study of geography, however, world cities are usually defined as centers with a very large proportion of command-and-control functions within the global economy. These are most commonly measured as large concentrations of producer services, including banking and financial services, insurance, real estate, legal services, accounting, and professional associations. World cities are also highly dependent on each other for investment and other business activities, creating a world city network. Due to increased global competition in place marketing, world city status is a desirable achievement for local planners, trying to attract outside investment or a share of the global tourism. More recently, the concept of the world city has been criticized for focusing too strongly on urban hierarchies and economic aspects and for being West-centric. World cities are the command-and-control centers of the global economy but are not individually in a position to fulfill these command-and-control functions. Instead, they are also highly dependent on each other that is, they not only compete for the same business but also rely on each other in fulfilling the capital commanding functions in the global economy and thus constitute a system. The geographic distribution of cities remains of central importance for this system regardless of considerable improvements in telecommunications over the past two or three decades. The most regularly mentioned world cities at the top of the urban hierarchy, New York, London, and Tokyo, for example, are located in three distinct world regions and time zones and are thus in a position to collectively influence business in the Americas, Europe-Africa, and the Asia Pacific Region at any time, whereas one individual city could not do so. Los Angeles, Chicago, Toronto, Paris, Frankfurt, Amsterdam, Hong Kong, Singapore, and Sydney, among others, are often cited as other major world cities. These world cities have in common that they host the largest stock exchanges and the headquarters of the world's largest banks and other transnational producer services firms. Through these producer services or command-and-control functions, world cities fulfill core functions within the world economy. Strong links thus exist between world-systems theory, which conceptually divides countries into core, periphery and semi periphery economies, and world city research, although the former focuses on the nation-state as the main unit of analysis and the latter on cities. 4 Surborg, Björn. "World Cities". Encyclopedia of Geography SAGE Publications. 15 Oct Surborg, Björn. "World Cities", University of British Columbia, Vancouver Presentation. 9

10 The internal structure of world cities is characterized by an advanced telecommunication infrastructure, a large stock of high-end office space, a large proportion of urban amenities, spectacular architecture, and signature buildings as well as highly polarized labor markets. Moreover, the hosting of cultural festivals, sports events, and other mega events, such as the Olympics or Expos (world exhibitions), are means for cities to attract business and tourists and thus attain (or maintain) world city status. Office space and infrastructure are essential prerequisites in attracting the offices, especially regional or global headquarters, of large transnational corporations, which give a city the status of a world city. However, cultural amenities, such as theaters, museums, concert halls, and sports arenas, are of similar importance in attracting global managerial staff and professionals to work in a city. Similarly, mega events, with their substantial global media reach, are tools for promoting a city and showcasing its attractiveness and achievements. Spectacular architecture provides an image of a city to promote it through the global media. Partly as a result of this economic structure, world cities are characterized by a highly polarized labour market. On the one hand, a large number of professionals and managerial staff in transnational corporations receive high incomes with additional benefits, enabling them to enjoy many of the cultural amenities, while on the other hand many low-income workers struggle to find adequate housing, schooling for children, and often food. These workers often earn a minimum wage (or in case of illegal employment, below minimum wage) and find employment in low-end service jobs, such as cleaning, food services, or domestic labour. Both labour markets, high and low income, are highly international and depend on migrant workers transnational professionals on the one hand and economic migrants on the other. The process of social polarization is also a result of post-1970s state restructuring and the reduction of social redistribution by nation-states. World cities are often ranked into alpha, beta, gamma, and delta groups, based on the concentrations of producer services in them. Depending on changes in these concentrations, cities retain both upward and downward mobility within the system. Vancouver (along with Seattle) falls under the Delta group, showing some evidence of world city formation. 10

11 Greg Clark - The Business of Cities Greg Clark has conducted a comprehensive study, The Business of Cities, City Indexes in in which over a hundred reports, multi-layered indexes and single-variable rankings are explored and mined for their insights into urban presents and futures. He argues that several factors need to be taken into consideration: The role of sustainability and the evolution of Smart City concept. The sustainability agenda is usefully merging with liveability ambitions, enabling both fields to be handled within one regime of urban design upgrades. The ambition to facilitate residents to make lifestyle choices that contribute most to collective wellbeing has moved towards the centre of the leadership agenda at least partly because of the marriage of sustainability and liveability goals. The quest for quality of life remains the key overarching goal for many city leaders because it is the profound common ingredient uniting the needs of citizens, businesses, investors, and visitors in a city. Local amenities, connectivity, and good local public services therefore remain essential to the urban project. In order to achieve these liveability advantages, most of the world s mega-cities, and even more numerous historic and de-industrialising cities, still need to address ongoing substantial infrastructure deficits. Existing infrastructure, including transport links, energy storage, waste management, and housing, has to be renewed, managed, and in many cases re-financed, while investment and re-investment is critical to create new infrastructure that can cope with the challenges of growth, restructuring and adaptation. Many cities have invested considerable time and money in devising new economic strategies that identify which leading sectors to prioritise and building new identities around these sectors that can effectively communicate to new customers and investors in the emerging world. Strategic economic positioning is accompanied by the pressure to increase, through innovation, the investment rate in the new cycle so as to ensure vital existing assets do not become liabilities. The reality of demographic change that is profoundly shaping cities revenue capabilities and service delivery demands. As well as increased mobility, especially of younger knowledge workers and aspirational immigrants, cities are confronted with dramatically extended life expectancies often coupled with low birth rates. As a result urban life is for the most part becoming more and more racially, socially and economically diverse. This produces greater heterogeneity in citizenry aspirations, and the need for cities to provide distinctive services and representation to different population segments. Clark argues that Vancouver is a medium sized niche city (along with Seattle, Austin, Portland and Montreal) that performs high on environmental and entrepreneurial measures and is becoming more prominent in national and international indexes. In terms of Livability, Vancouver is as usual very highly regarded, but for the first time in nearly a decade has dropped from first place to third place in The Economist s (EIU) World's Most Livable Cities Index. 5 Clark. G. The Business of Cities, City Indexes in 2011 June

12 Indexes The Anholt-GfK Roper City Brands Index Vancouver was ranked eighteenth in Simon Anholt developed the City Brands Index in as a way to measure the image and reputation of the world's cities, and to track their profiles as they rise or fall. Now, in partnership with GfK Roper Public Affairs & Media 7, one of the world's leading research firms, Simon Anholt has launched an expanded City Brands Index, the only analytical ranking of the world s city images and reputations. The studies poll nearly 20,000 people in 20 countries each year, asking more than 40 questions about their perceptions of 50 cities. The 2011 Anholt-GfK Roper City Brands Index 8 is based on a survey conducted in 10 major developed and developing countries around the globe. The index is developed by averaging city scores across six categories, it attempts to measure the quality of the City s brand globally by asking participants to judge cities on the basis of: Presence (knowledge of city and perception of its global contribution); Place (cleanliness, aesthetic qualities and climate); Prerequisites (affordable accommodation and quality of public amenities); People (friendliness, personal encounters and cultural diversity); Pulse (interesting events, activities and lifestyles); and Potential (perception as a good place to do business, to find a job and go to school). The top 10 cities from the 2011 global survey Rank City 1 Paris 2 London 3 Sydney 4 New York 5 Los Angeles 6 Rome 7 Washington D.C. 8 Melbourne 9 Vienna 10 Tokyo

13 The cities measured in each wave include: North America: Chicago, Montreal, New York, Toronto, Vancouver, San Francisco, Los Angeles, Boston Western Europe: Amsterdam, Barcelona, Berlin, Brussels, Copenhagen, Dublin, Edinburgh, Geneva, Helsinki, London, Madrid, Manchester, Milan, Paris, Rome, Stockholm Central/Eastern Europe: Budapest, Istanbul, Moscow, Prague, Riga, Warsaw Asia Pacific: Auckland, Beijing, Hong Kong, Melbourne, Seoul, Singapore, Sydney, Tokyo, Shanghai, Mumbai, Bangkok Latin America: Rio de Janeiro, Mexico City, Buenos Aires Middle East/Africa: Johannesburg, Cairo, Dubai Condé Nast Traveler- Readers Choice Awards 2012 Vancouver is ranked first in Canada The 2012 Condé Nast Traveler- Readers Choice Awards 9 was the 25th annual survey, with 46,476 readers participating. The readers voted Vancouver as the best city in Canada, with the following ratings: Ambience: 89.9 Friendliness: 83.5 Lodging: 83.8 Restaurants: 86.1 Culture/Sites: 78.5 Shopping: 70.6 The top 5 cities in Canada (2012) Rank City Rating 1 Vancouver Quebec City Victoria Montreal Toronto

14 The Economist's (EIU) World's Most Livable Cities Vancouver is ranked third. The Economist Intelligence Unit's 10 livability survey uses data from the Mercer consulting group and shows cities in Canada, Australia, Austria, Finland and New Zealand as the ideal destinations, thanks to a widespread availability of goods and services, low personal risk, and an effective infrastructure. It does not take into account climate or the cost of living as a factor in 'livability.' The Economist Intelligence Unit has been criticized by the New York Times for being overly Anglo centric, stating that "The Economist clearly equates livability with speaking English." The August 2011 report placed Melbourne, Australia as the most livable city in the world, with Vienna, Austria taking second place, followed by Vancouver, Canada. There was controversy related to the lowering of Vancouver's rating due to the traffic congestion on Highway 1, as the congestion was located 90 kilometers away from the city and on Vancouver Island. The highway referenced serves Victoria, B.C. and Nanaimo, B.C. Other Canadian cities also ranked highly in the survey, with Toronto and Calgary holding the 4th and 5th positions, respectively. Three other Australian cities, Sydney at 6th and Perth and Adelaide tied at 8th, were ranked among the top ten. The top Asian city was Osaka, Japan, at number 12, tying with Geneva, Switzerland, and beating the Japanese capital of Tokyo, which placed 18th. Paris was ranked number 16 and London moved up one place to 53 rd. Honolulu at 26th tops the American cities in the list, just ahead of Pittsburgh, ranked 29th, Boston 41st, Los Angeles (which rose to) 44th, and New York in 56th place. Generally African and South Asian cities were ranked lower in the EIU's rankings. Harare, Zimbabwe, was rated the least liveable city in the world. About the Liveability survey The concept of liveability is simple: it assesses which locations around the world provide the best or the worst living conditions. Assessing liveability has a broad range of uses, from benchmarking perceptions of development levels to assigning a hardship allowance as part of expatriate relocation packages. The Economist Intelligence Unit's liveability rating quantifies the challenges that might be presented to an individual's lifestyle in any given location, and allows for direct comparison between locations. Each city is assigned a rating of relative comfort for over 30 qualitative and quantitative factors across five broad categories: stability; healthcare; culture and environment; education; and infrastructure. Each factor in each city is rated as acceptable, tolerable, uncomfortable, undesirable or intolerable. For qualitative indicators, a rating is awarded based on the judgment of in house analysts and in city

15 contributors. For quantitative indicators, a rating is calculated based on the relative performance of a number of external data points. The scores are then compiled and weighted to provide a score of 1 100, where 1 is considered intolerable and 100 is considered ideal. The liveability rating is provided both as an overall score and as a score for each category. To provide points of reference, the score is also given for each category relative to New York and an overall position in the ranking of 140 cities is provided. The scores are then compiled and weighted to provide a score of 1 100, where 1 is considered intolerable and 100 is considered ideal. The liveability rating is provided both as an overall score and as a score for each category. To provide points of reference, the score is also given for each category relative to New York and an overall position in the ranking of 140 cities is provided. The suggested liveability scale 11 Rating Description There are few, if any, challenges to living standards Day to day living is fine, in general, but some aspects of life may entail problems Negative factors have an impact on day-to-day living Liveability is substantially constrained 50 or less Most aspects of living are severely restricted Category 1: Stability (weight: 25% of total) Indicator Prevalence of petty crime Prevalence of violent crime Threat of terror Threat of military conflict Threat of civil unrest/conflict Source EIU rating EIU rating EIU rating EIU rating EIU rating Category 2: Healthcare (weight: 20% of total) Indicator Availability of private healthcare Quality of private healthcare Availability of public healthcare Quality of public healthcare Source EIU rating EIU rating EIU rating EIU rating

16 Availability of over-the-counter drugs General healthcare indicators EIU rating Adapted from World Bank Category 3: Culture & Environment (weight: 25% of total) Indicator Humidity/temperature rating Discomfort of climate to travellers Level of corruption Social or religious restrictions Level of censorship Sporting availability Cultural availability Food and drink Consumer goods and services Source Adapted from average weather conditions EIU rating Adapted from Transparency International EIU rating EIU rating EIU field rating of 3 sport indicators EIU field rating of 4 cultural indicators EIU field rating of 4 cultural indicators EIU rating of product availability Category 4: Education (weight: 10% of total) Indicator Availability of private education Quality of private education Public education indicators Source EIU rating EIU rating Adapted from World Bank Category 5: Infrastructure (weight: 20% of total) Indicator Quality of road network Quality of public transport Quality of international links Availability of good quality housing Quality of energy provision Quality of water provision Quality of telecommunications Source EIU rating EIU rating EIU rating EIU rating EIU rating EIU rating EIU rating 16

17 The Economist's Economist Intelligence Unit - Hot Spots, Benchmarking global city competitiveness (2012) Vancouver is ranked eighteenth overall but first in physical capital Hot spots 12 is an Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU) research programme, commissioned by Citigroup, to develop a Global City Competitiveness Index to rank cities according to their demonstrated ability to attract capital, businesses, talent and visitors. The index ranks the competitiveness of 120 of the world s major cities, and compares across eight distinct categories of competitiveness and 31 individual indicators. These cities collectively represent about 29% of the global economy, with a combined GDP of US$20.2tr. No city excels at all of these facets. As a result, a diverse range of cities tops each of the eight specific pillars of competitiveness, from Tianjin (economic strength) and Dublin (human capital) to Zurich (joint first in financial maturity, institutional effectiveness, and social and cultural character),and Vancouver (joint first in physical capital). Top 30 Cities Overall score Data Rank City 1 New York 2 London 3 Singapore =4 Paris =4 Hong Kong 6 Tokyo 7 Zurich 8 Washington DC 9 Chicago 10 Boston 11 Frankfurt 12 Toronto =13 San Francisco =13 Geneva 15 Sydney 16 Melbourne 17 Amsterdam 18 Vancouver 19 Los Angeles =20 Stockholm

18 Rank City =20 Seoul 22 Montréal =23 Houston =23 Copenhagen =25 Vienna =25 Dallas 27 Dublin 28 Madrid 29 Seattle 30 Philadelphia Top Cities Category score 2012 Data Rank Economic strength Rank Physical capital Rank Financial Maturity Rank Institutional effectiveness 1 Tianjin =1 Vancouver =1 Zurich =1 Zurich 2 Shenzhen =1 Tokyo =1 Toronto =1 Geneva 3 Dalian =1 Stockholm =1 Tokyo 3 Auckland 4 New York =1 Singapore =1 Singapore 4 Sydney 5 Doha =1 Melbourne =1 New York 5 Melbourne 6 Guangzhou =1 Hong Kong =1 London 6 Singapore 7 Shanghai =1 Hamburg =1 Hong Kong =7 Vancouver 8 Tokyo =1 Amsterdam =1 Frankfurt =7 Toronto 9 Chongqing =9 Zurich =1 Chicago =7 Montreal 10 Beijing =9 Zurich =10 Washington =10 Washington DC =9 Vienna =10 Vancouver =10 Seattle Rank Social and cultural character Rank Human capital Rank Environment and natural hazards Rank Global appeal 1 Zurich 1 Dublin =1 Montreal 1 London =2 Sydney 2 Hong Kong =1 Frankfurt 2 Paris =2 New York 3 Copenhagen =1 Budapest 3 Tokyo =2 Los Angeles 4 Paris =1 Birmingham 4 Singapore =5 Madrid 5 Geneva 5 Milan 5 Beijing =5 London 6 Oslo =6 Paris 6 Hong Kong =5 Frankfurt 7 Zurich =6 Berlin 7 Amsterdam =5 Chicago 8 Seattle =8 Zurich 8 New York 18

19 =5 Berlin =9 Washington =8 Vienna 9 Barcelona =5 Barcelona =9 San Francisco =8 Singapore 10 Vienna =11 Vienna =11 Houston =8 Riyadh 11 Washington =11 Toronto =11 Boston =8 Pune 12 Madrid =11 Paris =11 Atlanta =8 Monterrey 13 Seoul =11 Miami 14 Dallas =8 Madrid 14 Berlin =11 Dublin 15 Los Angeles =8 Geneva 15 Boston =16 Vancouver 16 Philadelphia =8 Doha 16 Toronto =16 Prague 17 Chicago =8 Chengdu 17 Zurich =16 Montreal =18 New York =8 Bangalore =16 Amsterdam =18 Miami =19 Vancouver. 21 Milan 20 Auckland =19 Stockholm =43 Vancouver 21 Vancouver =19 Oslo =43 San Francisco Jones Lang LaSalle World Winning Cities 2012 Vancouver is ranked one hundred and fourth. 13 In 2002, Jones Lang LaSalle launched World Winning Cities 14, a multi-year research programme to understand the new trends in urbanisation and to assess their impacts on global real estate markets. The programme is underpinned by a proprietary database of key performance indicators covering more than 650 cities worldwide. Their analysis is anchored by their Global cities that they believe will account for the bulk of economic and commercial real estate activity over the next decade. The Global 300 are the world s most populous, productive and connected cities; their one billion citizens are responsible for over 40 percent of global economic activity. Jones Lang LaSalle Global Feenan, R. World Winning Cities Research. Jones Lang LaSalle Vancouver presentation 14 Jones Lang LaSalle. A New World of Cities, World Winning Cities, Global Foresight Series January

20 Global Cities Index Vancouver does not rank on this list. In 2008, the American journal Foreign Policy 15, in conjunction with consulting firm A.T. Kearney and the Chicago Council on Global Affairs, published a ranking of global cities, based on consultation with Saskia Sassen 16 Witold Rybczynski, and others. Foreign Policy noted that "the world s biggest; most interconnected cities help set global agendas, weather transnational dangers, and serve as the hubs of global integration. They are the engines of growth for their countries and the gateways to the resources of their regions." Global Cities Index Methodology The Global Cities Index ranks cities' metro areas according to 25 metrics across five dimensions: The first is business activity: including the value of its capital markets, the number of Fortune Global 500 firms headquartered there, and the volume of the goods that pass through the city. The second dimension measures human capital, or how well the city acts as a magnet for diverse groups of people and talent. This includes the size of a city's immigrant population, the quality of the universities, the number of international schools, and the percentage of residents with university degrees. The third dimension is information exchange, how well news and information is dispersed about and to the rest of the world. The number of international news bureaus, the level of censorship, the amount of international news in the leading local papers, and the broadband subscriber rate round out that dimension. The final two areas of analysis are unusual for most rankings of globalized cities or states. The fourth is cultural experience, or the level of diverse attractions for international residents and travelers. That includes everything from how many major sporting events a city hosts to the number of performing arts venues and diverse culinary establishments it boasts and the sister city relationships it maintains. The final dimension, political engagement, measures the degree to which a city influences global policymaking and dialogue. By examining the number of embassies and consulates, major think tanks, international organizations, and political conferences a city hosts Sassen, S. The global city: strategic site/new frontier 20

21 The Global Cities Index Rank City Rank by Population Rank by GDP 1 New York London Tokyo Paris Hong Kong Chicago Los Angeles Singapore Sydney Seoul Brussels San Francisco Washington Toronto Beijing Berlin Madrid Vienna Boston Frankfurt Shanghai Buenos Aires Stockholm Zurich Moscow Barcelona Dubai Rome Amsterdam Mexico City Montreal Geneva Miami Munich Sao Paulo Bangkok Copenhagen

22 Rank City Rank by Population Rank by GDP 38 Houston Taipei Atlanta Istanbul Milan Cairo Dublin New Delhi Mumbai Osaka Kuala Lumpur Rio de Janeiro Tel Aviv Manila Johannesburg Jakarta Bogota Caracas Nairobi Guangzhou Bangalore Lagos Karachi Ho Chi Minh City Shenzhen Kolkata Dhaka Chongqing A map showing the distribution of Global Cities (2010 data)

23 The Global Financial Centres Index Vancouver is ranked seventeenth. The Global Financial Centres Index 18 (Z/Yen Group) 19 is a barometer, tracking the shifts of competitiveness in global financial centres, and over the last few years it has shown that Canada s economy is weathering the storm. Forbes magazine ranks Canada as the best country in the world in which to do business. Four Canadian cities are now in the top 30 of the Global Financial Centres Index. Toronto offers a breadth of financial services activity that makes it the third largest financial services centre in all of North America. Vancouver is Canada s Pacific gateway, offering unique access to trade financing in the fast growing Asia Pacific markets. Calgary is a global hub for energy and commodity financing. Montreal has strong expertise in pension management, and leads in developing software for the financial services sector. Top 30 Cities 2011 Data Ranking City 1. London 2. New York 3. Hong Kong 4. Singapore 5. Tokyo 6. Zurich 7. Chicago 8. Shanghai 9. Seoul 10. Toronto 11. Boston 12. San Francisco 13. Frankfurt 14. Geneva 15. Washington DC 16. Sydney 17. Vancouver 18. Montreal 19. Munich 20. Melbourne 21. Jersey 22. Paris 23. Luxembourg 18 Long Finance. The Global Financial Centres Index 11. March

24 Ranking City 24. Osaka 25. Stockholm 26. Beijing 27. Taipei 28. Calgary 29. Dubai 30. Wellington Research indicates that many factors combine to make a financial centre competitive. These factors can be grouped into five over-arching areas of competitiveness : People, Business Environment, Infrastructure, Market Access and General Competitiveness. They examine: Connectivity the extent to which a centre is well known around the world and how many non-resident professionals believe it is connected to other financial centres. If the weighted assessments for a centre are provided by over 65% of other centres, this centre is deemed to be Global. If the ratings are provided by over 45% of other centres, this centre is deemed to be Transnational. Vancouver is classified as Established Transnational. Diversity (Breadth) the breadth of industry sectors that flourish in a financial centre. A high score means that a centre is well diversified; a low diversity score reflects a less rich business environment. Vancouver rates in the highest breadth category as Broad. Speciality (Depth) - the depth within a financial centre of the following industry sectors: asset management, investment banking, insurance, professional services and wealth management. Vancouver rates in the highest depth category as Deep Ranking Broad & Deep Global leaders 1. Chicago 2. Frankfurt 3. Hong Kong 4. London 5. New York 6. Paris 7. Tokyo 8. Zurich 9. Toronto 24

25 2011 Ranking Broad & Deep Established Transnational 1. Copenhagen 2. Geneva 3. Madrid 4. Montreal 5. Munich 6. Sydney 7. Vancouver Globalization and World Cities Research Network (GaWC) 20 Vancouver is ranked as a Beta+. The first attempt to define, categorize, and rank global cities using 'relational data' was made in 1998 by Jon Beaverstock, Richard G Smith and Peter Taylor, who all worked at that time at Loughborough University in the United Kingdom. Together they established the Globalization and World Cities Research Network. A roster of world cities was outlined in the GaWC Research Bulletin 5 and ranked cities based on their connectivity through four "advanced producer services": accountancy, advertising, banking/finance, and law. The GaWC inventory identifies three levels of global cities and several subranks. This roster generally denotes cities in which there are offices of certain multinational corporations providing financial and consulting services rather than denoting other cultural, political, and economic centres. The 2004 rankings acknowledged several new indicators while continuing to rank city economics more heavily than political or cultural factors. The 2008 roster, similar to the 1998 version, is sorted into categories of "Alpha" world cities (with four sub-categories), "Beta" world cities (three sub-categories), "Gamma" world cities (three sub-categories), and additional cities with "High sufficiency" or "Sufficiency" world city presence. The 2010 roster of leading Alpha, Beta and Gamma world cities is as follows: Category Alpha++ Alpha+ Alpha Alpha- Cities London, New York City Chicago, Dubai, Hong Kong, Paris, Shanghai, Singapore, Sydney and Tokyo Amsterdam, Beijing, Brussels, Buenos Aires, Frankfurt, Kuala Lumpur, Los Angeles, Madrid, Mexico City, Milan, Moscow, Mumbai, San Francisco, São Paulo, Seoul, Toronto and Washington Atlanta, Bangkok, Barcelona, Boston, Dallas, Dublin, Istanbul, Jakarta, Johannesburg, Lisbon, Melbourne, Miami, Munich, New Delhi, Philadelphia, Santiago, Taipei, Vienna, Warsaw and

26 Category Beta+ Beta Beta Gamma+ Gamma Gamma Cities Zurich Athens, Bangalore, Berlin, Bogota, Cairo, Copenhagen, Düsseldorf, Hamburg, Houston, Manila, Montreal, Prague, Rome, Stockholm, Tel Aviv and Vancouver Auckland, Beirut, Bucharest, Budapest, Cape Town, Caracas, Chennai, Guangzhou, Ho Chi Minh City, Karachi, Kyiv, Lima, Luxembourg, Manchester, Minneapolis, Montevideo, Oslo, Riyadh and Seattle Abu Dhabi, Birmingham, Bratislava, Brisbane, Kolkata, Calgary, Casablanca, Cleveland, Cologne, Denver, Detroit, Geneva, Guatemala City, Helsinki, Lagos, Manama, Monterrey, Nicosia, Osaka, Panama City, Perth, Port Louis, Rio de Janeiro, San Diego, San Juan, Shenzhen, Sofia, St. Louis and Stuttgart Adelaide, Amman, Antwerp, Baltimore, Belgrade, Bristol, Charlotte, Cincinnati, Doha, Edinburgh, Glasgow, Hanoi, Hyderabad, Jeddah, Kuwait, Lahore, Nairobi, Portland, Riga, San José, San Jose, Tunis and Zagreb Almaty, Columbus, Edmonton, Guadalajara, Indianapolis, Kansas City, Leeds, Lyon, Phoenix, Pittsburgh, Quito, Rotterdam, San Salvador, Santo Domingo, St. Petersburg, Tampa, Valencia and Vilnius Accra, Austin, Belfast, Colombo, Curitiba, Durban, George Town, Gothenburg, Guayaquil, Islamabad, Ljubljana, Marseille, Milwaukee, Muscat, Nagoya, Orlando, Ottawa, Porto, Porto Alegre, Pune, Richmond, VA, Southampton, Tallinn, Tegucigalpa, Turin and Wellington A map showing the distribution of GaWC-ranked world cities (2010 data) 21 Global Power City Index Vancouver is ranked 16 on this list. The Global Power City Index 22 evaluates and ranks the major cities of the world according to their comprehensive power to attract creative people and excellent companies from around the world amidst an environment of increasingly strong urban competition worldwide

27 The Institute for Urban Strategies at The Mori Memorial Foundation 23 in Tokyo, Japan issued a comprehensive study of global cities in The ranking is based on six overall categories, "Economy", "Research & Development", "Cultural Interaction", "Livability", "Ecology & Natural Environment", and "Accessibility", with 69 individual indicators among them. This ranking also breaks down top ten world cities ranked in subjective categories such as "manager, researcher, artist, visitor and resident." A map showing the distribution of the GLCI Survey Global Power City Index 2010 Rank City Score Best category (position) 1 United States New York City Economy (1.) Research & Development (1.) 2 United Kingdom London Cultural Interaction (1.) 3 France Paris Accessibility (1.) 4 Japan Tokyo Economy (2.) Research & Development (2.) 5 Singapore Singapore Accessibility (4.) 6 Germany Berlin Ecology & Natural Environment (3.) 7 Netherlands Amsterdam Accessibility (5.) 8 South Korea Seoul Research & Development (5.) 9 Hong Kong Hong Kong Economy (5.) 10 Australia Sydney 219 Ecology & Natural Environment (11.) 11 Austria Vienna Ecology & Natural Environment (7.) 12 Switzerland Zurich 215 Ecology & Natural Environment (1.) Institute for Urban Strategies, The Mori Memorial Foundation. Global Power City Index. October

28 Rank City Score Best category (position) 13 Germany Frankfurt Accessibility (7.) 14 United States Los Angeles Research & Development (7.) 15 Spain Madrid Ecology & Natural Environment (10.) 16 Canada Vancouver Livability (1.) 17 Denmark Copenhagen Livability (9.) 18 Japan Osaka Livability (3.) 19 Switzerland Geneva Ecology & Natural Environment (2.) 20 United States Boston Research & Development (4.) 28

29 Green Buzz.net - The World s Greenest Cities Vancouver is ranked fourth. According to Green Buzz.net 24 the following ten cities have made the best efforts for achieving their high environmental goals. Top 10 Cities 2011 Data Rank City 1 Reykjavik, Iceland 2 Malmo, Sweden 3 Copenhagen, Denmark 4 Vancouver, Canada 5 Bahia de Caraquez, Ecuador 6 Sydney, Australia 7 Bogota, Colombia 8 Curitiba, Brazil 9 London, England 10 Paris Portland, Oregon, USA Green City Index US and Canada Vancouver is ranked second. According to the Siemens/ Economist Intelligence Unit s 25 Green City Index, Vancouver is ranked second out of 27 major US and Canadian cities. The 27 cities were chosen with a view to representing a number of the most populous metropolitan areas in the United States and Canada. The cities were picked independently rather than relying on requests from city governments to be included, in order to enhance the Index s credibility and comparability. The methodology has been developed by the Economist Intelligence Unit in cooperation with Siemens. It relies on the expertise of both organizations, a panel of outside urbanization experts, and the experience from producing the European Green City Index in 2009, as well as the Latin American Green City Index in 2010 and the Asian Green City Index in green-buzz.net/environment/10-worlds-greenest-cities/

30 One of the great strengths of the US and Canada Green City Index is the breadth of information it uses. For every city 31 individual indicators are evaluated, often based on multiple data points. Value also comes from how the Index is presented: each city is assessed in nine categories and ranked against the others to indicate its relative position. The process is transparent, consistent and replicable, and is designed to reveal sources of best practice. CO2: Vancouver First, 91.4 points This is one of Vancouver s strongest categories in the Index. The city emits just 4.2 metric tons of CO2 per person, well below the Index average of 14.5 metric tons. Measured against economic output, Vancouver emits just an estimated 111 metric tons of CO2 per $1 million of GDP, compared with the Index average of 296 metric tons. The city s low emissions are a result of policies geared at green energy promotion and the dominance of hydropower in Vancouver s energy grid. Air: Vancouver First, 95.1 points Vancouver s impressive performance in the air category is a result of low emission levels of all pollutants measured in this Index. The city has one of the lowest rates of particulate matter emissions in the Index, at just 7 lb. (3 kg) per person versus an overall average of 25 lb. (11 kg).vancouver has similarly low emission levels of sulfur dioxide, at 5 lb. (2 kg) per person, less than a quarter of the Index average of 22 lb. (10 kg); and nitrogen oxides, at 37 lb. (17 kg) per person, compared with the average of 66 lb. (30 kg). Vancouver has a relatively higher population density than other Index cities which contributes to air quality through increased use of public transport, for example. In addition, over the last half decade the city has actively promoted a suite of air quality improvement policies while ensuring that air pollution does not disproportionately affect the poor). Transport: Third, 66.6 points Vancouver boasts the longest public transit system in the Index, at 5.4 miles per square mile (3.3 kilometers per square kilometer), nearly five times the overall average of 1.1 miles (0.7 kilometers). Its performance is further helped by a high percentage of workers commuting by public transit, bicycle, or foot, at 25%, compared with the average of 13%. Meanwhile, the city has been expanding bicycle and pedestrian lanes, and is looking to implement a bike share program. Energy: Fourth, 80.1 points Vancouver s per capita electricity consumption is better than average at 33 gigajoules per person, versus the Index average of 52 gigajoules. Likewise, the city consumes 237 gigajoules of electricity per $1 million of GDP, compared with the overall mean of 332 gigajoules. Where Vancouver shines, though, is in its sustainable energy strategy, which seeks to provide high density neighborhoods with financing for community renewable-energy systems, helping cover high up-front costs, while recouping the benefits through long-term lower operating expenses. Vancouver is one of just six Index cities actively increasing the amount of locally produced and consumed energy. 30

31 Buildings: Fifth, 77.2 points Vancouver s score in this category is bolstered by the abundance of Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED)-certified buildings. It has among the most in the Index with 10.2 per 100,000 people, compared with the average of 6.4. The city also scores well in the area of policies aimed at promoting energy efficiency in buildings. While Vancouver does not fully require energy efficiency audits, the city s One Day program offers a number of building efficiency incentives such as free energy assessments, mortgage rebates for energy efficient home improvements, and preferential loans for efficiency upgrades. Water: Sixth, 86.6 points Vancouver consumes 137 gallons (519 liters) of water per person per day, better than the Index average of 155 gallons (587 liters). Its score is further bolstered by its water leakage rate of 11%, slightly better than the average of 13%. Vancouver officials have demonstrated eagerness to further improve the city s water performance. The city has set a goal to reduce per capita water consumption by 33% over 2006 levels by To achieve this ambitious aim officials plan to develop incentive programs to accelerate the installation of water-efficient infrastructure and to unveil full service retrofit programs in partnership with other utilities. Waste: Seventh, 69 points Although Vancouver recycles 55% of municipal waste the third best rate in the Index and more than double the average of 26% the city s waste performance is hindered by a comparative lack of incentives in place to reduce overall waste. The city instead relies on advocacy measures, including efforts to create a zero waste culture, by working with schools, developing educational campaigns, establishing a network of zero-waste businesses, and challenging other cities to reuse or recycle all waste. Environmental governance: Vancouver Tenth, 91.1 points Vancouver is among ten cities in the Index that score more than 90 points. The city has a robust environmental strategy in place, demonstrated by its strong performance across the board. And while Vancouver has also launched multiple environmental campaigns such as the Greenest City and One Day programs that enjoy strong political support, the city s somewhat lower placement in this category is the result of a comparative lack of transparency. (This is Vancouver s lowest ranking). Not all of the city s targets have been reported, and while information is accessible and the sustainability campaign is widely known, data is not collected and provided in a unified location. The city has partnered with a private company to monitor energy-use plans to make strides to that end. 31

32 Top 27 Cities 2011 Data Ranking City Score 1. San Francisco Vancouver New York City Seattle Denver Boston Los Angeles Washington DC Toronto Minneapolis Chicago Ottawa Philadelphia Calgary Sacramento Houston Dallas Orlando Montreal Charlotte Atlanta Miami Pittsburgh Phoenix Cleveland St. Louis Detroit

33 MasterCard Worldwide Insights - MasterCard Index of Global Destination Cities: Cross-Border Travel and Expenditures (Second Quarter 2011) Vancouver is not ranked in the top 20 global cities but is ranked tenth in North America (out of 14 cities). An important dimension of how cities are connected across the globe is represented by cross-border travel and expenditures, the human dimension of globalization 26. While the international flow of capital and the trade of goods and services have been meticulously measured and documented, the same cannot be said of this human dimension of globalization. International travel is a powerful trend that shapes global commerce and underpins the growth of key industries such as transportation, retail, and hospitality, and professional services like marketing and advertising. The economic and business impacts of international travel are especially pronounced in cities that are popular destinations of international travelers, and in these destination cities, spending by international visitors contributes significantly to local commerce and business activities, amplifying the dynamism of these urban economies. In order to develop better insights on this important human dimension of globalization, MasterCard Worldwide has created the Index of Global Destination Cities, an annual research program that describes and analyzes the global network of 132 destination cities and how they are connected through cross-border air travel and associated expenditures. Destination cities are ranked globally in terms of the number of their total international visitor arrivals and cross border spending by these same visitors in the destination cities. Global Top 20 Destination Cities by International Visitor Spending Data Ranking City Visitor Spending $billion 1. London New York Paris Bangkok Frankfurt Sydney Los Angeles Madrid Singapore Hong Kong Seoul Istanbul Amsterdam

34 Ranking City Visitor Spending $billion 14. Rome Tokyo Miami Taipei Dubai Melbourne Barcelona 7.5 North American Top 10 Destination Cities by International Visitor Spending Data Ranking City Visitor Spending $billion 1. New York Los Angeles Miami Chicago San Francisco Atlanta Washington DC Toronto Houston Vancouver 3.0 Mercer s Quality of Living Survey Vancouver is ranked fifth. Mercer releases annually the Quality of Living Survey 27, comparing 221 cities based on 39 criteria. New York is given a baseline score of 100 and other cities are rated in comparison. Important criteria are safety, education, hygiene, health care, culture, environment, recreation, political-economic stability and public transportation. The list helps multi-national companies decide where to open offices or plants, and how much to pay employees. In the 2011 list of cities, the top of the list is dominated by Europe, Canada, and New Zealand; and Switzerland and Germany both have 3 cities in the top 10. The first entries from other countries are Sydney at 11, Singapore at 25, Honolulu at 29, and Tokyo at 46. Baghdad was at the bottom of the list

35 Of the 25 cities at the bottom, 15 are in Africa. Compared to lists for previous years, cities in South Asia (mainly India), East Asia (mainly China), the Middle East and Eastern Europe are clearly on the rise. Mercer also has a 'Personal Safety' list, which is also dominated by EU and Swiss cities: the top five are Luxembourg, Bern, Helsinki, Zurich and Vienna year s ranking also identifies the cities with the best eco-ranking based on water availability and drinkability, waste removal, quality of sewage systems, air pollution and traffic congestion. Calgary is at the top of this index (score 145.7), followed by Honolulu in second place (score 145.1) and Ottawa and Helsinki in joint third (score 139.9). Wellington in New Zealand (5), Minneapolis (6), Adelaide (7) and Copenhagen fill the next four slots, while Kobe, Oslo and Stockholm share ninth place. Vancouver is tied at seventeenth place. Port-au-Prince in Haiti ranks at the bottom of this table with a score of only Top 5 cities Worldwide Top 5 cities: Quality of living ranking Top 5 cities: Personal safety ranking Vienna, Austria (1st) Zurich, Switzerland (2nd) Auckland, New Zealand (3rd) Munich, Germany (4th) Vancouver, Canada (tied 5th) Düsseldorf, Germany (tied 5th) Luxembourg, Luxembourg(1st) Bern, Switzerland (tied 2nd) Helsinki, Finland (tied 2nd) Zurich, Switzerland (tied 2nd) Vienna, Austria (5th) Top 5 cities by Region Quality of living ranking Americas Asia Pacific Europe Middle East & Africa Vancouver (5th) Auckland (3rd) Vienna (1st) Dubai (74th) Ottawa (14th) Sydney (11th) Zurich (2nd) Abu Dhabi (78th) Toronto (15th) Wellington (13th) Munich (4th) Port Louis (82nd) Montreal (22nd) Melbourne (18th) Dusseldorf (5th) Cape Town (88th) Honolulu (29th) Perth (21st) Frankfurt (7th) Johannesburg (94th) 35

36 Personal safety ranking Americas Asia Pacific Europe Middle East & Africa Calgary (tied 17th) Singapore (8th) Luxembourg (1st) Abu Dhabi (23rd) Montreal (tied Auckland (tied 9th) Bern (tied 2nd) Muscat (29th) 17th) Wellington (tied 9th) Helsinki (tied 2nd) Dubai(39th) Ottawa (tied 17th) Canberra (tied 25th) Zurich (tied 2nd) Port Louis (59th) Toronto (tied 17th) Melbourne (tied Vienna (5th) Doha (67th) Vancouver (tied 25th) 17th) Perth (tied 25th) Sydney (tied 25th) Monocle s Liveable Cities Index Vancouver is ranked nineteenth. Since 2007, the lifestyle magazine Monocle has published an annual list of liveable cities. The list in 2009 was named "The Most Liveable Cities Index" and presented 25 top locations for quality of life. Important criteria in this survey are safety/crime, international connectivity, climate/sunshine, quality of architecture, public transportation, tolerance, environmental issues and access to nature, urban design, business conditions, pro-active policy developments and medical care. Monocle 28 states: This year Vancouver earned the distinction of the most expensive city in North America They are doing better on the transport side, pouring money into building cycle lanes and bus usage is on the rise Such an active city is desirable. Top 25 Cities 2012 Rank City 1 Zurich 2 Helsinki 3 Copenhagen 4 Vienna 5 Munich 6 Melbourne

37 Rank City 7 Tokyo 8 Sydney 9 Auckland 10 Stockholm 11 Kyoto 12 Fukuoka 13 Hong Kong 14 Paris 15 Singapore 16 Hamburg 17 Honolulu 18 Berlin 19 Vancouver 20 Madrid 21 Barcelona 22 Portland 23 San Francisco 24 Montréal 25 Geneva PWC Cities of Opportunity 2011 Vancouver is not listed. Cities of Opportunity , produced by PwC and the Partnership for New York City, makes its fourth analysis of the trajectory of 26 cities, all capitals of finance and, commerce and culture and through their performance, seeks to open a window on what makes cities function best. A great city is all about growing, retaining and attracting talent. Whether it's Stockholm with its strong education system or Toronto benefiting from its smart immigration policies, getting and keeping talent matters. They are measuring what makes a city successful. Success as they define it cuts across business opportunity, cultural opportunity, and education opportunity. Methodology Three key factors governed the cities chosen: 1. All are capital market centers (despite many other facets); 2. represent a broad geographic sampling; 29 PWC. Cities of Opportunity

38 3. reflect a balance between mature and emerging economies. In terms of data indicators, they constructed a robust sampling of variables. Each had to be: 1. relevant; 2. consistent across the sample; 3. publicly available and collectible; 4. current; 5. free from skewing and local nuances; and 6. truly reflective of a city s quality or power. Data in 2011 were normalized in most instances, minimizing the likelihood of a city doing well solely because of its size and historic strength. The 66 variables selected were divided into 10 indicator categories. Including: Transportation and Infrastructure, Intellectual Capital and Innovation, and Lifestyle Assets, each made up of smaller variables (within Lifestyle Assets: share of green space, skyline impact, hotel rooms). Scoring is engineered for transparency and simplicity for readers and comparability across cities. Because the study is based on publicly available data supported by extensive research, three main sources were used to collect the relevant data: Global multilateral development organizations such as the World Bank, national statistics organizations such as UK National Statistics and commercial data providers. In some cases, national data were used when consistent, verifiable local data were not. To make the study most usable and understandable, they avoided complex weighting schemes and treat each variable with equal importance. The 26 cities were sorted from best to worst performing in each variable, and then assigned a score from 26 (best) to 1 (worst). In the case of a tie, the cities were assigned the same score. Once ranked and scored, the variables were placed in their 10 indicator league tables that display relative performance of the 26 cities. Top 26 Cities 2011 Data Ranking City 1. New York 2. Seoul 3. Stockholm 4. San Francisco 5. Chicago 6. Singapore 7. Hong Kong 8. Los Angeles 9. Houston 10. Tokyo 38

39 11. London 12. Toronto 13. Paris 14. Moscow 15. Berlin 16. Shanghai 17. Sydney 18. Beijing 19. Madrid 20. Istanbul 21. Santiago 22. São Paulo 23. Abu Dhabi 24. Mexico City 25. Mumbai 26. Johannesburg Reputation Institute City RepTrak Vancouver is ranked first. Vancouver was voted the city with the world s best reputation by Reputation Institute s 2012 City RepTrak 30. The yearly study ranks the world s 100 most reputable cities by polling more than 18,000 people from the G8 countries. RepTrak destination studies dive deep into the emotional bond between stakeholders and destinations by quantifying the degree to which people Trust, Admire, Respect and have an Affinity for a city or country. Underlining a destination s RepTrak score are three dimensions that influence the perceptions of a destination. These dimensions: Advanced Economy, Appealing Environment and Effective Administration, are what drive a destination s reputation and stakeholder support. In the City RepTrak study, these three dimensions are further defined by 13 reputation attributes that participants in the study are asked to evaluate. These include the destinations perceived: beauty; safety; cultural offerings; infrastructure; business environment; schools and more. Vancouver and Sydney were the only cities to finish in the top 10 in all three of the aforementioned, reputation dimensions. Vancouver scored highest in administration and was recommended by poll participants as also the best place to live and work

40 Top 30 Cities 2012 Data Rank City 1 Vancouver 2 Vienna 3 Sydney 4 Copenhagen 5 Oslo 6 Barcelona 7 Florence 8 Venice 9 Stockholm 10 Melbourne 11 Paris 12 Munich 13 London 14 Osaka 15 San Francisco 16 Rome 17 Zurich 18 Geneva 19 Frankfurt 20 Edinburgh 21 Madrid 22 Toronto 23 Berlin 24 Auckland 25 Prague 26 Montreal 27 Helsinki 28 Tokyo 29 Lisbon 30 Dublin 40

41 Toronto Board of Trade - Toronto as a Global City: Scorecard on Prosperity 2012 Vancouver is ranked sixteenth. The Toronto Board of Trade 31 continues its examination of Toronto s economy and labour attractiveness, benchmarking the Toronto Census Metropolitan Area (CMA) against 23 other great metropolitan areas around the world, examining 33 indicators grouped into two domains: Economy and Labour Attractiveness. For this edition of the Scorecard, they have expanded the economic analysis on two fronts: 1. A focus on the North American economy based on the most current data available (2011) for eight indicators: 1. Real GDP per Capita 2. Real GDP growth 3. Productivity 4. Productivity growth 5. Income per capita 6. Income growth 7. Employment growth 8. Unemployment rate 2. An Economic Clusters lens is included, allowing for more in-depth consideration of Toronto s economic sub-structure, through a comparison of the performance of key clusters in the Toronto CMA with the same clusters in the other 11 North American metros. In total, ten clusters are examined. These ten clusters of economic activity are representative sample of manufacturing and service industries, rather than a comprehensive inventory of total economic activity. 1. Aerospace 2. Auto & Parts 3. Creative & Entertainment (Movie & sound recording, publishing, broadcasting, artists, writers & performers) 4. Energy (Mining, Utilities, Manufacturing etc.) 5. Finance 6. Food & Beverage 7. Bio-Pharma & Bio-Medical 8. Information & Communication Technology (ICT) (Information, Communication & Technology Manufacturing & Services) 9. Professional Services 10. Transportation & Logistics 31 Toronto Board of Trade. Toronto as a Global City: Scorecard on Prosperity

42 Scorecard on Prosperity 2011 Data 2011 Ranking City 1. Paris 2. San Francisco 3. London 4. Calgary 5. Toronto 6. Seattle 7. Boston 8. Oslo 9. Madrid 10. Barcelona 11. Tokyo 12. Sydney 13. Dallas 14. New York 15. Stockholm 16. Vancouver 17. Hong Kong 18. Montreal 19. Halifax 20. Chicago 21. Los Angeles 22. Milan 23. Shanghai 24. Berlin 42

43 Travel + Leisure s World s Best Cities Vancouver is ranked twenty seventh. Travel + Leisure 32 asked readers to vote in its 16th annual World s Best survey, rating worldwide cities in categories such as attractions, arts and culture, food, shopping, and value. The complete list of World s Best Cities for 2011 spans six continents and 24 time zones. Top 30 Cities 2011 Data Rank City 1 Bangkok 2 Florence 3 Rome 4 New York 5 Istanbul 6 Cape Town 7 Siem Reap 8 Sydney 9 Barcelona 10 Paris 11 Buenos Aires 12 Jerusalem 13 Charleston 14 Chicago 15 Kyoto 16 San Francisco 17 Vienna 18 Venice 19 Hong Kong 20 Santé Fe 21 Madrid 22 Siena, Italy 23 Seville, Spain 24 Cuzco, Peru 25 New Orleans 26 Savannah, GA 27 Vancouver 28 Prague 29 Melbourne 30 Bruges, Belgium

44 World City Survey Vancouver does not rank on this list. In 2011 the London based estate agent Knight Frank LLP together with the Citibank published a survey of world cities. The Wealth Report, 33 which includes the World City Survey, assesses four parameters economic activity, political power, knowledge and influence, and quality of life. The list aimed to rank the world's 40 most influential cities. New York tops the list in Economic activity, political power and knowledge and Paris tops it in quality of life. London and Paris get the same aggregate ranking of 149, making them de facto world's 2nd and 3rd most prominent cities. A map showing the distribution of the World City Survey (2011 data) 34 Top 20 Cities Rank City Best category 1 United States New York City Economic activity 2 United Kingdom London Economic activity 3 France Paris Quality of life 4 Japan Tokyo Economic activity 5 Belgium Brussels Political power 6 United States Los Angeles Knowledge and influence 7 Singapore Singapore Economic activity 8 China Beijing Political power 9 Canada Toronto Quality of life 10 Germany Berlin Quality of life 11 United States Chicago Knowledge and influence 12 United States Washington, D.C. Political power 13 South Korea Seoul Economic activity 14 Germany Frankfurt Quality of life