Name: Date: Pd. Unit 7 Practice Test

Transcription

1 Name: Date: Pd. Unit 7 Practice Test 1. The initial development of the steel industry was most significantly aided by the a. development of city skyscrapers b. emergence of the petroleum industry c. invention of Bessemer and open-hearth processes d. rapid expansion of the railroads e. significant increase in defense spending 2. Railroads contributed to the economic growth of the United States in all of the following ways except a. by providing mass transportation b. by encouraging diversified control of the transportation industries c. by increasing access to distant sources of raw materials d. by providing access to previously inaccessible markets e. by promoting investment in construction businesses 3. The combining of a number of firms engaged in the same business, such as the merging of many different petroleum drilling companies into one company, is an example of a. diversification b. amortization c. vertical integration d. horizontal integration e. Taylorism 4. By the end of the 1800s, the use of pools, trusts, and holding companies by big business resulted in a. a concentration of economic power in the hands of a few b. a slowing in the growth rate of the economy c. a more even distribution of wealth d. an increase in costs of production e. a safer work environment 5. The philosophy of Social Darwinism promoted the idea that a. all of the answers below b. left to itself, society would decay c. only the fittest individuals survived in a free marketplace d. the natural course of social evolution dictated the need for government intervention e. wealthy industrialists needed to make charitable donations 6. The Gospel of Wealth, as advanced by Andrew Carnegie, promoted the concept that people with wealth should a. use their resources to help society b. give aid directly to the poor c. devote time to the public welfare d. donate the bulk of their wealth to religious institutions e. subsidize the construction of Protestant churches

2 7. In the late 1800s, the new immigrants to eastern cities tended to come from a. northern and western Europe b. southern and eastern Europe c. Central and Latin America d. China and Southeast Asia e. South America and Asia 8. The outcome of the Pullman strike of 1894 indicated that the federal government would a. create an agency to deal with labor-management disputes b. be a fair mediator of disputes between management and labor c. intervene on the side of labor rather than management d. not intervene in disputes between management and labor e. intervene on the side of management rather than labor 9. The Haymarket Square Riot of 1886 was a. the outcome of a nationwide strike by the Knights of Labor against the railroads b. an indication to many members of the public that labor was riddled with radicals c. an isolated incident that did not affect most people s opinion of unions d. the result of President Cleveland sending in federal troops to break up a strike e. the cause of increased popularity for the Knights of Labor 10. In its efforts to help workers, the American Federation of Labor sought a. the acceptance of women into the labor force b. unions organized by industry, with unskilled workers included c. national legislation regarding collective bargaining d. short-term gains such as pay increases, the eight-hour day, and improved working conditions e. the gradual evolution of cooperative socialism 11. In the late 1800s, most of the foreign immigrants to the cities a. were quickly absorbed into the American culture b. returned home after a few disheartening years c. established close-knit ethnic communities d. soon moved to rural areas e. moved into new American suburbs in family groups 12. All of the following are factors that contributed to the development of cities except a. the need for cheap housing for the huge influx of immigrants b. the need for many cities to rebuild after devastating fires c. the attempt to build larger, more humane housing for the poor workers d. the development of transportation systems that allowed the well-to-do to move out of the inner city e. the rise of new technology 13. The population increase in the cities also caused a housing shortage, which was dealt with by a. building multi-storied housing b. building tenements c. creating suburbs d. developing skyscrapers

3 14. Jacob Riis s 1890 book How the Other Half Lives shocked middleclass Americans with its sensational description of a. the meat-packing industry b. lower-class slums c. middleclass bigotry d. upper-class decadence 15. The city machine and boss rule were created and continued to thrive because a. the authority of the city government was too strong b. immigrants needed services and employment c. the voter participation rate in most city elections was very low d. they utilized physical brutality against those who tried to unseat them e. the working class lacked voting rights 16. The rise of mass-consumption economy at the end of the 1800s led to a. the rise of chain stores b. the appearance of department stores and chain stores c. the development of large amounts of affordable products d. the creation of new merchandising techniques e. all of the answers below 17. The beginnings of popular culture in the late 1800s gave rise to all of the following forms of entertainment except a. vaudeville b. musical comedy c. radio d. movies e. professional baseball 18. The group of crusading journalists of the late 1800s and early 1900s who attacked corruption in business and government were called a. muckrakers b. Wobblies c. yellow journalists d. mugwumps e. scandal mongers 19. In the late 1800s, a group of Christian reformers started a movement that acquired the name of the Social Gospel. One organization that demonstrated the principles of this movement was the a. American Medical Association b. General Federation of Women s Clubs c. Tammany Hall d. Salvation Army e. Knights of Labor 20. Most progressive reformers advocated suffrage for women because they thought it would a. make it easier for women to get a divorce b. strengthen the forces of reform c. preserve the natural order to society d. automatically lead to equal rights for men and women e. reinforce traditional gender roles

4 21. The progressive measure that gave voters the right to remove a public official from office through special election was a. initiative b. referendum c. direct primary d. recall e. commission 22. The death toll in the Triangle Shirtwaist Fire was much higher than it should have been because a. an arsonist had deliberately set the fire to start at the worst possible time of the day b. union organizers started the fire in the exits in an attempt to take revenge against scab workers c. the management of the company had locked the emergency exits so that employees could not sneak away from work d. the company stored gasoline on the same floors as the working areas of the factory e. management refused to call the New York City fire department 23. The black leader who became the chief spokesman for the new civil rights movement and who helped to found the Niagara movement and the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People was a. Booker T. Washington b. W. E. B. Du Bois c. Alain Locke d. Frederick Douglass e. George Washington Carver 24. The president who became the most powerful symbol of the reform impulse at the national level was a. Theodore Roosevelt b. William Howard Taft c. Woodrow Wilson d. William McKinley e. Grover Cleveland 25. The Progressive movement switched emphasis from the state to the federal level because a. it encountered failure in tying to regulate business at the state level b. it wanted to expand its success in reforming state governments to the federal government c. the Supreme Court had overturned its state reforms d. the trusts had gained influence over Congress e. the federal government experienced a loss of power after President Teddy Roosevelt believed that corruption in big business could be controlled by a. destroying corporate power completely b. applying the pressure of an informed public c. breaking up all trusts d. allowing market forces to function e. extending suffrage rights

5 27. President Teddy Roosevelt s 1904 reform program was called the a. New Federalism b. New Frontier c. Fair Deal d. Square Deal e. New Deal 28. Support for the Meat Inspection Act of 1906 was generated by Upton Sinclair s novel, a. The Shame of the Cities b. Progress and Poverty c. The Jungle d. The Bitter Cry of Children e. How the Other Half Lives 29. During his first year in office, President Taft showed himself to be a. a charismatic and idealistic leader b. an aggressive reformer c. in tune with public opinion d. less progressive than some people had thought 30. In 1912, Teddy Roosevelt reacted to President Taft s actions by a. announcing his own candidacy b. supporting William La Follette c. supporting Woodrow Wilson d. supporting Taft for reelection e. announcing his conversion to socialism 31. Wilson won the election of 1912 because a. America split along ideological lines b. he won all of the debates c. Teddy Roosevelt became involved in a scandal d. Teddy Roosevelt and Taft split the Republican vote e. Teddy Roosevelt withdrew from the race 32. In its first two years, the Wilson administration persuaded Congress to pass legislation a. that took all of the following actions except b. creating an income tax c. regulating the banking industry d. establishing an agency to regulate trade e. lowering protective tariffs substantially f. instituting a series of new antitrust cases 33. The Federal Reserve System represented a. firm federal control over the banking industry b. an attempt to decentralize banking c. a compromise between public and private interests d. a means of instituting the subtreasury system e. an attempt to weaken the Bank of the United States

6 34. President Teddy Roosevelt s foreign policy was dominated by his belief that a. all peoples should be granted the right of self-determination b. it is the right and duty of civilized nations to intervene in the affairs of uncivilized nations for the common good c. only free trade can ensure a stable world economy d. the United States support of Japan in its rise as an industrialized world power would help ensure world peace e. isolation from foreign affairs would maintain prosperity at home 35. The Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine stated that a. European nations could use force to collect debts in Latin America b. the United States would not allow any new European investments in Latin America c. European ships would have to pay for the privilege of using the Panama Canal d. the United States could intervene in the internal affairs of Latin American nations to preserve stability e. free trade was no longer a major facet of American foreign policy 36. President Teddy Roosevelt secured the Canal Zone in Panama by a. engineering a Panamanian revolt against Colombia b. threatening Panama with the use of force c. negotiating a treaty with Colombia d. invading the capital of Colombia e. urging the English navy to attack Panama 37. The term Dollar Diplomacy refers to the a. efforts of the Taft administration to gain the support of small Latin American countries by paying off their debts b. paying of bribes to Latin American politicians c. policy of using investment to further U.S. economic interests in Latin America d. spreading of goodwill by U.S. tourists in the Caribbean e. creation of heavily regulated markets in Asia 38. The expansion of the United States in the late 1800s differed from that of earlier decades in that it involved a. an increasing importance on foreign trade b. islands, rather than areas adjacent to existing U.S. territory c. densely populated areas not suitable for massive new settlement d. possessions that few Americans expected to become states 39. To justify their policies, the new American expansionists of the late 1800s offered all of the following reasons except a. strong nations were destined by natural law to dominate weak ones b. the United States had a duty to spread its superior institutions to less civilized people c. the United States should try to create a community of nations to guarantee world peace d. a strong navy was the key to becoming a great nation, and colonies would serve as bases for such a navy e. selling goods in foreign nations would bolster the economy

7 40. The United States acquired the Hawaiian Islands as a result of all the following factors except a. American citizens developed a sugar industry in the islands b. the U.S. government built a naval station there c. Americans staged a revolution to depose the native rulers d. President Cleveland sent marines to ensure that nothing stopped annexation from taking place e. the domination of the Hawaiian economy by American settlers 41. The United States was finally pushed into war with Spain by all of the following developments except a. the American press printed a private letter of the Spanish ambassador that insulted the U.S. president b. an American battleship blew up in the harbor of Havana, Cuba c. Spain refused to negotiate with the Cuban rebels d. Cubans living in America stirred up support for a war e. Spain ignored U.S. diplomatic requests in regard to Cuba 42. The anti-imperialists of the 1890s opposed U.S. acquisition of an empire for all of the following reasons except a. the vast majority of Americans opposed such empire building b. acquiring Pacific territories would bring inferior Asian races into the nation as potential citizens c. an empire would require a large standing army and entangling foreign alliances d. imperialism was simply immoral, a repudiation of America s commitment to human freedom e. imperialism contradicted the republican foundations of the nation 43. In the Philippine War of 1898 to 1902, the United States a. easily put down the insurrection of a small minority of Filipino people b. with great difficulty suppressed a full-scale revolt that the majority of the Filipino people supported c. defended the islands against the attempt of the former Spanish rulers to retake them d. protected the inhabitants from the efforts of the Japanese to take over the islands e. emerged as freedom fighters in the minds of most Filipinos 44. The United States suggested the Open Door policy for China to a. promote the economic ideal of free markets b. keep the great powers from completely destroying China by dividing it among themselves c. allow U.S. merchants to trade in China without the interference of foreign governments d. achieve a foreign policy victory without using military force 45. The newspapers of Pulitizer and Hearst in the 1890 s a. used their own pool of reporters as well as well-known authors of the day. b. created sensationalist reports often called Yellow journalism. c. sometimes not only reported the news, but created the situations for their stories. d. were excluded from some schools, libraries, and clubs.

8 46. Although the United States proclaimed neutrality at the start of World War I, Americans were not completely impartial because a. exaggerated reports circulated about German atrocities in Belgium b. Irish-Americans hated the Germans c. the United States and Germany had similar political ideals d. the German government threatened to cut off trade with the United States e. American citizens in Turkey had been murdered 47. Before he could ask for a Declaration of War against Germany in 1917, Wilson needed a. proof of German atrocities in Belgium b. a justification that would unify public opinion behind him c. a period of waiting while U.S. forces prepared for war d. a formal request for U.S. troops from the government of France e. a recovery from the recession that plagued the United States 48. During World War I, the status of African-Americans changed in all of the following ways except a. thousands moved from the rural South and found jobs in Northern industrial cities b. thousands served in the armed forces, some in combat in Europe c. the patriotism of wartime temporarily diminished the racism that usually afflicted them d. tensions developed between rural blacks and urban blacks over cultural differences e. they were able to see other societal models in places such as France 49. The war economy exhibited all of the following characteristics except a. the war boards worked in partnership with industry to increase corporate profits b. labor unions cooperated in the effort and received important concessions in return c. some industries performed well, but many met only a small fraction of wartime needs d. the head of the War Industries Board functioned as an all-powerful czar of American industry e. the war boards revealed the strengths of a managed economy 50. The government used the Espionage Act of 1917 and the Sedition Act as an excuse to a. arrest Socialist leader Eugene Debs b. ban opposition groups from using the U.S. mail c. eliminate public criticism of the president d. crack down on the Socialist party and the I.W.W.