Recalling the Mini-Debates of Philadelphia
|
|
- Hester Wiggins
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Name: A More Perfect Union: The Constitutional Recalling the Mini-Debates of Philadelphia JnstrLzcfjons.. The convention that took place in Philadelphia in the spring and summer of 1787 addressed the problems of the Articles of Confederation. As part of that effort, the delegates examined a variety of issues. The Constitution that they proposed did not emerge from a single, focused discussion, but was instead the product of a series of minidebates. In this exercise, you will help bring those debates back to life. Imagine that you are a delegate to the Philadelphia convention. You and fifty-four other delegates have come to the United States' largest city, crowded with forty-five thousand people, to represent your respective states. You and your fellow delegates generally support the strengthening of the national government, the establishment of a two-house legislature, and the addition of executive and judicial branches of government. Beyond that, however, there are clear divisions. With each passing week, the disagreements seem to sharpen. The ten questions below are among the issues that are most vigorously debated. 1. How should members of the lower house of Congress be elected? 2. What should be done about the slave trade? 3. How should the proposed Constitution be considered for rcltiftcation? 4. How should the power of the executive branch be structured? 5. Which govemmental body or bodies should have the power to declare war? 6. How should the states be represented in the national legislature? 7. What should be the national government's role in issuing paper money? 8. What should be the extent of executive veto power? 9. How should the national and state governments divide power? 10. Should enslaved people be counted in determining representation in the national legislature? Your teacher will assign your group two issues to examine and each group member a position or two to defend. Your group's assignment is to re-enact the debates that took place in 1787 on the two issues. Each member of your group will be expected to defend at least one position. You should develop the strongest possible case for the position you have been given. Your arguments should reflect the values, interests, and attitudes of the delegates. To help you present your position, you will receive excerpts from James Madison's recollections of the arguments that were made by delegates to the Philadelphia convention. The excerpts are taken from the notes of James Madison. Include the excerpts in your arguments. Be prepared to share your own views on the issues with your classmates. It is important to keep in mind that these excerpts are not direct quotations from the delegates but rather are direct quotations from James Madison's notes. The names that you see listed on top signify who Madison was quoting. \/\/WW.CHOICES.EDU. WATSON INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL AND PuBLIC AFFAIRS, BROWN UNIVERSITY. THE CHOICES PROGRAM
2 A More Perfect Union: The Constitutional Name: The Mini-Debates of Philadelphia (Issue 1) Issue 1-How should members of the lower house of Congress be elected? Position A: The state legislatures should elect members of the lower house. Roger Sherman, Connecticut, June 7, 1787 "Mr. Sh[e]rman opposed elections by the people in districts, as not likely to produce such fit men as elections by State legislatures." Elbridge Gerry Massachusetts, May 31,1787 "Mr. Gerry. The evils we experience flow from the excess of democracy. The people do not want virtue, but are the dupes of pretended patriots. In Massts. it has been fully confirmed by experience that they are daily misled into the most baneful measures and opinions by the false reports circulated by designing men, and which no one on the spot can refute. " Position 8: Citizens qualified to vote in elections for the state legislatures should elect members of the lower house. George Mason, Virgin.Ia, May 31,1787 "Mr. Mason argued strongly for an election of the larger branch by the people. It was to be the grand depository of the democratic principle of the Govtt... It ought to know & sympathise with every part of the community... We ought to attend to the rights of every class of the people." Position C: Citizens owning land should elect members of the lower house, James Wilson, Pennsylvania, May 31,1787 "No government could long subsist without the confidence of the people... He also thought it wrong to increase the weight of the State Legislatures by making them the electors of the national Legislature..,. On examination it would be found that the opposition of the States to federal measures has proceded much more from the officers of the States, then from the people at large." John Dickinson, Pennsylvania, August 7, 1787 "Mr. DICKINSON. had a very different idea of the tendency of vesting the right of suffrage in the freeholders of the Country. He considered them as the best guardians of liberty; And the restl.iction of the right to them as a necessary defence agst. the dangerous influence of those multitudes without property & without principle with which our Country like all others, will in time abound." Gouverneur Morris, Pennsylvania, August 7, 1787 "Give the votes to people who have no property, and they will sell them to the rich who will be able to buy them." James Madison, Virginia, August 7, 1787 "Viewing the subject in its merits alone, the freeholders of the Country would be the safest depositories of Republican liberty." THE CHOICES PROGRAM. WATSON INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL AND PUBLIC AFFAIRS, BROWN UNIVERSITY.
3 Name: A More Perfect Union: The Constitutional The Mini-Debates of Philadelphia (Issues 2 & 3) Issue 2-What should be done about the slave trade? Position A: The slave trade should be abolished. Gouverneur Morris, Pennsylvania, August 8, 1787 "It was the curse of heaven on the States where it prevailed. Compare the free regions of the Middle States, where a rich & noble cultivation marks the prosperity & happiness of the people, with the misery & poverty which overspread the barren wastes of Va. Maryd. & the other States having slaves... The admission of slaves into the Representation when fairly explained comes to this: that the inhabitant of Georgia and S. C. who goes to the Coast of Africa, and in defiance of the most sacred laws of humanity tears away his fellow creatures from their dearest connections & damns them to the most cruel bondages, shall have more votes in a Govt. instituted for protection of the rights of mankind, than the Citizen of Pa. or N. Jersey who views with a laudable horror, so nefarious a practice. He would add that Domestic slavery is the most prominent feature in the aristocratic countenance of the proposed Constitution. The vassalage of the poor has ever been the favorite offspring of Aristocracy." Position 8: The national government should not interfere with the slave trade. Oliver EIlsworth, Connecticut, August 21, 1787 "Mr. ELSEWORTH was for leaving the clause as it stands. let every State import what it pleases. The morality or wisdom of slavery are considerations belonging to the States themselves. What enriches a part enriches the whole, and the States are the best judges of their particular interest. " Charles Pinckney South Carolina, August 22, 1787 "South Carolina can never receive the plan if it prohibits the slave trade. In every proposed extension of the powers of the Congress, that State has expressly & watchfully excepted that of meddling with the importation of negroes. If the States be all left at liberty on this subject, S. Carolina may perhaps by degrees do of herself what is wished, as Virginia & Maryland have already done." John Rutledge, South Carolina, August 22, 1787 "Religion & humanity had nothing to do with this question. Interest alone is the governing principle with nations." Issue 3-How should the proposed Constitution be considered for ratification? Position A: The Constitution should be ratified by the state legislatures. Roger Sherman, Connecticut, June 5, 1787 "Mr. SHERMAN thought such a popular ratification unnecessary: the articles of Confederation providing for changes and alterations with the alssent of Gongs. and ratification of State Legislatures. " Elbridge Gerry Massachusetts, June 5, 1787 "Mr. GERRY observed that in the Eastern States the Confedn. had been sanctioned by the people themselves. He seemed afraid of referring the new system to them. The peo )le in that quarter have at this time the wildest ideas of Government in the world. " Position 8: The Constitution should be ratified by the citizens of each state. James Madison, V.Irginia, June 5, 1787 "Mr. MADISON thought this provision essential. The articles of Confedn. themselves were defective in this respect, resting in many of the States on the Legislative sanction only... For these reasons as well as others he thought it indispensable that the new Constitution should be ratified in the most unexceptionable form, and by the supreme authority of the people themselves." W\/\/W.CHOICES.EDU. WATSON INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL AND PUBLIC AFFAIRS, BROWN UNIVERSITY. THE CHOICES PROGRAM
4 A More Perfect Union: The Constitutional Name: The Mini-Debates of Philadelphia (Issues 4 & 5) Issue 4-How should the power of the executive branch be structured? Position A: An elected president should serve for life. Alexander Hamilton, New York, June 18, 1787 "The English model was the only good one on this subject. The Hereditary interest of the King was so interwoven with that of the Nation, and his personal emoluments so great, that he was placed above the danger of being corrupted from abroad-and at the same time was both sufficiently independent and sufficiently controuled, to answer the purpose of the institution at home. one of the weak sides of Republics was their being liable to foreign influence & corruption... Let the Executive also be for life." Position 8: Executive power should be divided among several men. Edmund Randolph, Virginia, June 1, 1787 "Mr. RANDOLPH strenuously opposed a unity in the Executive magistracy..,. He could not see why the great requisites for the Executive department, vigor, despatch & responsibility could not be found in three men, as well as in one man. The Executive ought to be independent. It ought therefore in order to support its independence to consist of more than one." Issue 5-Which governmental body should Position A: The Senate and House together should have the power to declare war. George Mason, August 17, 1787 "Mr. MASON was agst. giving the power of war to the Executive, because not safely to be trusted with it; or to the Senate, because not so constructed as to be entitled to it. He was for clogging rather than facilitating war... " Elbridge Gerry August 17, 1787 "Mr. GERRY never expected to hear in a republic a motion to empower the Executive alone to declare war." Position C: The executive should be appointed by and responsible to the national legislature. Roger Sherman, Connecticut, June 1, 1787 "Mr. SHERMAN said he considered the Executive magistracy as nothing more than an institution for carrying the will of the Legislature into effect, that the person or persons ought to be appointed by and accountable to the Legislature only, which was the depositary of the supreme will of the Society. As they were the best judges of the business which ought to be done by the Executive department, and consequently of the number necessary from time to time for doing it, he wished the number might not be fixed but that the legislature should be at liberty to appoint one or more as experience might dictate." Position D: A national leader should be elected by the people for a fixed term. James Wilson, Pennsylvania, June 2,1787 "He would say however at least that in theory he was for an election by the people. Experience, particularly in N. York & Massts., shewed that an election of the first magistrate by the people at large, was both a convenient & successful mode." have the power to declare war? Position 8: The Senate should have the power to declare war. Charles Pinckney August 17, 1787 "Mr. PINKNEY opposed the vesting this power in the Legislature. Its proceedings were too slow... The Senate would be the best depositary, being more acquainted with foreign affairs, and most capable of proper resolutions." Position C: The president should have the power to declare war. Pierce Butler, August 17, 1787 "He was for vesting the power in the President, who will have all the requisite qualities, and will not make war but when the Nation will support it." THE CHOICES PROGRAM. \/\/ATSON INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL AND PUBLIC AFFAIRS, BROWN UNIVERSITY. \/V\/\/W.CHOICES.EDU
5 Name: A More Perfect Union: The Constitutional The Mini-Debates of Philadelphia (Issue 6) Issue 6-How should the states be represented in the national legislature? Position A: Representation in both houses should be based strictly on population. James W.Ilson, Pennsylvania, June 9, 1787 " [Mr. Wilson] entered elaborately into the defence of a proportional representation, stating for his first position that as all authority was derived from the people, equal numbers of peo )le ought to have an equal no. of representatives, and different numbers of people different numbers of representatives. This principle had been improperly violated in the Confederation, owing to the urgent circumstances of the time. As to the case of A. & a, stated by Mr. Patterson, he observed that in districts as large as the States, the number of people was the best measure of their comparative wealth. Whether therefore wealth or numbers were to form the ratio it would be the same.,, James Madison, Virginia, May 30, 1787 ``Mr. MADISON observed that whatever reason might have existed for the equality of suffrage when the Union was a federal one among sovereign States, it must cease when a national Govermt. should be put into the place. In the former case, the acts of Gongs. depended so much for their efficacy on the cooperation of the States, that these had a weight both within & without Congress, nearly in proportion to their extent and importance. In the latter case, as the acts of the Genl. Govt. would take effect without the intervention of the State legislatures, a vote from a small State wd. have the same efficacy & importance as a vote from a large one, and there was the same reason for different numbers of representatives from different States, as from Counties of different extents within particular States. " Position 8: All states should have equal representation in the national legislature. Gunning Bed ford, Delaware, June 30, 1787 "Their cry is, where is the danger, and they insist that although the powers of the general government will be increased, yet it will be for the good of the whole, and although the three great states form nearly a majority of the people of America, they never will hurt or injure the lesser states. I do not, gentlemen, trust you. If you possess the power, the abuse of it could not be checked, and what then would prevent you from exercising it to our destruction. Position C: Eliminate state boundaries and create thirteen new units with equal population, each having an equal vote in the legislature. William Paterson, New Jersey June 9, 1787 "Mr. Patterson considered the I)roposition for a proportional representation as striking at the existence of the lesser States... A confederacy supposes sovereignty in the members composing it & sovereignty supposes equality. If we are to be considered as a nation, all State distinctions must be abolished, the whole must be thrown into hotchpot, and when an equal division is made, then there may be fairly an equality of representation. " David Brearly, New Jersey June 9, 1787 "The substitution of a ratio, he admitted carried fairness on the face of it; but on a deeper examination was unfair and unjust. Judging of the disparity of the States by the quota of Gongs. Virga. would have 16 votes, and Georgia but one. A like proportion to the others will make the whole number ninity. There will be 3. large states, and 10 small ones. The large States by which he meant Massts. Pena. & Virga. will carry every thing before them... What remedy then? One only, that a map of the U. S. be spread out, that all the existing boundaries be erased, and that a new partition of the whole be made into 13 equal parts." WW\/\/.CHOICES.EDU I WATSON INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL AND PUBLIC AFFAIRS, BROWN UNIVERSITY. THE CHOICES PROGRAM
6 A More Perfect Union: The Constitutional Name: The Mini-Debates of Philadelphia (Issues 7 & 8) Issue 7-What should be the national government's role in issuing paper money? Position A: The national government should not be able to issue paper money. Oliver EIIsworth, Connecticut, August 16, 1787 "Mr. ELSEWORTH thought this a favorable moment to shut and bar the door against paper money. The mischiefs of the various experiments which had been made, were now fresh in the public mind and had excited the disgust of all the respectable part of America... Paper money can in no case be necessary. The power may do harm, never good." James Wilson, Pennsylvania, August 16, 1787 "Mr. WILSON. It will have a most salutary influence on the credit of the U. States to remove the possibility of paper money. This expedient can never succeed whilst its mischiefs are remembered, and as long as it can be resorted to, it will be a bar to other resources." Pierce Butler, South Carolina, August 16, 1787 "Mr. BUTLER. remarked that paper was a legal tender in no Country in Europe. He was urgent for disarming the Government of such a power." Position 8: The national government should not be forbidden to issue paper money. George Mason, Virginia, August 16,1787 "MASON had doubts on the subject. Gongs. he thought would not have the power unless it were expressed. Though he had a mortal hatred to paper money, yet as he Could not foresee all emergences, he was unwilling to tie the hands of the Legislature. He observed that the late war could not have been carried on, had such a prohibition existed." John Mercer, Maryland, August 16, 1787 "Mr. MERGER was a friend to paper money, though in the present state & temper of America, he should neither propose nor approve of such a measure. He was consequently opposed to a prohibition of it altogether. It will stamp suspicion on the Government to deny it a discretion on this point." Issue 8-What should be the extent of executive veto power? Position A: The national legislature should not have the power to override an executive veto. James Wilson, Pennsylvania, June 4, 1787 "The Executive ought to have an absolute negative. Without such a self-defense the Legislature can at any moment sink it into non-existence. " Position 8: The national legislature should have the power to override an executive veto. Benjamin Franklin, Pennsylvania, June 4, 1787 "The negative of the Governor was constantly made use of to extort money. No good law whatever could be passed without a private bargain with him... He was afraid, if a negative should be given as proposed, that more power and money would be demanded, till at last eno' would be gotten to influence & bribe the Legislature into a compleat subjection to the will of the Executive." Roger Sherman, Connecticut, June 4, 1787 "Mr. SHERMAN was agst. enabling any one man to stop the will of the whole. No one man could be found so far above all the rest in wisdom. He thought we ought to avail ourselves of his wisdom in revising the laws, but not permit him to overule the decided and cool opinions of the Legislature." Gunning Bed ford, Delaware, June 4, 1787 "Mr. BEDFORD was opposed to every check on the Legislative... He thought it would be sufficient to mark out in the Constitution the boundaries to the Legislative Authority." THE CHOICES PROGRAM I WATSON INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL AND PUBLIC AFFAIRS, BROWN UNIVERSITY.
7 Name: A More Perfect Union: The Constitutional The Mini-Debates of Philadelphia (Issue 9) Issue 9-How should the national and state governments divide power? Position A: To be effective, the national government should deprive the state governments of power. George Read, Delaware, June 6, 1787 "Mr. READ. Too much attachment is betrayed to the State Governts. We must look beyond their continuance. A national Govt. must soon of necessity swallow all of them up. They will soon be reduced to the mere office of electing the National Senate. He was agst. patching up the old federal System: he hoped the idea wd. be dismissed. It would be like putting new cloth on an old garment. The confederation was founded on temporary principles. It cannot last: it cannot be amended. If we do not establish a good Govt. on new principles, we must either go to ruin, or have the work to do over again. The people at large are wrongly suspected of being averse to a Genl. Govt. The aversion lies among interested men who possess their confidence." power was indispensably necessary to render it effectual; that the States must be kept in due subordination to the nation; that if the States were left to act of themselves in any case, it wd. be impossible to defend the national prerogatives..." Position 8: The power of the national government should be limited and the remainder should belong to the states. Roger Sherman, Connecticut, June 6, 1787 "The objects of the Union, he thought were few.1. defence agst. foreign danger. 2 agst. internal disputes & a resort to force. 3. Treaties with foreign nations. 4 regulating foreign commerce, & drawing revenue from it. These & perhaps a few lesser objects alone rendered a Confederation of the States necessary. All other matters civil & criminal would be much better in the hands of the States." Gouverneur Morris, Pennsylvania, May 30, 1787 "Mr. Govr. MORRIS explained the distinction between a federal and national, supreme, Govt.; the former being a mere compact resting on the good faith of the parties; the latter having a compleat and compulsive operation. He contended that in all Communities there must be one supreme power, and one only." Charles Pinckney South Carolina, June 8, 1787 "He urged that such a universality of the John Dickinson, Delaware, June 2, 1787 "The division of the Country into distinct States formed the other principal source of stability. This division ought therefore to be maintained, and considerable powers to be left with the States." Elbridge Gerry Massachusetts, June 8, 1787 "The Natl. Legislature with Such a power may enslave the States. Such an idea as this will never be acceded to." WATSON INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL AND PUBLIC AFFAIRS, BROWN UNIVERSITY. THE CHOICES PROGRAM
8 A More Perfect Union: The Constitutional Part 1= The Constitutional Convention Name: The Mini-Debates of Philadelphia (Issue 10) Issue 10-Should enslaved people be counted in determining representation in the national legislature? Position A: Enslaved people should be counted in determining representation. Pierce Butler and Charles Pinckney South Carolina, July 11,1787 "M. BUTLER & Genl. PINKNEY insisted that blacks be included in the rule of Representation, equally with the Whites. " Pierce Butler, South Carolina, July 11, 1787 "Mr. BUTLER insisted that the labour of a slave in S. Carola. was as productive & valuable as that of a freeman in Massts., that as wealth was the great means of defence and utility to the Nation they were equally valuable to it with freemen; and that consequently an equal representation ought to be allowed for them in a Government which was instituted principally for the protection of property, and was itself to be supported by property." Position 8: Enslaved people should not be counted in determining representation. William Paterson, New Jersey July 9, 1787 "He could regard negroes slaves in no light but as property. They are no free agents, have no personal liberty, no faculty of acquiring property, but on the contrary are themselves property, & like other property entirely at the will of the Master. Has a man in Virga. a number of votes in proportion to the number of his slaves? And if Negroes are not represented in the States to which they belong, why should they be represented in the Genl. Govt. What is the true principle of Representation? It is an expedient by which an assembly of certain individls. chosen by the people is substituted in place of the inconvenient meeting of the people themselves. If such a meeting of the people was actually to take place, would the slaves vote? They would not. Why then shd. they be represented." George Mason, Virginia, July 11, 1787 "He could not however regard them as equal to freemen and could not vote for them as such. He added as worthy of remark, that the Southern States have this peculiar species of property, over & above the other species of property common to all the States." THE CHOICES PROGRAM. WATSON INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL AND PUBLIC AFFAIRS, BROWN UNIVERSITY I
Do not copy, post, or distribute. Ladies and gentlemen, the presidents of the United States. JAMES MADISON S NOTES OF THE FEDERAL CONVENTION* (1787)
CHAPTER 1 JAMES MADISON S NOTES OF THE FEDERAL CONVENTION* (1787) Ladies and gentlemen, the presidents of the United States. A typographical error, right? Not if certain delegates to the Constitutional
More informationDocument Based Essay Grade 7 The Constitution
Document Based Essay Grade 7 The Constitution Directions: The following question is based on the accompanying documents (1-5). This question is designed to test your ability to work with historic documents.
More informationCreating Our. Constitution. Key Terms. delegates equal representation executive federal system framers House of Representatives judicial
Lesson 2 Creating Our Constitution Key Terms delegates equal representation executive federal system framers House of Representatives judicial What You Will Learn to Do Explain how the Philadelphia Convention
More informationCreating the Constitution
Creating the Constitution Constitutional Convention Philadelphia 1787 Met in Secret Goal: Alter or abolish fix the old system or create a new one Needed to tweak the articles Focus of Convention Meeting
More informationThe MAKING of the CONSTITUTION
The MAKING of the CONSTITUTION Americans fought hard to win their freedom. But could they find a way to govern themselves? CAST Sarah Bache, Benjamin Franklin's daughter The delegates: William Davie, North
More informationConstitutional Convention
Constitutional Convention I INTRODUCTION Constitutional Convention, meeting during the summer of 1787 at which delegates from 12 states wrote the Constitution of the United States. At the convention in
More informationChapter 25 Section 1. Section 1. Terms and People
Chapter 25 Terms and People republic a government in which the people elect their representatives unicameral legislature a lawmaking body with a single house whose representatives are elected by the people
More informationTEACHING AMERICAN HISTORY PROJECT Lesson Title -The Constitutional Convention- Role-Playing Kyra Kasperson
Grade 7 TEACHING AMERICAN HISTORY PROJECT Lesson Title -The Constitutional Convention- Role-Playing Kyra Kasperson Length of class period Two 42-minute periods Inquiry What were the opposing views regarding
More informationCreating the Constitution 2.2, 2.3, 2.4
Creating the Constitution 2.2, 2.3, 2.4 Struggle for Government The creation and signing of the Declaration of Independence did not create a government The founding fathers had many problems Declaration
More informationThe Electoral College: A Scripted Conversation
The Electoral College: A Scripted Conversation Rick Kelm Ripon High School Ripon, WI Introduction One of the most difficult and contentious issues in the Constitutional Convention of 1787 was provisions
More informationCONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION
CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION Objectives Why did the Constitutional Convention draft a new plan for government? How did the rival plans for the new government differ? What other conflicts required the Framers
More informationBILL OF RIGHTS TERMS. 1. U.S. Constitution 6. Ratify 2. Amendment 7. Petition 3. Citizen 8. Warrant 4. Quartering 9. Due Process 5. Jury 10.
BILL OF RIGHTS TERMS 1. U.S. Constitution 6. Ratify 2. Amendment 7. Petition 3. Citizen 8. Warrant 4. Quartering 9. Due Process 5. Jury 10. Prohibit A More Perfect Union Chart Person Who What Significance
More informationCreators of the Constitution
Creators of the Constitution After the Revolutionary War, the thirteen former colonies joined together and in November 1777 formed a new government that was bound by an agreement called the Articles of
More informationOrganization & Agreements
Key Players Key Players Key Players George Washington unanimously chosen to preside over the meetings. Benjamin Franklin now 81 years old. Gouverneur Morris wrote the final draft. James Madison often called
More informationTHE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES
THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES Presented by Amendment Avenger CONSTITUTIONAL HISTORY The Declaration of Independence Articles of Confederation Critical Period Declaration of Independence Taxation
More informationThe Constitutional Convention formed the plan of government that the United States still has today.
2 Creating the Constitution MAIN IDEA The states sent delegates to a convention to solve the problems of the Articles of Confederation. WHY IT MATTERS NOW The Constitutional Convention formed the plan
More informationTEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Articles of Confederation. Essential Question:
Articles of Confederation Essential Question: Why was the central government s power too weak under the Articles of Confederation? Objectives Discuss the ideas that guided the new state governments. Describe
More informationA More Perfect Union. Chapter 7 Lesson 1 The Articles of Confederation
A More Perfect Union Chapter 7 Lesson 1 The Articles of Confederation 1. Eleven of the thirteen states adopted state constitutions. Connecticut and Rhode Island kept its colonial charter as its constitution
More informationChapter 5, Section 3 Creating the Constitution. Pages
Chapter 5, Section 3 Creating the Constitution Pages 163-168 It didn t take long for people to realize that the Articles of Confederation had many weaknesses. By the mid-1780s most political leaders agreed
More information2:Forging a New Constitution. Essential Question How do new ideas change the way people live?
2:Forging a New Constitution Essential Question How do new ideas change the way people live? The Need for Change Bold action helped the nation overcome the serious shortcomings of the Articles of Confederation.
More informationThe Convention Leaders
The Convention Leaders When Thomas Jefferson heard who was attending the Constitutional Convention, he called it an assembly of demigods because the members were so rich in education and political experience.
More informationConvention. Guide to Reading
Convention and Compromise Main Idea The new Constitution corrected the weaknesses of government under the Articles of Confederation. Key Terms depression, manumission, proportional, compromise 1784 Rhode
More informationUS History, Ms. Brown Website: dph7history.weebly.com
Course: US History/Ms. Brown Homeroom: 7th Grade US History Standard # Do Now Day #70 Aims: SWBAT understand and explain the debate over representation SWBAT identify and explain the Virginia Plan and
More informationThe Constitutional Convention. Chapter 2 Section 4
The Constitutional Convention Chapter 2 Section 4 Constitutional Convention May 1787 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 74 delegates allowed, 55 attended, 39 signed final Delegates to the Convention Had lots of
More informationBy the mid-1780s many people in the United States recognized that the Articles of
Constitutional Convention By the mid-1780s many people in the United States recognized that the Articles of Confederation were not taking the country in a desirable direction. Because of this, a convention
More informationConstitution/Bill of Rights,
Constitution/Bill of Rights, 1787-1791 In every organized society, important ideas and ways of acting are closely related to three questions: Who should govern? What should government do? What should government
More informationCREATING A GOVERNMENT
Let us not be afraid to view with a steady eye the dangers with which we are surrounded. Are we not on the eve of a war, which is only to be prevented by the hopes from this convention? CREATING A GOVERNMENT
More informationWednesday, February 15 th
Anticipating Constitutional Reform 1 Wednesday, February 15 th Midterm #1: February 14-17 in the Testing Center Monday and Tuesday: No late fee Wednesday: $5 late fee Thursday: $7 late fee and test must
More informationSource: Page 1
About the Signers On September 17, 1787, the Constitutional Convention came to a close in the Assembly Room of Independence Hall in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. There were seventy individuals chosen to
More informationSTANDARD: CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION. Philadelphia, PA- May 25-September 17, 1787
STANDARD: 8-3.2 CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION Philadelphia, PA- May 25-September 17, 1787 Let s Think? Reasons for a Convention Called to address problems in governing the U.S. In 1787- U.S. was operating
More informationDISCUSSION QUESTIONS Decision in Philadelphia
Preface 1. Of all he riches of human life, what is the most highly prized? 2. What do the authors find dismaying about American liberty? a. What are the particulars of this argument? 3. Why have the authors
More informationFederalist 55 James Madison
FEDERALIST 319 Federalist James Madison Under the Constitution s original formula, the House would have sixtyfive members. This number was too small according to Anti-Federalists. Publius employs a number
More informationChapter 3 Constitution. Read the article Federalist 47,48,51 & how to read the Constitution on Read Chapter 3 in the Textbook
Chapter 3 Constitution Read the article Federalist 47,48,51 & how to read the Constitution on www.pknock.com Read Chapter 3 in the Textbook The Origins of a New Nation Colonists from New World Escape from
More informationLesson 13 Writing and Ratifying the Constitution
Lesson 13 Writing and Ratifying the Constitution Doct r. FRANKLIN looking towards the Presidents Chair, at the back of which a rising sun happened to be painted, observed to a few members near him, that
More informationHear Ye, Hear Ye-Did you hear Me?
Hear Ye, Hear Ye-Did you hear Me? A lesson plan for grade 8 History 21 st Century Interdisciplinary Theme: Civic Literacy By: Denise C. Dooley of Albemarle Road Middle School, Charlotte, NC This lesson
More informationOnce a year, each state would select a delegation to send to the capital city.
In November 1777, the Continental Congress adopted the Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union. This was a plan for a loose union of the states under Congress. Once a year, each state would select
More informationConstitutional Convention
2014 Delegates Remember a delegate is someone who is chosen to speak for others, or to represent them. The delegates represented each of the states and consisted of: Wealthy and educated landowners, business
More informationThe Constitution. Karen H. Reeves
The Constitution Karen H. Reeves Toward a New Union Annapolis Convention (Sept. 1786) Met to determine commercial regulation Nationalists called for Constitutional Convention Constitutional Convention
More informationVUS. 5 (pt.1): Building a New Nation: The Constitutional Convention
Name: Date: Period: VUS 5 (pt1): Building a New Nation: The Constitutional Convention Notes US 5 (pt1): Building a New Nation: The Constitutional Convention 1 Objectives about VUS5: Building a New Nation
More informationAMENDMENTS AND RATIFICATION
CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION SIMULATION AMENDMENTS AND RATIFICATION TIME AND GRADE LEVEL One 45 or 50 minute class period in a Grade 9-12 US history, civics, or government course. PURPOSE AND CRITICAL ENGAGEMENT
More informationBasic Concepts of Government The English colonists brought 3 ideas that loom large in the shaping of the government in the United States.
Civics Honors Chapter Two: Origins of American Government Section One: Our Political Beginnings Limited Government Representative government Magna Carta Petition of Right English Bill of Rights Charter
More informationAP American Government
AP American Government WILSON, CHAPTER 2 The Constitution OVERVIEW The Framers of the Constitution sought to create a government capable of protecting liberty and preserving order. The solution they chose
More informationbut given the customs of the time touching personal honor, it made perfect sense. by Charles Wilson
3 A New Constitution How are you today, my dear General! W ith these words, Gouverneur Morris greeted General George Washington, after slapping him genially on the back. Morris, a Pennsylvania delegate
More informationAMENDMENTS AND RATIFICATION
CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION SIMULATION AMENDMENTS AND RATIFICATION TIME AND GRADE LEVEL One 45 or 50 minute class period in a Grade 9-12 US history, civics, or government course. PURPOSE AND CRITICAL ENGAGEMENT
More informationRead the Federalist #47,48,& 51 How to read the Constitution In the Woll Book Pages 40-50
Read the Federalist #47,48,& 51 How to read the Constitution In the Woll Book Pages 40-50 The Origins of a New Nation Colonists from New World Escape from religious persecution Economic opportunity Independent
More informationConstitutional Convention. May 1787
Constitutional Convention May 1787 Annapolis Convention September 11 to September 14, 1786 Annapolis, Maryland Purpose - How to fix the articles of confederation Alexander Hamilton (New York) MUST resolve
More informationJames Madison's Defense of the Constitution at the Virginia Convention (1788)
James Madison's Defense of the Constitution at the Virginia Convention (1788) James Madison, a slight, soft-spoken, and studious man well versed in history, philosophy, and law, was a principal advocate
More informationFoundations of American Government
Foundations of American Government Formation of the first governments of the 13 colonies Highly Influenced by: - Contracts, Juries, stare decisis English Tradition Natural rights: Consent of the governed:
More informationUnder these impressions, it has been my object to turn your attention to the principal defects in this system.
Brutus III Brutus November 15, 1787 To the Citizens of the State of New-York. In the investigation of the constitution, under your consideration, great care should be taken, that you do not form your opinions
More informationPlease note: Each segment in this Webisode has its own Teaching Guide
Please note: Each segment in this Webisode has its own Teaching Guide The Articles of Confederation created a union in which the states had the power to pursue their own self-interests, and the central
More informationThe year 1987 marks the 200th anniversary of the United. Reflections on the Bicentennial of the United States Constitution.
SPEECH Reflections on the Bicentennial of the United States Constitution Thurgood Marshall SCAN FOR MULTIMEDIA About the Author Thurgood Marshall (1908 1993) was a U.S. Supreme Court Justice from 1967
More informationThe Constitution CHAPTER 2 CHAPTER OUTLINE WITH KEYED-IN RESOURCES
CHAPTER 2 The Constitution CHAPTER OUTLINE WITH KEYED-IN RESOURCES I. The problem of liberty (THEME A: THE POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY OF THE FOUNDERS) A. Colonists were focused on traditional liberties 1. The
More informationHIST 1301 Part Two. 6: The Republican Experiment
HIST 1301 Part Two 6: The Republican Experiment The States and the Confederation 1776-1788 During the Revolution, state Governments formed first. 2 min. 40 sec. Each state had a written constitution. Each
More informationFull file at
Test Questions Multiple Choice Chapter Two Constitutional Democracy: Promoting Liberty and Self-Government 1. The idea that government should be restricted in its lawful uses of power and hence in its
More informationAKS M 49 C 30 a-d D 32 a-c D 33 a-c D 34 a-b BUILDING A NEW NATION
AKS M 49 C 30 a-d D 32 a-c D 33 a-c D 34 a-b BUILDING A NEW NATION The official end of the Revolutionary War was the signing of the Treaty of Paris in 1783. The newly independent US and GA now faced the
More informationThe Formation of the Constitution
The Formation of the Constitution By Matthew Spalding, Ph.D. September 14, 2007 WebMemo #1617 The creation of the United States Constitution-John Adams described the Constitutional Convention as "the greatest
More informationUnit 4 Writing the Constitution Concepts to Review
Unit 4 Writing the Constitution Concepts to Review CAUSE AND EFFECTS OF MAJOR ERAS AND EVENTS IN U.S. HISTORY THROUGH 1877 Writing the Constitution Shays Rebellion Philadelphia Convention 1787 Great Compromise
More informationThe Philadelphia Convention A Play for Many Readers. Catherine McGrew Jaime
The Philadelphia Convention A Play for Many Readers Catherine McGrew Jaime Other Educational Materials by Catherine Jaime Non-Fiction Books Alphabet Fun An American Looks at Wuerzburg, Germany Da Vinci:
More informationName: 8 th Grade U.S. History. STAAR Review. Constitution
8 th Grade U.S. History STAAR Review Constitution FORT BURROWS 2018 VOCABULARY Confederation - A group of loosely connected nations or states that work together for mutual benefit. Republic - A system
More informationConstitutional Convention
Constitutional Convention How did the United States overcome the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation and provide for the organization of the new government? What role did compromise play in the
More informationRatification of the Constitution. Issues
Graphic Organizer Ratification of the Constitution Federalists Anti- Federalists Issues Power of the national government State power Power of the Executive Branch A Bill of Rights Michigan Citizenship
More informationHandout B: Madison EXCERPTS FROM FEDERALIST NO. 47 BY JAMES MADISON. DOCUMENTS of FREEDOM History, Government & Economics through Primary Sources
DOCUMENTS of FREEDOM History, Government & Economics through Primary Sources Unit 2: The Purpose of Government Reading: Separation of Powers and Checks and Balances Activity: Montesquieu and Madison Handout
More informationDebates of the Constitutional Convention Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Debates of the Constitutional Convention Philadelphia, Pennsylvania May 14, 1787 to September 17, 1787 Notes on the Debates in the Federal Convention Week Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday
More informationRatification. By March 1781, all 13 Colonies had ratified the Articles of Confederation, making it the official written plan of government.
The Goal To form a confederation of states - A Firm League of Friendship To continue the form of government established by the Second Continental Congress Ratification By March 1781, all 13 Colonies had
More informationOUR POLITICAL BEGINNINGS
CHAPTER 2 Origins of American Government SECTION 1 OUR POLITICAL BEGINNINGS The colonists brought with them to North America knowledge of the English political system, including three key ideas about government.
More informationConstitution Unit Test
Constitution Unit Test Eighth Amendment Excessive fines cannot be imposed. Excessive bail cannot be required. 1. Which sentence completes this diagram? A. People cannot be forced to be witnesses against
More informationEstablishing A New Government: Creating a Government. Chapter 4 Concept 2
Establishing A New Government: Creating a Government Chapter 4 Concept 2 4.2 Creating a Government How did the decisions made at the Constitutional Convention affect the balance of power in the new nation?
More informationConstitutional Convention Role Cards
John Langdon New Hampshire (small state) Constitutional Convention Role Cards Personal Background and Character You were an early supporter of the American Revolution. You represented your state in the
More information1 st United States Constitution. A. loose alliance of states. B. Congress lawmaking body. C. 9 states had to vote to pass laws
1 st United States Constitution A. loose alliance of states B. Congress lawmaking body C. 9 states had to vote to pass laws D. each state had 1 vote in Congress Northwest Ordinance / Land Ordinance division
More informationWarm Up 12/3. Why did Shays Rebellion occur? What did it prove to many people? What did Alexander Hamilton and James Madison call for?
Warm Up 12/3 Why did Shays Rebellion occur? What did it prove to many people? What did Alexander Hamilton and James Madison call for? 1. How did many Americans feel about the Articles of Confederation?
More informationGrade 7 History Mr. Norton
Grade 7 History Mr. Norton Section 1: A Loose Confederation Section 2: The Constitutional Convention Section 3: Ideas Behind the Constitution Section 4: Ratification and the Bill of Rights Grade 7 History
More informationObjectives: Students will be able to explain that the success and failures of the articles of confederation and be able to give some examples of each.
Day 1 Objectives: Students will be able to explain that the success and failures of the articles of confederation and be able to give some examples of each. Procedure: Do Now: Why is it important to have
More informationWednesday, September 28 th
Wednesday, September 28 th Midterm #1: Monday, Sept. 26 th to Thursday, Sept. 29 th Wednesday ($5 late fee) Thursday ($7 late fee) Must have test in hand by 11 am Exam in Testing Center. Be sure to go
More informationA More Perfect Union Listening Guide Key Questions for A More Perfect Union lesson one:
Questions for A More Perfect Union lesson one: 1.The US Constitution was written in what year? 1787 2.Who was the country s first president? George Washington 3.Who was the driving force behind the development
More information4 th Grade U.S. Government Study Guide
4 th Grade U.S. Government Study Guide Big Ideas: Imagine trying to make a new country from scratch. You ve just had a war with the only leaders you ve ever known, and now you have to step up and lead.
More informationEnd of American Revolution and Creation of American government
End of American Revolution and Creation of American government American Revolution concludes, an independent nation develops, 1781. Articles of Confederation ratified by states March 1781 - framework for
More informationRemarks of Thurgood Marshall At The Annual Seminar of the SAN FRANCISCO PATENT AND TRADEMARK LAW ASSOCIATION
The Bicentennial Speech This speech Thurgood Marshall gave in 1987 was part of the constitutional bicentennial celebration. Politicians and Judges around the country were praising the founding Fathers
More informationPart II The Constitution
Manhattan s King s College, 1776 and John Jay married one of the daughters of Walter Livingston. During the Revolution, not only did Hamilton serve as Washington s most trusted aide, but it was Jay, Livingston,
More informationWe The People Packet. Chapter 12- Objective (8.1A,B,C): Describe who attended the Philadelphia Convention & how it was organized.
We The People Packet Chapter 12- Objective (8.1A,B,C): Describe who attended the Philadelphia Convention & how it was organized. When was the Philadelphia Convention held? What was the intended goal of
More informationBeginnings of a New Nation
The period between the Treaty of Paris and the writing of the Constitution, the states were united only by a rope of sand. George Washington Beginnings of a New Nation Officers were disgusted with Congress
More informationAnalyze the maps in Setting the Stage. Then answer the following questions and fill out the map as directed.
Geography Challenge G e o G r a p h y C h a l l e n G e Geography Skills Analyze the maps in Setting the Stage. Then answer the following questions and fill out the map as directed. 1. Label each state
More informationU.S. Government Unit 1 Notes
Name Period Date / / U.S. Government Unit 1 Notes C H A P T E R 1 Principles of Government, p. 1-24 1 Government and the State What Is Government? Government is the through which a makes and enforces its
More informationRole Cards for Constitutional Convention Delegates
Role Cards for Constitutional Convention Delegates John Langdon New Hampshire (small state) Personal Background and Character You were an early supporter of the American Revolution. You represented your
More informationMajor Problem. Could not tax, regulate trade or enforce its laws because the states held more power than the National Government.
The Constitution Major Problem Could not tax, regulate trade or enforce its laws because the states held more power than the National Government. Why? Feared a government like King George The Constitutional
More informationWednesday, February 29 th
Ratification & New Government 1 Wednesday, February 29 th Final version of Essay 1 and Change Memo: due March 8 th or 9 th at the beginning of lab. Post a digital copy of final version of Essay 1 to Turn-It-In
More informationSLAVERY WAS ONE OF THE MOST DIFFICULT ISSUES that faced
The Pennsylvania Delegation and the Peculiar Institution: The Two Faces oj the Keystone State SLAVERY WAS ONE OF THE MOST DIFFICULT ISSUES that faced the Constitutional Convention. From the first discussion
More informationTHE CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION. Compromises Federalists v. Anti-Federalists
THE CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION Compromises Federalists v. Anti-Federalists QUICK REVIEW: FIND SOMEONE WHO Second Continental Congress Drafting of the Articles of Confederation Weaknesses International Relations
More informationCreating the Constitution
Creating the Constitution 1776-1791 US Timeline 1777-1791 1777 Patriots win Battles of Saratoga. Continental Congress passes the Articles of Confederation. 1781 Articles of Confederation go into effect.
More informationMagruder s American Government
Presentation Pro Magruder s American Government C H A P T E R 2 Origins of American Government 2001 by Prentice Hall, Inc. C H A P T E R 2 Origins of American Government SECTION 1 Our Political Beginnings
More informationShays. Daniel Shay 1784 to 1785, unfair taxes, debt and foreclosure Farmer s rebellion to overthrow Mass. Govt.
Shays Daniel Shay 1784 to 1785, unfair taxes, debt and foreclosure Farmer s rebellion to overthrow Mass. Govt. 1. Constitutional Convention: May to Sept. 1787 2. Divided Convention 9/13 states needed to
More informationChapter 2. Government
Chapter 2 Government The way the United States government is organized, its powers, and its limitations, are based on ideas about government that were brought to these shores by the English colonist. Three
More informationPerspectives from FSF Scholars May 24, 2018 Vol. 13, No. 19
Perspectives from FSF Scholars May 24, 2018 Vol. 13, No. 19 The Framers Establish an Administrative Constitution Introduction and Summary by Joseph Postell* Does the Constitution provide any guiding principles
More informationThe American Revolution is over but now the colonists have to decide how they want to frame their government. Take the first 5 minutes of class and
The American Revolution is over but now the colonists have to decide how they want to frame their government. Take the first 5 minutes of class and imagine that you were a colonist that just fought against
More informationOrigins of American Government. Chapter 2
Origins of American Government Chapter 2 Section 1 Essential Questions 1) What two principles of government came from the English heritage of the colonists? 2) What documents from England influenced the
More informationThe Coming of Independence. Ratifying the Constitution
C H A P T E R 2 Origins of American Government 1 SECTION 1 SECTION 2 SECTION 3 SECTION 4 SECTION 5 Our Political Beginnings The Coming of Independence The Critical Period Creating the Constitution Ratifying
More informationFour reasons we need government
Four reasons we need government 1. Need for Law and Order - Government makes laws to protect citizens, and punishes those who break the law. Laws provide order in a society. This allows citizens to live
More informationThe Constitutional Convention
Early United States I can describe how thirteen colonies evolved into the United States. 4 I can make inferences that go beyond what was taught in class or connect and explain the 3.0 learning targets
More informationLegacy of Republicanism
THE FIRST BRANCH Congress and the Constitution UNIT 1 LESSON 1 Legacy of Republicanism OVERVIEW In this lesson, students trace the major debates regarding representation that occurred at the Constitutional
More informationThe United States Constitution. The Supreme Law of the Land
The United States Constitution The Supreme Law of the Land The Articles Prove Unstable Federal gov t could declare war and other foreign affairs Federal gov t have no power to collect taxes, relying only
More informationConstitutional Convention
Constitutional Convention 1 The Framers were delegates who went to the Constitutional Convention at the Pennsylvania State House in Philadelphia to draft a new vision of America s system of government.
More information