How did each of the below amendments attempt to increase political equality? What did each one prohibit or demand? Equality Equality of opportunity

Transcription

1 Civil Rights Powers or Privileges that Citizens Use and the Government Protects Complete the InQuizitive exercises for Chapter 5 as you work through this outline. Equality Equality of opportunity Equality of outcome Equality vs. liberty How did each of the below amendments attempt to increase political equality? What did each one prohibit or demand? Civil Rights Amendments Thirteenth Amendment (1865) Fourteenth Amendment (1868) Fifteenth Amendment (1870) Nineteenth Amendment (1920) Twenty-fourth Amendment (1964) Twenty-sixth Amendment (1971)

2 Civil Rights Through Litigation Below are more landmark U.S. Supreme Court cases in the outline (identified in italics with date in parentheses); familiarize yourself with those cases in the outline that are linked to a summary. The facts are helpful background, but more important is the question answered by the Court regarding our rights announced in its decision. Your textbook describes a few of these cases, and a good resource for any other cases not linked individually below is the searchable database maintained by the Oyez Project: Categorize each case into one of two types: A: The United States Supreme Court is deciding if an act of government that discriminates is prohibited by the Constitution. B: The United States Supreme Court is deciding if a governmental act that prohibits discrimination is within its constitutional authority. Recall that will be a section of the first exam that requires you to match seven cases with their proper decisions. Jim Crow laws and segregation Scott v. Sandford (1856) State policies Separate facilities Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) White primaries Smith v. Allwright (1944) State courts Shelley v. Kraemer (1948)

3 Equal access Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954) Read the seond full paragraph on page 167 in We the People and be able to demonstrate an understanding of the three glossary terms presented in bold type there. Suspect classification De jure vs. de facto discrimination Strict scrutiny Intermediate scrutiny Minimum scrutiny (rational basis review) Civil Rights Through Legislation Civil Rights Act of 1964 Read the Titles section of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 summary: How do Titles II and VII differ from the others regarding where it targeted discrimination and the constitutional powers of Congress it cited in doing so? Voting Rights Act of 1965 Literacy tests Federal registrars Pre-clearance Open Housing Act of 1968

4 Civil Rights Through Litigation Private commerce Katzenbach v. McClung (1964) Interracial marriage Loving v. Virginia (1967) Housing Jones v. Alfred H. Mayer Co. (1968) Private schools Runyon v. McCrary (1976) Capital punishment McCleskey v. Kemp (1987) Same-sex marriage Obergefell v. Hodges (2015) Civil Rights Through Movement The Montgomery bus boycott Rosa Parks and no man s land Citizens demands The Court s ruling Little Rock The Little Rock Nine Gov. Faubus The angry mob President Eisenhower Sit-ins Read this recollection on one of the lunch counter sit-ins:

5 Equal Opportunity for Other Groups Native Americans Delayed citizenship The 1960s Compensation and consideration Hispanic Americans Similar challenges Civil disobedience Growing population Women Protectionism and the courts Read the description of the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) below. What was it, what became of it, and why? The Equal Rights Amendment (ERA)