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2 INTERNATIONAL RADIO CONSULTATIVE COMMITTEE C. C. I. R. DOCUMENTS VII th OF PLENARY ASSEMBLY LONDON 1953 VOLUME III MINUTES OF PLENARY MEETINGS INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATION UNION

3 INTERNATIONAL RADIO CONSULTATIVE COMMITTEE C. C. I.R. DOCUMENTS OF V IIth PLENARY ASSEMBLY LONDON 1953 VOLUME III MINUTES OF PLENARY MEETINGS INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATION UNION GENEVA

4 carm\fts Minutes of the inaugural ceremony Minutes of the 1st plenary session... Doc# 395 (rev.) Doc. 436 (rev.) Minutes of the 2nd plenary session *... Doc. 774 (rev.) Minutes of the 3rd plenary session. «Doc. 807 Minutes of the 4th plenary session.... Doc. 808 Minutes of the 5th plenary.session. Doc. 831 Minutes of the 6th plenary session Doc. 832 (rev.) Minutes of the 7th plenary session..... Doc. 833 (rev.) Minutes of the 8th-and last plenary session... Doc. 834 (rev.)

5 VII th PLENARY ASSEMBLY C.C.I.R. LONDON, 1953 Doc. 395-E rev* 9 September 1953 Page 1 H I N U T E S OF THE INAUGURAL CERSI1QNY OF THE VIIth PLENARY ASSEMBLY OF THE C.C.I.R. 3 September a.m. The Inaugural Ceremony of the VIIth Plenary Assembly of the International Radio Consultative Committee (C.C.I.R.) took place at 11 a.m. in the.plenary meeting hall of Church House, London. 1. The Director, of the C.C.I.R. called the meeting to order and introduced the Chairman, as follows: Paragraph 4, Chapter 10 of the General Regulations annexed to the Atlantic City Telecommunications Conventions provides that rthe Plenary Assembly shall he presided over by the head of the delegation of the country in which the meeting is held*. It is my pleasant duty to inform you that the United Kingdom Delegation has nominated 'Mr. Harry Faullmer, Deputy Engineer of the General Post Office, as head of the United Kingdom Delegation; hence Mr. Faulkner will be your Chairman. H (Prolonged applause) The Chairman then thanked the meeting and introduced the Postmaster General; "Ladies and Gentle iien, "I thank you very much for the warm reception you have given to me as your Chairman. I assure you that I will do my very best to.conduct your proceedings in a fair and in a businesslike way. Thank you very much. I have now pleasure in calling on HerMajesty s Postmaster General, the Right Hon. Earl de la Warr, to address you." (Prolonged applause) 2. The formal opening speech of Her Majesty*s Postmaster General1* the Right Hon* Earl de la Warr* "Mr. Chairman, Ladies and Gentlemen, "I have a brief but extremely pleasant task before me, of giving you all a warn, very warm, welcome to this country on behalf of Her Majesty s Government. This is an. extremely important gathering.

6 - 2 - (Doc. 395-E rev.) «I only have one slightly damping thought in my mind, and that is, having attempted to read some of the literature that is being put before you I do come here today, I confess, with a most op palling inferiority complex. If I were looking for a pleasant evening I should really far rather sit down and attempt to read Homer in Greek than the intricacies of radio telecommunications in my own language. i "Well now, I believe you have something like 50 nations and organizations represented here, and we all of us, I am quite sure, feel proud individually of the contributions that we have been able to make to this great science. We ourselves - speaking for Great Britain - we feel very proud of what we have been able to give to this great subject, It was in London th&t Faraday carried out his work on electro-magnetism $ we remember that Lodge demonstrated the principles of tuning, or as I think ho called it "syntony"; that Fleming constructed the first radio valve. It was in London also that Sir Edward Appleton - and I am quite sure we all of us very much regret the fact that he cannot be here with us, because of another very important engagement - measured the height above the earth of ionized layers. I hope incidentally you won t aak me what ionized layers really are, but I do know they are important to long distance communications. And we are proud of the fact that we had the first television service in this country and very shortly, I think I am right in saying, we will be giving television service to just over 90 per cent of our whole population. Now then, as a body of scientific workers and officials you have great responsibilities for what you have given us, or some people might say, inflicted upon the world. You have brought nations closer - of course it is not your responsibility whether the more we can talk to one another and the closer we get, we like each * other the more or the less, the fact is that you have helped us to get closer together. I think we fire all of us beginning to realise the colossal power both for good and evil of television in the future social development of our countries and the world. And you by your work have helped to bring order into what might have been an extremely chaotic field "But as Post Master General I think I must say that there is one point where I feel you failed us, and I want to issue a challenge. Many of the things I have been asked to say to you by the excellent Dr. Radley who has helped to instruct me on this very difficult matter. I might say this is entirely, though, what I might call "off my own bat". We have to recognize at the present moment that whilst at one time we felt that radio telecommunications were really going to solve all our problems and we could drop the wretched oldfashioned cables, we ars coning to realise that the cable still has a very great use and we are badly in need of it in certain areas. Now what I want to ask you is 'Are you people going to help us who have to transmit messages about the world to get better use out of our radiotelecommunication equipment, so that we can use it all the time and that we can deal with these wretched sunspots? I am never quite sure whether we suffer from too many sunspots or too few sunspots but I do know that the variability of sunspots is a source of trouble and I want to throw out the challenge

7 (Doc. 395*^ rev.) to you as to when you are going to enable us to deal either with too many or too few sunspots. "Well now this is the 50th anniversary of the first International radio conference, I was going to say some of you might remember, I don!t think perhaps I should say that, some of you might remember that the conference did in fact take place in Berlin in 1905; that was the first conference and of course it was a comparatively small natter then. It dealt mainly with ccannunications "between ships, I think, there were only a few hundred stations "but even then the need for co-operation was recognised. In those days I think there was a very different spirit about to what there is today. Today it is one of the desire to ooqperate and the realisation of the need to co-operate, "but in those days there was the inability or refusal to accept each other!s messages, there was interference and there was a tendency not to share knowledge as we do now, I think it is very largely due to your organisation that you have been able to introduce this entirely new spirit of co-operation into this world of radio and it is due to you that the growth of this great new power has been brought about in an orderly manner. "Now this is your seventh reunion, you are going to be extremely busy as you may knew; I think your 14 study* groups arye got 500 papers; I must confess I have not read them all in detail and Dr. van der Pol tells mo he has despatched to you no less than six tons of paper during the last few months. Well I wish you luck with reading all that literature and I wish you a great deal of luok and a great deal of success with this conference. And one last word - I hope, although you are obviously going to be worked extremely hard, that you are going to have just a little leisure to be able to get around and see something of our countryside. I find that you are going out into the country but on the whole you are always going to end up at some wireless station. I hope that perhaps an one or two occasions you may be able to have an expedition into the countryside purely for the enjoyment of the beauties of the British countryside and the enjoyment of our British sunny weather. I wish you good luck. (Applause) The Doyen of the I.T.E.. the Grand Officer Guiseppe Gneme, then thanked the Postmaster General: "My Lord, Mr. Chairman, Ladies and Gentlemen, "As Doyen of this very important meeting I have the honour to speak on behalf of the foreign Delegations present here and cn cy own behalf, to thank you for the signal honour you have oonferred upon us in opening the Seventh Plenary Assembly of the International Radio Consultative Committee with the remarkable speech you have just made*

8 - 4 - (Dbo.395-E.rov.} "We are very grateful to. your Administration for having called us together in the great capital of your country, for having given us the use of this magnificent building so near the shrine of history and for the perfect organisation of this meeting, whioh, together with the excursions to which ycu have alluded, will help delegations to get to know cne another and will make our work as pleasant and successful as possible* "In your speech, Mr* Postmaster General, you mentioned the British scientists and technicians who by their discoveries, their research and its applications, have made important contributions to the practical development of radio-telegraphy* May I be allowed to join in the tribute paid to these great men and to add to it the scientists of other countries. Por Italy I would mention Gugliolmo Marconi, who had the privilege of. working in this country for many years. "You called our attention to the fact that 50 years ago the first oonference met in Berlin, followed by the London Conference in 1912, which I had the privilege of attending. It was opened by the then Postmaster General, Sir Herbert Samel and it 7/as on his suggestion in his opening speech that the now Radio Telegraph Convention of London made inter-caramunioatian between ship stations opened to the public service compulsoxy, whatever radio system was being used, and it issued a request to all governments to agree to make it compulsory for certain categories of ships to be equipped with radio and for every country to. instal a number of working coast stations to oope with navigational needs. "What admirable progress has been made in radio since that far-distant year and how the Union has felt the need for a technical organisation to study the many questions which are still arising and to issue recommendations cn them. Such was the origin of the International Radio Consultative Committee, created at the Washington International Radio Telegraph Conference in 1927 at the proposal of several administrations, including those of the United Kingdom and. Italy. It became a permanent organ of the I.T.U. at the Atlantic City Radio Conference in 1947* The excellent results achieved can be seen in the three volumes constituting the final document of the Sixth Plenary Assembly, held in Geneva in 1951* whioh was a genuine technical radio' conference. *, "At present 7/e have a considerable task to accomplish, since we have to examine a great many important documents on more than a hundred subjects studied by 14 study groups whose chairmen have given us reports and draft recommendations to be reviewed in Plenary Assembly after the finishing touches have been put to them by the study groups working here. I am sure that through this careful work to which the Director, the Vice Director and the specialised Secretariat of the C.C.I.R. ha7.1 made a valuable contribution, and through the competent

9 - 5 - (Doc* 395^ rev.) and friendly co-operation of the illustrious technicians present here in discussing and solving the various problems* the London Assembly of the C.C.I.R. will provide administrations, private operating agencies* international organisations and scientific and industrial concerns with a series of recommendations which will be a considerable stimulus to the progress of radio communications and which will be one step towards our ultimate object, peace and understanding throughout the world." (Applause) The Director of the C.C.I.R. then spoke on the work before the Plenary Assembly. Dr* van dcr Pol said: "Kir. Chairman* My Lord, Ladies and Gentlemen, "I am sure we are all glad, to meet hero in London, your hospitable capital, where as you said, My Lord, so much fundamental work in radio has been done in the course of the years. "You mentioned several physicists and amongst them Sir Ambrose Fleming. During the first World War I myself was doing research with him: in University College at the bottom of Gower Street. I remember quite well how once, when we discussed the invention of the radio valve, Fleming particularly pointed out fthis is the place where the baby was b o m 1. Fleming certainly was both a physicist and an engineer and it is interesting to note how much he has contributed towards the development of technical radio, handicapped as he was by his rather severe deafness* "I think this-is also the occasion to pay tribute to another British physicist, Oliver Heaviside, the centenary of whose birth 7/as celebrated here in London some years ago. He was a very great theoretical physicist but of a very remarkable kind, whose equal it will be difficult to find both with respect to his scientific originality and his human peculiarities. '"However, I wish to thank you, My Lord, on behalf of the delegates for the kind words you have spoken with regard to the C.C.I.R. in general and also in connection with its work on radio-wave propagation. In fact we have three study groups specialising in this latter subject, all three having very devoted and able chairmen. In a humble way I might perhaps say that nowadays it would be difficult to visualise international and technical radio and scientific development v/ithout the presence of the C.C.I.R., because inasmuch as research in the scientific field is still being made all over the world, which scientific researches often have their repercussions in the technical use of electro-magnetic waves, this use can only be effective if properly co-ordinated on a world-wide international basis* "Talking about these researches I am thinking, for instance, of the new kind of radio propagation at very high frequencies observable over long distances and which was reported recently in technical literature. It concerns transmission experiments on the frequency of about 50 Mc/s

10 - 6 - (Doc#. 395* rev*) which 7/ere continuously audible at distances up to about 2000 km* As the scientific interpretation of. these new transmission possibilities, the scattering - that is,irregular reflections occurring at the E region - i was put forward* When its mention here in London the idea of scattering of radio waves we are at once reminded of the original work in this field by the British scientist, my good friend T*L. Eckersley, who through severe illness is unfortunately unable to attend our meeting to-day* " I also think of the great scientific bearing on astronomy of the recently found radiation over a very narrow frequency band in the neighbourhood of 21 cm wave length and which reaches us continuously from the galaxy, our Milky Way* These observations in radio-astronomy were only possible through the great development of ultra high frequency technique as used so extensively during the war in radar* These waves from the Milky Way have furnished us with a lot of important data with respect to the spiral structure of our galaxy* Ordinary optical astronomy was unable to help us here because of the extensive dark clouds in inter-stellar space which are impenetrable by light waves but which pass radio craves relatively well* Coming down to earth and some more practical radio developments, X also think of a great amount of research and development work done in different laboratories all over the world on the transistor, a dovico which will certainly revolutionise a large part of radio technology and which I consider as a most important practical outcome of fundamental physical research on the solid state* "I also think of some new experiments in the United States on frequency modulation. Although, as far as I know, no scientific publioa tion has as yet appeared on this subject, rumours have reached us that one * of the American frequency modulation broadcasting stations had for a year a second programme modulated on its wave without any of the normal listeners noticing any trace of this second programme, whereas with suitable means this special programme could be received very well independently of the normal programme* Now I should like' to mention the recent developments both in black and white and in colour television hero in the British Isles and abroad* The 3*B*C<, has reached a stage where, I am told, 84$ of the whole population can now sec the. television programmes in their homes* May I further mention a specific instance 7/here a few months ago the English - television programme was rebroadcast in France, Belgium, the Netherlands and Germany* It was on the great occasion of the coronation.of Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth* Then very extensive use was made of Hertzian radio links and to answer one of your questions, My Lord, no cables - beaming the programme through long chains of stations on the Continent* Although severe difficulties had to be overcome due to the use of different technical standards in the various countries, this international television programme was certainly a technical success of the first order* The great; flexibility and reliability of radio links were demonstrated here again in Europe. Due to the splendid international technical co-operation, the television broadcast ctt this very special occasion was, without any doubt, a marked success* a 1

11 - 7 - (Doc# 395AE rovo "Several other recent and outstanding technical developments could he quoted hut I am afraid my time is limited* "To return to our plenary Assembly here in London, we all feel sure that a hard and extensive task lies ahead of us* If we compare the preliminary documentation of this year to that of two years ago the high technical quality of the present documents seer^is undeniable# Also in the present documentation the theoretical and therefore the mathematical work contained in it is far from negligible* To a certain extent this is to be welcomed and for the simple reason that provided the subject lends itself to theoretical treatment a theoretical attack is often much cheaper than extensive and costly experiments* I might here quote a saying of Boltzmann, the great German theoretical physicist who said "There is nothing more practical than a good theory * "But apart from the quality of the preliminary documentation, its quantity is about larger than that of the last Plenary Assembly# In all some 11 million sheets of paper, weighing some six tons, as Lord de la Warr has told you, already, were despatched- from-our offices in Geneva during the last few months* A great amount of important research work done in Administrations and private organisations all the world over is embodied in these documents* The great task before us is to digest all these documents and extract useful rccomma n&ations from them* We liope that- all administrative and -private operating agencies concerned with radio communications will benefit from them in the future# "Moreover, I am quite sure that the pleasant atmosphere of London and all the help we have received and arc receiving from the General Post Office will materially assist us in our task* We also feel very confident of the outcome of this session now that the chairmanship has been placed in the very able hands of Mr* Faulkner, Deputy Engineerin-Chief of the General Post Office* I wish all the delegates the best of results during this Plenary Assembly and I need hardly say that we in the Secretariat will do all that is in our power to help and assist you in this arduous task* If I try to condense all ray wishes in a short and elegant way, the best I can do is to use the French language and say BON SUCCES*. (Applause) address: The Chairman then thanked the previous speakers in his closing "My Lord, Ladies and Gentlemen, "In concluding this meeting I would first like to thank the honourable Mr* Gnerae and Dr* van der Pol for their very interesting addresses and for the very kind things they have said to us in the baited Kingdom. Both these gentlemen are veterans of the I.T.U* or the organisation which preceded it# Mr* Gneme told you it is over '40 years since he first attended an international radio conference* I think that is a very striking record and it is one which Dr* van der Pol, I think, could not

12 - 8 - (Doc. 395-E rev.) claim to equal5 but nevertheless he has attended, I believe, every Plenary Meeting of the C.C.I.R. since its inception in 1929* I am glad to see here to-day several other people who also equal this record. We have Dr.Dellinger of the United States, Mr. Marique of Belgium and the Assistant Secretary General of the I.T.U., Mr. Gross. Lord, you mentioned the name of Sir Edward Appleton in your speech and I think it perhaps right to remind the meeting that Dr. van der Pol was a very close collaborator with Sir Edward right from the early days of his work, when they were together, I believe, at Cambridge University. I think that collaboration is well known and that we should mention it here to-day. "The Director has made very clear to us what a large volume of papers we have to deal with. I think most of us do not need reminding of that because they are occupying large mountains of space in our files in the office. Many of us have read these papers5 some of us perhaps have even understood themi So that we are quite clear that.the task before us is a formidable one. To reach concise agreements from this diverse material from so many different sources, seoms to be an almost impossible task. Thus the success of the conference must in the long run depend on the collective work of largo numbers of individuals and the extent to which they can mould their views into a form which all can accept. This requires the development of a spirit of tolerance, of "give and take" or as our French frigcds say an 'esprit de conciliation1 in all concerned and it is my fervent hope that this conference will be particularly notable for that spirit. "The layman often thinks that since engineers deal largely with facts we should be able to answer, at once and directly, all the questions they put to us. But of course, we know that that is not quite so. We know that we have to depend on data which are very difficult and very expensivo to obtain unless, of course, our mathematical friends can produce them very cheaply on a half sheet of notopapor, which is always very valuable, though, I think, none of us engineers accept them until we have tried them out in practice. But we do depend on this data and therefore we must use opinion and^ judgment in arriving at our answers. We know that the recommendations we make are liable to be modified as we receive fresh data, perhaps in tho years to come, or as the technique of our work develops. But we should not let this deter us from making recommendations now which are as nearly as possible tho truth as we know it to-day, because in doing this wo can then shape our plans to the best advantage with present knowledge.,mwell now, it is conferences such as ours that enable us to do these things* They concentrate, in one place, masses of information and experience from all over the world and, as delegates can discuss these things face to face, tho reconciliation of different views can be facilitated and finally, we hope, agreements arrived at. In doing this we rely very largely on the very able chairmen of our 14-study groups and they will be helped by the detailed work of many small working parties which have indeed a very valuable function to perform in our meetings.

13 - 9 ~ - (Doc* 395* rcy«) ' "Let us then take full advantage of all our opportunities, be diligent in our search for the truth, so that when we come to survey our work we shall be satisfied that the Seventh meeting'of the C.C.I.R* has been a most successful one. "Gentlemen, we commence our real work at 3 o'clock this afternoon. " The inaugural ceremony of the Vllth Plenary Assembly of the C.C.I.R. was closed at a*m. D. Rose Rapporteur R. Lindsey Secretary H. Faulkner Chairman

14 VXIth PLENART ASSEMBLY C.C.I.R* LONDON, 1953 Doc# 4.36-E rev# 14 September 1953 Page 1 MINUTES PffliRY A S S M L Y ' OF THE FIRST PLENARY SESSION 3 September * 00 hrs. Subjects discussed: 1. Election of Vice-Chairmen Vllth Plenary Assembly.2*.Formation of Drafting Committee 3* Formation of Finance Committee 4* Approval of Secretariat,5. Languages 6. Working Hours 7* Confirmation of: (ai New Chairmen of Study Groups IX. and XII (b) Temporary Replacement of Chairman of Study Group VIII 8* Documents submitted directly to the Plenary Assembly - (Docs. 115, 203, 256, 258, 283, 307, 313, 319) 9o Any other business 'Mr. Harry Faulkner, was in the Chair; he was assisted by Professor Balth. van der PolV Director of the C.C.I.R., and Mr. Leslie W. Hayes, Vice-Director of the C.C.I.R. Present Adminis trations: fa) Members of.the I.T.U. : Australia; Austria; Belgium; Byelorussian S.S.R.; Canada; China; Denmark; Egypt; Spain; United States of America; France; India; Ireland; Italy; Japan; Norway; New Zealand; Netherlands; Peru; Poland (P.R. of); French Protectorates of Morocco and Tunisia; Federal German Republic; F.P.R. of Yugoslavia^ Ukrainian S.S.R.; Roumanian People's Republic; United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; Sweden; Switzerland; Syrian Republic; Overseas Territories of the French Republic and Territories administered as such; Turkey; Union of South Africa and Territory of South-West Africa; U.S.S.R.; Venezuela.

15 (b) Associate Member of the I.T.U.: British East Africa. Recognized Private Operating Agencies: British Broadcasting Corporation; Cable and Wireless; canpagnie g n6rale de Telegraphic sans Fil; Companhxa Internacional de Radio S. A.; Companhia Portuguesa Radio Marconi; International Marine Radio Comp. Ltd. (I.M.R.C.); Kokusai Denshin Domra Co. Ltd.; Marconi International Marine Cannon. Co. Ltd. (M.I.M.C.C.); Nippon Hoso Kyokai; Nippon Telegraph & Telephone Public Corp.; "adio Italians (RAI); Redifon Ltd.; Transradio Espanola S.A. International Organisations: International Amateur Radio Union (I.A.R.U.); Union Europe enne de Radiodiffusion (U.E.R.); Union Radio-Sc lent if ique Internationale (U.R.S.I.) International Raclio Moritii CaninrLttoG(I.R«M#C,). Permanent organs of the I.T.U.: International Frequency Registration Board (I.F.R.B.) Mr. Gerald C. Cross. Assistant Secretory General of the I.T.U., was also present. Secretary : Mr. Robert V. Lindsey. The Chairman, in opening the Meeting at hours, called attention to the fact that the following telegram had been received from the Delegation of the 'Hungarian People's Republic : "We have the honour to inform you that the Hungarian Delegation will arrive several days late for the opening of the Seventh Assembly of the C.C.I.R. In the meantime we have given a proxy to the Czechoslovak Delegation to represent Hungarian interests and to vote in the name of the Hungarian People.'s Republic' until the arrival of our Delegation. " The Assembly then passed to the Agenda. Election of Vice-Chairmen Vllth Plenary Assembly The Chairman proposed from the Chair that the Heads of Delegations of the following four countries should be vioe-chairmen: - Adopted (Doc# 436* rot*) Denmark Czechoslovakia Venezuela New Zealand

16 - 3 - (Doc.436* rev*) Formation of Drafting Committee The Chairman proposed that the following countries participate in the work of the Drafting Committee, with Mr* Bratnel de Cle.ioulx. Head of the French Delegation, as Chairman : France Belgium United Kingdom ' United States Spain Venezuela In this way the committee would remain fairly small and yet have two members speaking each of the three working languages of the meeting* Tbie proposal was adopted. The Chairman then announced that the Drafting Committee had been allotted Meeting Room 7 as its working room. Formation of Finance Committee The Chairman suggested that the Head of the Netherlands Delegation should take the Chair of this Committee. Mr.'van der Toorn, Head of the Netherlands Delegation, accepted the Chairmanship of this committee, to which the following additional members were proposed, United States United Kingdom France Switzerland Italy with the addition, of Mr, G.G, Gross, Assistant Secretary General, I.T.U., and Mr.- M. Caws. Assistant Secretary for Finance of the Conference. The above composition of the Finance Committee was approved. Approval of-'secretariat proposed the following composition of the* Secretariat Secretary :. Mr, Robert V, Lindsey, Administrative Secretary, C.C.I.R. Asst. Secretary for Mr, Jean Revoy, Engineer, General Documents :, Secretariat of the-i.t.u. Asst. Secretary for Finance & Personnel : Asst. Secretary for Delegates s Mr. M, Caws. Major Barnard. This proposal was adupted,

17 - 4 - (Doc. 436-E rev.) 5- Languages The Chairman announced that : (a) in accordance with Article 15, paragraph 4 (i) of the Atlantic City International Convention,-the working languages of the Conference would be English, French and Spanish; (b) in addition, in accordance with Article 15, paragraph 4 (ii) of the Convention as amplified by Administrative Council Resolution No. 84 > the following #)Administrations had requested and agreed to pay for simultaneous interpretation into. Russian at the Vllth Plenary Assembly of the C.C.I.R. : 6. Working Hours U.S.S.R. Byelorussian S.S.R. People's Republic of Bulgaria Hungarian People's Republic Ukrainian S.S.R. Roumanian People's Republic Cze choslovakia.the.chairman then proposed tho following working hours :. Mornings : 09*30 to hours Afternoons: 15*00 to hours Saturdays : Open These working hours, which are these mentioned in the "Programme of Study Group meetings", were adopted. 7A* Confirmation of New Chairmen of Study Groups IX and XII (a) Study Group IX The Chairman recalled that in a communication dated 10 October 1952 the United Kingdom Administration informed the C.C.I.R. that due tp a change of duties Captain C.F. Booth would be unable to continue as Chairman of the'c.c.i.r. Study Group No. IX. At the same time it was proposed that Mr. H. Stcnasbv. Staff Engineer of the British Post.Office in charge of the Radio Planning and Provision Branch of the Engineering Department, should succeed Captain Booth. #) Note by Secretariat : On? September a telegram announced the wish of the Administration of the People's Republic of Poland to share in the cost of the use of the Russian language.

18 Mr. Stanesbv's appointment was confirmed by acclamation. (b) Study Group XII The Chairman -recalled that in a communication dated 13 October 1952 the Administration of India informed the C.C.I.R. that Mr. Rao had become a member of the I.F.R.B. in Geneva and would consequently be unable to continue as Chairman of C.C.I.R. Study Group No. XII. It was at the same time proposed that Mr. Baliga, Adtiser, Wireless and Co-ordination, Indian Ministry of Communications, should succeed Mr. Rao. Mr. Baliga's appointment was confirmed by acclamation. The Chairman then proposed a vote of thanks to Captain Booth and to Mr. Rao for their services to the C.C.I.Ro in their capacity as Chairmen of Study Groups Nos. IX and XII respectively and wished them continued success in their new functions. He further proposed that this vote of thanks be communicated to Captain Booth and Mr. Rao. Approved by acclamation (Doc. 436-E rev.) 7B. Temporary Replacement of Chairman of Study Group VIII In a telegram dated 23 July 1953 the Australian Administration advised the C.C.I.R. that Mr0 A.H. Cannon, Chairman of Study Group VIII, would be unable to attend the Plenary Assembly owing to illness. The Administration therefore desired to nominate Mr. J.D. Campbell. Radio Engineer, Australian Postmaster General's Department, to deputise as Chairman of Study Group VIII at the Plenary Assembly. The Chairman proposed that the Assembly should accept this temporary replacement of M?. Cannon by Mr. Campbell and authorise him to send a telegram of good wishes to Mr. Cannon. The Assembly agreed to this temporary replacement by acclamation. Mr. Tsingovatov (U.S.S.R.) them made the following statement : 1* "Among the countries ropresented at the Seventh Plenary Session of the C.C.I.R., the documents of the present conference refer to China, and a representative of the Kuomintang clique is mentioned as 1the representative of China'. "The Delegation of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics considers it necessary to state that a representative of the Kuomintang does not and cannot represent China, as China can legally be represented only by persons empowered to do so by the lawful Government of China - the Central Peopled Government of the Chinese People's Republic. In view of the above, the participation of Kuomintang representatives in the work of the C.C.I.R. is illegal.

19 mm 6 (Doc* 436-E rev*) "The Delegation of the Soviet Union also considers it necessary to point out tho obvious abnormality of the fact that one of the greatest countries in the world, the Chinese People's Republic, which is both a number of the I.T.U# and has extensive means of telecommunication, is not represented in the International Telecommunication Union. This is in direct contradiction whith the fundamental aims of the I.T.U*, which are the establishment and development of international co-operation in the sphere of telecommunication* 2* "The second question upon which the Soviet Delegation considers it necessary to state its views is the question of the representation of Germany. "The Soviet Delegation considers that the representatives of the Bonn authorities cannot and do not represent the whole of Germany, and that in view of this, their participation in the work of the Plenary Session of the C.C.I.R* in the absence of the representatives of the German Democratic Republic, is illegal. "Attention must be drawn to the fact that although the German Democratic Republic has acceded to the Internationa^. Telecommunication Convention, it is deprived of the possibility of taking part in the work of the I*T*U., regardless of the fact that this is in contradiction of the above Convention, and is harmful to the interests of international co-operation in the sphere of telecommunication*" The Chairman stated that the Assembly was not competent to discuss these matters, but he would arrange for the statement in full to be included in the Minutes* Mr* Tchen (China) then requested the following statement to be included in the Minutes t "The declaration which has just been read before this Assembly does not fall within its competence. The C.C.I.R* has only purely technical terms of reference and should not recognize such a declaration, which is of an essentially political character* The Chinese Delegation, while agreeing with the opinion of the Chair on this point, nevertheless considers it necessary to refute the fallacious allegations contained in that declaration and will limit itself in doing this to submitting the following short commentaries. 1* "The C.C.I.R., as the I.T*U*^1rtJy has countries amongst its members which are represented by their Governments or Administrations; it does not know the Kuomintang or any other national political party existing in these countries. In fact the Kuomintang is one of the Chinese political parties, the largest it is true, which forms part of its government. The Chinese Delegation represents the Telecommunications Administration of China, Member of the Union* 2* "The Government of the Republic of China is the only legal government of China, formed by popular vote and based on a constitution freely adopted by the people. It represents China at all international

20 - 7 - (Doc* 436-E rov») organisations and closely co-operates in the realisation of the aims and principles of the United Nations, while at the sane time presiding over the destiny of tho Chinese nation, to which it solemfily promises the support of the whole people, including all Chinese overseas and on the Chinese Continent, to liberate it from the present yoke of foreign oppression on the Continent* It is the sole legal representative of.china in the I*T*U* and all its organs* 3* "The so-called Central People's Government of the Popular Republic of China does not represent China* This Communist puppet regime which is purely negative and which continues the methodical destruction of the entire Chinese civilisation, which is thousands of years old, has been installed in Peiping by a foreign Power. It is the work and the creation of the international Communist conspiracy, under the orders of the Kremlin* The evidence of this fact is abundantly clear from the extensive report submitted by the Chinese Government to the United Nations and frcai a Resolution adopted by this very Organisation in the course of the Sixth Regular Session of this General Assembly, on the 1 February 1952* Moreover, all initiatives of this regime either on an internal or international nature, are too well-known and too self-evident, in showing that it only serves interests which are entirely different from those of the Chinese people*" " Mr* Arciuch (People's Republic of Poland) supported the statement of the U*S«S*Ro Mr* Zharov (Bielorussian S*S*R<r) then made the following statement: "The Delegation of the Bielorussian Soviet Socialist Republic considers it necessary to state that the participation of a Kuomintang delegation in the work of the C.C.I.R. is illegal, due to the fact that China may be represented at the conferences and meetings of the Union only by persons empowered to do so by the legal government of China - the Central People's Government of the Chinese People's Republic* "We consider incorrect and abnormal a situation in which the Chinese People's Republic, which is a member of the I.T.U. and has extensive and well organized means of telecommunication, is not represented in the International Telecommunication Uriion. "As is well known, the International Telecommunication Union has set itself the aim of supporting and developing international co-operation in the sphere of telecommunication; the present situation which deprives the Chinese People's Republic of the possibility of participating in the international conferences and meetings of the International Telecommunication Union, 1:3 in obvious contradiction of this aim. "Our Delegation finds it necessary ter give its views on the question of the participation of Germany in the International Telecommunication Union. "The Delegation of the Bielorussian S.S.R. is in full agreement with the statement made by the delegation of the Soviet Union concerning the illegality of the participation in the mootings of the C.CoI.R of representatives of Western Germany. "The participation of West German representatives in the work of the C.C.I.R. in the absence of representatives from the German Democratic Republic is illegal because the delegates of the Bonn authorities cannot and do not represent the whole of Germany*

21 g *», (Doc E rev.) "Our Delegation also finds abnormal the fact that the German Democratic Republic, having acceded to the International Telecommunication Convention and joined the I.T.U., is prevented from taking part in the work of the international meetings and conferences of the C.C.I.R. by a series of artificially erected barriers." Mr. Ousnensky (Ukrainian S.S.R.) requested that the following statement be included in the Minutes: "The Delegation of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic fully supports the statement made by the Delegation of the Soviet Union concerning the illegality of the participation of the Kuomintang representatives in the work of the C.C.I.R., as the Kuomintang does not represent China. Only delegates appointed by the Chinese People's Republic can take part in the work of the I.T.U. and its permanent bodies. "Our Delegation also fully supports the statement of the Delegate of the U.S.S.R. concerning the illegality of the participation of the representatives of Western Germany in the work of the C.C.I.R. in the absence of the representatives of the German Democratic Republic. "We consider it necessary to state clearly that the representatives of the Bonn authorities do not represent the whole ibf Germany. The absence of the representatives of the German Domocratic Republic at the Session of the C.C.I.R. is in definite contradiction with the interests of international co-operation." Mr. Baier (Roumanian P.R.) made the following declaration: "The Delegation of the Roumanian P.R. entirely agrees with the Declaration made by the Delegation of the U.S.S.R. concerning the fact that the largest country of Asia, the People's Republic of China, is not represented at the Seventh Plenary Assembly of the C.C.I.R. Instead of the true representatives of China, those who only represent the Kuomintang have been invited in an entirely illegal manner to take part in the work of the Assembly and to speak in the name of China. "Furthermore, we are in entire agreement with what has been said on the fact that the German Democratic Republic is not represented at this Assembly. The Government of Bonn which has been invited does not represent all Germany and its delegates cannot speak and take decisions in the name of all Germany. "The Delegation of the Roumanian P.R. is of the opinion that the fact that the People's Republic of China and the German Democratic Republic have not been invited to this Plenary Assembly, will not serve to aid in the establishment of a spirit of international collaboration in which our work should take place. "We request you, Mr. Chairman, to kindly have our declaration inserted in the Minutes of this meeting."

22 - 9 - (DoCo 436-E rev.) The Chairman agreed, end then returned to point 7B of the Agenda - Temporary Replacement of Chairman of Study Group VIII. He proposed, and it was agreed by the meeting, that the follov/ing telegram be addressed to Mr. Cannon: "Seventh Plenary Assembly regrets your absence and expresses best wishes for.your speedy and complete recovery and continued success in your chairmanship of C.C.I.R. Study Group VIII. Signed H. Faulkner, Vllth Plenary Assembly C.C.I.R. London. H Documents submitted directly to the Plenary Assembly Document Report by the Director of the C.C.I.R. It was agreed that this document be referred to a later Plenary Session, with the exception of the Financial part, in particular paragraphs 2.2, annexes (l) (Ha) and (lib), which were referred to the Finance Committee. Document Standardisation of Multi-Channel Radio Links Used in Pulse Modulation It was decided, after a short introduction of Document 203 by Mr. Pedersen (DenmarkTT that it should be referred to Study Group IX. Document A proposal concerning transmissions for coast stations of the alarm signal, for the purpose of testing the automatic alarm apparatus on board shin, by the Danish Delegation, was introduced by Mr. Pedersen. He suggested that it would be most practicable to have it studied by Study Group XIII - a proposal to which the Chairman of Study Group XIII agreed.. Mr. Allen (United States), suggested that it could more appropriately be referred to Study Group IX, which was studying the problem of the alarm signal and calling signals for the marine service. His Delegation believed that the general matter of assigning questions to. Study Groups and of discussing the organisation of the work of the Plenary Assembly should be referred to a special committee. After discussion, in which Mr. Allen» the Chairman, Mr. Gneme and the Director of the C.C.I.R. took part, it was decided to form an forganisation Committee1 consisting of Heads of Delegations and the Chairmen of Study Groups. After further discussion it was agreed that the destination of Document 256 should be decided by the Organisation Committee just formed.

23 (Doc. 43&-E rev) Document Preliminary Report on Recommendation No. 69. Prediction of Solar Index The Chainhan stated that this document was submitted in the first instance to the Plenary Assembly by the Director of C.C.I.R. as a report on the progress of the work assigned to his office by Recommendation No 69 which had not been assigned to any study group, although it was related to the work of Study Group VI. Dr. van der Pol explained that the document referred to the work which was allotted to the Secretariat on the prediction of solar index on a statistical basis. He said that a large amount of work had been done in that field in the Secretariat and the preliminary results obtained were given in Document 258. It was of a rather technical nature and as it concerned directly questions of ionospheric propagation he thought it should be assigned to Study Group VI. Dr. Dellinger. Chairman of Study Group VI, agreed. It was so decided. Document Comparison between Articles of the International Telecommunication Convention at Atlantic City and at Buenos Aires The Chairman explained that Document 283 was a document for the information of delegates which had been produced by the Secretariat to indicate the differences between the Atlantic City Convention (1947) and the Buenos Aires Convention (1952), as far as the constitution of the G.C.I.s were concerned* There was no need to discuss it* Document Prolongation of the mandate of the Director. C.C.I.R. As this document concerned him personally, Dr* van der Pol withdrew from the meeting. The Chairman said that there was a proposition in Document 307 from the Delegation of Sweden and he accordingly asked whether Mr. Esping of the Swedish Delegation would introduce it. Mr. Esping (Sweden) explained that Dr. van der Pol would during 1954 reach the age when retirement according tb the normal rule of the I.T.U. would take place. Dr. van der Pol had, as everyone knew, during his directorship rendered extremely good and efficient service to the C.C.I.R. and to the I.T.U. as a whole, and he could certainly continue to do so for some more years. The Swedish Delegation had learned that Dr. van der Pol was willing to carry on the heavy burden of directorship for some more years and he (Mr. Esping) was therefore very glad to propose to the Plenary Assembly to ask Dr. von der Pol to accept the directorship of the C.C.I.R* up to and including the Plenary Assembly for 1956.

24 (ItaOr 436-E rov.) Hr. Gneme (Italy), Chairman of the Administrative Council, said that everyone knew the great honour conferred upon the C.C.I.R. in the person of Professor van der Pol, whose eminent personality was so well known throughout the entire scientific and telecommunications world* In view of the disposition of Article 57 of the Staff Regulations of the I.T.U. the proposal before the Assembly.which he supported would mean the extension of the service of Professor van der Pol for two years after attaining the normal age limit, i.e. until the 31s-fcDecember Mr. Stanesby (United Kingdom) supported the Swedish proposal with very great pleasure on behalf of the United Kingdom Delegation. He said that since the renaissance of the C.C.I.R. at Stockholm, when Dr. van der Pol was elected as Director of the d.c.i.r., he had carried out his duties with great impartiality, great tact and with great distinction. He, Mr. Stanesby, was sure that the Assembly would agree with him that although the relevant regulation provided that this extension should be granted in quite exceptional circumstances, they were in fact dealing with a quite exceptional man. He therefore supported with very great pleasure the proposal of the Swedish Delegation as seconded by Mr. Gneme. The Chairman, in the absence of any objection to this proposal, suggested that Dr. van der Pol should be asked to return to the meeting and that he should be greeted with acclamation. The Assembly agreed. Dr. van der Pol returned to the room and was greeted by applause. He thanked the meeting and said that he took the applause to mean acceptance of the Swedish proposal. He then thanked the Chairman and the delegates for their confidence placed in him and said that he would be glad to try and serve the C.C.I.R. for an additional two years. Document Report on Technical Assistance to Under-developed Countries This document, briefly introduced by Dr. van der Pol, had been prepared by the Secretariat of the C.C.I.R* It was a report on the technical assistance given to the under-developed countries and was produced for the information of the delegates. Document Re-port on the Status of C.C.I^R. Stockholm and Geneva recommendations At the request of the Chairman, Dr. van der Pol introduced Document 319* He said that in going over the existing recommendations in the Secretariat - the recommendations issued at Stockholm and later on in Geneva - it had been found that it was not always clear whether some recommendations should be considered to be valid or not and whether some later recommendations superseded old ones. He proposed in this document that the Plenary Assembly should ask the Chairmen of all the

25 (Doc. 436-JB*rev.) Study Groups to consider in their Study Groups the recommendations pertaining to their subject - there was a list on pages 3 and 4 of the document - and whether these Study Groups considered these specific recommendations as a whole to be still valid or not, without alteration of the text. The fundamental idea behind this proposal was that when the Study Groups had given their views to the Plenary Session and the question had been discussed there, the situation would be fully cleared up. This would, after the Session was over, enable the Secretariat to prepare a book which would be complete in itself and which would contain all recommendations which the C.C.I.R. Plenary considered to be valid, so that in future it would not be necessary to refer to two or three books published at different times. After a short discussion in which Mr. Bouchier (Belgium), the Chairman and Mr. Allen (United States), took part, it was agreed that the findings of the Study Groups in this matter be forwarded first to the Organisation Committee prior to being sent to the Plenary Assembly. Mr. Gracie (I.F.R.B.), stated that there had been an exchange of correspondence between the I.F.R.B. and the Director of the C.C.I.R. in regard to guidance by the C.C.I.R. to the I.F.R.B. in the solution of some I.F.R.B. problems. Some of the correspondence dealt with new questions which might bo appropriately studied by the C.C.I.R. and which would no doubt bo discussed in due course. Others, which were covered mainly by Recommendation No. 14 of the Extraordinary Administrative Radio Conference, were natters the answers to which, in the view of the I.F.R.B., was urgent and to which they hoped it would be possible for the Study Groups of this Assembly to give consideration. He understood "that the correspondence was being reproduced as a Conference document and he would like these papers to be referred to the Organisation Committee as soon as possible, so that any questions which the I.F.R.B. had mentioned or any points on which they had sought guidance might be placed before the Chairman of the appropriate Study Group for action, if possible during the present Plenary Assembly. Dr. van der Pol explained that the correspondence to which Mr. Gracie, the number of the I.F.R.B., had just referred, had been received by the Secretariat only a week or so ago and was in the process of being translated and reproduced. Ho hoped to be able to issue it very shortly*- He considered the proposal to be excellent and that the Assembly, should try to, do at least some work here in London on these problems to which the I.F.R.B. needed an urgent answer. It was agreed that these papers should come before the Organisation Commit "bee*as soon as possible.

26 -33- (Doc. 9* Any Other Business* ror.) Dr. Dellinger (United States), as Chairman of Study Group VI, brought to the attention, of the..plenary Assembly the status of- one of the subjects dealt rath in the Geneva 1951 Assembly, namely the Study of Ionospheric Absorption. By an error in the handling of documents it m s found at the end of the Conference that the recommendation which had been adopted by Study Group VI on this subject did not get to the Plenary Assembly and consequently was not formally adopted. So the Director, recognising the substance of the matter, was nevertheless not able to include this in the.volume I. of the Geneva documents. 'He did, however, have this recommendation printed on a loose coloured.sheet.and; inserted in the book and carefully explained its status..the recomnendation was still valid, and he (Dr. Dellinger) thought.that, it would be desirable at this Session, which was the first opportunity since the close of the Geneva Sessions, to formally approve this recommendation on ionospheric absorption* It was agreed. Mr. Tsingovatov (if.s.s.r.), Mr. Quspensky (Ukrainian S.S.R.) and Mr. Zharov (Bielorussian S.S.R.)> making reference to the observations made by their Delegations in 1951 concerning this subject*?reserved the views of their Delegations concerning this document. At the suggestion of Mr. Gneme it was agreed that the document should be appended to the Minutes of the meeting, f or the siake of clarity. Mr. van der Toom stated that as there would perhaps be no opportunity to publish it in a normal way he would inform the members of the Finance Committee that there would be an organisational meeting of his committee in Room 2 of Sanctuary Buildings, at the next rooming. at The agenda being concluded, the Chairman closed the meeting Rapporteur : Secretary : D«Rose R.V. Idndsey Approved : Chairman : J H. Faulkner Annex : 1

27 (Doc, 496» rev*) Note by the Director of the C.C.I.R, Due to an oversight the draft Recommendation, the text of which is given below, and which was drawn up by Working Group 6 B (Geneva Doc. No. 357), and then adopted by 18 votes against 8 at a ^joint meeting of Stucfy Groups Nos. IV, V and VI (Geneva Doc. No. 662), was not submitted to the Drafting Committee. It therefore has not been discussed in a plenary meeting. It concerns the carrying out, both experimentally and theoretically, of ionospheric absorption studies, as mentioned in Recommendation No. 8 (Study Group No. VI). The Director of the C.C.I.R. has the ref or o had this draft Recommendation added to Volume I as a loose sheet. The C.C.I.R., considering : DRAFT HSCCaWIDATlQN (Study Group No. VI) that a detailed iaicwledge of the magnitude of ionospheric absorption is necessary for the efficient use of the available frequency spectrum and for the practical design and engineering of radio broadcasting and communication circuits and sorvices; that the task of investigating ionospheric absorption and devising methods for applying the information to the problems of radio broadcasting and communication is primarily one that must be undertaken by scientific one! research organizations working on radio wave propagation; that the necessary investigations would be greatly assisted if the facilities of existing high power transmitters could be made available at times for the studies; that the report of the working group of Committee III at the IXth General Assembly of the U.S.3.1., Zurich, 1950, and also documents submitted to the VIth Plenary Assembly of the C.C.I.R., Geneva, 1951 (particularly Documents Nos. 61, 138, 139, 229, 247 of the Vlth Plenary Assembly of tho C.C.I.R. and Documents Nos. 113 and 129 of Y/ashington, 1930 and Document No. 15 submitted by Japan to tho Vlth Plenary Assembly of the C.C.I.R.) contain information of use to the Administrations and organizations participating in these studios; recommends :

28 (Boc. 436«*4na* rov«) (a) that Administrr.tions and research organizations expedite theoretical and practical studies of the absorption of radio waves propagated by wcy of the ionosphere at vertical incidence, as well as oblique incidence, with the object of obtaining the data and results required for the efficient utilization of the available radio frequency spectrum; (b) that the importance of obtaining such information in tropical regions, as well as in other parts of the world, should not be overlooked (c) that all organizations participating ir these studies collaborate and exchange information among themselves and with the U.K.S.I.

29 Vllth PLENARY ASSEMBLY C.C.I.R. LCNDCN, 1953 MINUTES OP THE SECOND PIENAKY SESSION 28 SEPTEMBER hour a Doc. 774-E rev* 3 October 1953 Page 1 PLENARY ASSEMBLY Subjects discussed: ,. Representation of the German Democratic Republic. Approval of Minutes of the First Plenary Session (Doc. 430* Discussion of proposed new questions for C.C.I.R. - Documents 416, 437# 448, 462, 4&# Consideration of texts, submitted by the Drafting Committee for adoption (Pink Sheets*):- *. Documents. 517, 507, 519# 520, 521, 522, 523# 524# A.508/ 525# 543, 544# 531# 532, 518 and 533- Mr. H. Faulkner, v/os in the Choir? he m s assisted by Professor Balth. van der Pol, Director of the C.C.I.R. and Mr. Leslie. Haves# Vice-Director of the C.C.I.R. Present: Admini s t rat i on 3 * ( UJ J 0 (a) Members of the I.T.U.: Australia, Austria, Belgium, Bielorussian S.S.R., P.R. of Bulgaria, Canada, China, Denmark, Egypt, Spain, United States of America, Finland, France, Hungarian P;JU, Lidia, Italy, Japan, Norway, Nev/ Zealand, Netherlands, P.R. of Poland, Federal German Republic, F.P.R. of Yugoslavia, Ukrainian S.S.R., Roumanian People s Republic, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syrian Republic, Czechoslovakia, Overseas Territories of the French Republic and Territories administered as such, Turkey, Union of South Africa and Territory of South-West.'.frica f tj.s.sjr., Veneauela.. (b) Associate Meciber. of the I.T.U.: British East Africa -t Recognised Private Operating Agencies: British Broadcasting Corporation Cable end Uirelcss Conpagaie Gcncrale de.telegraphic sans Fil Conpanliia Intenacional de Radio S.A. Conpanhia Portuguesa Radio Marconi

30 Kokusai Denshin Denwa Co, Ltd, Marconi International Marine Commiuaicatian Co. Ltd. Nippon Telegraph & Telephone Public Corp. Radio Austria A.G. Radio Italiana Transradio Espanola S.A. International Organisations: Comite International Radio Maritime Organisation Internationale de Radiodiffusion Union Europe enno de Radiodiffusion Union Radio -Sol ent if ique Internationale World Meteorological Organisation Permanent Organ of the I.T.U,: International Frequency Registration Board (I.F.R.B.) Mr. Gerald C. Gross (Assistant Secretary General of the I.T.U.) was also prosent. Secretary: (Doc* 774- rev#) Mr. Robert V. Lindsey The Chairman opened the meeting at 0930 hours, and before consideration of the first item on the Agenda, Mr. Tslngovatov (U.S.S.R.) requested the floor, and made the following statement in connection with the participation of the German Democratic Republic in the Vllth Plenary Assembly, C.C.I.R. "Before we proceed to the discussion of the items on the Agenda for today s meeting, I would ask that we consider on urgent question, for which a solution is required, namely the question of the participation of the German Democratic Republic in the vork of the Vllth Plenary Assembly of the C.C.I.R. "The essence of the question is known to the delegates from a letter addressed by tho German Democratic Republic to the Chairman of the Vllth Plenary Assembly of the C.C.I.R. and published in Document A99* "In a statement, made at the first plenary meeting, the Soviet Delegation already drew tho attention of tho Assembly to the fact that the German Democratic Republic, although a Member of the International Telecommunication Convention, has however been deprived of tho possibility of taking part in the work of the C.C.I.R., this directly contradicting the provisions of the Telecommunication Convention and hindering international cooperation. "The published letter from the Ministry of Posts and Teleoonmucic# of the German Democratic Republic rightly points out that the German Democratic Republic, which acceded to the I.T.U. Telecommunication Convention in accordance with the established procedure and which has fulfilled all the requirements prescribed by Article 17 of the Convention and by the Additional Protocol (II), is a participant in the Telecommunication Convention and a full Member as of right of the I.T.U, "Failure to invite the German Democratic Republic to participate in thew>rk of the Vllth Plenary Assembly of the C.C.I.R. thus constitutes a violation, of the provisions of the Telecommunication Convention and of the legitimate rights of the Germcn Democratic Republic. "Because of the above considerations, the Delegation of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics gives its full support to the legitimate and justified claim of the German Democratic Republic to an invitation to its delegates, accompanied by the necessary steps being taken, through the United Kingdom Administration, for the issue of entry visas.

31 3 - (Doc. Tfc^Etoy.) "The Soviet Delegation therefore proposes that the letter from the German Democratic Republic be discussed and a positive decision adopted, and that all necessary measures be taken to expedite the arrival of the delegates of the German Democratic Republic, enabling them to participate in the work of the Vllth session.mi In reply to the Chairman1s statement that the Conference had not the competence to decide this question and that he therefore ruled it out of order, Mr. Tsingovatov stated: "The Soviet Delegation cannot agree, Mr. Chairman, with your decision to discontinue discussion of the question. "The letter from the German Democratic Republic published in Document 499 poses an important and urgent quostion, requiring a solution, before the Vllth Plenary Assembly of the C.C.I.R. "We can neither evade discussion of this question nor refuse to take the necessary steps to satisfy the fair demand of the Gorman Democratic Republic. "The fact that the German Democratic Republic which is a Member of the I.T.U., was not invited to participate in the work of the Vllth Session of the C.C.I.R., constitutes a contravention of the Telecommunication Convention and of the legitimate rights of the German Democratic Republic. "The question posed to the C.C.I.R. Assembly by the German Democratic Republic is an important one and must be discussed. It is essential that the Delegations should express their opinion on the matter. Therefore, we strongly object to the discontinuance of the discussion and insist that the matter be considered. "The Soviet Delegation considers that, following, directions of the Telecommunication Convention and following the aims of international cooperation, the Plenary Assembly of the C.C.I.R. ought to decide to forward an invitation to the German Democratic Republic so as to enable its delegates to arrive at the Session as socn as possible in order to take part in its work." The Chairman then asked for a vote of confidence in his ruling, and Mr. Tsingovatov replied: "The Soviet Delegation deems it necessary to make the following Comment on procedure. "The customary normal procedure at all I.T.U. conferences and meetings has always been first to discuss the questions raised and then to vote on them. "Therefore, we object to your proposal for an immediate vote and insist that the discussion be continued." The Chairman pointed out that as a point of order it could not be debated but that a vote could be taken on it. The Meeting proceeded to vote as to whether it supported the ruling of the Chair. The Chairman s ruling was carried, the voting being;

32 4 ~ (Doc. 774-E rev.) 21 in favour 8 against 4 abstentions Mr. Tsingovatov then made the following statements "The Soviet Delegation considers that the decision adopted by the Meeting as a result of which the German Democratic Republic has been deprived of the possibility of taking part in the work of the VXIth Session of the C.C.I.R. is incorrect and contrary to the Telecommunication Convention and the aims of international co-operation proclaimed by it. 1The U.S.S.R. Delegation deems it necessary to point out that the delegates of the Bonn authorities do not and cannot represent the whole of Germany and that their participation in the work of the Plenary Assembly of the C.C.I.R. in the absence of representatives of the German Democratic Republic is illegal." Mr. Usnenskv. delegate for the Ukrainian S.S.R. stated: "The delegation of the Ukrainian S.S.R, considers that the decision, just adopted, not to discuss the letter from the German Democratic Republic published in Document No, 499, is incorrect, "The German Democratic Republic is a Member of the International Telecommunication Union and must take part in the work of the Vllth Session of the C.C.I.R. "Therefore, we fully support the statement made by the Soviet Delegation to the effect that the decision adopted is incorrect and that the German Democratic Republic must be invited to the Vllth Session of the C.C.I.R. "The presence of the German Democratic Republic would contribute to the development of international co-operation in the sphere of Telecommunication." Mr. Zharov, delegate for the Bielorussian S.S.R,, stated: "The Delegation of the Bielorussian S.S.R. fully subscribes to the statement made by the U.S.S.R. delegate concerning the urgent necessity of examining the letter from the German Democratic Republic and adopting a positive decision on the question of inviting the German Democratic Republic to participate in the work of the Vllth Plenary Assembly of the C.C.I.R." stated: Dr. Benkoe. delegate for the Hungarian Popular Republic "The Delegation of the Hungarian Popular Republic has already expressed, in Document No. 506, its point of view on the representation of the German Democratic Republic at the Vllth Plenary Assembly of the

33 - 5 - (Doc* 774*$ rev*) C.C.I.R. The German Democratic Republic has acceded to the International Telecommunication Convention in due and proper form and is therefore a full member of tho I.T.U. Tho whole of Germany cannot be represented by the delegates of the Bonn authorities,and the representatives of the German Democratic Republic must therefore take their lawful place in the C.C.I.R. and participate in its work. Tho decision taken by the Plenary Assembly is a direct violation of the spirit and aims of the Convention. This decision in no way helps to broaden or promote international collaboration in the sphere of telecommunications; on the contrary, it deprives' a member of the I.T.U. of its legitimate place. For this reason the Delegation of the Hungarian Popular Republic declares that the decision of the Assembly is irregular and violates the aims of international collaboration." stated: Mr. Baier. delegate for the Roumanian People1s Republic, "As already stated at.the first plenary meeting, the Delegation of the Roumanian People s Republic considers the German People s Republic is, as a Member of the International Telecommunication Union, fully entitled to take part in the work of tho Vllth Plenary Assembly of the C.C.I.R. "Our Delegation lias shown that the refusal to invite a Delegation from tho Gorman Democratic Republic constitutes a violation of the International.Convention, and is therefore illegal. "The Delegation of the Roumanian Peopile1s Re >ublic supports the just claim of tho German Democratic Republic to an invitation to take part, as member with full rights, in the work of the Vllth Plenary Assembly and is fully in agreement with the statement made concerning this matter by the head of tho U.S.S.R. Delegation. "Our Delegation considers the vote taken to-day as absolutely unjustified inasmuch as it upholds the unjust decision with regard to the German Democratic Republic. This vote, having confirmed the decision, can have nothing in common with the aims of international collaboration in the sphere of radiocommunioations which should be those of the C.C.I.R." * The Delegates for Czechoslovakia, the P.R. of Poland and the P.R. of Bulgaria also supported Mr. Tsingovatov s statement. The meeting then proceeded to the first item on. the Agenda. 'Approval of Minutes of First Plenary Session (Document 436) Before opening the matter for discussion, the Chairman stated that on page 4, paragraph 5, "Languages", the list of countries under (b) which have agreed to pay for the costs of simultaneous interpretation into Russian should include Czechoslovakia. Similarly, on page 2 under "International Organisations", the International Radio Maritime Committee (C.I.il.M.) should-be shown. * The Head of the Delegation of Czechoslovakia made a statement on this subject, the text of which is reproduced as on addendum to Doc* 774

34 - 6 - (Doc. 774-E rev.) 4 Dr. Tohon (China) pointed out some difference between certain words in the English text and the French text in Document No The Chairman undertook to arrange for the necessary alterations in the French text. Mr. Arciuch (People-1s Republic of Poland)asked that his country be included in the list of Countries under Point 5(b). The Chairman pointed out that this was already shown in a note at the foot of page 4, but that a note would be made in the Minutes of this meeting in respect of both Czechoslovakia and the People's Republic of Poland. Mr. Allen (United States) asked that the name of the United States be shown on page 3> paragraph 3, in connection with the formation of the Finance Committee. Mr. Tsingovatov (U.S.S.R.) asked that on the seoond line of page 6 the words "obvious abnormality 1 be substituted for "obvious absurdity". This applied to the English text only. Dr. Benkoe asked that his Delegation be given their correct denomination, viz. "Hungarian Popular Republic". It was shown as "Hungarian People's Republic" twice on page 2 and on page 4 in the list of countries participating in the cost of simultaneous interpretation. Subject to these amendments, the Minutes of the first meeting of the Vllth Plenary Assembly were approved. 2. Discussion of proposed new questions for C.C.I.R. Document No "The establishment of common standards for equipment operating in the 152 to 162 Mc/s maritime band" Mr. van de Velde (C.I.R.M.) introduced this document. He drew attention to the paper produced on the subject and added a fifth recommendation, that the increasing use of radio location, or radar, by the world fs shipping as a radio navigational aid demands that in the interests of safety, vessels equipped with radar should be able quickly to communicate with other vessels so equipped, and that such communications can best be carried.out on the V.H.F. maritime mobile bands. The meeting could reach no agreement as to whether the principle of this question was one within the competence of the C.C.I.R. and, after some discussion, a vote being taken, the document was not. accepted, there being five delegations in favour of studying the question, 21 against and eight abstentions. Mr. Allen (U.S.A.) then made the following statement: "The Delegation of the U.S.A., wishing to explain its vote on this question, does not object in principle to the study of the technical problems involved in the proposed question in Document No The U.S.A. objection is to the question as framed at present, particularly as regards any decision as to the type of modulation to be standardised for international use.

35 - 7 - (Doo. 774-E rev.) The U.S. does not object to a study to determine the technical characteristics of the two types of modulation concerned and to study the technical aspects of the other speoified items. "With regard to items (3) and (4 ) some interpretation of the word distance* is necessary* If 'distance* means frequency separation then the questions are within the competence of the C.C.I.R. If 'distance* refers to mileage or geographical separation, then they are not within the competence of C.C.I.R., but are matters for an Administrative Conference." Document "determination of standards for freauencyhaodulation s ound-br oadcast ing " Mr. van der Toom (Netherlands) introduced this document and the meeting agreed with the principle underlying this question. Following a comment by Mr. Tsingovatov (U.S.S.R*) on the use of the word "standard" and on the whole of the second paragraph, it was decided that an ad hoc group be set up to reconsider this question, consisting of Mr* McNaughton (in the Chair), Mr* van der Toom (Netherlands), Mr. Tsingovatov (U.S*S.R.) and a delegate each from France, Syria, United Kingdom, Switzerland and Finland, the question then to be sent to the Drafting Committee before being again brought to the Plenary Assembly. Document AAS - "long distance wide-band radio relay systems" Mr* Pedersen (Denmark) introduced this document as follows: 1* "In Document 448 the Danish Administration has proposed that the C.C.I.R. should study tho technical moans for the establishment of wide band radio relay systems between the communication centres of the various Regions of the world. " 2. Many countries are looking forward to the establishment of long distance T.V. circuits. And especially the smaller countries hope, perhaps a little lightheartodly, in this way to facilitate the problem of providing programmes for an external T.V. service. And we believe that a potential need for a manifold increase in the telephone and telegraph facilities will be found if a better service is provided. " 3. And at the same time it will be quite essential to find ways and means for replacing H.F* radio circuits by other circuits not occupying frequency spectra in the overcrowded ports of the frequency allocation table. " 4* We do not know to what extent the problem should be solved by means of cable circuits or by radio relay systems. The relative merits of the two systems will no doubt change from time to time in the coning years when new technical means like the transistor are introduced. I

36 (Doo. 77k-E n w, ) " 5. but we believe that it would hardly be justified to decide upon major new intercontinental multi-channel cable projects without having considered the possibility of using, radio relay systems for TV and multi-channel telephone circuits. 1 6,. Much of the infozraation needed for the planning of wideband radio relay systems will eventually be available as a result of the good work of Study Group IX and others, especially in connection with the Study Programme No, 2G. H 7, but the planning of intercontinental wide-band radio relay systems is rather a special case. There will be some quite difficult administrative problems arising out of the greater number of different Administrations involved in such a planning.,r 8. And the technical problems will be quite serious as we shall be dealing with cases veiy close to the border line, between the possible and the Impossible. tit will be a question of propagation over sea and perhaps over deserts './here local climatic conditions may prove to be the deciding factor. Tests and measurements in different countries along the route may therefore be essential. " 9 * And it './ill bo necessary to ad just, the equipment specification to fit in with the propagation results. The relative merits of time division multiplex and of frequency division multiplex will probably have to be considered for each individual case. The same will probably apply to the method for combining IV channels and telephone channels in order to obtain an acceptable economy for the system. " 10. It is clear that such a Study Programme must be a long tern programme. Perhaps v/e cannot do much about it at the present moment, but all the same the principle should be decided now in order to have the organisation ready for use when needed. 11. The past experience of the C.u.I.s shows that a co-ordination work which starts only at the time when experience has proved the necessity of such a co-ordination, in most cases will fail, simply because the administrations by that time have committed themselves too much to be able to make the necessary readjustments. * 12, It is for that reason v/e propose to start the new Study Programme now.w In answer to a question he clarified the intention of the document by saying that it applied to the possible requirement of circuits between major regions of the world, thus involving a great number of countries.. In answer to a question by Dr. Sterky, Hr. Gross (Asst* Secretary General, I.T.U.) gave information on the extent to which Administrative Council Resolution No. 247 had been implemented.

37 - 9 -.(Doc. 774-E rev.) After some discussion it was agreed that the general principle underlying the document be accented, and it was decided that a small ad hoc group of Study Group IX be set up, under the chairmanship of Mr. Stanesby (United Kingdom), with as members Denmark, United States, France, Sweden, India and a representative of the Secretariat of the C.C.I.Ro, with a view to redrafting this document. The United Kingdom also signified its desire to take part in the work of the ad hoc group. The meeting was suspended from 1115 to 1145 hours. Document nbearing and Position Classification for HF and VHF Direction Finding1 After a brief introduction by Mr. Allen (United States), who, after some general discussion, reviewed the purpose of the question as relating to a determination of the accuracy of direction finding in the higher frequencies, it was decided that an ad hoc committee be set up under the chairmanship of Mr. Stanesby, in an endeavour to bring the question within the orbit of the C.C.I.R. The members of the committee to be Dr. Dellinger (U.R.S.I.), Mr. Turner (United States), Mr. Lacharnay (France) and Dr. Sarwate (India). Mr. Arciuoh (P.R. of Poland) reserved the opinion of his Administration on this document. Document "Development of a Marine Identification System to facilitate safe movement of vessels in congested and restricted areas Mr. Allen (U.S.) withdrew this document pending the submission of a new text. Document Draft Resolution "Measures increasing the utility of the 26 Mc/s Broadcasting Band during years of high Solar activity Mr. Stanesby (U.K.) briefly introduced this document. Following comment by Mr. Tsingovatov it was decided that this document be sent to the ad hoc committee under the chairmanship of Mr. McNaughton, for consideration. Following a remark by Mr. Gneme (Italy), the Chairman requested Mr. McNaughton also to consider whether the document should be drafted as a recommendation or as a resolution. 3 Consideration of texts submitted by the Drafting Committee for adoption Document Study Programme No.... "Selectivity of Receiversn Mr. David. Chairman of Study G'^oup II, in introducing this document outlined generally the work of Study Group II. He said that their work fell into four parts, viz. a study in a classical form of the three fundamental properties of receivers - sensitivity, selectivity and stability - and fourthly a consideration of the new definition, possible progress and possible improvement of receivers. The Questions and Study Programmes studied had produced a number of very satisfactory answers, and he thanked the Engineers of the General Post Office for their generous assistance. He also stated that his Group had worked ' closely in contact with Study Groups Nos. I, III and XI.

38 (Doc* 774-E rev#) Mr. Bramel de Cld.ioulx.as Chairman of the Drafting Committee, pointed cut that the documents were to be considered with the understanding that the numbering on the Pink Documents would be modified if this' proved necessaiy. He also said that a list would be made in the three working languages of minor editorial errors which appeared in various documents, with a view to submission to the Secretariat, in order that the final texts for publication should be entirely satisfactory. Discussion followed on the numbering of documents, and at the suggestion of the Chairman it was agreed that this question should await the proposals of the Drafting Committee. Document 517 was then unanimously adopted by the meeting. (The meeting was suspended from 1235 hours to 1500 hours) Document Report Ho.... "Field Strength Measurements1 Dr. Smith-Rose.as Chairman of Study Group V, indicated in introducing this document that it was a revision of Report No. 6 in the Geneva document, and as it referred to Question 8, paragraph (a) (7 ) he considered there should be a reference to that effect in the title. As there were no comments on this document it was adopted unanimously. Document Study Programme No.... Tropospheric Y/ave Propagation1*. Dr. Smith-Rose briefly explained the changes made in this revised version of the Geneva document. This document was adopted subject to the reservation of their opinion by the Delegations of U.S.SUR., Ukrainian S.S.R., Bielorussian S.S.R., Czechoslovakia, Roumanian P*R*> Hungarian P*R# and P.R. of Bulgaria. Document Recommendation No.... "Best Methods for Expressing Field Strength for Pulse Transmissions". After a short introduction by Dr. Smith-Ro^e, this recommendation was adopted unanimously. Document 521, with Corrigendum No. 1 - Recommendation No.... "Field Strength Measurement1*. Dr. Smith-Rose explained the changes made in the revision, and subject to a minor amendment in the French text, suggested by Mr. Bramel de Cl^joulx, the document was adopted unanimously. Document Recommendation No.... "Field Strength Measurement." Dr. Smith-Rose again explained changes made in the revised Recommendation, and remarked on the spelling of the word "antennae", shown as "antennas". Mr. Bramel de ClejoulX suggested a slight amendment in the text and with these alterations the Recommendation was adopted unanimously.

39 (Boo* TTV rev*) Document Question No, c.. "Automatic Monitoring of OhErr-el Occupancy". Mr. Campbell, Chairman of Study Group VIII, briefly introduced this document as the draft of a new Question. Mr. Bramel de Clejoulx proposed an amendment in the title of this Question. 'Mr. /irciuch proposed the deletion of paragraph (c) of the Considerings. This was agreed and the Question was adopted, subject to the reservation of their opinions by the Delegations of the U.S.S.R., Ukrainian S.S.R., Czechoslovakia, Hungarian People s Republic,R-R* of Bulgaria,Bielorussian S.S.R. and Roumanian?cR» Document Question No.,... "Frequency Measurements above 50 Mc/s by Monitoring Stations".. After brief introduction by Mr. Campbell, this Question was unanimously adopted without comment. Document Recommendation No.... "Y/atch on the Radiotelephony Distress Frequency of 2182 kc/s". After introduction by Mr. Stanesby (Chairman, Study Group IX), minor amendments were suggested by Dr. Sterky, who also indicated that the Swedish Aap&nistration was contemplating inviting certain Administrations to a discussion of this problem probably in the spring of 1955* The amendment suggested by Dr. Sterky was agreed to. Hr. Tsingovatov (U.S.S.R.) made the following statement : "The U.S.S.R. Delegation accepts the recommendation contained in Document 503, with the following reservation : "Automatic or aural watch of the alarm signal on the distress frequency of 2182 kc/s shall be organised only on board ships not fitted with radiotelegraph equipment." and the Chairman suggested that Mr. Stanesby and Mr. Tsingovatov endeavour to agree on a suitable text and present the document at 'a future meeting. This was agreed. Document 525 ~ Recommendation No.... "Alarm Signal for use on the Maritime Radiotelephony Distress Frequency 2182 kc/s". Mr. Stanesby introduced the document, and pointed out a certain lack of order in the numbering of the paragraphs. Subject to the correction of this point, the document was adopted unanimously. Document 5A3 - Recommendation No... "Power Relationship for Modulated Emissions". Mr. Stanesby explained.briefly the purpose of the document and it was adopted unanimously.

40 12 (Doc. 774-E rev.) Document Recommendation No.... "Methods of specifying the Power supplied to an antenna by a radio transmitter" Mr. Stanesby stated that the purpose of this document was similar to "that of Document 543*?v"r. Tsingovatov (U.S.S.R.) stated:* "Ififhile accepting the draft recommendation submitted in Document 544, the Delegation of the U.S.S.R. finds it necessary to note that the definitions of the power of a radio transmitter given in points of the Atlantic City Radio Regulations cannot be used for the purposes of frequency allocation and for the determination of the interfering action caused by a transmitter. " The document was then adopted unanimously. Document Recommendation No.... Standards of Sound Recording for the international exchange of Programmes1 Mr. McNaughten. Chairman of Study Group X, explained the origin of this document and Document 532 at some length. The Delegations of the People1s Republic of Poland, Czechoslovakia, the Hungarian Popular Republic, People s Republic of Bulgaria, Ukrainian S.S.R., Bielorussian S.S.R. and the Roumanian People s Republic.indicated that they could not accept this document, and Mr. Tsingovatov (U.S.S.R.) made the following statement: "At the present time various countries use different types of apparatus for the sound recording of broadcast programmes. There is a great variety of types of apparatus and this branch of broadcasting is developing rapidly. In view of this it is at present inexpedient to introduce any kind of international standards for sound recording; and. it is sufficient to confine oneself to the standardisation on a purely local, i.e. national basis. "It must be pointed out that the rejection of technical sound recording standards on a world-wide basis will in no way cause any difficulties in the exchange of broadcast programmes,, as any technical problems arising in connection with this can always be successfully solved by the administrations concerned, as has hitherto been the case. "For these reasons the Soviet Delegation does not accept Recommendations Nos. 81 and 86 (as contained in Documents 531 and 532) and maintains the view that each countzy should use for the sound recording of broadcast programmes the technical standards which appear most suitable. adopted. Document 531 was then, subject to the above reservations,

41 (Doc 774-E rev*) < Document Re commendation No.... Standards of Sound Recording for the international exchange of Programmes,, Lateral Gut Recording on Disk This document was approved, subject to the exception of the Delegations enumerated for Document 531, Dr. van der Pol s proposal to improve the form of the mathematical formula on page 3 being agreed* Document Question No.... Advantages to be obtained from consideration of polarization in the planning of Broadcasting Services in the VHF and UHF Bands (Television and Sound). After a short;introduction by Mrv, Esping. Chairman of Study Group XI, this document was unanimously adopted, subject to the incorporation of a small drafting amendment suggested by Mrn Stanesby. Document Report Ho.... Decimal Classification. Professor Gorio. Chairman of Study Group XIV, explained the purpose of this document and it was then adopted unanimously. Mr. Hayes. Vice-Director of the C.C.I.R., pointed out that there had been no decision by the Meeting on the use of the word antennas or antennae as raised by Dr. Smith-Rose. After discussion it was agreed that the C.C.I.R. would adopt the spelling shown in the Concise Oxford English Dictionary., The meeting rose at 1630 hours. Approved s Rapporteur : Secretary : Chairman : D. Rose R.V. Lindsey H. Faulkner I

42 Vllth PLENARY 'ASSEMBLY- G.C.I*R. LONDON, 1953 Affleadm J>o Occ» 774*E October, Addendum to page 5 (Doc. 774-E) statement : Mr* Beho, the Czechoslovak delegate, made the follovdng The opinion of our Delegation regarding the representation of the German Democratic Republic at the Vllth Plenary Assembly of the C.C.I.R. has already been indicated in Doc. 477* The' German Democratic Republic has duly acceded to the International Telecomraunication Convention in accordance with the provisions of Article 17 of the Convention and of the Additional Protocol (II) thereto. As a Member of the I.T.U. it is fully entitled to an invitation to participate in the work of the Assembly, The delegates of the Bonn authorities cannot and do not represent the whole of Germany and their presence at the Conference in the absence of representatives of the German Democratic Republic is illegal. The presence of delegates from the German Democratic Republic would be a great contribution to international cooperation in the sphere of radiocornmunication.,fwe consider that the decision just adopted by the Assembly depriving the German Democratic Republic of the chance of participating in the work of the Vllth Plenary Assembly of th C.C.I.R. is irregular and contributes nothing to international cooperation in the domain of radio- communi cati on» /signed/ M. Beho Head of the Czechoslovak Delegation.

43 Vllth. PLSNARY ASSEMBLY C.C.I.R. LONDON, 1953 Doc# 807-S 2"6th October 1953 page 1 plenary ASSEMBLY MINUTES. OF THE THIRD PLENARY SESSION 30bh September Q 'hours Subjects discussed: 1# Consideration of texts submitted by the Drafting Committee for. adoption (pink sheets) : Present? Docs# 656, 657# 658, 659, 660, 661, 672, 662, 663, 664, 666, 667, 668, 671, 632, 633, 587, 588, 589, 590, 591, 592, 593, 594, 625, 626, 634, 635, 636, 637, 638, 639, 640, 641, 642, 643, 644, 669# / Chairman; Mr# H. Faulkner# Administrations, 1 r - P ( 1 * ~u*. ' ' ' * -. (a) Members of-i.t.u#:. Australia, Austria, Belgium, Bielorussian S.S R., P.R. of Bulgaria, Canada, China, Denmark, Egypt, Spain, United States of America, Finland, France, Hungarian People*s Republic, India, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Norway, New Zealand, Netherlands, Peru, P.R. of Poland, French Protectorates of Morocco and Tunisia, Federal German Republic, F.P.R, of Yugoslavia, Ukrainian S.S.R., Roumanian : People *s Republic, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syrian Republic, Czechoslovakia, Overseas Territories of;the French Republic and Territories administered as such, Turkey, Union of South Africa and Territory of South-West Africa, U.S.S.R., Venezuela. (b) Associate Member of I.T.U.? British East- Afrida. Recognized Private Operating Agencies: British Broadcasting Corporation Cable and Wireless Companhia Internacional de Radio S.A# International Marine Radio Company Ltd. (I.M.R.C.) Kokusai Denshin Denwa Co. Ltd., ' Marconi International Marine Communication Co# Ltd. (M.I.M.C.C.) International Organizations Organisation Internationale de Radiodiffusion (0 #I.R.). Union Radio Scientificpie Internationale (U.R.S.I.) World Meteorological Organization (W.M.O.)

44 - 2 - (Doc. 807-E) Permanent Organ of the I.T.U. International Frequency Registration Board (I.F.B.R.) present. Mr. Gerald C. Gross (Assistant Secretary General of the I.T.U.) was also Secretary; Mr. Robert V. Lindsey. The Chairman opened the Meeting at 0930 hours. He suggested that, as some documents on the Agenda had only been circulated that morning, consideration of these should be postponed until the afternoon session. This was agreed. The documents to be considered in tho morning session were Nos. 632, 537, 588, 589, 590, 591, 592, 593, 594, 625, 626, 639 and 641. Study Group VIII:. Pod Recommendation; Accuracy.of Field Strength Measurements by Monitoring Stations Mr. Campbell, Acting-Chairman of S.G. VIJCI, briefly introduced this document and connected it with Doc. 633, which was to have appeared on the morning*s agenda. Mr. Tsingovatov (U.S.S.R.) considered that paragraph (b) of the Preamble should be deleted. Hr. Ouspensky (Ukrainian S.S.R.) supported the notion. On a vote being taken the motion was lost, the voting 7 in favour, 21 against.. 4 abstentions. Mr. Tsingovatov gave his reasons for asserting that adoption of this document as a Recommendation would be premature, and considered that the Assembly should prepare a Report on this subject, indicating the data available, where observed and obtained,and stressing the fact that the information was of a preliminaiy nature and further study had to be made. Mr. Allen (United States) spokp.,sn support of the document as a Recommendation and the opinion of the Meeting was taken on a show of hands, the voting being 28 in favour of its adoption, 8 against; with no abstentions. Doc. 632 was therefore adopted, the Delegates of the P.R. of Poland, the U.S.S.R., Czechoslovakia, Bielorussian S.S.R., Ukrainian S.S.R., Roumanian P»R»~ and Hungarian PJt.. reserving their opinions. Study Group IX Doc Recommendation; - Standardization of Phototelegraph Apparatus for Use on. Combined Radio and Metallic Circuits. Mr. Stanesby Chairman, Study Group IX, introduced the document and proposed, in the penultimate line of para, (f), to replace the word "keying by "modulation". Agreed*- 1

45 - 3 - (Doc. 807-E) Mr. Bramel de Cle.ioulx. as Chairman of the Drafting Committee, suggested that the two paragraphs of point. 5 on page 3 should form a single paragraph. Agreed. Mr. Arciuch (P.R. of Poland) suggested the deletion of the remark referring to the views of the United States, and that it be included in the Minutes of the Meeting. Mr. Stanesby pointed out that this paragraph had been included for purposes of consistency with the corresponding C.C.I.T. document. Mr. Allen (United States) indicated that he had no objection to Mr. Arciuch*s proposal. The remark was therefore deleted from Doc. 587, and the text is given below "It is the understanding of the United States that the recommendations relating to standards for phototelegraph equipment are not intented to require the imposition of such standards on private users, who use their own equipment for the transmission of pictures over private circuits " Doc as amended^ was unanimously adopted. Doc Recommendation i - Standardization of Phototelegraph Apparatus for Use on Combined Radio and Metallic Circuits. In introducing the document, Mr. Stanesby pointed out that it was erroneously given as a Recommendation, and should be a Resolution. He further proposed that, in the title, the word "phototelegraph" be replaced by "facsimile", Agreed. Subject to these modifications, Doc. 588 was unanimously adopted. Doc Question ; Facsimile Transmission of Documentary Matter Over Combined Radio and Metallic Circuits. After a brief introduction by Mr. Stanesby. Doc. 589 was unanismously adopted, without discussion. Doc. 5C, 0 - Question : Transmission of Half-Tone Pictures over Radio Circuits. After a brief introduction by Mr. Stanesby. Doc. 590 was unanimously adopted, without discussion. Doc Recommendation : - Pulse Transmissions for Radio Direction Finding. The document was introduced by Mr. Stanesby. Chairman, Study Group IX Prof. van der Pol pointed out that the term "probable error", occurring in the last paragraph of the Annex, should read : "standard deviation" Agreed. Subject to this amendment, Doc. 591 was unanimously adopted.

46 Doc* 592 * Reports - Use of Radio Circuits in Association with 5-Unit Start-Stop Telegraph Apparatus Mr* Stanesby introduced the document, together with the corrigendum, which applied only to the English text* Doc* 592, as corrected, was unanimously adopted* Doc* Questions - Use of Radio Circuits in Association with 5-Unit Start-Stop Telegraph Apparatus After a brief introduction by the Chairman of Study Group IX, the document was unanimously adopted* Doc* Study Programmes Use of Radio Circuits in Association with 5-Unit Start-Stop Telegraph Apparatus After a brief introduction by Mr* Stanesby, the document was unanimously adopted* Doc* Question: Use of Radio Circuits in Association with 5-Unit Start-Stop Telegraph Apparatus Introducing the document, Mr* Stanesby pointed out that the last sentence was not clear* It was decided, in order to save time, to refer the document back to the Drafting Committee* Doc* Question: Use of Radio Circuits in Association with 5-Unit Start-Stop Telegraph Apparatus In introducing the document, Mr* Stanesby pointed out that it was for submission to the CCIT. It was t&en adopted unanimously* Doc* Question r Standardisation of Multi-Channel Radio Systems Using Time.Division Multiplex Introducing Doc* 639, Mr* Stanesby suggested : - that the word "telephone 1 be inserted between "radio" and "systems" throughout the document; - that in para* 1, the words "radio telephone" be inserted between "multiplex" and "systems ; - that the title be expanded by the words "and Operating at Frequencies Above 30 Mc/s"; - that the same addition be inserted in para, a), after the word "multiplex", and in pdra* 1 (second line), after the word "systems". Agreed* (Doo* aoams ) Subject to these modifications, Doc. 639 was unanimously adopted* 1

47 (HoOfi 80W3) Doc* Question s Signal Amplitudes in Individual Channels of Multi-Channel Systems* Introducing Doc* 641, Mr* Stanesby. Chairman, Study Group IX, pointed out that this question was for submission to the C.C.I.F* He suggested that the word "telephone1 be inserted s - in the title, between "multi-ohannel" and "systems" 5 - in para* a), between "multi-channel" and "systems" 5 - in the final paragraph, between "individual" and "channels"* Agreed* Doc* 64I, as amended, was unanimously adopted* The Meeting was suspended from 1100 to 1500 hours. At 1500 hours, the Chairman reopened the Meeting and announced the sudden death Of Baron de la Chevreliere, representative of the Compagnie Generale de Telegraphie sans Fil at the Assembly* A minute of silence was observed as a mark of respect to the late Baron de la Chevreliere, and the Meeting ajoumed to 1530 hours. The Meeting reopened at 1530 hours to consider the remaining documents* Study Group I s Doc* Study Programme : Frequency Shift Keying* Doc* Study Programme : Methods of Measuring Emitted Spectra in Actual Traffic, Doc* Question : - Arrangement of Channels in Multi-Channel Telegraph Systems for Long-Range Radio Circuits, introduced by Pro Efetzler. Chairman of Study Group I, were adopted unanimously, subject to minor drafting modifications* Doc* Recommendation : Arrangement of Channels in Multi-Channel Transmitters for Long-Range Radio Circuits* The document- introduced by Dr* Metzler. was adopted with minor modifications, subject to reservation of th&ir views by the Delegates of the U.S.S.R*. P.R* of Poland. The S.S*R* the Bielorussian S.S.R*. the P.R* of Bulgaria. The Hungaria P.R* and Czechoslovakia * Doc* Recommendation - Telegraphic Distortion* The document, introduced by Dr* Metzler. was adopted unanimously* Doc* Recommendation - Frequency Shift Keying* The document was introduced by Dr* Metzler* The Delegate of the Roumanian Peopled Republic proposed as an amendment to the document the deletion of paras* 3 and 4 of the "Recommends"* This proposal was put to the vote on a show of hands %the motion was lost, the vote being 8 in favour. 28 against and 2 abstentions0

48 - 6 - (Doc. 807-E) adopted. A change in wording proposed by Mr. Bramel de Cle.ioulx: (France) was Mr. Tsingovatov (U.S.S.Rj made the following statement : 'The Soviet Delegation considers that at the present time no definite standards for frequency shift in frequency shift keying can be recommended, sinee the operational experience so far gained does not permit accurate assessment of the relation between the shift and the speed of keying, the length of the circuit and propagation conditions* Therefore, the Soviet Delegation considers that for the present no preferred shift values or standards should be established, as proposed in the Recommendation contained in B e Further -study should be made of all factors determining the choice of optimum shift value for various transmission conditions. For these reasons, the Soviet Delegation reserves its opinion on the Recommendation submitted in Doc. 661." The Delegates of the P.R. of Poland, the Roumanian P.R., the Hungarian P.R.. the P.R. of Bulgaria. CzechoSlovakia and the Ukrainian S.S.R. supported the reservations espressed by the Delegate of the U.S.S.R. Study Group II Subject to these reservations the document was approved. Doc Stttdy Programme - Protection against keyed Interfering Signals. The document was introduced by Mr. David. Chairman, Study Group II. Subject to the reservation of his views expressed by tho Delegate of tho U.S. S.Rfeconcerning the statement maiding reference to Rocomenclation- No* 36, which was not acceptable to his Delegation, the document was adopted unanimously. Statement by the Soviet Delegate : "The Soviet Delegation accepts the Study Programme subaitted in Doc However, since that Study Programme contains references to Recommendation No. 36, the Soviet Delegation deems it necessary to point out that Recommendation No, 36 is unacceptable because of its lack of justification." Study Group III Doc Recommendation t - Bandwidth required at the Receiver Output. The document was introduced by Dr. van Duuren. Chairman, Study Group III. The document was adopted with drafting modifications, subject to the following reservations by the Delegates of the U.S.S.R. and the Bielorussian S.S.R.. supported by the Delegates of the P.R. of Poland* the Ukrainian S.S.R. and Czechoslovakia.

49 - 7 - (Doc. 807-E) U.S.S.R. Statement: "The Soviet Delegation is against the adoption of the Recommendation contained in Doc. 662, since at present there is insufficient data available for assessing the bandwidth and the signavinterference ratio corresponding to the quality of communication required and taking account of the different nature of interference. "In our opinion, further study should be made of the bandwidth required and of'the signal/noise ratio for the whole circuit as well as for the receiver output. "Consequently, the Soviet Delegation does not accept the Recommendation contained in Doc. 662." Bielorussian S.S.R. Statement: "The Delegation of the Bielorussian S.S.R. cannot accept the Recommendation in Doc. 662, since the bandwidth standards recommended for telegraphy do not reflect the actual operational conditions and take account only of an ideal case* "Taking into account that ^onosjsheric propagation conditions are the deciding factors in determining the permissible degree of distortion in telegraphy and that tho Recommendation in Doc. 662, while recognizing the dependonco of channel spacing on tho presence and degree of fading does not in any way define this dependence, our Delegation considers that there is no possibility of practical application of this Recommendation. "As regards telephony, tho Recommendation is based only on a specific case of systems employing privacy equipment with the division into five bands, a fact which makes it impossible to regard tho limit frequency values proposed for the telephony spectrum as generally applicable to other systems. "For these reasons, the Bielorussian S.S.R. Delegation cannot accept the Recommendation submitted in Doc. 662a1.1 Doc» Recommendation: - Communication Theory,and Doc Recommendation: - Channel Separation introduced by Dr. van Duuren, were adopted unanimously. Study Group VII Mr. Decaux, Chairman of Study Group VII, gave a general summary of Docs SS and 671. In respect of Doc Recommendation: - Standard Frequency Transmissions and Tirae Signals, the Delegate of the U.S.S.R.made the following statement: "The questions of organizing the service of standard frequency and time signal transmissions are and must be completely within the competence of each National Administration. "A number of propositions contained in the Recommendation proposed ore con*e trary to this consideration and are designed to restr3.ct, in no uncertain manner* the sovereign rights of National Administrations. "Consequently, tho Soviet Delegation does not accept the Recomnendation c ont ained in Doc. 666."

50 - 8 - (Doc. 8C7-E) The Delegates of the S.S.R. of Bielorussia, the P.R. of Poland, the Ukrainian S.S.R., the Romanian P.R. and Czechoslovakia indicated that they were not prepared to accept the Recommendation in Doc* 666 and supported the statement of the Delegate of the U.S.S.R. In respect of Doc Question: - Standard Frequency Transmissions and lime Signals and Doc Study Programme: - Standard Frequency Transmissions and Time Sisals, the Delegations of the Bielorussian S.S.R., the P.R. of Poland, the Ukrainian S.S.R., the Romanian P.R. and Czechoslovakia, supported the following statement made by the Delegate of the U.S.S.R. : "For the reasons already stated by the Soviet Delegation in connection with Doc. 666, we reserve our opinion on the Question contained in Doc. 667 and on the Study Programme set out in Doc. 668." With these reservations, all three documents were adopted with drafting modifications. Doc Report: - Standard Frequency Transmissions and Time Signals was adopted unanimously. Study Group V U I : Dec Study Programme* - Accuracy of Fiold Strength Measurements by Monitoring Stations The document, introduced by Mr. Campbell, Acting-Chairman of Study Group VIII, was adopted unanimously with drafting modifications. Study Group IX: Doc* Recommendations - Wide Band Radio Systems Operating in the VHF, UHF and SHF Bands Sub-Control Stations, Doc Reports - Wide Band Radi 0.Systems Operating in the VHF, UHF and SHF Bands, Systems, Systems, Doc Question: - Artificial Reference Circuit for Wide Band Radio Doc Question: - Propagation Data Required for Wide Band Radio Doc Question* - Maintenance Procedure for Wide Band Radio Systems and Poo Question - Standardization of Multi-Channel Radio Systems Using Frequency Division Multiplex, were introduced by Mr. Stanesby, Chairman of Study Group IX. These; documents, with drafting modifications, were adopted unanimously. Doc. 642 Question - Transmission Characteristics of Line Systems' The document, introduced by Mr. Stanesby, was adopted unanimously, subject to drafting modifications. It was to be transmitted to the CCE?. Study Group XI, Doc Study Programme* - Measurement- of the Quality of Television Pictures and Doc Study Programme - Resolving Power and Differential Sensitivity of the Human Eye

51 - 9 - (Doc. 807-E) These documents were introduced by Mr. Esping, Chairman of Study Group XI, and were adopted unanimously, subject to drafting modifications. Doc Report - Ratio of the Wanted to the Unwanted Signal in Television Introduced by Mr. Esping, Chairman of Study Group XI, the document was adopted, subject to drafting modifications and to reservation by Mr. Tsingovatov (U S.S.R.), supported by the Delegates of Czechoslovakia, Ukrainian 8' S.R. and ~ Bielorussian &.S.R. Statement by the Soviet Delegate : "It is necessary to point out that study of the question of the permissible ratio of the wanted to the unwanted signal in talovision is of great scientific importance and it is essential, for practical purposes, that it should be solved correctly. "Nevertheless, the protection ratios given in Doc. 669 are proposed without sufficient justification and cannot, therefore, be recommended for use in engineering calculations. "It must be pointed out that, up to the present, no objective or sufficiently strict subjective method for evaluating the quality of the television picture has been worked out. Moreover, the relation is not sufficiently clear betv/een the electrical characteristics of fluctuating and interfering disturbances and their visual manifestation on the screen. "Consequently, the standards advocated do not indicate the degree of distortion and permit, in fact, free; interpretation of "a permissible level* of interference. It should bo noted that the standards recommended have not yet been, in practice, checked experimentally. Moreover, they do not show, to the degree required, the different television standards employed in different coua-. tries. They give no indication as to what levels of wanted and unwanted signals are being compared. Meanwhile, for positively and negatively modulated picture transmitters, a different type of interference to the picture is produced, while, the use of different video signal frequency bands also results, when the picture is split up into 405, 525, 625, or 819 lines, in a different kind of manifestation of interference on the screen. Therefore, the adoption of common protection ratios for different standards is impossible. "The protection ratios given take no account* of such important factors as the sensitivity and selectivity of television receivers. The fact that in various countries use is made of receivers of widely varying types possessing different electrical characteristics, has been disregarded. "A method for evaluating interference in television must be worked out. before any standards can be established. "For the above reasons, the Soviet Delegation objects to the adoption of the protection ratios proposed in Doc» 669* We consider that the question of protection ratios should be further studied and their efficacy checked experimentally, from the point of view cf the quality of the picture and taking account of the cost of the television receiver. "For the above reasons the Soviet Delegation reserves its opinion on the Report submitted in Doc. 669*" The Meeting closed at 1845 hours. Approved: Rapporteur : Secretary s The Chairman, D. ROSE R.V. LINDSSr. H. FAULKNER.

52 Vllth PLENAKI ASSEMBLY C.C.I.R, LONDON, 1953 MINUTES OF THE FOURTH PLENARY MEETING Doc, 808-E 1 October 1953 Page 1 PlftttftTy Assembly Thursday, 1 October 1953 at 9«30 a.m. Subjects discussed 1. Consideration and approval of texts submitted by the Drafting Committee (pink sheets): Study Group IV: Doc^ 619 Study Group V: Docs, 620, 621, 665, 670 Study Group VI: Docs, 622, 623, New Question proposed by the United States of America - Marine Identification Device (Doc. 687). 3. Draft Reoommendation submitted by the International Radio-Maritime Committee (C.I.RoM.) on the present situation of the Maritime Mobile Service in the VHU1band (Dqc, 695). 4. Possible reorganization of C.C.I.R, Study Groups (Proposals by the United Kingdom (Doc. 696) and the United States of America (Docl 697)*). Mr. H. Faulkner (United Kingdom) was in the Chair, He was assisted by Mr. Gerald C. Gross (Assistant Secretary-General of the I.T,U.), Prof. Dr. Baltn. van dor Pol, Director of the C.C.I.R., Mr. Leslie Wj Haves. Vice-Director of the C,G,I.R, and Mr. J. van der &ark. C1C.I.R. Counsellor1 Present 3 Administrati ons Members of the I.TaU Australia, Austria, Belgium, Bielorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, People's Republic of Bulgaria, Canada, China, Denmark,-Egypt, Spain, United States of America, Finland, France, Hungarian People's Republic, India, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Norway, New Zealand, Netherlands, Peru, People's Republic of Poland, French Protectorates of Morocco and Tunisia, Federal German Republic, Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia, Ukrainian. Soviet Socialist Republic, Roumanian People *s Republic, United Kingdom of Great. Britain and Northern Ireland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syrian Republic, Czechoslovakia, Territories of the United States of America,. Oversea Territories of the French Republic and Territories administered as such, Turkey, Union of South Africa and Territory of South-West Africa, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, Venezuela,, Associate Member of the I.T.U. : British East Africa.

53 (Doo. 808-E) Recognized Private Operating Aqenoies: British Broadcasting Corporation Cable & Wireless Compnnhia Intemacional de Radio S^A. Kokusai Denshin Denwa Co,, Ltdi Marconi International Marine Common, Co., Ltd, Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Public Corporation Transradio I5spanola International Organizations: International Radio-Maritime Committee (C.I,R.Mi) International Broadcasting Organization (i.b.o.) International Radio Scientific Union (U.RiS.I.) Specialized Agency of the United Nations: World Meteorological Organization (W#M«0,) International Telecommunication Union (I.T.U*) International Frequency Registration Board (I.F^R.B.) Secretary: Mr. R.V, Lindsey (C.C.I.R.) 1. Consideration and approval of texts submitted by the Drafting Oomidttee 1.1 Study Group IV: Study Programme No.H: Effects of tropospheric refraction on frequencies below 10 Mo/s (Doc. 619) Approved unanimously. 112 Study Group V: Study Programme: Tropospheric propagation curves for distances well beyond the horizon (Doo. 620). Approved unanimously with the following comment by the Delegation of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics: "The Soviet Delegation has no objection to the adoption of the Study Programme submitted in Doc We should, however, like to make it clear that the studies advocated and the resulting greater accuracy of the curves will only be of value for tho areas, conditions and directions of transmission to which the graphs refer," 113 Study Group V: Recommendation Noi 55; Tropospheric wave propagation curves (Doci 62l). Prof. Szulkin (P.R. of Poland) said that the curves shown in Annex I to Doc. 621 were not accurate and could be used only for experimental work and not for accurate scientific calculation. Since the matter was very important, a note should be inserted to that effect in the texti

54 - 3 - (Doc. 808-E) Mr. Tsingovatov (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics) said: The tropospheric propagation curves were conpiled from a limited number of measurements made in specific countries (mainly in North-East U.S^A, and in the United Kingdom) and they are inapplicable to other areas and climatic conditions. It should be pointed out that tropospheric propagation is entirely dependent on local conditions such as terrain and climate. Field strength variations in>trqpospheric propagation are conditioned by variations in the distribution of the refraction coefficient with height. That coefficient varies with tho distribution of temperature, humidity and air pressure with height 1 No adequate study has so far been made of these meteorological conditions and their variations. Consequently, the tropospheric propagation curves compiled on the basis of a limited - as regards both time and area covered - number of observations can be used only for the areas to which the experimental data refer. No universal or common application can be claimed for these curves, a fact which is, incidentally, mentioned in Doc. 621 itself. For the above reasons, the Soviet Delegation reserves its opinion on Recommendation No. 55 submitted in Doc, 621 which should not, in its viewj be adopted. Moreover, the Soviet Delegation believes that further study should be made of tropospheric propagation in various parts of the world. Prof. SaulkLn (P.R, of Poland) proposed that paragraph i) of Annex 2 be added to the end of paragraph c) of the considerations. This proposal was supported by the Delegate of the Roumanian Peopled Republic. Dr. Smith-Rose (United Kingdom) and Mr. Allen (United States) felt that the change was undesirable, since paragraph i) was not a reason for the recommendation and therefore had no place in the considerations# of hands. The Chairman put tho Polish proposal to the vote by a shew It was re.iected by 28 votes to 8, with 3 abstentions. Drl Smith-Rose (United Kingdom) suggested that Prof. Ssulkin s point might be met by simply underlining the words subject to the conditions stated in Annex 2 at the end of the recommendation* This suggestion was approved unanimously, but Prof. SzuUdn stated that he would have to reserve the position of the Polish Delegation on the adoption of Doc. 621 ^ On a suggestion by Dr. Smith-Rose. it was decided to invert the order of the two Annexes.

55 After an exchange of views between Mr. Bramel de Cle.ioulx (France), Dr. Smith-Rose (United Kingdom) and Mr.. Pedersen (Denmark), it was decided to reword paragraph h ) of Annex 2 as follows; h) The observed field strength depends upon the nature of the terrain over which the transmission takes place and these curves represent median values with respect to locations in the geographical areas (U.SiA, and Europe) in vhich the data were obtained. In addition to the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and the Peopled Republic of Poland, the following Delegations made reservations; Czechoslovakia. the Bielorussian S.S.R.. the P.Rl of Bulgaria, the Hungarian Peopled Republic. the Ukrainian S.S.R.. the Roumanian P.R. With the above reservations, the draft reoommendation in Doc, 621 was adopted with minor drafting changes, 1.4 Study Group V : Study Programme: Investigation of multipath transmission through the troposphere (Doc^ 665). Approved unanimously. 1*5 Study Croup V; Question No. Measurement of field strength in the neighbourhood of obstacles (Doc. 670), Approved unanimously. 1.6 Study Croup VI; Recommendation: Prediction of solar index (Doci622). Approved unanimously with minor drafting changes, 1.7 Study Group VI; Study Programme; Choice of a basic solar index for ionospheric propagation (Doc, 623). At the suggestion of the Delegate of the Ukrainian S.SjRi. it was decided to replace the last phrase of the Note" by "requesting U.R.SlI. to inform the C.C.I.R, of the results of these studies." approved; With a few minor drafting changes, Doc, 623 was unanimously 1.5 Study Group VI;Study Programme: Identification of precursors indicative of short-term variations of ionospheric propagation conditions (Doc. 624). With the "Note" redrafted as for Doc, 623, Doc, 624 was unanimously approved 1

56 New Question proposed by the United States of America: cation device (Doc, " W f ). 2.1 After Mr. Allen (United States of America) had introduced the document, Mr. Stanesby (United Kingdom) said that, in the view of the United Kingdom Delegation, such matters would be more appropriately treated by the proposed new International Maritime Consultative Organization, since questions of navigation were involved* However, since that Organization was not yet functioning, the United Kingdom, would not object if the Question were set for study by the C.C.I.R! In reply to Mr. Tsingovatov (U.S.S.R.), Mr. Allen (U.S.A!) explained that questions of navigation, etc., which were outside the competence of the C^C.I.R., had been touched tipon in the original draft, but the revised draft before the Assembly had been restricted to the purely technical aspects of interest to the C.C.I.R, which, he felt, would be remiss in its duties if it did not try to anticipate requirements and to find the best device! Mr. Tsingovatov felt it would be better not to take too hasty a decision. It would be interesting to know the views of the maritime organizations. The Chairman said that the question would not be clarified until vork on it had started. The maritime authorities and the new Organization, when it existed, would have to be consulted! < * > Subject to these considerations, the principle of Doc. 687 was approved and the text would be referred to the Drafting Consnittee! Draft Recommendation submitted by the International Radio-Maritime CoCTaittee (c.i.r.m.) on the present situation of the Maritime Mobile Service in the VHF band (Doo. 3!1 Although no objections of principle were raised, many amendments of substance were proposed. A proposal by Mr. Pedersen (Denmark) to set up an ad hoc working group to study tho matter and prepare a draft for direct submission to the Drafting Committee was therefore approved. The ad hoc group would be composed as follows: Mr.. Nielsen (Denmark), Chairman; Mr. Merriman (United Kingdom), Mr. Ikerlind (Sweden), Mr. Mortensen (Norway), Mr. van de Velde (C.I.R.M.), Mr. Turner (U.S.A.) and Mr, Vigneron (Tunisia and Morocco). Possible reorganization of C.C.I.R. Study Groups (Proposals by the United Kingdom (Doc! o9&) and the United States of America (Doc. 697). 4*1 A discussion arose in which the following views were expressed:

57 - 6 - (Doc* 808-E) Mr. Bramel de Cleioulx (France) i The existing division of the work by Study Groups had never been founded on the idea of service. Most of the problems tackled by the C.C.I.R. were common to all service's *Considerable caution should be exorcised before embarking on a reorganization, on the basis of service. Mr. Tsingovatov (U.S.S.R.) : The basic principle of the distribution of work among Study Groups should be a scientific necessity and the Groups should be organized with that purpose only in mind. Any reorganization was a very important matter and, since the question had been brought up only recently, there had been no time to study it deeply. It should be submitted to the Administrations for their opinions. Dr. Mstzler (Switzerland) : Any method of reorganization adopted must be evolutionary. Drastic changes might bring about some improvement but would create new difficulties. The best solution seemed to be the proposal in Doc. No. 697 to set up an Organization Committee to study the problem. Mr. Gneme (Italy) s There had been no time to study the matter. The proposal to set up an Organization Committee was the best solution. Dr. van der Pol (Director of the C.C.I.R.) : Some of the existing Study Groups were heavily loaded, others lightly loaded. It would be possible to redistribute the work among the existing Study Groups to remedy that situation. There was general agreement that the division of work into two categories - below and above 30 Mc/s - was desirable. That also could come within the framework of the distribution of work among the existing Study Groups. This could, and should, be done forthwith. He agreed that the approach should.be evolutionary, Mr Tsingovatov*s general principle that the work should be distributed on a scientific basis was sound. If a solution could be found combining both the practical aspect of services and scientific necessity, it Would doubtless be the ideal. It was unanimously agreed to sot up an Organization Committee to study any possible reorganization of the Study Groups, membership to be as proposed in Document 697. On a proposal by Mr. Gneme (Italy), supported by Mr0 Tsingovatov (U.S.S.R), it was decided that the Organization Committee would begin by preparing a basic document which would be sent to Administrations for thier comments, to be submitted before a certain fixed date. The meeting rose at p0m. Approved s Rapporteur : Secretary : Chairman ; H. Heaton R.V. Lindsey H* Faulkner

58 VHth PIENARX ASSEMBLE C.C.I.R. LONDON, 1953 Doo. 831»E 2 October 1953 Page 1 P1ENAHX ASSEMBLE M U T E S of the FIFTH PIENARY SESSION Friday, Z October at 9*30 a.m«subjects discussed Consideration and approval of texts submitted by the Drafting committee (pink sheets): Present: I. Study Group I :Doc. 718 II. Study Group II :Docs. 698, 699> 701. III. Study Group VI :Docs. 688, 689, 690, 702, 703, 704, 705, 706, 707 ' * IV. Study Group X Docs. 708, 709, 710, 711, 712, 713, 714 Mr. H.Faulkner (United Kingdom) was in the Chair. Adminis trations Members of the I.T.U.s Australia, Austria, Belgium, Bielorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, People s Republic of Bulgaria, China, Denmark, Egypt,. Spain, United States of America, Finland, France,Hungarian Poopl,s Republic i India, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Norway, New Zealand, Netnerlands, People s Republic of Poland, French Protectorat.es of Morocco and TUnisia, Federal German Republic, Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, Roumanian People *s Republic, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syrian Republic, Czechoslovakia, Territories of the United States of America, Oversea Territories of the French Republic and Territories administered as such, Turkey, Union of South Africa and Territory of South-West Africa,. Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, Venezuela. Associate Member of the I.T.U.: British East Africa Recognized Private Operating Agencies: - British Broadcasting Corporation, Cable and Wireless, Kokusai Denshin Denwa Co,Ltd, Marconi International Marine Commun.Co Ltd.(M.I.M.C.Co), Nippon Telegraph & Telephone Public Corp., Transradio Esparlola S.A. International Organizations International Broadcasting Organization (I.B.O.) International Radio Scientific Union (U.R.S.I.)

59 - 2 - (Doc. 831-E) Specialized Agencies of the United Nations World Meteorological Organization (W.M.O.) International Telecommunication Union (I.T.U.) International Frequency Registration Board (I.F.R.B.) Secretary: Mr. R.V. Lindsey (C.C.I.R.) o o o Consideration and approval of texts submitted by the Drafting Committee (pink sheets). X. Study Group I: Recommendation: Bandwidth of emission measurements made near the transmitter (Doc. 718) ' Approved unanimously. II# Study Group II: Question: Stability of receivers (Doc. 698) Consideration of this document was postponed until such time as the corresponding recommendation should come up for approval. Question: Undesired emissions from receivers (Doc. 699) On a proposal by Mr. Stanesby (United Kingdom), amended by Mr. Baliga (India), it was decided to re-word the footnote as follows: Note. This question should be studied in close collaboration with C.I.S.P.R. in order to avoid duplication of the work already carried out by C.I.S.P.R. on sound and television broadcasting receivers. With the above amendment and the addition in para, d) of the words: "not only between "from and the receiver, and but also between itself and the aerial, Doc. 699 was unanimously approved. Question: Choice of intermediate frequency and protection against undesirod responses of super-heterodyne receivers (Doc. 701) Approved unanimously with the addition in note (2) of London after Doc. 102". III. Study Group VI: Recommendation: Local lightning flash counters (Doc. 688) Dr. Dellinger (United States of America), Chairman of Study Group VI,

60 - 3 - (Doc. 831-E) introducing the document, said that the World Meteorological Organization was extremely interested in the matter, which it had agreed to study on the assumption that the C.C.I.R. would furnish a specification.for a counting device. Unfortunately, it had not proved possible to complete the worh and the recommendation described how it should be continued. Study Group VI had been unable to reach unanimous agreement on the Recommendation, which had been approved by a majority vote. It was the only case of that nature. On a suggestion by the Observer of the World Meteorological Organization j it was decided to re-word the second paragraph of the recommendation proper as follows: "2. that steps be taken by Study Group VI and the Director of the C.C.I.R., in collaboration with the World Meteorological Organization to arrange for direct comparisons to be made between the several devices" The delegate of Japan asked for Japan to be inserted in the list of countries in the third paragraph. Mr. Tsingovatov (U.S.S.R.) said: " Tbs Soviet Delegation sees no good reason for accepting this Recommendation. The task of the C.C.I.R. is to study technical questions conducive to further development and inprovement of radiocommunications and broadcasting.,f The elaboration and testing of a device for counting local lightning flashes is absolutely useless as regards broadcasting and radiocommunication. In fact, no benefit can be derived from counting of the number of flashes, unless the intensity of the flashes and the frequency spectrum of the interference are indicated at the same time., " Among the questions being investigated by the C.C.I.R* there are already questions involving detailed study of atmospheric noise. This study which provides the data required,is- of great value. " On the other- hand, the study of a device counting only the number of local lightning flashes is useless to the I.T.U. 1 The device in question is of interest to meteorological organizations which can always.place an order for one and test it experimentally. * For the. above reasons, the Soviet Delegation is against the adoption of the Recommendation contained in Doc.688*. Dr. Dellinger said that the matter had been fully debated in Study Group VI and a vote had been taken. There was no need to reopen the discussion. Mr. Zharov (Bielorussian S.S.R.) asked for an answer to be given to the point raised by Mr. Tsingovatov: What was the practical use of?.flash counter? Sow would it help the radio and broadcasting services? i

61 «* 4 * (Doc. 831-B) Chairman replied that the W.JI.O. required an electronic device and the C.C.I.R# was the most competent organ to study such a device. In addition, the C.C.I.R. itself was interested in the work,of the W.M.O. and could profit by it. As, however, there was a cleavage of opinion, he would put the Recommendation to the vote. The Recommendation in Doc. 688, as' amended, was approved by 23 votes to 8, with 5 abstentions. The Delegations of the U.S.S.R., the Bielorussian S.S.R.. the Ukrainian S.S.R., Czechoslovakia, the P.R. of Bulgaria and the Hungarian P.R. reserved their positions as regards Doc Study Programme: Non-linear effects in the ionosphere (Doc. 689)» Approved unanimously with the addition of the words "by Administrations and recognized private operating agencies1* after the word " studj* in the first line of the last paragraph and, in para a), the replacement of the word "spurious* by unwanted*1 Report: Practical uses and reliability of ionospheric propagation data (Doc. 690)» Mr. Baliga (India), referring, to the list of organizations on page 3, announced that the Radio Research Committee in India was proposing to make forecasts in the near future. Mr. Birell (Union of South Africa) asked for the Telecommunication Research Laboratory (T.R.L.), Johannesburg, Union of South Africa, to be added to the li^t. On the proposal of the Delegate of the Ukrainian S.S.R., it was decided to re-word the first paragraph after the list on page 2 as follows: "Except in the- case of e), these forecasts are based on an estimated level of solar activity for a specific month and the seasonal characteristics of the ionosphere are allowed for in detail. The usual application of these forecasts are:...". Tho delegate of Spain asked for the words "Spanish method to be replaced by " Gea method throughout, and this was agreed. It was also agreed, upon the proposal of the Chairman of Study Group, VI to insert at the top of page 5# the.origin of the documents listed there and also to transfer the text on page 2, starting :"During previous conferences.#" till the bottom of that page, to the end of para 4 on page 4, while changing in the first line of the text "these data* to "the basic propagation data". Subject to the correction of some typographical errors, Doc. 690, as amended, was unanimously approved.

62 - 5 - (Doc. 831-E) Study Programine: Ionospheric propagation of waves in the band 30 to 300 Mc/s (Doc. 7021* Approved unanimously. Study Pro gramme: Study of fading (Doc* 703)» With the drafting changes: in para a),second sub-para. replaced by': * - effects of equipment time constants, - selective fading*; in para a),penultimate line, reference to Study Groups X and XII inserted after "Study Group III ; in Note, second line, practical" replaced by 1experimental'*'* the changing of the reference to U.R#S.I. to correspond with the previously agreed text* ti Doc. 703 was unanimously approved. Study Programme? Basic prediction information for ionospheric propagation (Doc. 704)# " Approved unanimously, it being agreed that the footnote on page 3# referring to U.R.S.I., would be worded as agreed for previous documents# Study Programme: Use of special modulation on the 'standard^frequency transmissions for assessing the reliability of propagation forecasts (Doc. 705)* * On a proposal by Mr. Tsingovatov (U.S.S.R.) it was agreed that the third paragraph under "decides1* should be deleted# With the replacement, in para a),of,*permanentm by 1continuously operating*, Doc. 70$ was unanimously approved, as amended. Re commendation: Presentation of basic propagation prediction charts (Doc. 706). Approved unanimously. Resolution: Clarification of definition of MUF (Doc. 707). ^ was agreed to alter the title to Usage and meaning of MUF" and to delete the last three words "and perhaps FOT" With the above amendments, Doc. 707 was approved unanimously.

63 - 6 - (Doc. 831-B) IV* Study Group X: Study Programme* Standards of sound recording for the international exchange of programmes (Doc. 708). After Mr. McNaughten (United 8tates of America), Chairman of Study Group X, had introduced the document, Mr. Tsingovatov (U.S.S.R.) saids "In the course of discussion on Recommendations 81 and 86, the Soviet Delegation expressed its opinion regarding the undesirability at present of Establishing world-wide technical standards for sound recording. "Consequently, tho Soviet Delegation reseives its opinion on the Study Programme submitted in Doc. 70S* The Delegates of Czechoslovakia and the Roumanian Peopled Republic made similar reservations. With the above reservations and, in para 3> the addition of "(on the tape)* after wavelength? and the substitution of "Director" for Secretariat", Doc. 708 was approved. Question: H.F. broadcastings Modification of receivers for closer spacing between carrier frequencies (Doc. 709)* * Mr. McNaughten, Chairman of Study Group X, proposed the addition of a footnote readings.. "If the results obtained from the study of this question by Study Group X prove positive, the further detailed study of receiver design will be carried on in conjunction with Study Group IP1. Agreed. Mr. Stanesby (United Kingdom) proposed that the first paragraph under decides" be re-worded as follows s "1. Whftt modifications would be necessary in the desigi of H.F. broadcast receivers to permit reduced frequency spacing between double sideband transmissions without appreciably degrading the subjective quality of reception under practi cal conditions?. Mr. McNaughten seconded the proposal. Mr. Tsingovatov (U.S.S.R.) could not agree to the amendment since it was based cn anapriori assumption that it was necessary to reduce the quality of receivers which, from the point of view of bandwidth, was already not high enough. Since there was a difference of opinion, the Chairman put the amendment to the vote. It was carried by 17 votes to 8, with 6 abstentions.

64 / (Doc* 831-E) paragraph: Mr, Stanesby proposed the following re-wording of the second 2. How could such modifications be introduced into: - existing receivers? - new receivers? " Put to the vote, the amendment was carried by 19 votes to.0, with 11 abstentions,... Mr, Tsingovatov (U.S.S.R.) said: M The Soviet Delegation has already pointed, out the undesirability of adopting the Question submitted in Doc. 709* The amendment accepted in the course of discussion is founded on a possible decline in the quality of broadcast receivers which, in our opinion, is incorrect in principle. * Consequently, the Soviet Delegation does not accept the Question submitted in Doc. 709 Similar reservations were made by the Deleigations of the People Ts Republic of Poland, the Bielorussian S.S.R., the Ukrainian S»S«K.j Czechoslovakia and the Roumanian Peopled Republic. Subject to the above reservations, and with the insertion in para b) of "broadcaster" before "art", Doc. 709, as amended, was approved^ Study Programme: Use of synchronized transmitters (Doc. 710). With the title changed to "Use of synchronised transmitters in H.F. broadcasting1, the Study Programme in Doc. 710 was unanimously approved. Recommendation: Use of synchronized transmitters (Doc0 711) * As the text proposed did not, in fact, constitute a Recommendation and no modified text could immediately be agreed upon, the document, in order to save -time* was referred back to the Drafting Committee for re submission to a later Plenary session. Recommendation: Single sideband sound broadcasting (Doc. 712)» Unanimously approved with the following changes: in para a), first subparagr.frequency spectrum?1 changed to "radio spectrum?; third subparagraph: " some elaboration? changed to elaboration"; fourth subparagraph: iwif" changed to " whether"either" deleted.

65 8 (Doo. 831-'E) I Report: Questions 1A and 15 of the C.C.I.F. (Doc. 713)* Unanimously approved with, in the second paragraph referring to Question 14, "bearing" being replaced by "that bears" and "that" by "and" in last lines* Study Programme; H.F. Broadcasting: Justification for use of more than one frequency per programme (Doc. 714). Mr. Stanesby (United Kingdom) having pointed out that the first paragraph under "decides" was not clear, it was agreed, sifter discussion, to re-word it as follows: "1. The possibility of the use of an experimental method of using an overall reliability index under actual conditions of operation", Mr. Tsingovatov (U,S,S*R.) then made the following statement on behalf of the Soviet Delegation: "As already shown by discussion in Study Group X, the problem of the conditions justifying the use of more than one frequency for transmission of broadcast programmes to one area cannot be solved on the basis of a reliability factor as proposed in Doc. 188, "The method recommended by the U.S.A. in Doc. 188 is based on the use of the Mexico City curves, Circular No. 462 and R.P.U, Report No. 55 has, however, been confirmed by the discussions which have taken place in Study Group VI that the data contained in these documents are incorrect, unreliable and cannot therefore be used in solving the problem. "The proposal to introduce the "reliability factor" was apparently made to justify the use of two frequencies during evening and morning hours. "Such a decision is, however, unjustified, as during- the morning hours there is still little absorption and the level of atmospheric noise is lowf during evening hours the use of two frequencies is likewise unjustified as during that period absorption is negligible. "We feel that the use of more than one.frequency would be justified for those cases when the transmission line crosses the polar regions where absorption is considerable and very variable. "In view of the above, we believe that the solution of the question under consideration cannot be based on the "reliability factor" method proposed in Doc For this reason tho Soviet Delegation proposes two amendments: / "Amendment 1: Omit consideration b) of Doc. 714, thus enabling Administrations to carry out research by any method they may consider suitable. "Amendment 2: After the word "decides", amend the text of paragraph 1 to read as follows:

66 - 9 ~ (Door- W S ) *1* Under what conditions should it become necessary to use more than one frequency to transmit one programme to one reception area so as to ensure uninterrupted and satisfactory reception?* "May I ask you, Mr* Chairman, to give consideration to these amendments?* Mr* McNaughten (United States of America) pointed out that the document under consideration was the outcome of considerable work by Study Group X and the Sub-Groups. It had been adopted by a majority opinion in Study Group X and in any case there was wary little time left to recast the document as a whole* Mr. Ouspensky (Ukrainian S*S.R*) supported the Soviet amendments* Methods should not be restricted to that of the reliability index onlyjoc Curvws often overlapped, while LUF values were often too high. If the method advocated were the only one to be adopted, there was a risk of squaring those inaccuracies A more general text on the lines suggested by Mr* Tsingovatov was preferable* Mr*Baliga (India) thought that Mr. Tsingovatov *s objections might be met if the words * among others" were inserted after " method1 Mr* Tsingovatov (U*S*S*R*) said that the addition inproved the text of consideration b), which he could accept in the new: form, although his views on the reliability index were well known* There remained* however, the second amendment* He would give his final view on the Indian suggestion when the fate of his own second amendme^ had been settled* The Chairman put Mr* Tsingovatov*s second amendment to the vote* It was rejected by 20 votes to 8, with 7 abstentions. The Delegations of the U»S*S*R*. the People*s Republic of Poland. Czechoslovakia, the Ukrainian S*S*R*, the Roumanian P.R*, the Bielorussian S.S.R*, the People*s Republic of Bulgaria and the Hungarian Peopled Republic thereupon reserved their position as' regards Doc With the above reservations and, in the fiist sub-paragraph of X, the substitution of "reported* for 1estimated, the Study Programme in Doc* 714 was approved. In view of the hour and the meetings scheduled for the afternoon, the Chairman proposed, and the Meeting agreed, to defer consideration of the documents remaining on the Agenda to the next Plenary Session* The meeting rose at 1*32 p*m* Rapporteur: Secretary: Approved, The Chairman: H* Heaton R.V.Lindsey H* Faulkner

67 Vllth PLENARY ASSEMBLY C.C.I.R. LONDON, 1953 Doc. 832-E rev. 12th November, 1953 Page 1 PLENARY ASSEMBLY MINUTES of the ' SIXTH PLENARY SESSION ft October hours Sub.i ects discussed: 1. Unfinished business on Agenda of Fifth Plenary Session: Docs. 715, 716,. 717, 630, 721 and Consideration of texts submitted by the Drafting Committee for approval (pink documents): Docs. 738, 733, 698, 732, 741, 734, 746, 747, 743, 749, 752, , 756, 737, 735, 736, Discussion of proposed new questions for*c.c.i.r. Docs. 682, 744, 745, Appointment of Chairmen of Study Groups (Doc. 766). 5. Appointment of Vice-Chairmen of Study Groups (Doc. 767). 6. Representation of C.C.I.R. at Meeting of C.C.I.F. Study Group No. 5 (Doc. 691). 7. Report on Administrative Council Resolution No. 247 (Doc. 692). Present : Mr. H. Faulkner was in the Chair. Administrations a) Members of the I.T.U. Australia, Austria, Belgium, Bielorussian S.S.R., P.R. of Bulgaria, Canada, China, Denmark, Egypt, Spain, United States of America, Finland, France, Hungarian People1s Republic, India, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Norway, New Zealand, Netherlands, Peru, P.R." of Poland, French Protectorates of Morocco and Tunisia, Federal German Republic, F.P.R. of Yugoslavia, Ukrainian S.S.R., Roumanian Popular Republic, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Sweden, Switzerland, Czechoslovakia, Overseas Territories of the French Republic and Territories administered as such, Turkey,,Union of South Africa and Territory of the South-West Africa, U.S.S.R., Venezuela. k) Associate Member of the I.T.U. British East Africa.

68 Recognized Private Operating Agencies; British Broadcasting Coip oration (B.B.C.) Cable and Wireless International Marine Radio Co* Ltd..(I.M.R.C.) Marconi International Marine Commun. Co. Ltd. (M.I.M.C.C.) International Organisations: Comit6 International Radio Maritime (C.I.R.M. )- International Amateur Radio Union (I.A.R.U.) Organisation Internationale de Radiodiffusion (O.I.R.) Union Radio-Scientifique Internationale (U.R.S.I.) World Meteorological Organisation (W.M.O.). Permanent Organ of the I.T.U.r (Boc. 832-E rev.) International Frequency Registration Board (I.F.R.B.) Mr. Gerald C. Gross, Assistant Secretary Gereral, International Telecommunication Union, was also present... Secretary: Mr. Robert V. Lindsey.' Chairman opened the Meeting at 1400 hours. Unfinished Business on the Agenda of'fifth Plenary Session (a) Texts submitted by the Drafting Committee Study Group X ; Doc. 715: High Frequency Broadcasting - Directive Antenna Systems After the document had been briefly introduced by Mr. McNaughten, Chairman of Study Group X, Prof. van der Pol, Director, CCIR, proposed the following drafting changes:- page 2: in Note 6, add "see e.g. J.D. Kraus"; page 3.: para. 2, line 2: delete "inasmuch"; page 3: para.3, line 7 s change "fenergy distribution" to read * "current, distribution"... These.amendments were.adopted without discussion, after which the,document was unanimously approved^' Doc. 716: High Frequency Broadcasting * Conditions for Satisfactory,... t ' Reception. The document'was introduced by Mr* McNaughten. Mr. Tsingovatov (U.S.S.Ro) proposed that in para, (b), "overall index of quality" be replaced by "overall method of assessment of quality", as he felt that this more general text was preferable. After a short discussion between Mr. McNaughten and Mr. Tsingovatov it was agreed that the text would read: "A method of assessing the overall index of quality".

69 - 3 - (Roc* $32-B w # ) Hr. Stanesby (United Kingdom) then drew the attention of the Meeting to the fact that the C.I.S.P.R.had already carried out a great deal of work in assessing the tolerable limits of interference to broadcast reception. Prof. van der Pol proposed that in paras. 3 and 4 the tern "envelope delay" be replaced by "group delay". Agreed. Doc. 716 as amended was then unanimously approved. Doc Standards of Sound Recording for the International Exchange of Programmes - Cine-Type Spools. After Mr. He Naught en, Chairman of Study Group X, had stressed the necessity for standardization of small spools, the document was adopted, subject to the reservation of their opinion by the Delegations of the U.S.S.R., P.R. of Poland and tho P.R. of Bulgaria. (b) Nomenclature of C.C.I.R. Findings Docs. 630, 721 and 731 Prior to giving the floor to the Chairman of the Drafting Committee, the Chairman suggested that Doc while not appearing on the agenda, might well bo discussed at this point, as it referred to Doc Agreed. Mr. Bramel do Clejoulx, Chairman of the Drafting Committee, then introduced Doc Report by the Drafting Committee. Before discussing this document in detail he first wished to incoiporate a proposal contained in Doc. 731 into this Report. After a discussion in which he, and the Delegates for the United States, India, Italy and the U.S.S.R. took part, it was agreed that the definition of "Report" given in Doc. 731 would be added to point 2 of Doc. 630, with a slight modification, so that it would read: "Report - Statement on the studies carried out by a Study Group on a given subject, for information". Mr. Bramel do Cleioulx then passed to a detailed discussion of Doc.630, as amended. He drew attention to the fact that, when the Drafting Committee had drawn up Doc. 630, the report of the Secretariat on the lay-out of Volume I of London had not yet boen issued, so that it had not been possible to take the suggestions contained in Doc. 721 into account. However, it would appear that the two proposals could be brought into line. Part 1 of Doc. 630, concerning the lay-out of Volume I, was a proposal which aimed at making the arrangement of the texts easier to refer to, especially for those not conversant with the work of the CCIR, which had not been the case with the corresponding Geneva volume. It was therefore proposed that Study Programmes should immediately follow the Questions to which they referred, and that Questions adopted by the CCIR for study by the CCIT or CCIF should be placed in a separate section. At the same time it was felt that Recommendations and Reports should be grouped by Study Groups, in order to have texts concerning the same subject follow each other.

70 - 4 - (Doo* 832~ rev.) With regard to numbering, it was proposed that texts which had been modified would retain the same number* but that an indication would bo given of the Plenary-Assembly at which these modifications had taken place* It was also suggested that the Study Programmes bear the number of the Questions to which they refer, with an additional suffix* As a. general principle, the findings of a Plenary Assembly would be proceeded by the number of the Study Group to which they referred* Prof* van dor Pol agreed that Volume I of Geneva was not too easy to consult, but was of the opinion: (a) that modified texts should have new numbers, as otherwise one was not quite suro to which text reference was being made, as he did not believe that, in practice, reference would always be made to the meeting at which the modifications were adopted* (b) Furthermore, with regard to Study Programmes, there were several which did not refer to a Question, so that it would not be possible to give them a Question number with a suffix* He felt, in principle, that it was better to use a new number for a new text, even though it were only slightly different from a previous one, and that an extensive system of cross references and an adequate subject index would give all the information necessary on texts relating to each other, as well as on old texts which had been superseded* The proposal to provide cross references and an adequate subject index in Volume I was adopted by the Meeting. Prof* van der Pol further drew tho attention of the Meeting to the fact that the Recommendations, Reports and Resolutions were approved by the Plenary Assembly as a whole, and these did not properly constitute Study Group documents, and ho therefore felt that a reference to the Study Group in their numbers would not be correct and, indeed, ni$rt tend to diminish their authority* After a prolonged discussion it was agreed by the Meeting : (a) that Study Programmes should immediately follow the Questions to which they related; (b) the aerial numbers of Questions and Study Programmes should be preceeded by a Roman numeral, indicating the Study Group to which the itom was assigned; (c) that texts modified in any way would be given a new number; (d) that Questions referred to tho CCIF or CCIT for study would be grouped in a separate section of Volume I* Part 2 - Classification 0f Texts - of Doc* 63O was then discussed, and, following an exchange of views, it was proposed that the definitions of the findings of the Plenary Assembly would be those published on page 171 of Vol«II of the Geneva documents, with the understanding that the definition of a Study Programme would be that given on page 2 of Doc. 63O, ani the definition of a Report that given in Doc* 731, modified in accordance with the decision earlier in the session* This was unanimously agreed*

71 Study Group I The Meeting then passed to the Agenda of the Sixth Plenary Session* Doc Telegraphic Distortion After being introduced by Dr* Metzlor, Chairman of Study Group I, who pointed out that the final paragraph of pa go 2 should be separated from the remainder of the text, this document was adopted unanimously* Study Group II (Doc* 332-E rev,} Doc* Stability of Receivers Mr* Bray (United Kingdom), in the absence of tho Chairman of Study Group Iintroduced the document and proposed that the title be modified to read: "Frequency Stability of Receivers". Agreed* He then pointed out that it was desirable to bring para, (a) of "considering" into line with the corresponding text used in Doc. 73C* After a short discussion with Mr. Bramel de C16 j oulx, Chairman of the Drafting Committee, it was agreed that the text of para, (a) should read: is often increased beyond that essential for the transmission of the necessary modulation of the desired signal without significant distortion". The following editorial changes, proposed by Hr. Bray, wero then also adopted: - para, (b), line 3: "Frequency-changing oscillators" to "Frequency-change oscillators"; - Section 1, line 5: "Inductances" to "inductors"; - para. 3* last line: "Present in the input of the frequency changer" to "Present with the frequency-change oscillation" - para. 5, first line: "Frequency-changing oscillator" to "Frequency-change oscillator"; - para 8, line 5: "Inductances" to "Inductors"; - page 4, item 10: This paragraph to become the representative valuos for the frequency drift and variation, including, when possible, some indication on the spread of tho data; information on the vibration and shock tests referred to under Column (9) above is also to be included in this column*" Mr. Quspensky (Ukrainian S.S.R.) proposed an additional point 9 on page 2, to read as the one adopted in the Note contained in Recommendation No. 42* After discussion between Mr. Bramel de Clejoulx, Mr. Bray and Mr. Quspensky, it was agreed to transfer para. 2 on page 3 to the foot of page 2 as a "tfote, rather than as an additional point 9, and that it should read: "Annex, gives the stability values obtained for several types of receivers in certain countries, based on data and information given in London documents 122, 132, 167, 237, 240 and 372. The data were collected as part of the studies required by Study Programme No. 5 (Geneva)". Mr. Bray drew attention to the fact that, at the request of the IFRB, the frequency ranges in Tables 1, 2 and 3, now specified as 3-30 Me/s, had been extended down to 1.6 Hc/s.

72 6 (Doc. B32-E rov.) made: Mr. Brand de Cle.loulx then pointed out two drafting changes to be - para. 1: "Attention should, nevertheless be given to", to be changed to "Attention should, as far as possible, be given to". - page 2, para. 6, line 2s to avoid confusion of terminology, strike out: "Single-side band". opinion*) Group II, Doc. 733 was then adopted, subject to the reservation of their by the Delegations of the U.S.S.R. and the Ukrainian S.S.R. Doc. 69S - Stability of Receivers. Mr. Bray (United Kingdom), in the absence of the Chairman of Study introduced this document, which arose from Study Programme No. 5* The Chairman suggested that, as had previously been agreed, the word "frequency" should preoeed "stability", both in the title, and in the text. Agreed. Mr. Tsingovatov (U.S.S.R.) then proposed two amendments! - the deletion of the word "much" in para, (a), line 1, and the insertion of "some" before "rocoivors" in line 2 of the same paragraph; - that para, (b) be modified to read: "that, nevertheless, the study of frequency stability should be continued in.order to collect more data on a greater number of receivers and on a greater number of types of receiver, including those not, or insufficiently, considered in Recommendation No,,... Subject to these amendments, Doco 698 was unanimously approved. Doc New Question: The Responses of Radio Receivers to Quasi- Impulsive interference. This document was also introduced by Mr. Bray. At his suggestion it was agreed that the same Note referring to CISPR and URSI should be added, as referring to Doc With this addition, Doc. 732 was adopted unanimously. Doc Sensitivity and Noise Figure. In the absence of the Chairman of Study Group II, the document was introduced by Mr. Burgess (United States), who suggested that the term "Noise figure" in the title and in para, (a), be replaced by "noise factor", which was the term Study Group II had continuously used. Agreed. In answer to a suggestion by Mr. Stanesby (United Kingdom), that, in the Note on page 3 the CISPR should be referred to, rather than the IEC, Mr. Burgess replied that possibly other committees of the IEC would study the subject; hence, the reference was correct. ' This reservation was made at the 8th Plenary Session, during the discussion of Doc. 806 (cf. Doc. 834).

73 - 7 - (Doc* 832-E rev,) In answer to a question by Mr. Haye's, Vice-Director, CCIR, Mr. Burgess confirmed that the sentence between brackets following para.' 4.4 on page 3* in the English text only, had been loft >in by error, and should be deleted. Doc. 741 was then unanimously approved. The Meeting adjourned from *10 hours. Study Group V, Doc Presentation of Data in Studies of Tropospheric Wave Propagation The'document'was introduced by Dr.' Smith-Rose, Chairman of Study Group V, and was adopted unanimously, it being understood that the Director of the CCIR would arrange for the presentation of the mathematics in a proper form. Study Group VI. Doc Protection of Frequencies used for Radio-Astronomical Measurements. The document was introduced by Dr. Dellinger, Chairman of Study Group VI, who esqplained that the present Recommendation replaced Recommendation No. 56, which had been drawn up at the.request of the URSI. He*suggested that in para. 1) the word shall1 be deleted, and in para. 2) the wordss within their own country national1 as well as should1 be deleted..agreed. In reply to a question by Prof. van der Pol (Director, CCIR), Dr. Dellinger confirmed that the Note at the foot of the page need not be reproduced in the final text. Mr. Stanesby (United Kingdom) proposed that the following two paragraphs be addeds ' * - d) that nevertheless may be impracticable to afford such protection in or 'near populous or industrial regions ; - 3. that radio-astronomers should be encouraged to site their measuring apparatus in regions as remote as possible from local sources of interference. Mr. Bramel de Clejoulx, Chairman, Drafting Committee, agreed to the addition of para, d), but felt that the new para. 3 was unnecessary, as radioastronomers did not need detailed instructions concerning the siting of their apparatus. It was then agreed to add only para, d) to the Recommendation, it being assumed by the Assembly that radio-astronomers would site their equipment as proposed by Mr. Stanesby, and that the Director of the CCIR would advise the URSI accordingly... Doc. 746, as amended, was then unanimously approved* 1

74 - 8 - (Doc reve) Doc Pulse Transmission Tests at Oblique Incidence. The document was introduced by Dr Dollinger. Chairman of Study Group VI, who suggested the following i - that in the last line of para, b) fluctuation be replaced by fading ; «* that in the line starting with decides, shall be replaced by "should 5 - in para% 1, first sentence to read ; the organisation of these experimental transmissions by Study Group Vie#*. ; - in the last line of para. 1), "Chairman of the competent Study Group" to become s the Chairman of Study Group Ho. VI ; «that para. 2 become part of para. 1, with the first line modified to read : the following types of transmitters should, if possible, be made available; - that para. 3 should become para. 2 with the omission of the first two words study of. The above amendments were adopted. The Delegations of the U.S.R.R.. the Ukrainian S.S.R.. the Bielorussian S.S.R.. Czechoslovakia, the P.R. of Poland and the Roumanian P.R. then stated that they did not accept this document. Subject to thesd reservations the document was adopted. Doc Preparation of Short-Term Forecasts of Ionospheric Disturbances. Dr. Dellinger. Chairman of Study Group VI, introduced the document. Mr. Tsingovatov (U.S.SoR.) commented that the document was not, in fact, presented in the form of a Recommendation, as there were no findings' mentioned in it, but rather it was a Resolution. In reply to the Chairmanfs question, Dr. Dellinger and Dr. Bailey (United States) agreed that there was no objection to making the document into a Resolution. Dr. Bailey also suggested that in the first line of the last paragraph the word should be replaced by be encouraged to. The proposed amendments were adopted. Mr. Tsingovatov then stated that he felt that the wish expressed in the document was within the competence of the national Administrations, so that, in fact, the document might well be withdrawn. Mr. Ouspenskv (Ukrainian S.S.R.) supported Mr. Tsingovatov^ proposal to withdraw the document. The Chairman therefore put the document to the vote and it was decided to retain it by 23 votes for to 7 against. with 3 abstentions. Doc. 7A9 - Measurement of Atmospheric Noise Introducing the document, Dr. Dellingerf Chairman of Study Group VI, suggested for purposes of clarity that the word radio be inserted between atmospheric" and noise, both in the title and the considering Agreed.

75 Mr. Arciuch (P.R. of Poland) reserved his opinion regarding Doc. 749* Mr. Ouspensky (Ukrainian S.S.R.) felt that the text as presented was not suitable, and proposed that under,frecommends the text be modified to read: that the attention of Administrations be drawn to the expediency of using objective methods in the measurements of atmospheric noise, using, on the one hand, automatic apparatus, and, on the other hand, manual apparatus. He also proposed that the annex be deleted. Mr. Tsingovatov (U.S.S.R.) supported these amendments. As Dr. Dellinger, as Chairman of the Study Group, could not agree to the proposed modifications, the Chairman put the proposal of the Ukrainian S.S.R. to the vote. It was rejected by 8 in favour, 23 against, with 4 abstentions. The document was then approved, with the editorial changes suggested by Dr* Dellinger, in its original form, subject to the reservation of their opinions by the Delegations of the U.S.S.R., the Ukrainian S.S.R., the Bielorussian S.S.R., the Roumanian P.R., the Hungarian P.R., Czechoslovakia, the P.R. of Poland and the P.&. of Bulgaria. Doc Measurement of Atmospheric Radio Noise I In introducing the document, Dr. Dellinger, Chairman of Study Group VI, suggested that the first Note on page 2, concerning the URSI, be re-worded in the form previously agreed. Adopted. The Observer of the World Meteorological Organisation pointed out that, while the W O was mentioned in point 5* his organisation was also interested in points 6 and 7 and he therefore suggested that a Note be added to page 2 which would read: Studies 5, 6 and 7 should be carried out in close consultation with the World Meteorological Organisation, in order to avoid duplication of effort. Adopted* Mr. Bramel de Clejoulx, Chairman, Drafting Committee, suggested that, as the WMO was now referred to in a separate note, the words through the World Meteorological Organisation in para. 5 of decides could now be deleted. Agreed. Mr. Tsingovatov (U.S.S.R.)felt that the Study Programme should stress the continuation of the measurement of atmospheric noise by objective methods. Dr. Dellinger explained that the Study Group had been of the opinion that measurements by the Thomas method should be continued, and that objective methods were sufficiently stressed in para. so that he was sure that the Study Group could not accept Mr. Tsingovatov*s proposal. As Mr. Ouspensky (Ukrainian S.S.R.) supported the amendment of Mr. Tsingovatov, the Chairman put it to the vote. It was rejected by a vote of 8 in favour, 2$ against, with 3 abstentions.

76 (Doco 832-E rev.) Mr* Tsingovatov then suggested a second amendment, which consisted of the deletion of paras* 5 and 6, as he felt they were not of sufficient interest to the CCIR Mr* Ousnensky supported Mr* Tsingovatov*s proposal, as he felt that paras. 5 and 6 were more appropriate for study by the WMO. As Dr. Dellinger, on behalf of the Study Group, opposed this amendment, the Chairman put it to the vote. It was re.iected by 8 votes in favour* 25 against and 3 abstentions. The Delegations of the U.S.S.R.«the Ukrainian S.S.R.«the Bieloruasian S.S.R*. the P.R. of Poland, the Roumanian P.R. and' Czechoslovakia then reserved their opinion on Doc Subject to these reservations it was adopted. Doc Investigation of Circular Polarized Emitted Waves in the H.F. Band Introducing the document Dr* Dellinger. Chairman of Study Group VI, mentioned that in the title, as well as in the first line after "considering", the word "circular1? should road "circularly", while "recommends" should be "resolves", and that after "URSI" the word "should" be deleted". Agreed. Prof. van der Pol suggested that in the penultimate line "on the subject of waves"-should reads "on the propagation of waves." Agreed. Mr. Ouspensky (Ukrainian S.S.R.) proposed that the final sentence should be completed with the words: "and inform the CCIR of the findings of its work." Agreed. Dr. Metzler (Switzerland) suggested that this study might also be of interest to propagation in the metric wave range. Mr. Leoechinsky (France), at the request of Dr. Dellinger, explained that the document had been drawn up with HF frequencies in mind, and asked for the opinion of Dr. Smith-Rose, Chairman of Study Group V (Tropospheric Propagation). Dr. Smith-Rose agreed that the subject might be of interest.to VHF studies, but it should be made clear that the document in any case dealt with propagation by way of the ionosphere* A discussion between Dr* Bailey (United States) and Dr* Dellinger followed, during which it was proposed that the title should be amended to read s "Investigation of circularly polarized emitted waves, propagated via the ionosphere" and that the last paragraph in part should read: " investigation of the ionospheric propagation of waves.." Agreed. Doc. 753 was then unanimously adopted. Doc. 755: Questions submitted by the I.F.RoB. Dr. Dellinger. Chairman, Study Group VI, introduced the document, which was drawn up in reply to the three questions submitted to the CCIR by the IFRB. He regretted that more detailed responses could not yet be given, but

77 (Doc* 11 - srev.) the Study Group felt that this was all that could profitably be done or said at the present time. In fact, there was more substance in this report than might appear, as it referred to a number of other documents. Mr. Bramel de Clejoulx asked whether the document would be sent directly to the IFRB and if it would be included in the published volume of the CCIR, which he felt, personally, should not be the case. After a discussion in which Prof. van der Pol, the Chairman, Dr. Dellinger and Mr. Gracie (IFRB) took part it was agreed that the document should be transmitted directly to the IFRB, but also be included in Vol. I of the findings of the Vllth Plenary Assembly. At th request of Prof. van der Pol, it was agreed to replace, in the fifth paragraph, the word: "corrections" by "modifications". Doc. 755 had been unanimously adopted, Mr. Tsingovatov (U.S.S.R.) stated: "Our Delegation has not objected to the adoption of the report contained in Doc. 755* It does not, however, follow from this that we are in agreement with all the documents referred to in the report (Doc. 755) In particular, I wish to point out that the Soviet Delegation has reserved its position with regard to Recommendation No. 69A. I request that this statement be noted." Doc Choice of a Basic Index for Ionospheric Propagation Introducing'the document, Dr. Dellinger, Chairman, Study Group VI, suggested that on page 2, para. 3> fifth line, the words : "linear function" be replaced by: "closely linked with". Mr. Bramel de Clejoulx (France), referring to para. 3(a) on page 2, felt that the phrase: "standardized critical frequency (region calculator figure...)"> was not correct, as it supposed tho identity of two things having different dimensions. Mr. Stanesby (United Kingdom) felt that the approximation signs in the formulae in para 3(a) were inappropriate, as, in fact, it was desired to indicate a proportional relation, rather than an approximate one. A further discussion ensued, in which Dr. Dellinger, Dr. Smith-Rose, Chairman and Dr. Bailey took part, and it was agreed in paragraph 3(a) to delete the words: "Standardized critical frequency" and tho brackets around "region calculator figure" and to replace the equkl and approximation signs in both* formulae by the words "is proportional to". Prof. van dor Pol suggested replacing tho word "limited" at the begins ning of page 3 by a different term, as the influence of daily fluctuations was, in fact, not limited, but smoothed out. It was agreed, on the proposal of Dr. Bailey, to replace the word "limited" by "averaged out1*. Doc. 756 was then unanimously adopted.

78 (Doc. 032-e rev.) Doc* Bandwidth Measurement by* Monitoring Stations This document was introduced by Mr. Campbell, Ac ting-chairman of Study Group VIII. Mr* Bramel de Clejoulx said that the document was not entirely clear to him, as it referred to Recommendation No. 37 which concerned the measurement of the spectrum and not the bandwidth* He proposed, in view of this discrepancy, to replace the word: "bandwidth" in the title and paras, a), b) and c) by "spectrum", and, in consequence, to delete the words: "as defined by tho Radio Regulations of Atlantic City", in para. a). Agreed. The Delegations of the U.S.S.R., the Ukrainian S.S.R., and the Hungarian P.R. reserved their opinion regarding this document. Subject to these reservations, Doc. 737 was adopted. Doc Addition to Appendix 9 of tho Radio Regulations Mr. van der Toorn, Chairman of Study Group XIH, introduced the document, and explained that it was the same as Recommendation 85, with the addition of para, e) on page 3. which referred to telephony. Doc. 735 was unanimously adopted. Doc Publication of Service Codes in Use in the International Telegraph Service. After a short introduction by Mr. van der Toorn, Chairman of Study Group XIII, Mr. Bramel de Clejoulx, Chairman^ Dr ift ing Commit t ee, was of the opinion that the word "exports" mentioned in para. 3 should be changed, as this term was already applied to a different category of persons by the Convention. Dr. Metzler (Switzerland) suggested the use of the word "specialists", to which Mr. Bramel de Clejoulx had no objection, though he further felt that it was not clear as to how and when the CCIT and CCIR should study tho subject matter. Mr. van der Toorn explained that the CCIT had already discussed the unification of codes for many years and that, at itb Vllth Plenary Assembly in Arnhem, they had requested the assistance of the CCIR in the assembling of a volume containing the various codes in use. This volume would then serve to encourage work on the unification of the various codes in use. In answer to a question by Mr. Bramel de Clejoulx, Hr. van der Toorn was of tho opinion that tho specialists of the Administrations participating in the work of the CCIT and CCIR would undertake the actual studies of such unification. Mr. Gneme (Italy) felt that other Administrations r,light also be interested and was therefore of the opinion that either para. 3 should be deleted, or made more general.... Mr. Bramel de Clejoulx then proposed that para. 3 he modified to read: "That the Administrations should study the possibility of eventual unification of these codes." This proposal was acceptable to Mr. van der Toorn, and agreed by the Meeting. Doc. 736 was then unanimously adopted.

79 Study Group XIV (Doo* 833-B rov«) Doc* Nomenclature of the Frequency and Wavelength Bands Used in Radiocomaunication Introducing the document, Prof* Gorio, Chairman, Study Group XIV, proposed that the corresponding abbreviations, as given in the Atlantic City Radio Regulations, such as : VLF, IF, MF, etc., be added together with the proposed new band numbers, for purposes of comparison, in a footnote. Mr. Bramel de Clejoulx pointed out that in the Atlantic City Radio Regulations these previsions were only applicable to the English text, so that such a note would not sorve any purpose in the French text. Mr. Tsingovatov (U.S.S.R.) supported Mr. Bramel de Ci joulxfs viewpoint, and Prof.Gorio did not insist upon the examination of his proposal, as it was more for convenience than substantive. Doc. 739 was then unanimously approved in its original form. Discussion of Proposed New Questions for C.C.I.R. Doc Identification of Radio Stations After a short introduction by Mr. Allen, Chairman of the U.S. Delegation, Mr. Bramel de Clejoulx asked whether this was not, in fact,the paper that should have been sent to Study Group IX. The Chairman felt that it was a document issued after Study Group IX had finished its work, with the purpose of encouraging Administrations to solve a problem on which no definite decision had been reached in London. Mr. Stanesby, Chairman of Study Group IX, confirmed that the issue of a document such as the one under discussion had been considered in the Study Group. Mr. Tsingovatov (U.S.S.R.) then stated : "The questions raised in Doc. 682 have already been considered by Study Group IX and the Soviet Delegation sees no necessity for adopting any more decisions at present. The question of call sign transmissions is a purely operational one and falls entirely within the competence of National Administrations. It is a matter for the Administrations themselves. We consider that it is unnecessary for the CCIR Plenary Assembly to adopt any decisions whatsoever on the matter and are against the adoption of the draft recommendation submitted in Doc. 682." Mr. Befio (Czechoslovakia) said that his Delegation could not support the document. Mr. Stanesby, speaking on behalf of the United Kingdom, supported the adoption of the document. As there was cleavage of opinion, the Chairman put Doc. 682 to the vote, and it was adopted by 23 votes in favour, 8 against, no abstentions.

80 (Doc»-*$32*«B- revv) The Delegations of the U.S.S.R., the Ukrainian S.S.R*, the Bielorussian S.S.R., the P.R. of Poland, Czechoslovakia, the Hungarian P.R., the Roumanian P.R. and the P.R. of Bulgaria stated that they did not accept the document* Doc Report of the Ad Hoc Group on Bearing and Position Classification for HF and VHF Direction Finding. The document was introduced by Mr. Stanesby, Chairman of the Ad Hoc Group, who pointed out that the attached new question had already been submitted to the Drafting Committee. After his introduction, the Delegations of the U.S.S.R* and the Ukrainian S.S.R. reserved their views on the document* Subject to these reservations, Deo. 744 was adopted. Doc Report of the Ad Hoc Group on Frequency-Modulated VHF Maritime Equipments. Mr. Nielsen, Chairman of the Ad Hoc Group, introduced the document, of which the attached draft new question had already been considered by the Drafting Committee. He proposed that, in para, c), after international maritime services1*, the words: **in order to. expedite the general use of such equipments * be added. - Mr. Stanesby then suggested that the first part of the decides should be modified to read: **What are the technical conditions for determining the parameters to be internationally adopted for frequency-modulated VHF Mr.- Tsingovatov (U.S.S.R.) then made the following-statements During consideration of Doc-* 695 at the last plenary meeting, the Soviet Delegation pointed out that the raising of the problem of preparing standards for communication equipment used in the 152 ~ 162 Mc/s band in the proposed way was generally unacceptable* just as was unacceptable the undertaking by the CCIR of the practical allocation of channels in any given frequency band. Jn submitting Doc. 745 the ad hoc group disregarded these considerations, confining itself to a few insignificant changes in Doc. 695, Miich did little to modify it. In that form Doc. 745 is unacceptable. Indeed, it is clearly stated in para. 833 of the Atlantic City Radio Regulations that the use of frequency modulation is compulsory only in Region 2. In the case of Regions 1 and 3, the question of the type of modulation for the Mc/s band must be settled by the Administrations themselves, which may even choose other types of modulation such as amplitude or pulse modulation. For this reason only technical questions of a general nature pertaining to this problem may be studied by the CCIR. In view of the above the Soviet delegation proposes the following amendments: After the words decides that the following questions should be studied insert: 1. What are the most suitable technical characteristics of maritime mobile service radiotelephone equipment in the Mc/s band. for cases of s a) frequency modulation; b) amplitude modulation; c) other typos of modulation?

81 r 15 «*" (Doc* 832-E rev*) 2«What plane of polarization is most suited for transmissions in this band? 3* What should be the standards of protection from interference of radio circuits in this band?* I request that these amendments be considered*1 Mr. Ouspensky (Ukrainian S*S#R*) supported the amendments proposed by the U.S.S.R*, as he felt that the document in its present form was not satisfactory* Mr* Nielsen. Chairman of the Ad Hoc Group, pointed out that the Group had not the intention of suggesting that frequency modulation should be the only system, but that the question, as originally submitted by the CIRM, was limited to the question of characteristics for FM equipment. As there was a difference of opinion on the subject, of a substantive nature, tho Chairman put the proposal of the U*S*S*R* to the vote. It was rejected by 8 votes in favourr 20 against, with' L abstentions. The Chairman then passed to the amendment proposed by Mr.Staneeby. who then suggested a slightly different text from his first proposal, which would reads What are tho technical conditions determining the values of the following parameters for frequency-modulated VHF **? etc* Supported by Mr. Allen (United States) this amendment was-adopted. The Chairman then passed to Mr. Nielsen s amendment to para c). Mr. Stanesby proposed that in the amendment the word general be replaced by international. Agreed* Mr* Nielsen s amendment was then adopted. Doc. 7A5 was then adopted. The document was not accepted by the Delegations of the U.S.S.R-., the Ukrainian S.S.R., the Bielorussian S.S.R.. the P.R. of Poland. Czechoslovakia and the Roumanian P*R. F ilet*. Doc International Exchange of Picture-Sound Programmes on As the Head of the Swedish Delegation, which had submitted the document, had left the Meeting, discussion on it was postponed to a later session. Appointment of Chairmen of Study Groups Doc* Report by the Chairman : Proposal Relative to the Appointment of C.C.I.R* Study Group Chairmen. The Chairman asked for a confirmation by the Assembly of the present Chairman of the C.C.I.R. Study Groups, in their function for the period up to and including the VUIth Plenary Assembly of the C.C.I.R*, as proposed in his Report*

82 (Doc* 832*^2 rev.) Mr. Baliga (India) sought a clarification of certain implications in the Report, and made the following statement: So far as I can see either in Chapter 12 of the Atlantic City Regulations or Chapter 15 of the Buenos Aires Convention, it does not clearly indicate whether countries or individuals should be nominated as Group Chairmen. I am supported in my view that it is by country by various practices or conventions, for example, at all Radio Administrative and other Conferences it is customary to name the Chairmanship of various committees by countries and not by person. Even in the Plenary Meeting of this Assembly the Vice-Chairmen have been designated by country and not by person. Then again the members of the Study Group themselves are by countries and. not by person. Obviously I feel, that even when a Study Group is composed of members, the Chairmanship can only go to members participating. I should like to say that even if we elect the Chairmen of Study Groups by names of individuals, they have to be supported by countries because there is a considerable amount of coordination they have to do, and in most cases a considerable amount of research work will bs undertaken in these countries when they go back. In other words, these Chairmen, even if they are nominated by name will have to get the support of their Administrations for research work and for coordination. In fact, they have no standing of their own. Moreover, an Administration,when it undertakes tho Chairmanship, undertakes also several financial commitments and provision of pe3>sonnel and so oxi for this work of1the Study Groups. In other words, a country is very closely associated with the work of any Study Group if a Chairman is elected from a country. So,from all these observations I would like to put forward my views that the Study Group Chairmen should go by country and not by individual name. I have no objection to the point but it is o$ a matter of principle my Delegation feels that it should go by country. Naturally, when a country is elected, I am sure the country will nominate a person or an individual who is best fitted to undertake this onerous responsibility. The Chairman, while being sympathetic to the arguments of Mr. Baliga, stressed that the CCIR was not competent to amend the General Regulations, and felt that they were quite clear on this point. He hence ruled further discussion out of order. The appointment of Chairmen, as proposed, was then unanimously adopted. Appointment of Vice-Chairmen of Study Groups Doc Report by the Director of the CCIR The Chairman opened the discussion of this document and proposed to review the possibility of drawing up a single list of candidates for Vice-Chairmen. Mr. Tsingovatov (U.S.S.R.) stated : The Delegation of the USSR objects to the proposed nomination of the representative of Western Germary to the post of Vice-Chairman, of Study Group No. XIV. Since the representatives of the German Democratic Republic, which is a member of the ITU, we re not given the possibility of participating in the work of the Vllth Assembly of the CCIR, the Soviet Delegation declares that the participation, of the representatives of the Bonn authorities in the work of the Plenary Assembly of the CCIR is illegal. The appointment of any representative of the Bonn authorities to a guiding post in the CCIR would make the situation even more

83 - 17 ~ fdce# rovsr») inadmissible and illegal. ' ' ' For these reasons the Soviet Delegation objects to the nomination proposed for the post of Vice-Chairman of Study Group No. XXV. The Chairman, taking note of Mr. Tsingovatov1^ objection, said that he regretted the objection, but that, since in his opinion, it was necessary that the Chairmen and the Vice-Chairmen of Study Groups have the confidence of all Delegations, he would.withdraw the proposed candidate for Study Group XIV and would ask for alternative nominations from the floor. Mr. McKay (Australia) stated that Mr. McDonald would not be available for Study Group XII, and suggested that the candidate for India be nominated instead., -, Dr. van der Wijck (Netherlands) expressed his appreciation of his nomination, but fdlt that he was not sufficiently familiar with the work of Study Group I, so that may be some other Delegate would be more suitable. Dr. Metzler (Switzerland), in appreciating Dr. van der Wijck*s reasons, proposed Col. Lochard (France) as alternative candidate. Mr. Allen (U.S.A.) asked whether insertion in the list would constitute approval by the Meeting of the candidates. Chairman explained that it was the intention to draw up a unified provisional list, for consideration at a later meeting. Mr* S^berg (Norway), while willing to accept the Vico-Chairmanship of Study Group XIII, pointed out that he would have to obtain the approval of his Administration, so that he could not accept at present* The Chairman then called again for nominations for Study Group XIV. As none were forthcoming, it was agreed, upon the proposal of Mr. Bramel de Clejoulx (France) to adjourn further discussion on the subject to,a later date. The provisional list of candidates for Vice-Chairmen of CCIR Study Groups thus became Study Group I Col. J. LOCHARD France tf ft II Mr. P. ABADIE France u if h i Mr. J. SMALE United Kingdom it i» IV Dr. NEWBERN SMITH United States n it V Mr. E.W. ALIEN United States it it VI Mr. G. MILLINGTON United Kingdom it i VII Prof. M. BOELLA Italy it ft v i n Mr. J. CAMPBELL Australia ti it IX Mr. G. PEDERSEN Denmark it i X Mr. A. Prose WALKER United States i n XI Mr. G. HANSEN Belgium i ti XII Mr. B. SABWATE India i n XIII Hr. J. S0BERG Norway i i XIV - Open ~

84 (Doc..S32-E rev.) 6* Representation of tho C.O.I.K. at the Meeting of C.C.I.F. Study Group No. 5 Dooa Representation of the C.C.I.R. at the Forthcoming Meeting of Study Group No. 5, of the C.C.I.F. in connection with Study Programme No. 28 (Geneva). Chairman of Study Group IX,.pointed out that it was the unanimous opinion of his Study Group, to which Study Programme No. 28 was entrusted, that the C.C.I.R. be represented in Geneva at the meeting of C.C.I.F. Study Group 5, by Mr. E.W. Bemis (United States). Without discussion this proposal was unanimously adopted. 7. Report oh Administrative Council Resolution No. 247 Doc , Report of the Chairman of Study Group IX on consideration.of Administrative Council Resolution No. 247t Introducing his Report, Mr. Stanesby pointed out that the meeting to be held by the Joint Committee for the Joint Switching Programme of the C.C.I.F., to which A.C. Resolution 247 referred, was of great' interest to C.C.I.R. Study Group IX,and as the work had been entrusted to the three CCIs it was proposed, and unanimously adopted in the Meeting of Study Group*-IX, that the Chairman of that Study Group represent the C.C.I.R. at this preliminary meeting. Prof. van der Pol, in expressing his agreement with the proposal contained in Doc. 692, drew attention to the fact that the representation of the C.C.I.R. at the meeting in Pakistan had also been discussed in the Administrative Council, and subsequently in the Coordination Committee of the I.T.U., and that it had been decided there, in order to coordinate the work,'that the Counsellors of the C.C.I.F., C.C.I.T. and C.C.I.R. should also be present, k" The Chairman presumed that there would be a permanent official of the.c.c.i.r..present. The proposal contained in Doc.* 692 was then unanimously adopted. ' There being no further subjects on the agenda, the Meeting rose at hours. 1 The Reporter ; The Secretary J D. ROSE. Robert V.I1NDSEX Approved, The Chairman s H. FAULKNER 1

85 Vllth PLENARY ASSEMBLY C.C.I.R. LONDON, 1953 Doc. 833-E rev. 17th November 1953 Page 1 PLENARY ASSEMBLY M I.N U T E S * of the SEVENTH PLENARY SESSION Tuesday, 6 October 1953, at 1030 a.m. Sub.ieots discussed : 1. New Question.proposed by Sweden : International exchange of picture/ sound programmes on film (Doc. 751) 2. Approval of the Minutes of the second Plenary Session (Doc. 774) 3. Report of the adjtioc_ Group on long-distance wide-band radio relay systems (Docs. 740, 817, 8l8) 4. Consideration and approval of texts submitted by the Drafting Committee (pink sheets) :» tl Study Group I Docs. 742, 782, 784, 785, 786, 787 Study Group II Docs. 730, 778 * * Study Group H I Docs. 758, 759, 760, 761, 762, 763, 764, , 77, 771, 772, 775, 776, 777, 779 Study Group IV Docs. 803, 804 * Study Group VI. Docs. 754, 757, 788 Study Group IX Docs. 625 :rev., 798 Study Group X Doc* 789 Study Group XII ft Docs. 790, 791, 792, 793, 794, 796, 797 Study Group XIV. ft Doc. 781 Mr. H» Faulkner (United Kingdom) was in the Chair. Present : Administrations Members of the I.T.U. Belgium, Bielorussian S.S.R., P.R* of Bulgaria, Canada, China, Denmark, Egypt, Spain, United States of America, Finland, France, Hungarian.People*s Republic, India, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Norway, New Zealand, Netherlands, P.R.'of Poland, French Protectorates of Morocco and Tunisia, Federal German Republic, F.P.R. of Yugoslavia, Ukrainian S.S.R., Roumanian P*R., United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syrian Republic, Czechoslovakia, Territories of the U.S.A., Overseas Territories of the French Republic and Territories administered as such, Turkey, Union of South Africa and Territory of South-West Africa, U.S.S.R., Venezuela.

86 - 2 - (Eoc S rev#) Associate Member of the I.T.U. British East Africa, Recognized Private Operating Agencies British Broadcasting Corporation (B.B.C.) Cable and Wireless Ltd. International Marine Radio Comp# Ltd. (I.M.R.C.) Marconi International Marine Commun# Co. Ltd. (M.I.M.C.C.) Redifon Ltd# Trans radio Espaftola S. A. International Organizations International Broadcasting Organisation (I.B#0#) International Radio Maritime Committee (C.I.R.M#) International Radio Scientific Union (U.R.S.I.) Permanent Organ of the I.T#U# International Frequency Registration Board (I.F.R.B.) Mr# Gerald C. Gross (Assistant Secretary-General, I.T.U.) was also present# Secretary : Mr# Robert V. Lindsey. E* New Question proposed by Sweden : International exchange of picture/sound programmes on film. Before starting the Agenda of the seventh Plenary Session, the Chairman proposed a discussion of Doo. 751» which had been carried over from the previous session and requested the Swedish Delegation to introduce it. Mr# Esping (Sweden), introducing the document, suggested that the title be changed to : "Sound recording on television film for the international exchange of television programmes Agreed. Mr# Tsingovatov (U.S.S.R.) said that he had read the Question with great interest but felt that it was premature since there was still no international agreement on standards of quality# His Delegation therefore reserved its opinion on Doc# 751/ Mr# Allen (U.S.A.) said that the matter should bo studied immediately, since the best time to stucty- any matter requiring international standardization was in the early Stages of its development, so that future progress could follow uniform lines# The Chairman pointed out that the proposal had been seconded but that there was no unanimous agreement# He would therefore put Doc. 751 to the vote# It was approved by 25 votes to 0, with 9 abstentions.

87 (Do * $33«rev#) i f Approval of the Minutes of the second Plenary Session (Doc* 774) The Delegates of Chechoslovakia and China announced that they had amendments of their statements in the Minutes-, which they would hand to the Secretariat to save time* The Delegate of the U*S*S»R* asked for the words "of Posts and Telegraphs1 in the first line of the third paragraph from the bottom on page 2 to be replaced by "for Posts and Telecommunications"* The Delegate of the Hungarian Pe ople *s Republi c asked for the name of his country to be made uniform tiiroughout the English text. Mr* Bramel de Clejoulx. Chairman of the Drafting Committee, asked for all drafting changes to be included in the Minutes*. Mr* Lindsey* Secretary of the Conference, pointed out that it was not customary to include drafting changes in the Minutes* Mr* Bramel de Clejoulx could rest assured that several members of the Secretariat wore taking'down the drafting changes, which would certainly be faithfully reproduced in the find, volume issued.-. «. The Delegate of the Roumanian People1s Republic asked for the adjective "roumaine" in the French text to W spelt with a capital letter* Mr* Stanesby (United Kingdom) asked' for the following to be inserted at the end of the first paragraph on page 9 "The United Kingdom also signified its desire to take part in tho Work of the adjiocjlroup*" In answer to a question by Mr* Tsingovatov (U.S.S.R,), the Chairman stated that all amendments of substance'would be included in the Minutes*' 3 Report of the ad hoc Group on long-distance wide-band radio relay systems* Docs. 740, 817, 31S At the request of the Delegation of the U.S.S.R.. supported by the Delegation of the Ukrainian S.S.R* it was' agreed to postpone discussion of these subjects until the early afternoon, in order to allow more time fpr study of the documents* The meeting then passed to discussion on j 4* Consideration and approval of texts submitted by the Drafting Committee (pink sheets) Study Group I Doc* Bandwidths of Emissions After a brief introduction by Dr* Metzler, Chairman of Study Group I, Mr* Tsingovatov (U.S.S.R.) stated : "During discussions in Study Group I, the Soviet Delegation gave the reasons which made the submitted Draft Recommendation unacceptable* In actual fact, it is a slightly modified and more complete version of Recommendation 36, the adoption of which was opposed by us at the Vlth Plenary Assembly of the C.C.I.R..

88 - 4 - (Doo. 833-E rov.) "We are against the adoption of this Recommendation as the standards for bandwidth of emissions contained in it are unjustified and do not ensure the required transmission quality# "As regards telegraphy,'these standards are based on the bandwidth produced by one kind of signal, namely, rectangular dots# "This approach to the problem is incorrect, since in actual fact the transmitter is modulated by various combinations of signals and the bandwidth necessarily occupied by it in the process differs considerably from that required for the transmission of signals of a single type# Tho data on outof-band radiations contained in the Recommendation are also in most cases unjustified and arbitrary. "In view of the above, the Soviet Delegation considers that the question of bandwidth of emissions requires further detailed investigation based on the theoretical and experimental study of frequency spectra produced by actual communications under traffic conditions and not by a series of signals of one type. "For these reasons the Soviet Delegation does not accept the Recommendation contained in Doc. 742." The Delegations of the Ukrainian S.S.R.. the Bielorussian S.S.R., the P.R. of Poland, the Hungarian.P.R.. Czechoslovakia. the Roumanian P.S.. and the P.R. of Bulgaria made similar reservations. Prof. vail.der Pol suggested, and it was agreed, to replace, in the first line of para. 7, as well as elsewhere, when it occurred in the same context,, the word "energy" by "power". Subject to these amendments and with the above reservations, Doc. 742 was approved... Doc. *782 - Study Programme: - Bandwidth of Emissions After a short introduction by Dr. Metzler. Chairman of Study Group I, Doc. 782, was without discussion, adopted«unanimously. Doc Recommendation: - Harmonics and Spurious Emissions After introduction by Dr. Metzler, and a short discussion in which it was decided to replace the word "spurious" by "parasitic" in the title and in the body of the document, Doc. 784 was unanimously approved. Doc Report: - Harmonics and Spurious Emissions After introduction by the Chairman of Study Group I, and with the change adopted in Doc. 784, Doo. 785 was unanimously approved. Doc Recommendation: - Frequency Stabilization of Transmitters After the document had been introduced by Dr. staler. Mr. van der Toom (Netherlands) expressed doubt as to whether the C.C.I.R. was entirely justified in recommending Administrations to follow a course which they were bound to follow under the Regulations* He therefore proposed the deletion of consideration a) and the first paragraph of the Recommendation proper. *..

89 - 5 - (Doo. 83$*B rev.) The proposal was supported by Dr. Sterky (Sweden) During the ensuing discussion a divergence of opinion was revealed and Mr. Stanesby (United Kingdom) proposed the following compromise amendment, the first paragraph of the Recommendation proper to be amended to read : "1. that the attention, of Administrations be drawn to the fact that some transmitters do not appear to be conforming with the Atlantic City frequency tolerances and that interference is arising therefrom." Mr. van der Toom had no objection to the Uhited Kingdom amendment which was carried unanimously. Dr. van Duuren (Netherlands), then proposed that the word "tolerances" in consideration b) be replaced by "substantially closer tolerances". Mr. Tsingovatov (U.S.S.R.) opposed the amendment on the grounds that it would mean completely7 re-designing many existing transmitters with serious financial consequences. The Delegate of the Roumanian P.R. opposed the amendment on the grounds that consideration b) would then have no logical link with the other considerations. Mr. Bramel de Clejoulx (France) also opposed the amendment. It was a serious change of substance and there was no time to examine its full implications. In view of the opposition, the Netherlands Delegation withdrew the amendment. ' ' Mr. Oracle (I.F.R.B.) was soriy the amendment had not been accepted. He found it difficult to understand how further improvement could be obtained unless the tolerances were improved. Referring to para. 1, he pointed out that the I.F.R.B., in considering frequency notifications, had no alternative but to assume that the Atlantic City tolerances were being met, since this was a definite obligation under the Regulations. With tho insertion of the word "practical" between the words "such" and "features" in para, c), Doc. 786 as amended, was unanimously approved. Doc Report: - Frequency Stabilization of Transmitters. After a brief introduction by the Chairman of Study Group I. it was agreed, on a proposal of Dr. Dellinger (United States) to delete para. 2 and insert the origin of the documents listed in that paragraph after the relative heading. Doc. 787 was then' unanimously approved. Study Group II Doc Recommendation: - Selectivity of Receivers Mr. Bray, introducing the document on behalf of Mr. David, Chairman of Stuc^r Group II, requested that the following note be added to page 6 :

90 - 6 - (I)o rev.) "Note* Annex 1 gives representative' values for the selectivity of several types of receiver (excluding television receivers) and is based on data and information given in the Annex to Recommendation 42 (Geneva) and Docs. 98, 123, 178, 236, 239 and 290 (London). Annex 2 gives representative values for the selectivity of television receivers and is based on data given in Doc. 99 (London). The data given in Annexes 1 and 2 were collected as part of the studies required by Study Programme 6 (Geneva)." Agreed. Mr. Bray further suggested that it would be more accurate on page 3, para. 3, second line, to change : "receiver aerial" to "receiver input". He also proposed, in order to be consistent, that on page 3# under- para. 4.3, the line : "Where the local oscillator frequency is higher or lower than the " be change to : " where the frequency-change oscillator is higher or lower in frecpency than the Agreed. Mr. Ouspensky (Ukrainian S.S.R.) said that his Delegation could accept the document if the following sontwnocwere added : "The values given in the Annexes cannot be regarded as general standards of selectivity for all receivers". This amendment was supported by the Delegate of the P.R. of Poland. The Chairman suggested that the point might be covered by inserting the words "a limited number of receivers". Mr. Ouspensky admitted that the insertion would be an improvement but insisted on his amendment, which was put to the vote. It was rejected by 18 votes to 8, with 7 abstentions The Delegates of the U.S.S.R., the P.R. of Poland, the Ukrainian S.S.R. and Czechoslovakia reserved their position as regards Doc Mr. Gracie (I.F.R.B.) expressed his appreciation of the additional data given on the selectivity of receivers in.current use. In the view of the I.F.R.B., this was only a first stage towards minimum selectivity standards for receivers to give a minimum of interference. He hoped that the work would be pursued in the future. Mr. Ouspensky said that Mr. Gracie* s remarks only confirmed the fact that his amendment was justified. There was no question of general standards. The document was purely informative. Mr. Zharov (Bielorussian S.S.R.) said that his Delegation had abstained from voting but, after listening to Mr. Gracie, he wished it to be placed on record that his Delegation found Doc. 730 unacceptable. Mr. Baliga (India) wished to reserve the position of his Delegation provisionally, since it had not had time to study the document thoroughly. He hoped to be able to withdraw the reservation later. With the above reservations, Doc as amended, was approved. Doc Recommendation: - Noise and Sensitivity of Receivers Mr. Burgess (United'States) introducing the document on behalf of the Chairman of Stu^y Group II, proposed that Item 10 on page 3 become Item 3 on page 2, with, of course, the numbering of the subsequent items Seing modified accordingly. Agreed. To forestall any misunderstanding he requested the addition of the following note after para. 11 :

91 - 7 - (Loo, 833- rev.) "Note. The Annexes give, for reference purposes, the noise and sensitivity values obtained for several types of receiver in current use in certain countries, based on data and information given in Recommendation 41 (Geneva) and Docs'. 118, 121, 133, 178 and 238 (London) The data were collected as part of the studies required by Question 47 (Geneva)" Agreed. Mr. van der Wijck (Netherlands) drew attention to an omission from the table on page 13 and said he would hand in the figures to the Secretariat. Agreed. The Delegations of the U.S.S.R., the P.R. of Poland, the Ukrainian S.S.R. and Bielorussian S.S.R. reserved their views on Doc Baliga (India) reserved the position of his Delegation provisionally and hoped to be able to withdraw the reservation at a future date. With the above reservations, additions and drafting changes, Doc. 778 was approved. The Meeting then recessed for luncheon. At the reopening of the Session, the Chairman proposed the discussion of the Report of the ad hocjgroup on Long-Distance, Wide-Battd Radio Relay Systems (Docs. 740, 817, 8l87,~which had been postponed that morning. Mr. Tsingovatov (U.S.S.R.), referring to the second paragraph on page 1 of Doc. 740, said that he had no objections to point (i), but was afraid that point (ii) might give rise to doubt. If the expression "outline planning" concerned plans on concrete lines, then such activity was clearly outside the competence of the C.C.I.R. and was a matter for Administrations to deal with themselves. Mr. Stanesby (United Kingdom) said that he could to some extent sympathise with Mr. Tsingovatov. The wording was indefinite, but so were the instructions received both from the Administrative Council and the Buenos Aires Conference. However, he wished to stress that the Group had no intention whatever of advocating the engineering of projects. Dr. Sterky (Sweden) said that the aim of the Report in Annex III to Doc# 740 was to find a formal solution of the problem of how the C.C.I.R. should cooperate with the other C.C.I. s in the matter. He felt that the C.C.I.R. should take an active part in planning future international networks in the same way as the G.C.I.F. had already done. The present Plenary Assembly could not decide how far the C.C.I.R. could collaborate and it was for that reason that the matter was being placed before the Council. Prof. van der Pol (Director, C.C.I.R.) pointed out that the Report concerned only international planning. The C.C.I.R. had obviously no intention of interfering in the internal affairs of Administrations although, if so requested, it could advise the Administrations in planning networks that would present the greatest advantages from an international point of view. The request to study the matter under consideration had come from the Administrative Council and it seemed only natural to appeal to the Council for guidance to avoid duplication of work*

92 8 (Doc. 833-E rev.) Mr. Ouspensky (Ukrainian'S.S.R.) said that item (i) on page 1 of Doc.740 was quite within the competence of the C.C.I.R. but item (ii) should be deleted since planning was purely a matter for Administrations. As there was a cleavage of opinion, the Chairman put Doc. 740 to the vote. It was approved by 25 votes to 0, with 8 abstentions. The Delegate of the U.S.S.R. stated that he had refrained from voting, and that he reserved his opinion on the draft Report of the Administrative Council. He asked that this statement should appear in the Minutes. Study Group III Docs. 817 and 818 were then approved unanimously. Doc Recommendation: - Reduction of Occupied Bandwidth and Transmitter Power in Radiotelephony. Dr. van Duuren. Chairman of Study Group III, introducing the document, proposed the following drafting changes: - para, (c) to read: "... further that improvements can be obtained by the use of noise reducers and devices, enabling the average percentage of modulation to be maintained at a high level, e.g. peak clipping devices"; - that para. 1 be modified to read: "that Administrations should, whenever possible, make use of Both modifications were agreed. Mr. Tsingovatov (UcS.S.R.) said that the footnotes were unnecessary, as the information they gave could be found 'in current technical literature. They should therefore be deleted. Group. Dr. van Duuren could not accept the amendment on behalf of* the Study The Chairman therefore asked the Assembly to express by a vote whether the footnotes should be deleted. In favour of deletion: 8, against: 25, abstentions: 2. The footnotes were therefore retained;, Doc as amended, was then approved, subject to the reservation of their views by the Delegations of the. U.S.S.R. and the Ukrainian S.S.R. Doc Recommendation: - Directivity of Antennae at Great Distances. After introduction by the Chairman of Study Group III, the following drafting changes were agreed:... v - para, a), delete the words "chiefly distant"; - para. 1. "great distance circuits" to become "long distance circuits"? - para. 3* "Specialized Secretariat of the C.C.I.R." to become "Director of the C.C.I.Ro". With these changes, Doc. 759 was approved, subject to the reservation of their opinion by the Delegations of the U.SoS.R.. the UjcrainijmS.S.R., the Bielorussian S.S.R. and Czechoslovakia0 Doco Question: - Directivity of Antennae at Great Distances. After being introduced by the Chairman of Study Group III, this document was approved without discussion, subject to the reservation by the P.R. of Poland, which did not accept the documento

93 - 9 (too. 83>E rov.) Doc# Recommendation: - Use of Directional Antennae Introducing the document, the Chairman of Study Group III mentioned that it was a partial reply to Question No, 48# Mr# Tsingovatov (U,S#S#R#) said that it was not good practice to provide partial, provisional answers# The C.C#I#R# should make recommendations only on questions that had been fully studied. He therefore proposed that para, 1 and the Annex should be deleted,. «The proposal was seconded by the Delegate of the Ukrainian S.S.R. Dr# van Duuren said that Mr# Tsingovatov* s proposal was in contradiction to Re commendation 14 of the E#A#R#C# which said that partial replies would be appreciated# Chairman therefore put Mr# Tsingovatov* s proposal to the vote# It was rejected by 25 votes to 8, with 1 abstention# Doc# 761 was then adopted, subject to the reservation of their views by the Delegations of the U#S,S»R# and the Ukrainian S.S.R. Doo# Recommendations - Voice Frequency Telegraphy on Radio Circuits After introduction by the Chairman of Study Group III, this document was approved unanimously. Doc# Rfeports - Voice Frequency Telegraphy on Radio Circuits After introduction by the Chairman of Study Group III, this document was approved unanimously# Doc, Study Programme: - Voice Frequency Telegraphy on Radio Circuits After introduction by the Chairman of Study Group III, this document was approved unanimously. Doc# Question:. - Interference Effects of Atmospheric Noise on Radio Reception After introduction by the Chairman of Study Group III, this document was approved unanimously# Dpc# Study Programme: - Interference Effects of Atmospheric Noise on Radio Reception After introduction by the Chairman of Study Group III, this document was approved unanimously# Doc# Recommendation: - Signal-to-Interference Protection Introducing the document, the Chaim an of Study Group III explained that the Study Group had attempted to give a very partial answer to E#A,R.C, Recommendation No, 14, It had been noted, however, that the figures given in the Annex could not be added directly to the fading allowance given iii Doc# 777, and it was to determine how these factors could be combined that the Stucy Programme in Doc# 772 had been formulated# He requested the following drafting changes :

94 (Doc# 833- rev#) - in para# 1, the words "in the same channel" to bo replaced by : "when the interfering signal lies within the bandwidth occupied by the wanted signal"} - in para# 3* 4th line, that the word : "spectrum" be replaced by "signal". In reply to a question by Prof. van der Pol, Dr# van Duuren stated that it was intended that the information asked for by'the E.AJl.C«should bo published as soon as possible, without waiting for the VUIth Plenary Assembly of the C.C.I.R. Subject to the reservation of their opinion by the Delegations of tho U.S.S.R., the Ukrainian S.S.R., the Bielorussian S.S.R#, the P.R. of Poland, Czechoslovakia, the Hungarian P.R.,-the'Roumanian P.R#~ and the?#r. of Bulgaria, Doc# 770, as amended, was approved. Doc Recommendation: - Channel Separation Achieved in Practice After a short introduction by the Chairman of Study Group III, Doc. 771 was adopted, subject to the reservation of their opinion by the Delegations of the P#R. of Poland, the U#S#S#R#, tho Ukrainian S.S.R# and the Hungarian P.R. Docq Stud/ Programme: - Effect of Interference and Noise on Quality of Service After a brief introduction by Dr. van Duuren, Mr. Tsingovatov (U.S.S.R#) proposed to delete para, (d)# Agreed. At the request of Dr. Dellinger (U.S.A.), it was agreed to add the words "in the presence of fading" to tho title, and the words "for publication" after "the Director of the C.C.I.R," in the last line of the footnote. Subject to these changes, Doc. 772 'was unanimously -approved. Doc Recommendation: - Bandwidths and Signal/tloise Ratios in Complete Systems After a brief introduction by the Chairman of Study Group III the Delegate of the P.R. of Poland said that the Recommendation was only one*of a series, proposing to standardize equipment used by the Administrations. This was an incorrect procedure, and his Delegation therefore reserved its opinion on Doc. 775* The Delegates of Czechoslovakia, the Hungarian P,R., the P»R. of Bulgaria and the Roumanian P.R. also announced that they could not accept Doc. 775# Mr, Tsingovatov (U.S.S.R.) said : "The Soviet Delegation considers that the Draft Recommendation submitted in Doc. 775 has no adequate foundation. "At present there is no sufficient justification for determining the bandwidths and the signal-to-noise ratios which would satisfy the required quality of transmission and would take account of the various types of interference. "Consequently, the Soviet Delegation does not accept the Recommendation submitted in Doc, 775 and considers that further study should be made of these questions"

95 -ll- Cnee. t>33e rev.) The Delegations of the Ukrainian S.S.R. and the Bielorussian S.S.R. stated that they could not accept Doc. 775, since the figures it contained were unfounded. Subject to the above reservations Doc. 775 was approved, with one slight drafting change, proposed by Mr. Allen ( U.S.A.), that, in order to clarify the text, Note 3. be changed to read : "...of the audio signal when measured on a standard VU-metre, to RMS noise for a bandwidth of 3 kc/s." Doc Study Programme: - Improvement Obtainable from the Use of Directional Antennae After a short introduction by the Chairman of Study Group III, Docc 776 was approved unanimously. Doc Re commendation: - Fading Allowances for the Various Classes of Service Dr. van Duuren, in introducing Doc. 777, explained that it was not possible to add the provisional values for fading allowance, given in the document, directly to the figures for stable conditions, given in Doc. 775, and that it was to ascertain how these allowances could be combined that the Study Programme contained in Doc..772 had been formulated. Mr. Tsingovatov (U.S.S.R.), stated : "The Soviet Delegation does not accept.the Recommendation submitted in Doc. 777, since the allowances for fading proposed thaein have no justification or confirmation whatsoever. "Discussion of these data in Study Group III was not effected in a scientific manner and the allowance values were adopted arbitrarily without proper justification. "For these reasons we object to the adoption of Doc. 777". The Delegations of the P.R. of Poland, the Hungarian P.R0, the Bielorussian S.S.R.. the Roumanian P.R., the Ukrainian S.S.R., the P.R. of Bulgaria and Czechoslovakia made similar reservations...ii,..i.i..h»....1 '»" Subject to these reservations, Doc. 777 was approved. Doc Study Programme: - Bandwidths and Signal-to-Noise Ratios in Complete Systems After introduction by the Chairman of Study Group III, Doc. 779 was unanimously approved. Doc Study Programme: - Temporal Variation of Groundwave Field Strengths After introduction by the Chairman of Study Group III, Doc. 803 was unanimously approved. Doc Report: - Temporal Variation of Ground-Wave Field Strengths After introduction by the Chairman of Study Group III, Doc. 804 was unanimously approved.

96 (toe* #33* atev.) Study Group VI Doc# Study Programme: - Radio Propagation at Frequencies Below 1500 kc/s In introducing Doc# 754, Dr# Dellinger, Chairman of-study Group VI, proposed the following amendments :.- in para* 3, to replace "the method of propagation" by "the manner of propagation"* - in para# 5, the deletion of the text following "influence of the earth's magnetic field"* - that the previously agreed reference to the U.R.3.I. be added as a Note# Subject to these amendments and the reservation of their opinion by the Delegations of the U.S.S.R., the Ukrainian S.S.R* and the Bielorussian S#S#R#, Doc* 754 was approved# Doc* Report: - Exchange of Information for the Preparation of Short-Term Forecasts and the Transmission of Ionospheric Disturbance Warnings After a brief introduction by the Chairman of Study Group VI, Mr# Bramel de Clejoulx (France) suggested that, in para# 3, after the words "has been broadcasting", the words "several times per day" be inserted# Agreed# Doc* 757, as amended, was then unanimously approved* Doc# Report: - Rapid Exchange of Information on Propagation Introducing the document, Dr# Dellinger proposed that the present title commence with the words : "Centralizing Agencies for the#.* "# Agreed. Doc# 788, as amended, was unanimously approved# Stuffy Group IX Doc# 625 (rev) - Question: - The Use of Radio Circuits in Association with 5-Unit Start-Stop Telegraph Apparatus After a short introduction by Mr# Stanesby, Chairman of Study Group IX, Doc# 625 (rev), was unanimously approved# Doc# Recommendation: - Identification of Radio Stations In introducing the document, the Chairman of Study Group IX asked whether the incorporation of the signal "QTT" in the International Q-code was a matter for the C#C*I.R* Prof# van der Pol stated that this was a matter for decision by the Administrative Radio Conference# Subject to the reservation of their opinion by the Delegations of the U.S.S.R., the P.R* of Poland, the Ukrainian S*S*R. and Czechoslovakia, Doc. 79S v/as approved.

97 Study Group X e n ( t o e 9 033^ t o y 9} Doc* Recommendation: - Standards of Sound Re cording for the International Exchange of Progranmes Introducing the document, Mr*.McNaughten, Chairman of Study Group X, proposed the following drafting changes, which were agreed: - page 2, para. 6, delete the words fully loaded from the title of the paragraph*. - page 3, para* 9, the para* immediately following the title to bo replaced by th corresponding text originally contained in Doc* 579; - page 4, Note 1, first para, delete the rro rd "air precceding gap * - delete.the word internal and insert in the material after losses ; -Note 1, 3^d para* chango condensation" to "equalisation (this change to be made throughout.the text); - at the foot of page 4, replace note by corresponding text originally contained in Doc* 379i - pago 5* sub-para* 2 (a), in the end of tho penultimate sentence, replace induction loop by inducing loop (this change to be made throughout the text); - pago 6, second para, lino 2, variation of the surface induction to be replaced by relative surface induction"; - same para* line 5* induction frequency to be replaced by induction/frequency" (this change to be made throughout the document); - page 10, fig* 6, - tho curve shown should not continue beyond 1 5,0 0 0 c/s* Mr* Tsingovatov (U*S*S*R*), stated that, for reasons he had already given, tho Soviet Delegation could not accept Doc* 739* The Delegations of tho Ukrainian S*S»R*, the Bielorussian S*3«R0i the P*R* of Poland, Czechoslovakia, tho Hungarian P0R*, the Roumanian P.R* and the P»R* of Bulgaria,.stated that they also could not accept Doc* 789* Subject to the above reservations and amendments, Doc* 789 was approved* Study Group XII Doc* Recommendation: - Design of Aerials for Tropical Broadcasting After & brief introduction by Mr* Baliga, Chairman of Study Group XII it was agreed, upon the proposal of Mr* 'Bramel de Cl&joulx (France) to insert the word transmitting before aerials" in the title. Mr* Tsingovatov (U.S.S.R.) reserved his opinion with regard to Doc* 79Q» The Delegate of the P»R» of Poland stated that, as his Administration was not concerned with tropical broadcasting, he made a general reservation on Docg. 790, 791, 792, 793, 794, 796 and 797. Subject tc the above reservations, Doc* 790* as amended, was approved*

98 (j oe, {J33-E rov*). i r Doc Recommendation: - Minimum Permissible Protection Ratio to Avoid Interference in the Bands Shared with Tropical Broadcasting After an introduction by Mr. Baliga, Mr. Tsingovatov (U.S.S.R.) stated : "The Soviet Delegation does not accept tho Recommendation submitted in Doc. 791, because so far insufficient study has been made, of the level and nature of interference in the tropical zone. Therefore, the adoption of protection ratio standards is premature. 1.With the above reservation and the general reservation of the P.R. of Poland,,Doc. 791 was approved. Doc Report: - Design of Aerials for Tropical Broadcasting Mr. Baliga, in introducing the document, mentioned that there were several slight corrections to be made to the curves annexed to the document, but that he would hand these in to the Secretariat. Agreed. Doc was then approved, subject to the general reservation of the P.R. of Poland. Doc Question: - Interference in the Bands Shared with Broadcasting After an introduction by the Chairman of Study Group XII, Mr. Tsingovatov (U.S.S.R.) asked for it to be recorded in the Minutes that the figure of 5 kc/s, mentioned in the second footnote, was adopted only to facilitate measurements, and did not prejudge actual transmitted bandwidths. With the general reservation of the P.R. of Poland, Doc. 793 was approved. Doc Study Programme: - Interference in the Bands Shared with Broadcasting After the document had been introduced by Mr. Baliga, it was approved, subject to the general reservation of the P.R. of Poland., Doc. 796 * Recommendation: - Design of Aerials for Tropical Broadcasting Introducing the document, Mr. Baliga suggested two drafting changes : - end of para, a), the word "possible" to be replaced by "practicable1^ - para. 2, last line, "16 feet in length" to be replaced by "each 16 feet in length". Agreed. In analogy with Doc. 790, Mr. Bramel de Clejoulx (France) proposed, and it was agreed, that the word "receiving" be inserted before "aerials" in the title. 'Subject tp these amendments, and the general reservation of the P.R. of Poland, Doc. 796 was approved. Doc Question: - The Maximum Power for Short-Distance High Frequency Broadcasting in the Tropical Zone At the request of Mr. Baliga, discussion of Doc. 797 was deferred until Doc. 795 would be available, as the latter document was closely connected to it.

99 (Doc. 833-^2 rev.) Study Group XIV Doc Recommendation : - Means of Expression : Terms, Definitions, Graphical and. Letter Symbols and their Conventional Usage. Prof. Gorio. Chairman of Study Group XIV, briefly summarized the historical background of the Question, and gave a short account of the purposes of the Recommendation. Mr. Allen (United States) felt that the condition of urgency mentioned in the document would be difficult to fulfill. The compilation of such a glossary was not a task that could be carried out rapidly before a given date# If it were to have the full authority of the C.C.I.R*, the work must be carried out on a sound basis and to a schedule that would produce worthwhile results. Prof. van der Pol. Director C.C.I.R., explained that the idea of urgency came from the Administrative Council and Geneva Resolution No. 5, although the latter entrusted certain dutios to the Director of the C.C.I.R. "as his other duties permit" In connection with para, d) on page 1, he said that it might be added that "the Director had answered him and taken the steps required". Referring to the last phrase in paragraph 4*1 ("main general terms taken from other branches of science and technology"), he wondered whether that was not going a little too far. The field was too large and it would be difficult to decide where to stop. With regard to paragraph 4*6, ho pointed out that the Plenipotentiary Conference had desired to avoid separate meetings of Study Groups. Mr. Arciuch (P.R. of Poland) said that Prof. van der Pol had raised several points he himself had intended to raise# But there were other doubtful points. For instance, what exactly was the meaning of "national correspondants" and why was the expression put between inverted commas? It was also said that tho final text would be drawn up in two languages# He was under the impression that the I.T.U. had five official languages. Dr. Ibllinger (United States) said the Recommendation laid a heavy load on the Study Groups which it would be difficult to discharge within the prescribed time-limit. If the work were to be done well - and it must be done well for the prestige of the I.T.U. - it would take years. The Chairman regretted that this discussion, which showed that there was still considerable disagreement on the contents of the document, had not taken place in a Study Group Meeting, rather than in the Plenary Assembly. In view of the time and other engagements for tho evening, he proposed to adjourn the discussion, and the Meeting rose at 6.20 p.m. Rapporteur s Secretary : Thfchairmn. H. HEATON R.V. LINDSEY H. FAULKNER

100 Vllth PLENARY ASSEMBLY C.C.I.R. LONDON, 1953 Doc. 834-E rev. 10th November, 1953 Page 1 PLENARY ASSEMBLY M I N U T E S- 'OF THE EIGHTH AND FINAL PLENARY -SESSION 7 October hours / Subjects discussed? 1. Matters not considered at Seventh Plenary Session: 1.1 Documents 781 and Document Any Other Business 2. Appointment of Vice-Chairmen of the CCIR Study Groups (Doo. 826) 3. Approval of the Minutes of the Fourth Plenary Session (Doo. 808) 4. Consideration of Texts submitted for Approval by the Drafting Committee: Docs. 825, 805, 806, 809, 810, 811, 812, 813, 780, 828, 799, 801, 830, 711.rev., 815, 816, 829, 795, 797, 802, 823, 814, 822, Proposal of Sweden on Propagation Data required for Wide Band Radio Systems (Doc. 819) 6. Report of the Finance Committee (Doc. 821) 7. Assignment to the Study Groups of the Finding of theveeith Plenary Assembly (Doc. 827) Validity of Old Recommendations 9. Publication of the Final Documents of the Vllth Plenary Assembly 10. Meetings of Study Groups between the Vllth and the Vllth Plenary Assemblies 11. Place and Date of the VUIth Plenary Assembly 12. Any other Business 13# Closing Present: Mr. H. Faulkmr (United Kingdom) was in the Chair. Administrations (a) Members of the I.T.U. Australia, Austria, Belgium, Bielorussian S.S.R,, P.R. of Bulgaria, Canada, China,'Denmark, Egypt, Spain, United States of America, France, Hungarian P.R., India, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Norway, New Zealand, Netherlands, P.R. of Poland, French Protectorates of Morocco and Tunisia, Federal German Republic, FPR of Yugoslavia, Ukrainian SSR, Roumanian PR, United Kingdom of Great Britain

101 ~ 2 ~ (Doo. 83A-*3 rov.) and Northern Ireland, Sweden, Switzerland, Czechoslovakia, Overseas Territories of the French Republic and Territories administered as such,.turkey, Union of South Africa and Territory of South-West Africa, U.S.S.R., Venezuela. (b) Associate Member of lfcb.3 I.T.U, British East Africa Recognized Private Operating Agencies British Broadcasting Corporation (B.B.C.) Cable and Wireless, Ltd., International Marine Radio Comp. Ltd. (I.M.R.C.) Marconi International Marine Commun. Co. Ltd. (M.I.M.C.C.) Redifon Ltd. International Organisations Comite International Radio Maritime (C.I.R.M.) Organisation Internationale de Radiodiffusion (O.I.R.).Union Radio-Scientifique Internationale (U.R.S.I.) World Meteorological Organisation (W.M.O.) Permanent Organ of the I.T.U. International Frequency Registration Board (I.F.R.B.) Mr. Gerald C. Gross, Assistant Secretary General, I.T.U., was also present-. Secretary : Mr. R.V. Lindsey The Chairman opened the Meeting at hours. session. The Meeting first considered the business uncompleted at the seventh Unfinished Business on the Agenda of the Seventh Plenary Session In opening the last Session, the Chairman proposed to the Meeting to continue discussion of tho outstanding items on the Agenda of the Seventh Plenary Session. 1.1 Consideration of Texts Submitted for Approval by tho Drafting Committee Study Group XIV Doc* Recommendation* - Means of Expression, Terms, Definitions, Graphical and Letter Symbols arri their Conventional Usage The Chairman, in continuing discussion of this document, asked if any amendments were proposed... Mr. Stanesby (United Kingdom), seconded by Mr. van der Toorn (Netherlands), proposed :

102 - 3 - (Doc. 834-E rev.*) - on page 2, para. 4.3, second and 3rd line, the deletion of the words "within 4 months of the date of receipt"; - on page 3, para. 4.5, first ani second line, the deletion of the words "that replies to the second enquiry should reach the Director of the CCIR v/ithin 6 months". Agreed* Dr. Metzler (Switzerland) suggested that, in view of the long discussion which had taken place the previous day on the substance of Doc. 781, it might be possible not to submit the document, but rather to continue the study of the question raised therein, as part of the normal work of Study Group XIV. Prof. Gorio, Chairman of Study Group XIV, felt that, as th document had been unanimously approved by the Study Group, he was bound to present it to the Plenary Assembly. Ttl<3 Chairman, in agreeing with Prof. Gorio, felt that, frcm the course of tho discussion, the document could be agreed upon with a few further amendments* Ur. Allen (U.S.A.).asked for an interpretation of the text conventions for putting these means of expression to the best u s e " occurring on page 2, in para. 1. Prof. Gorio explained that this text, in fact, referred to a proposal on graphic symbols, made.by Australia,, and the necessity for reaching an agreement on the application of these s y m b o l s * He did not, however, have any objection to the deletion of this text. Prof. van der Pol, Director, CCIR, suggested several additional amendments, in line with those already agreed, concerning the urgency of the subject matter. He proposed: - on page 1, para, a), first line, that the words the "highest" be * deleted; - that the same words be deleted on page 2, para. 4; - on page 2, para. 4, 3rd line, the words: "as soon as possible" be deleted. Furthermore, he pointed out that, on page 2, para. 2, penultimate line, the word "experts occurred, which had been changed in a previous document. "experts". The Chairman suggested that the word "representatives" replace Prof. van der Pol pointed out that the same term occurred in the penultimate line of para. 4, point 2.- He further suggested a deletion on page 1, para.d) of the words: " and has written to this effect to the Director of the CCIR". Ilr. Allen (U.S.A.) supported the amendments suggested by the Director, and, in addition, proposed deletion of the reference to a meeting of the Study Group, appearing on page 3, para He felt that the Chairman of the Study Group had sufficient authority to call a meeting of his Study Group if

103 - 4 - (Doe, $34-i5 rev.) progress of the work warranted suoh action. In addition, he felt that the studies set forth in the document and the resultant actions, except for the part of the Director, were wholly within the province of Study Group XIV and needed no specific directive from the Assembly. However, if the Director felt that he would like to take part in the activities of the Study Group, as specified in the document, he would find the document satisfactory as amended. Prof. Gorio, in reply to a question by the Chairman, indicated that he considered the amendments proposed by Prof. van der Pol to be acceptable. Mr. Bramel de Clejoulx (France) did not agree to the deletion of the words "as soon as possible" in para. 4, as he felt that the Radiocaramunications vocabulary should be published as soon as possible, as the one for telephony had already been concluded. He had supported the other amendments because he felt that it would not be possible to acconplish the work within the time limits suggested* Prof. van der Pol withdrew his proposal of the deletion of "as soon as possible". At the same time he questioned the intention of the Study Group, relative to the expression at the end of para. 4.1': "... main general terms, taken from other branches of science and technology". Prof. Gorio explained that he was thinking of certain terms taken from other fields, ani which were of interest to radiocommunications, for ir>stance, meteorological terms, used in Connection with tropospheric propagation. agreed. There being no objection to Prof. van der Pol s proposals they were Chairman passed to the proposal to delete para. 4.6 referring to the mooting of Study Group XW. Prof. Gorio agreed to the deletion of the paragraph, as the necessity for a Study Group meeting could be considered at a later date. Doc. 781, as amended, was then unanimously adopted. Doc. 783 ~ Recommendation - : Unit Systems Prof. Gorio, Chairman of Study Group XIV, in introducing the document, pointed out that it was closely related to Resolution No. 6. Mr. Tsingovatov (U.S.S.R.) was of the opinion that the whole matter of unit systems had not been sufficiently studied and that, moreover, the question of a system of units not only concerned Telecommunication Administrations, but also mary connected fields. He therefore felt that-it would be better nob to take a decision on the subject and that the question should be postponed, the document being referred to the Administrations for study, so that they could inform the CCIR of their views on the subject. Prof. Gorio pointed out that the Giorgi system had been proposed some 50 years ago, and that it had been widely usad He stressed that the International Electrotechnical Committee had already recommended the use of the system in July 1950.

104 - 5 - (Doc* 834-E rev.)* Prof* van der Pol regretted speaking on the subject at such a late date, but it had not been possible for the Secretariat to attend all Study Group meetings* He wished to draw attention to the fact that the International Union for pure and Applied Physics had informed him that, while the Giorgi or NKS system could be recommended, it was not proposed by that body that the CGS system could be abandoned, there being a strong tendency of physicists to retain the latter system* Mr* Tsingovatov (U*S.S R.) made the following statement j The Soviet Delegation does not, at this moment, object in any way to the Giorgi system itself* Nevertheless, we consider that any decision on that matter should be left to the National Administrations themselves, which will doubtless wish to consult the appropriate scientific and technical organisations when solving this question* Consequently, the Soviet Delegation reserves its opinion on the recommendation submitted in Doc* 783*n Mr* Aroiuch (P*R* of Poland) supported the opinion of Mr* Tsingovatov on the subject* Mr* Allen (U.S.A.) felt that a future study of the subject would not lead to any further results, and he therefore suggested that the document be amended to state that Administrations and private operating agencies should encourage the adoption of the Giorgi system* After a discussion in which Mr* Baliga (India), Mr* Allen (U.S.A.) Mr* Gneme (Italy), Mr* Stanesby (United Kingdom), Mr* Bramel de Cle.joulz (France) and Mr* Hecht (United Kingdom) took part, it was agreed by 22 votes in favour. 0 against and 11 abstentions, to insert the words : "be encouraged gradually to" between "should" and "adopt" in the first line of the "recommends". Doc* 783 was the adopted, subject to the reservation of their opinion of the Delegations of the U.S.S.R.. P.R* of Poland and the Ukrainian S.SoR* 1*2* Report by the Director of the C.C.I.R. (Doc. 115) Introducing his Report, the Director of the C.C*I*R* pointed out that it had already been distributed with the preparatory documentation of the Meeting, so that he had no further introduction to make, except for one point, mentioned under 1.9, concerning urgent subjects. The solution.of urgent questions had become oven more important now that the interval between Plenary Assemblies had become three years. Delays occurred frequently in practice when questions were treated by correspondence only, and he would therefore like to have a directive from the Plenary on the subject* Tb0 Chairman mentioned that this problem had, in fact, already occurred, and referred to the Study Group meetings which were held in Stockholm in 1952, immediately proceeding the European Broadcasting Conference. problem. Prof* van der Pol agreed that Study Group meetings might solve the

105 6 (Dorev.) The Chaiman, while pointing out that the findings of such meetings would still have to be approved by the Plenary Assembly to become a true CCIR Recommendation, asked the Meeting for approval of this procedure, whioh would consist in the issuance of interim reports by Study Groups, in order to be able to give a rapid reply to urgent questions. Mr. Tsingovatov (U.S.S.R.) felt that extraordinary meetings had not been envisaged by the Convention and therefore the -CCIR had not the power to create new rules. The normal procedure envisaged meetings of Study Groups and he did not think that it was necessary to change it. The Chairman pointed out that this was, in fact, what had taken place, so that the Regulations were not in any way beirig altered, in this connection. Mr* Allen (U.S.A.) doubted whether it was.correct that the CCIR had taken part in the meeting at Stockholm, as it was a Regional Conference, rather than a general ITU one. He felt that mature consideration should be given to the problem of using the age m y of the CCIR to settle regional problems, as this might commit participants to bear expenses of studies which were of no interest to them. Mr. Gross, Assistant Secretary General, ITU, pointed out that there were two distinct meetings in Stockholm* one, of,the Study Groups of the CCIR, the other, which was totally unconnected,, being the European Broadcasting Conr* ference, which vfas not staffed by the CCIR, but, in part, by the General Secretariat of the ITU, as had been the case with other regional conferences. Mr. Tsingovatov (U.S.S.R.) was of the opinion that Study Group findings had no official standing until they had been approved.by the P]e nary Assem-* bly. Study Groups could not issue anything which might be considered as a temporary or a provisional recommendation,.as such items were not provided for in the Convention. Of course, a participant could use any documents or findings of a Study Group at any conference, but in that case the views presented would be those of his Administration, rather than of the GCIR. Mr. van der Toorn (Netherlands) proposed, as a point of order, that, in view of the very heavy schedule, the debate on this question should be closed. The Chairman then ruled debate on that point closed, and called for the adoption of the Report. Mr. Bramel de Clejoulx (France) had two othe observations on the Report. His first observation concerned point 1.2 of the Report, where it was stated that Study Group V, at its meeting in Stockholm, had requested the Director of the CCIR to continue and extend the study of the propagation of metric waves. He doubted whether such an instruction from a Study Group was in order, as it was a request to do something which was not absolutely within the mandate of the Director, and could thus lead to expenditure. He felt that Study Groups should not be allowed to make such requests, as they were not authorized to incur esqpenditure* Mr. Gneme (Italy) supported Mr- Bramel de Cl&jdu'lx, recalling that the Administrative Council had decided that meetings could not take decisions incurring new expenditure, although they could make proposals.

106 - 7-1 (Doc* 834-E rev.*) He reminded the Meeting that, while the Ordinary Budget of the ITU, had been increased by the Plenipotentiary Conference, there were proposals for a general reduction of the ordinary Union budget for 1955 of 250,000 Swiss francs, so that such requests could not be accepted without the approval of the Administrative Council, which had to find the necessary funds Mfro Bramel de Clejoulx then passed to his second observation, which concerned para Personnel - General He remarked that the Director in this paragraph proposed the engagement, on a permanent basis, of a Technical Editor for the English language. On the other hand, in the Report of the Finance Committee, there was only mentioned the engagement of an Engineer He wished to know if these two were the same person* He felt that the need for an Editor in the English language was doubtful, as most of the officials of the Secretariat were either of English-speaking nationality, or else were very conversant with the English language In this connection, he did not understand another statement In the Report it was stated that a Class 4 Technical Assistant would be replaced by an English Technical Editor, Class 2, resulting in an economy in salaries of 5,000 Swiss francs. He did not see how this was possible. In replying to the first part of Mr Bramel de Clejoulx5s observation, Prof. van der Pol stated that, withiegard to the Technical Editor for the English language, stress should be placed on the word technical, rather than on the word editor, as the technical work was expanding in the Secretariat* Acquaintance with the English language would be an additional advantage to the technical qualifications of this person Mr Hayes. Vice-Director, CCIR, in answer to the second part of Mr. Bramel de Clejoulx*s observation, stated that the Engineer referred to in the Report of the Finance Committee was an extra engineer envisaged only from 1955 onwards, and was not to bo confused with the Technical Editor, whose engagement had been approved from 1st January, 1954, by the Administrative Councilo The economy in salary had resulted from the fact that, when the Class 4 post was transformed into a Class 2 post, another post had been simultaneously abolished, thus resulting in an overall saving on salaries of some 5,000 Swiss francs per year* Mfe Bramel de Cle.loulx thanked Prof van der Pol and Mr0 Hayes for their explanations, indicating that he would reserve his point of view on the necessity of a Technical Editor, and bring the matter up again when the Budget would be discussed. Mr. Baliga (India) wished to make a general statement, as India had done at other conferences, and also in correspondence with the ITU His remarks were therefore not particularly directed to the CCIR, which, of course, had special considerations to take into account, but he expressed the wish that the staff of the Union and its organs should include sufficient representation of all regions, particularly of South-East Asia, He was not moved by consideration of nationalism nor of regionalism, but by the proper spirit to make the staff of the Union more international in character He trusted that the Plenary Assembly would appreciate this point of view JSnaniQ (Italy) pointed out that, subsequent to the decision of the Plenipotentiary Conference in Buenos Aires, the Administrative Council had studied the question and had formulated Resolution 278, which concerned the recruitment, of the Union staff on as wide a geographical basis as possible.

107 - 8 - (Dcd* 834-E rev*} Mr* Tsingovatov (U.S.S.R.) had two remarks on Doc. 115* Tho first concerned point 1.7*3, which related to the distribution of preparatory documents. He felt that it was very important that the time limits provided for would be respected, so that preparatory documents would reach the Administrations at least one month before the Plenary Assembly. The second remark concerned para Relations with other International Organisations. He noted that a number of international meetings wore mentioned there, at which the CCIR was represented. Hc expressed the wish that a brief summary of these meetings be made available on questions of interest to the Administrations and the CCIR. Prof. van der Pol, Director,.CCIR, pointed out that it was standard practice of the CCIR for officials to make extensive reports on the meetings at which they had been present. If it was the wish of the Meeting, extracts could be made from these reports for presentation. Mr. Tsingovatov explained that such a brief summary would be in accordance with his desires. Agreed. Mr. Bramel de Clejoulx (France) asked for it to be recorded in the Minutes that he approved the Directors Report, subject to his reservations on the two points he had previously mentioned. Mr. Allen (U.S.A.) had no objection to the adoption of the Report as a statement of activities of the CCIR. However, in connection with the continued maintenance of the recording apparatus and the rental of the Villa Barth * loni, he folt that the possibility of alternative siting might be considered, together with tho relative costs. Prof. van der Pol pointed out that there was, in fact, no separate site for the recording, and that it was done in the offices of the CCIR. Mr. Allen appreciated that point, but felt that the low noise level of the present site of the CCIR should not be the sole consideration in detex*. mining the site of the CCIR offices, the financial aspects of the problem should also be considered. Mr. Gross, Assistant Secretary General, ITU, pointed out that the Secretary General and the Administrative Council had been studying the possibilities of improved quarters for the ITU in Geneva. He felt that there was nothing in the Report which could be considered as barring the CCIR from moving to other quarters, if suitable ones could be found. Mr. Hayes, Vice-Director, CCIR, pointed out that the CCIR Secretariat merely requested that it should not be moved to a site less favourable from the electrical noise point of view, if such a site were to cost tho same as the present site or to be more expensive. Mr* Gneme (Italy) confirmed Mr. Gross5 statement that the question of premises of the ITU had been under study, for the last three years, by the Administrative Council. He was of the opinion that the Minutes could only record the opinion of the Director of the CCIR, but that the question of premises was outside the competence of the CCIR. It was, of course, to be understood

108 - 9 - (Doc E rev.) that the financial aspect of the*matter was to be considered by the Finance Committee. Upon the proposal of the Chairman, the Director's Report was then unanimously approved* Dr. Sterky(Sweden) made the following statement : "Mr. Chairman, Ladies and Gentlemen, I do feel at this very moment that we all are very grateful to the Director of the CCIR, Dr. van der Pol, to the Vice-Director, Mr. Hayes, and to all members of the CCIR Specialized Secretariat fo r the report we have just approved. Their work has been a great help to a}l Administrations, private operating agencies, Chairmen and Members of our Study Groups in pursuing their tasks during the years since we met in Geneva Dr. van der Pol would probably like to say that he 'and his colleagues have only performed their duties, but I should like - on behalf of us all - to stress that they deserve our gratitude especially because their task has been carried out with 'efficiency and charm May our feelings inspire them to make new efforts for the benefit of the CCIR In years to come. Mr. Chairman, I move a vote of thanks to the Directorate of our Committee.1 (Prolonged applause). Prof. van der Pol thanked Dr. Sterky most heartly for his kind words, also on behaid of Mr. Hayes and of the staff of the CCIRa 1.3 Any Other Business The Chairman then called on Mr. Esping..who had an item for nany Other Business". Mr. Esping. Chairman of Study Group XI, pointed out that new data on television systems were being collected, which should.be added to Report No. 15. However, they were not quite complete yet, and it had therefore not been possible to submit them to the Drafting Committee. As they concerned factual data on various television systems, he suggested that the necessary additions and modifications to Report 15 be entrusted to the Secretariat. Agreed. Agenda'of the Eighth Plenary Session Reception of Three Late documents The Chairman pointed out that, since this Agenda had been published, three more documents had been received from the Drafting Committee : - Nos. 828, 830 and 829, which referred to Study Group VI, IX and X respectively.

109 (Dcov$34^ rov*) Appointment of Vice-Chairmen of C.C.I.R. Study Groups (Doc. 826) The Chairman drew attention to the fact that no candidate had been received for the Vice-Chairmanship of Study Group XIV, and he therefore proposed Colonel Reading, Assistant Engineer-ix>-Chief of the British Post Office, who was also very interested in the work of the I.E.C. and the C.C.I.F. in matters concerning vocabulary. Prof. van der Pol pointed out that the Italian Delegation had proposed Mr. Charaagne as Vice-Chairman for Study Group IV and Mr. Mitchell as Vice-Chairman for Study Group XIV. These candidates wore not contained in Doc. 826 and should be added. Mr. Gneme (Italy) pointed out that Mr. Chanagne had been suggested by the Italian Delegation for Study Group IV, as it had been previously agreed that Chairman and Vice Chairman should, in principle, be of the same region# Hr. Allen (U.S.A*) said that it had been intended by the United States Delegation to propose Mr. Millington for Study Group IV, in view of his recent work on grouniwave propagation and Dr. Newborn Smith, for his close connection with ionospheric work* as Vice-Chairman of Study Group VI, which he believed would be a logical exchange. However, now that Mr. Chamagne had been proposed for Study Group IV, he would like to have a discussion on the matter. In answer to a question by the Chairman, Mr. Gneme indicated that Mr. Allenfs proposal would be acceptable to him. Hr. Bramel de Clejoulx (France) proposed Mr. Villeneuve in the Vice- Chairmanship of Study Group XIV. The Chairman withdrew his candidate, in order to expedite a solution. In answer to a question by Prof. van der Pol, Mr. Soberg (Norway) said that he could new definitely accept his canditure for the Vice-Chairmanship of Study Group XIII. The Vice-Chairmen, list reads * as proposed, were then unanimously appointed, so Study Group I Col. J. LOCHARD France ft it II Mr. P. ABADIE France it it III Mr. J. SHALE United Kingdom it it IV Mr. G. MILLINGTON United Kingdom it i V Mr. E.W. ALLEN United States of America t ti VI Dr. NEWBERN SMITH United States of America n ti VII Prof. M. BCBLLA Italy t it VIII Mr. J. CAMPBELL Australia ti it IX Mr. G. PEDERSEN Denmark it it X Mr. A. Prose WALKER United States of America i it XI Mr. G. HANSEN Belgium ti i XII Dr. M.B. SARWATE India u n XIII Mr. J. S0B3RG Norway n it XIV Mr. VXXiEMBUVE France

110 The Delegate of the Federal German Republic then requested that the following statement be inserted in the Minutes : "The Delegation of the United Kingdom has had the courtesy to propose, as a Vice-Chairman for Study Group XIV, Mr. Bornemann, a member of my Delegation, who has already left the Conference. He has been informed by me, and I am asked to thank the United Kingdom Delegation, on his behalf, for the honour of this proposal -which, unfortunately, was not successful. The reason for this failure.derives, as 1 see it, from the substance of erroneous statements made by several Delegations with regard to Germany*s membership in the ITU. My Delegation did not feel it.necessary to comment on these statements since clear decisions have been made by the competent authorities of the ITU, as we all know. But we deeply regrot that, in spite of those clear decisions, such arguments of political nature came into the consideration of Vice-Chairmanship and led to the failure of the United Kingdom proposal.1 Approval of the Minutes of the Sixth Plenary Session (Doc. 808) Mr# Tsingovatov (U.S.S.R.) referring to para. 4 of Doc. 808, wished it to be recorded that, with reference to Docs. 696 and 697, his Delegation had expressed a view that the reorganization of Study Groups was necessary, but that it should be done by a gradual or evolutionary process. It had also been stated that division of the work.should take the specialized nature of the subject into account. He further stated that he would give a brief text to the Secretariat for inclusion in the Minutes concerning poinb 3*1 on page 5*.Doc. 808 was then unanimously approved. Consideration of texts submitted for approval by the Drafting Committee Study Group III Doc Study Programme : - Communication Theory In introducing the document, Dr. van Duuren, Chairman of Study Group III, pointed out that in Note 2, page 2 "operation to operation" should read s "operator to operator". As this was the last document of Study Group III he wished to express his gratitude to the Drafting Committee for the fine way in which they had handled the documents of Study Group III* Mr. Tsingovatov (U.S.S.R.) was in favour of supporting Doc. 825* However, he could not accept the figure of 33 db mentioned in sub-para. 1 of Note 2 on page 2, so that he proposed the deletion of this sub-paragraph. Dr. van Duuren had no objection to this deletion, -which was agreed. Doc. 825, as amended, was then unanimously approved.

111 {Dc*s* 334-B rev*) * Study Group IV: Doc* Study Programme : Groundwave Propagation over Irregular Terrain Prof. Sacco, Chairman of Study Group IV, introduced the document briefly, which was then unanimously adopted. Doc Recommendation : - Presentation of Antenna Radiation Data Prof# Sacco, Chairman of Study Group XV, introduced the document, which was based on Question No. 49, and recommended the inclusion of the cymomotive force method in the presentation of the antenna radiation data. Prof. van der Pol, Director, CCIR, requested an explanation of the term : specific cymomotive force, occurring in para, (c) on page 1. Prof. Sacco explained that specific cymomotive force referred to. a radiated power by the antenna of 1 WIT. Mr. Hayes, Vice-Director, CCIR, asked whether it was intended that paras* 1 and 4 should apply to the antenna diagrams already published, as, if this were so, they would have to be re-issued. Prof. Sacco pointed out that it would not be necessary to include additional data on the existing diagrams, as cymomotive force could be deduced from the data given, with the aid of a simple formula. Mr.- Tsingovatov-(U.S.S R. ) said: The Soviet Delegation reserves its opinion on Doc It should be noted, at the same time, that our Delegation likewise reserves its opinion in respect of Doc. 733 " *) The Delegations of the Bielorussian S.S.R. and the Ukrainian S.S.R# also reserved their opinions with regard to Doc. 866 Doc. 806 was then approved, subject to the above reservations. Doc Resolution : - Extension of the CCIR Propagation Curves Below 300 kc/s. Introducing the document, Prof. Sacco, Chairman, Study Group IV, pointed out that this Resolution was based on a request from the- IFRB, contained in Doc Mr. Allen (U.S.A.) suggested that the first line of page 2, at the bottom of the page, be amended to read : that information be sought from Study Group VI concerning 1" ' Doc Stability of Receivers (Study Group H ) was discussed in the Sixth Plenary Session. See page 5 of Doc.832. (Minutes of the Sixth Plenary Session).

112 (froc* 83A-& rev*)- Mr. Stanesby (United Kingdom) remarked that in para. 1.1 the reference should be to para, (d), instead of para. (e). Mr. Ouspensky (Ukrainian S.S.R.) reserved the opinion of his Delegartion on Doc. 809 as he thought that the curves could not give correct values of field strength, as they did not take ionospheric propagation into account at the distances under consideration. Mr. Tsingovatov (U.S.S.R.) supported the views of Mr. Ouspensky, and also reserved the opinion of his Delegation on Doc. 809, as did the Delegations of the Bielorussian S.S R. and the Roumanian P.R.. IH Subject to the above reservations, Doc. 809, as amended, was approved. Doc Recommendation t - Ground Wave Propagation Over Mixed Paths Prof. Sacqo introduced the document ani observed that the final words : "especially where sections are numerous" at the end of page 1, were not very fortunate.,, Mr. Stanesby (United Kingdom) suggested that the last 4 words on page 1 be replaced by the text s "detailed changes are concerned." Mr. Hecht (United Kingdom) pointed out that this would make the English text completely different from the French. After a discussion in which Mr. Stanesby (United Kingdom),Mr. Bramel de Clejoulx (France), Mr. Millington (United Kingdom), the Chairman and Prof. van der Pol took part/ the following text was agreed in the -last line of page Is " especially where the changes of amplitude and phase of the field with distance are required in detail." The Delegations of the U.S.S.R., the Ukrainian S.S.R., the Bielorussian S.S.R., the P.R. of Poland, Czechoslovakia, the Roumanian P.Ri, the Hungarian P.R. and the P.R. of Bulgaria reserved their opinion on Doc Subject to the above reservations, Doc. 810, as amerided, was approved. Doc Study Programme s - Ground Wave Propagation Over Mixed Paths Prof. Sacco introduced the document, pointing out that it was linked with Doc It was then unanimously adopted. Doc Report s - Ground Wave Propagation Over Irregular Terrain After a brief introduction by Prof. Sacco, the document was unanimously adopted. Doc. 813 Resolution : Publication of Groundwave Propagation Curves Between 30 and 300 Mc/s Introducing the document, Prof. Sacco suggested the great interest such curves would represent for technicians.

113 14 - (Deo# rev*} Mr* Bramel de Clejoulx (France) wished to make a reservation on the financial requirements of the work proposed in the document* Mr* van der Toom, Chairman of the Finance Committee, pointed out that Doc* Report of the Finance Committee - contained details on the financial implications of the publication of these curves. The Delegate of the P*R«of Poland reserved his views on the document. Mr. Gneme (Italy) also wished to postpone discussion of the document until the Report of the Finance Committee had been discussed. Agreed. Study Group Vis Doc* Report; - Fading of HF and MF Signals Propagated by the ' Ionosphere. Introducing the document, Dr. Dellinger, Chairman of Study Group VI, wished to make one amendment of substance, in the first paragraph of Section 3# on page 6, he felt that the last sentence should read t " * with respect to diversity systems the theoretical calculations have been based on the assumption of random correlation between signals received in all.pairs of elements of a diversity system; further data are needed regarding the extent to which this condition is achieved in practice as a function of spacing of antennae or frequencies, as well, perhaps, as the realiaability of a certain degree of anticorrelation. 1 Prof* van der Pol agreed with the proposed amendment, but, as the theory postulated that there was no correlation between the received signals he suggested that, in the new text, "further data are needed" should read : "further experimental data are needed". Agreed* He proposed, moreover, to change the term "anti-correlation" at the end of Dr. Dellinger s amendment, as it was not current in statistical theory. - agreed. The amendment proposed by Dr. Dellinger, as modified; was then adopted. Mr* Stanesby s proposal to substitute "negative-correlation" was Mr* Ouspensky (Ukrainian S.S.R.) then stated ; "Our Delegation cannot agree with the conclusion in Doc. 780 that the amplitude distribution of rapid fading follows the Rayleigh distribution and that that of slow fading is subject to a log-normal distribution. The data submitted to the Vllth Plenary Assembly of the CCIR show that the distribution of the median field strength values is not sufficiently in agreement with either the Rayleigh or the Gaussian law* In actual fact, the amplitude and phase of incoming rays, as well the number of rays, are' influenced by numerous varying factors which, in turn, are dependent on wave propagation conditions, the length of the radio circuit, as

114 - 15 -, (Doc. 834-E*rev.) the time of day, year and of the 11-year sunspot cycle. This makes it impossible at present, because of the limited number of measurements available, to * reduce measurement of fading to one common statistical law. The data submitted to the Vllth Plenary Assembly of the CCIR is insufficient to permit the establishment of all-embracing conclusions. Study Group VI has worked out a further programme for the study of fading. It is essential that further study of the real median field strength distribution be made for a large number of circuits and under various wave propagation conditions, before any common conclusions can be reached. Consequently, our Delegation reserves its opinion on the report contained in Doc. 780.,! Mr. Tsingovatov (U.S.S.R.), also, felt that the conclusions reached at the end of this report were not sufficiently accurate, and that they were, therefore, not justifiable. He felt that the matter was mor.e complex and far more data should be collected. For this reason hi.s Delegation'reserved its opinion on Doc The Delegations of the Bielorussian S.S.R. and CaechoSlovakia also reserved their opinion on the document. Subject to the above reservations, Doc. 780, as amended, was approved. Doc Recommendation : Revision of Atmospheric Radio Noise Data. Dr. Dellinger introduced the document, and proposed that Reference 1 on page 3 should appear after para. 1 on page 1. Agreed. Mr. Ouspensky (Ukrainian S.S.R.) then stated : 1 rl0ur Delegation objects to the proposals for the revision of atmospheric noise data since these data, obtained through subjective methods of measurement, furnish no correct values and are, in a number of cases, in marked disagreement with the actual interference levels. This is confirmed by the information submitted to the Vllth Plenary Assembly of the CCIR which shows a disagreement between the old data and the pew measurements of, in many cases,, as much as 20 db. The* inclusion of partial amendments will not eradicate the fundamental deficiencies of these atmospheric noise data and will not render them more acceptable.., These partial amendments,, likewise based on a subjective method od measurement, are inadequate as regards the number of measurements made and limited as regards time. Moreover, they do not ensure the required accuracy and reliability for the measurements. To obtain correct data, further study must be made of atmospheric noise, using an objective method of measurement. Consequently, our Delegation does not accept the Recommendation contained in Doc. 828.

115 16 (Do*. 83/^ *ev#) The Delegate of the P.R* of Poland stated that he could not accept the document. Mr. Baliga (India) said that, while he had no objection to the document, he had not had time to study it, and that his Delegation therefore provisionally reserved its opinion, hoping to be able to withdraw this reservation later* lie* Tsingovatov (U.S.S.R.) considered the studies and work mentioned in Doc* 828 to be unsatisfactory, and therefore his Delegation did not accept it* The Delegations of the Bielorussian S.S.R., Czechoslovakia, the P.R* of Poland, the Roumanian P.R., the Hungarian P.R. and the P.R. of Bulgaria also stated that they did not accept Doc. After Mr* Stanesby (United Kingdom) had pointed out that the word London should preceed H.M.S.O. on the last page, Doc* 828, as amended, was adopted, subject to the above reservations. Study Group IK Doc* Study Programme : - Identification of Radio Stations Mr. Stanesby, Chairman, Study Group DC, briefly introducing the document, proposed s - in para (c), second, line, the inclusion of the word appreciably between nor 'and increasing ; - in para. 1, replacing the. term: Single-sideband by: Single or independent sideband * Agreed* Subject to the reservation of their opinions by the U.S.S.R., the Bidbrussian S.S.R., the Ukrainian S.S.R. and Czechoslovakia, Doc. 799, as amended, was adopted. Doc* Question : Identification of Radio Stations Introducing the document, Mr* Stanesby pointed out that in para, (c), 3rd line, such radio stations should read each radio station. Subject to the reservation of their opinion by the U.S.S.R., the Bielorussian S.S.R., the Ukrainian S.S.R. and Czechoslovakia, Doc. 801 was approved* Doc* Recommendation: - Interference to Radio Stations Mr. Stanesby introduced the document, pointing out that this recommendation was drawn, up in response to Resolution No* 5 of the Buenos Aires Plenipotentiary Conference*.. Mr* Bramel de Clejoulx (France) stated that his Delegation could not

116 (Doc. 834-E rev.) accept the document in its present form. In particular, he considered the relations between the CCIR and the CISPR, as proposed, to be unsatisfactory. His first amendment referred to para* (a) which he suggested should read: ntha.t the study of certain aspects of interference, affecting sound and television broadcasting,, especially from industrial sources, is already entrusted The rest without change, Mr. Stanesby agreed. Mr. Gneme (Italy) requested that the document be given a title. Mr. Bramel de Cleionlx replied that the English version did have a title, but that it had been omitted by error in the French text. He then went on to propose a second amendment concerning para, (d), which would read "... the CISPR is studying the permissible signal/interference ratios. His third proposed amendment was to delete para. 2. Finally, para. 4 was not clear to him and he asked whether it meant that the CCIR should also consider interference from medical or industrial sources. Mr. Stanesby said that the document as a whole was intended to show the work on radio interference which had been, and was being done by the CISPR. Para. 4 was to define the field within which the CCIR should be active, in its own right. T^e Chairman, whose opinion was shared try Mr. Stanesby. was of the view that para. 4# as Mr. Bramel de Clejoulx suggested, did, in fact, refer to medical and other industrial apparatus. Mr. Bramel de Clejoulx then found para. 4 acceptable. In answer to a question by the Chairman. Mr. Stanesby did not feel that the amendment proposed to para, (d) was acceptable, as the CISPR had already been studying interference for some time, and that the text in para, (d) should read: that the CISPR has already studied and is continuing to study extensively Mr. Bramel de Cle.ioulx accepted the compromise proposal of Mr. Stanesby. Mr. Baliga (India) referring to para, 4> suggested that, in the penultimate line, the expression: "between services be changed to to services", and that "provided for" be replaced by "covered". Mr. Stanesby accepted the latter amendment, but felt that the first one was not in order, as the CCIR did not concern itself with interference from motor-cars, for example, and that it was for this reason that "between services" had been used. Mr. Baliga withdrew his first suggestion, the second one being adopted. The Chairman pointed out that there was still one amendment which had not been agreed, namely, to delete para. 2.

117 (doc. Q34-E rov0) Mr, Stanesby felt that this paragraph could not be deleted as, for instance, the ITU had no control over motor cars, while, in the CISPR, there was representation of manufacturers of equipment which gave rise to such interference, Mr, -Bramel de Clejoulx maintained his request that para. 2 be deleted, - but as there was no support for his proposal it fell# Dr, Metzler (Switzerland) had no objection to the approval of the document, However, he wished to point out another aspect of the problem. Resolution No, 5 of Buenos Aires in fact put a question to the CCIR. Doc, 830 was a recommendation, concerning collaboration between the CC3R and the CISPR, He felt that a corresponding question should also be formulated. This question should then be assigned to one of the CCIR Study Groups* Mr, St&aosby pointed out that, in fact, Doc, 824, which was also on the Agenda, was, indeed, a question, which explicitly referred to industrial, scientific and medical equipment, so that Dr, Metzler^ wishes had been met. The Delegation of the P.R. of Poland reserved its views pn the document, as did the Delegation of France. Subject to the above reservations, Doc. 830, as amended, was adopted. Study Group X Doc. 711 (revised) - Recommendation s - Synchronized Transmitters in HF Broadcasting After a brief introduction by Mr. McNaughten, Chairman of Study Group X, Doc. 711 (rev.) was unanimously adopted. Doc Question : - FM Broadcasting in the VHF Band Mr.. McNaughten, Chairman of the ad hoc Group, appointed to examine Doc, 437, presented the document, which was unanimously adopted. Doc Resolution s ~ The Use of the 26 Mc/s Broadcasting Band Mr. McNaughten, as Chairman of the ad hoc Group to which Doc. 815 had also been assigned, introduced Doc Stanesby (United Kingdom) said that during discussion on the document, on which Doc. 816 was based, it was felt that the resolution should not imply a demand that all receivers produced should be suitable for reception on 26 Mc/s. He therefore proposed that para. 2 be expanded by the words : "in order to expedite the availability of suitable receivers". Mr. McNaughten agreed. Hr. Tsingovatov (U.S.S.R.), supporting Mr. Stanesby»s point of view, felt that para. 3 was too categorical. Mr. Stanesby proposed omitting para. 3. Agreed.

118 (Doc* 834-E rev.) Doc, 816, as amenied, was then unanimously adopted. Doc, Question t - Sound Recording of Television Films for the ~ ~ International Exchange of Picture/Sound Programmes Mr, McNaughten introduced Doc, 829, which was based on Doc, 751* originally submitted by Sweden. As a matter of consistency he suggested that the title be changed to read : "Sound Recording on Film for the International Exchange of Television Programmes". Agreed. Study GroupXII With this amendment, Doc. 829 was unanimously adopted. Chairiaan then passed to discussion of Doc. 795, requesting that Doc. 797,(discussion of which had been postponed the previous day as it related to Doc. 759) be also discussed at this time. Mr. Baliga, Chairman of Study Group XII, first introduced Doc Report : - Maximum Power for Short Distance HF Broadcasting in the Tropical Zone. H reminded the Meeting that Doc. 795 had been a veiy controversial issue in the Study Group, particularly on three points : - whether Recommendation No. 84, mentioned in the document, was, in principle, against the Atlantic City Regulations; - whether Question No. 27 had been fully or partially answered by the contributions received; - whether Recommendation No. 84 should be modified in the light of statements made in the Study Group or in the light of certain contributions received. He then placed the document before the Plenary Assembly. Mr. Jeudy (French Overseas Territories) pointed out that in the French text there was a contradiction, as in one place it was stated that Recommendation 84 should be finalized by the next Plenary Assembly, whilst further, on it was said that Recommendation 84 might be allowed to stand in its present form. He felt that the former text was correct* Mr. Hayes* Vice-Director, CCIR, remarked that the English text was correct, and that the French text could be brought into line, with it. Agreed. Mr. Baliga remarked that, in the last paragraph of the introduction, the word "annexed" had been omitted, but it was the intention of the Study Group that the documents mentioned should be attached. He further pointed out that the word "provisional" should be deleted from the second line of para. (a). Mr* Bramel de Clejoulx, Chairman, Drafting Committee, said that the Drafting Committee had deleted the word "annexed" from th last paragraph of the introduction because documents had never been attached to recommendations, as, if they were, the volumes of final documents would become quite unreadable.

119 *»z o (Do * '834* rev a) Mr. McKay (Australia) was opposed to the adoption, of Doc. 795, as it provided for the retention of Recommendation No. 84. His Delegation was of the opinion that Recommendation No. 84 was unacceptable, as it provided pcwer limitations for one type of broadcasting station, without considering other broadcasting services which might operate in the same frequency bands. Mr. Baliga, speaking as Head of the Indian Delegation, supported the Delegate from Australia, especially on the matter of power limitations. Mr. Eid (Egypt) associated himself with the remarks of the Delegates of Australia and India, particularly concerning the power limitations for tropical broadcasting. He could not accept Recommendation No. 84, which his Delegation had already opposed in Geneva, and hence could not accept Doc- 795* Mr. BLrreBL (Union of South Africa) also reserved the qpinion of his. Delegation on Doc. 795 and Recommendation No. 84. The Chairman then asked whether the document could be adopted with reservations. Mr. Tsingovatov (U.S.S.R.), in commenting on Doc. 795, recalled that the U.S.S.R. had reserved its views on Recommendation No. 84 in Geneva. He briefly recalled the history of the discussions in Geneva, and mentioned that there had been objection in London to the limitations proposed in Recommendation No. 84. He wished to point out that a recommendation was not a regulation, but merely a recommendation based on technical considerations. Mr. Baliga explained that Recommendation No. 84 was not practical, as, for instance, in India, a large number of experiments had proved without doubt that powers of the order of at least 100 kw were necessary to ensure good service. As there was a wide-spread diversion of opinion on Doc. 795* the Chairman put it to the vote. The result was: 2 in favour, 4 against, with 27 abstentions. As more than half the Delegations present and voting abstained, consideration of the document was deferred to the next Plenary Session. Doc Question : - Maximum Power for Short Distance HF Broadcasting in the Tropical Zone Mr. Baliga, speaking as Chairman of Study Group XII, presented the document for discussion to the Meeting. Speaking as Head of the Indian Delegation, he wished to make the following modification to Doc. 797, as the Report in Doc. 795 had not been accepted - that para (b) should read: "that, for the purposes of this question, the outer limit for short distance broadcasting services may be taken at 400 km." Mr. Jeudy (French Overseas Territories) objected to the amendment, basing himself on the Radio Regulations, j.n particular Articles 51 and 243* Hq felt that the, admittedly somewhat arbitrary, limit of 800 km. should be maintained.

120 -21- (DoC* S34-E TQVe) There being distinct disagreement on the limit, the Chairman put the amendment of Mr. Baliga to the vote. Result : One in favour, one against. Mr. Allen (U.S.A.) raised the question as to whether the study proposed in Doc* 797 was, in fact, appropriate to the CCIR. From a technical point of view, the higher the power the better the service. The matter of limitation of power obviously did not depend solely on technical considerations. Mr. Jeudy pointed out that Doc. 797 was, in fact, a modified form of Question No. 27, adopted unanimously at Stockholm. Mr. Baliga supported the views of Mr. Allen. The Chairman then put Doc. 797 to the vote, with the resu3t * 1 in favour, 6 against, 22 abstentions. Session. Doc. 797 was thus also deferred for consideration by the next Plenary Doc Question : - Design of Aerials for Tropical Broadcasting After Mr. Baliga had introduced the document, Mr. Allen (U.S.A.), in the interests of consistency, proposed that the word,"aerials" in the title be preceeded by "transmitting". Agreed. Doc. 802, as amended, was then unanimously adopted. Study Group XIII Doc Question : - Testing of 500 kc/s Radio-Telephone Auto- Alarm Receiving Equipment on Board Ships Mr. van der. Toorn, Chairman of Study Group XIII, introduced the document, which arose from Doc. 256, presented by Denmark. He suggested the following drafting changes, which were accepted: - in para, b), the words: "is to,rto be replaced by "will"; * para d) to read: "... that a specification - para e) : after "Administrations** insert: "may" before "have**. With these drafting changes. Doc. 823 was unanimously adopted. Doc^ Question : A Marine Identification Devices Mr. van der Toorn briefly introduced the document, which was adopted unanimously. Doc Resolution : Identification of Radio Stations At the request of the Chairman, Mr. Allen introduced the document, which had originally been submitted by the United States.

121 (BbCo «22 - rev*) Mr; Allen (United States) requested that an asterisk be placed after the word "signal" in the penultimate line of para, d), and the third line of "resolves", and that a corresponding footnote be added to the document : "See Recommendation No... (Doc. 798)". The Delegations of the U.S.S.R., the Ukrainian S.S.R., the Bielorussian S.S.R., the P.R. of Poland, Czechoslovakia, the Hungarian P.R., the Roumanian P.R., and the P.R. of Bulgaria declared that they did not accept Doc ' Study Group XX Subject to these reservations, Doc. 822, as amended, was adopted. Doc Study Programme : - Determination of the Maximum Interference Levels Tolerable in Complete Systems Mr. Stanesby, Chairman of Study Group IX, introduced the document, which had been drawn up in consultation with the Chairman of Study Group III. He pointed out that it had not yet been placed before Study Group IX or Study Group III, due to lack of time. Mr. Bramel de Clejoulx (France) had three comments on the document, the first being that he felt it should be a Question rather than a Study Programme, as it arose from Question No. 3* and was quite similar to Question No. 1, which dealt with the limitations of harmonics or interfering transmissions. His second amendment concerned para, (c), where he proposed that in the first line the words "and continues to study" be inserted after "extensively studied". This in analogy with a previous document. His third-observation concerned the footnote which, he considered, was too categorical, as it implied, especially in the French text,that, since the question was studied by the CISPR, the CCIR would have no right to deal with it. He suggested that the text in both' languages be made more flexible and proposed that the note should read : "in this study the CCIR should keep itself informed on the results of studies made by the CISPR." Question. Mr. Stanesby had no objection to changing the Study Programme into a ' ' Dr. Metzler (Switzerland) had no objection to transforming the document into a Question. However, he* wished to draw the attention of the Meeting to the fact that the subject concerned chiefly the determining of the maximum level of interference permissible in apparatus, while transmitters were subject to very stringent limitations with regard to non-essential'transmissions. He felt that in this respect telecommunication transmitters were placed at a distinct disadvantage, when compared to other equipment emitting electro-magnetic radiations, such as high-frequency heating apparatus, etc*. He therefore felt that it should be understood that the word "transmitters" in the document should refer equally to medical and industrial transmissions. The proposal to change Doc. 824 from a Study Programme into a Question was then adopted, as was the proposal to add the words * "and continues to study" to para. (c).

122 (Doo* rev,) With regard to the footnote, a discussion took place between Hr. Hecht (United Kingdom), the Chairman, Mr. Stanesby and Hr. Bramel de Clejoulx, resulting in the following text being adopted for the Note :,fin this study the CCIR should keep itself informed on the results of the studies of the CISPR on the same subject, in order to avoid duplication of work. Mr. Allen (U.S.A.) called attention to a typographical error in the third line of para, (a), where international should reads intentional Mr. Bramel de Clejoulx (France), referring to the intervention of Dr. Metzler, felt that the latterfs opinions should be clearly expressed in the body of the document, and he therefore proposed that a paragraph 2 be added, which would read : Study of suitable means for eliminating parasitic or non-essential radiation causing such interference.*1, Mr. Stanesby (United Kingdom) pointed out that the ITU regulated telecommunication equipment, but that it did not regulate other types of equipment- As Dr. Metzler had observed, there was a gap in the work of the ITU in this matter of interference, but he was of the opinion that this gap could be perfectly and completely filled by the CISPR, as both Administrations, manufacturers and utilisers of such non-telecommunication equipment were represented. He was greatly concerned lest the CCIR duplicate the work of the CISPR. Indeed, he felt that, if the CCIR study this subject, only the people who were being interfered with would be represented, so,that a suitable compromise would be difficult to achieve. The Chairman was of the opinion that most countries would require additional legislation to impose regulations on such non-telecommunication equipments, Colonel Lochard (France), speaking from his experience at the Atlantic City Radio Conference, stated that, when Article 17 of the Radio Regulations was drafted, a remark had been inserted in the relevant minutes, stating that it was understood that Article 17, which served as a basis for the limitation of parasitic and non-essential radiations, would also be applicable to nonessential radiations from industrial and other sources, such as railways. Mr. Stanesby felt that if this were the case, railways should also be admitted as recognized private operating agencies in the work of the CCIR. Dr. Metzler (Switzerland) could not agree with the interpretation given by Mr. Stanesby, with regard to the utilization of certain frequencies by industry. He felt that, when the Atlantic City Radio Conference had made frequency assignments to industrial and medical apparatus, that Conference had recognized,in so doing, the possibilities of interference. It was therefore logical that, if the ITU assigned such frequencies, it should also have authority concerning the limitation of non-essential transmissions. The CISPR was not a body which came under the jurisdiction of the ITU, so that, in fact, thore was nothing to compel it to do anything for the ITU. Consequently, the ITU could impose restrictions similar to those found in Annex 4 of the Radio Regulations. He would be satisfied if his remarks were esplairied in the Minutes, and did not

123 » 24 * (Doco #34" -" v *) insist that they be made part of -Doo* 824? as proposed by Mr. Bramel de Ole.loulx* He merely wished it to be made quite that on the question of non-essential transmissions, industrial and medioal apparatus should be studied on the same footing as telecommunication stations operated by members of the ITUC Mr. Gross0 Assistant Secretary General? ITU? referring to Colonel Lochard*s and Dr. Metzler5s interventions, Was personally of the opinion that Article 3 of the-.convention, defining the purposes of the Union, should also be considered* He felt that the definitions suggested were rather narrow, and entirely shared the views expressed by Colonel Lochard, concerning the discussions at Atlantic Citye The Chairman felt that, in view of the explanations given, the additional paragraph 2, proposed by Mr, Bramel de Clejoulx, might be accepted.-. Agreed Doc* 824 was then unanimously adopted. 5, Proposal by Sweden on Propagation Data Required for Wide-Band' Radio Systems (Doc* 819) Dr* Sterky (Sweden) introduced this document, which had been submitted by his Administration, explaining that it was merely an additional point to cover relations with the URSI, mentioned in Doe* 637 Vtflthout discussion Doc. 819 was unanimously adopted. 6* Report of the Finance Committee (Doc- 821) Mr* van der Toorn, Chairman, Finance Committee, suggested that Sections A* B. and C. be considered separately* He also suggested three drafting changes which were agreed; - on page 3, first paragraph, second sentence, omit the first word %/here n; - on page 3, second paragraph, ndoc..-*,! should read:,!doc& 813 > - on page 3# in the 3rd line, last paragraph, after para. 1*2, add:,f... and in the Ordinary Budget, Item 332»n Before going into detailed discussion, he wished to draw attention to para. 5 on page 2. The inviting Administration had been kind enough to make the splendid Conference premises available to the CCIR free of charge- The Finance Committee wished to propose a vote of thanks to the Inviting Government r- (Prolonged applause). Colonel Read (United Kingdom), speaking on behalf of the Inviting Administration, expressed the appreciation of his Administration in having the CCIR meet in London.

124 (Doo*-83A"E rev*) Section A Mr. van der Toorn then drew attention to the first paragraph on page 3, which stated that there would be a surplus of approximately Swiss frs. 39,000 for the years 1952 anl 1953* and to the Draft Resolution on page 5# proposing that some 24,000 frs. should be earmarked from the surplus to finance the work of preparing ground-wave propagation curves. Mr. Gneme (Italy), referring to the credits granted by the Administrative Council, rather than to the budget estimates, said that the surplus of Sw. fr. 22,000 mentioned on page 3 was illusory and existed only on paper.. In connection with the Draft Resolution, he pointed out that the Secretary General was not authorized to act as indicated in para. 2 under resolves. He could only make sub-head transfers. Any other transfers of funds required the authority of the Administrative Council* He was therefore opposed to the proposal* All the CCIR could do was to submit the matter to the Council or suggest that the Secretary General mi$vt study the possibility of doing so* Mr* Tsingovatov (U.S.S.R.) had already given his reasons for considering that the preparation of ground-wave propagation curves was unnecessary. He therefore opposed the Resolution* Mr* Bramel de Clejoulx (France) agreed with Mr* Gneme. The curves were not such an urgent matter as not to be able to wait 8 months for a Council decision. Prof* van der Pol, Director, CCIR, pointed out that, in such a case, there would be 8 months* delay in beginning'the work. Further delay would occur after the Council*s decision, before the work could really be under way. Hr. Gnene asked whether the work could not be begun by the Specialized Secretariat of the CCIR. Prof. van dor Pol replied that the work was of a very specialized mathematical nature and it would.be practically impossible for the Secretariat, as constituted, to undertake it in view of the limited staff. The Chairman said that, as there was a cleavage of opinion, he would put the matter to the vote. Mr. Gneme could hardly vote on a document that contained errors. Mr* Gross, Assistant Secretary General, ITU, said that the General Secretariat was there to serve the Members of the Union. If it were the desire of the Plenary Assembly that the work should go on, every effort would be made to ensure that the financial means could be found. The policy decision as to the necessity of the work was one for the CCIR P3e nary Assembly to take and was not a point for the General Secretariat to discuss* After that decision of principle was taken, the Secretary General and the Council would study the financial aspects* Mr* Gneme repeated that all that could be done was to ask the

125 (r,oe. <534-» v.) Secretary General to study the possibility of finding a solution. Mr* van der Toorn said that the fundamental question was the urgency of the curvesi If that urgency were not recognized, he would withdraw the Draft Resolution. Chairman again suggested taking a vote. Mr* Mi lien (United Kingdom) said that it had been feared in the Finance Committee that if this question were left to be dealt with as an item of ordinary expenditure, the Administrative Council might have difficulty in providing funds within the overall ITU budgetary limit* It was for this reason that it had been suggested that the work right be regarded as arising directly out of the work of the Plenary Assembly and therefore assignable to the Extraordinary Budget* He asked whether Mr* Gneme, as Chairman of the Council, could, assess the chances of tho Council being able to provide the funds Mr* Gnome.could not help on this poirrt, and he still could not agree to the procedure proposed, although he could, perhaps, agree to another procedure, which would not be in order but which could, be forgiven, namely, to tell the Secretary General that the Plenary Assembly recognized'the urgency of the Y/ork and, since there would be no session of the'council before May 1954, to request him - if he felt so authorized - to ask the Administrations for their consent to the expenditure of tho remaining Swiss frs. 17,000. Mr. Gross pointed out that the Council acts only in formal session and that a reference of this matter to all the Administrations would probably not be very timely* Mr. Tsingovatov (U.S.S.R.) agreed with Mr. Gneme. It was unthinkable to accept a procedure which was wrong and irregular. The Director of the CCIR could, however, bring the matter up before the Council in his yearly report. Results of the vote i The Chairman put Section A of Doc. 821 to a roll-call vote. 30 against (Australia, Belgium, Bielorussian SSR, PR of Bulgaria, Canada, China, Denmark, United States of America, France, Hungarian PR, India, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Norway, New Zealand, PR of Poland, French Protectorates of Morocco and Tunisia, Federal German Republic, FPR of Yugoslavia, Ukrainian SSR, Roumanian PR, United Kingdom, Sweden, Switzerland, Czechoslovakia, Overseas Territories of the French Republic, Turkey, Union of South Africa, U.S.S.R*); 1 in favour: (Spain); *) 1 abstention: (Netherlands) After the session, the Delegate of Spain informed the Secretary that his Delegation was against the proposal put to the vote but that, not having understood the meaning of the vote correctly, he had voted yes.

126 (Doc. 834^ rev*). Section A of Doc. 821 was therefore referred back to the Finance Committee for reconsideration. Mr. van der Toorn, Chairman of the Finance Committee then resubmitted the Report, on behalf of the Finance Committee, with the last two paragraphs of Section A omitted and Annex II deleted. Section A of Doc. 821, as revised, was then unanimously adopted. Section B The CCIR Ordinary Budgets for 1953 and 1954, which had already been approved by the Administrative Council, were noted and Section B was unanimonsly adopted. Section C - Estimates of CCIR Expenditure for 1955 and 1956 Mr. van der Toorn, introducing Section C, pointed out that the Report of the Finance Committee explained an increase in the estimates for 1955 and 1956 over the budget for 1954«Mr. Bramel de Clejoulx (France), referring to point (ii) of para.(c), asked whether the additional engineer envisaged at this point was, indeed, the Technical Editor for the English language, envisaged in the 1954 Budget. Prof* van der Pol pointed out that the two persons were different, and that, in fact, the engineer foreseen in 1955 was envisaged in view of increasing work. Mr* Bramel'de Clejoulx then made a reservation concerning the additional engineer in Mr. Gnome asked whether the need for this additional Engineer had been explained to the Council. Mr. Hayes, Vice-Director,-CCIR, explained that the 1955 Budget had not yet been examined in detail by the Administrative Council - in fact it had not yet been submitted to it.. At the Buenos Aires Conference, the Director and the Vice-Director of the CCIR had been called upon to make an estimate of requirements covering the years up to 1957 and prudence had led them to budget for a possible increase in work and thus in staff. If and when the necessity arose, the question could be submitted to the Administrative Council. Mr. Allen (United States) requested that it be noted that the con>ments he made relative to the technical apparatus, during discussion of Roc- 115* did, in fact, apply to Section C of Doc Section C was. then adopted, subject to the reservation made by Mr. Bramel de Clejoulx. The Report of the Finance Committee thus being approved, the Challrman then passed to'doc. 813, discussion of which had been postponed, pending discussion of the Report of the Finance Committee.

127 - 28 (Doo* 834^ vavm) Study Group IV Doc* Resolution $ - Publication of Ground-Wave Propagation Curves Between 30 and 300 Mc/s Prof. Sacco, Chairman of Study Group IV, stressed on behalf of his Study Group the necessity for such curves, as they would be useful to determine the effect of the troposphere and of the irregularity of the terrain* Mr. Ouspensky (Ukrainian SSR) said that it appeared from the statement of the Chairman of Study Group IV that these theoretical curves were required to determine tho differences in field strength between the theoretical and practical values, but the preamble of the document said that the theoretical curves were necessary for the operation of radio services, which seemed to be a contradiction. His Delegation, therefore, felt that the theoretical curves, proposed in Doc. 813* would only have limited use in determining the actual field strength, and could therefore not be recommended for planning circuits, as they had been in the preamble to the document. He therefore reserved his views on Doc* 813» Mr. Tsingovatov (U.S.S.R.) supported Mr. Ouspensky and also reserved his views on the document. Prof. Saoao regretted that it did not appear possible to collect such curves, taking the tropospheric data and terrain irregularities into account, and asked Prof. van der Pol*s opinion on the matter. Prof. van der Pol confirmed that to take these factors into account would be a quite impossible task. He felt that the curves proposed would constitute a basis for practical applications which would aid in planning circuits. The Delegate of the P.R. of Poland wished to confirm the reservation on Doc. 813 which he had made in the morning. Mr. Bramel de Clejoulx (Prance), referring to para. 1«6 on page 2, pointed out that a relative constant did not have a dimension. Prof. Sacco agreed that e.m.u.,! should be omitted* The Delegations of the Bielorussian SSR, Czechoslovakia, the PR of Bulgaria, the Hungarian PR and the Roumanian PR then reserved their opinions on Doc. 813* Mr. Stanesby (United Kingdom) pointed out that in the sentence preceeding the formula on page 2, the word ^transmitting should be inserted before ^half-wave dipole. Agreed. Subject to tho reservations' made, Doc. 813* as amended, was adopted. With Doc. 813 adopted, Prof. van der Pol asked for a clarification as to how the work put to the Secretariat in this document should be carried out, as, during the discussion of the Report of the Finance Committee, credits for this work were refused*

128 -29 - (Doc# 834-E rev#) The Chairman felt that the Council should be approached when it met in May 1954 for special funds to finance these non-recurrent expenses, and asked Mr# Gross for his opinion. Mr# Gross, Assistant Secretary-General, I#T#U#, felt that it would be rather difficult to have the expenses entered on the Ordinary Budget, as the latter had already roached its limit# On the other hand, as it was a nonrecurrent item, it might be considered by the Council as a special item# However, he could not pre-judge the provisions which the Council might wish to make# The Meeting then adjourned from 2000 hours to 2030 hours# f 'ssigment to the Study Groups of the Findings of the Vllth Plenary Assembly Doc# 827) i i n 1 t Introducing Doc# 827, Prof* van der Pol. Director, G.C#I«H», suggested the following modifications : - page 1, Study Group I, second column, under ndoc# 658, add 824?.this number should be deleted under Study Group III, 4th column5 - page 2, Study Group X, 3rd column, undor 815 add 829 ; delete under Study Group XI, 3rd column, No on page 3, Study Group XII, delete in column 3, "No# 797 and in column 7 of the same Study Group, delete Noo e page 3 f Study Group XIII, last column, add "No# 822 # Dr# Dellinger. Chairman, Study Group VI, requested that on page 2, under Study Group VI, No 748 be added in the last column# Mr ft Stanesby, Chairman, Study Group IX, requested under Study Group IX, the deletion of 789", which also appeared under Study Group XIII#... Prof# Gorio. Chairman, Study Group XIV, requested the insertion on pago 3, of Resolution No# 5#. Mr# Baliga, Chairman, Study Group XII, then made the followings statement s "Doc# 795 is a Report giving the summary of the findings of Study Group XII as a result of examination of the technical contributions roceived from the French Overseas Territories and India# It was clearly accepted by Study Group XII that sufficient technical information was now available to prove that Recommendation No# 84 did not cover all conditions of broadcasting in the Tropical Zone and particularly, that it was impossible to apply the power limits stated therein to conditions prevailing in India# Consequently, the Study Group had accepted that higher powers of the ordre of 100 kw would be needed in some parts of the Tropical Zone# India, therefore, considers that the casefbr revising Recommendation No# 84 has been fully established# It is, therefore, with some considerable disappointment and surprise that India notes the decision of the Plenary Assembly to postpone to the next Plenary Session of the G*C«I*R# the consideration of Docs# 795 and 797, which hap resulted in putting the clock back to the situation that existed in 1951, and in the non-recognition of tho intensive study which has been undertaken during, the last two years* He further, pointed out that the validity of Recommendation No 84, had not been decided yet, and he wished to take this up#

129 (Doo* #34* rev#) Prof# van der Pol said that a document concerning the validity of past recommendations had been drawn up, but it had not been possible to publish it, due to lack of time. He suggested discussing the matter after that of assignments to the Study Groups had been settled. In answer to a question by the Chairman, Mr. Baliga said that he had no objection to the voting procedure as such, he was merely disappointed at the large number of abstentions. Mr. Bramel de Clejoulx felt that the assignment of questions had not in all cases been carried out very successfully, and that certain changes should be made, especially in the assignments to Study Groups III and IX. The Chairman pointed out that the document had been put up for discussion, so that amendments could be proposed. Mr. Stanesby felt that Doc. 625 should be deleted from Study Group IX. and assigned to Study Group III. Agreed. Dr. Metzler, Chairman, Study Group I, pointed out that Doc. 824 in its amended form contained a Question which had two aspects, one concerning Study Group I and the other Study Group III. He asked whether, in consequence, this document should not be assigned to both Study Groups I and III. Prof. van der Pol'stressed the difficulties of having one question studied simultaneously by two Study Groups, and proposed that the Question contained in Doc. 824 be suitably divided into two questions - one for assignment to Study Group I and the other to Study Group III. Dr. Dellinger, Chairman,Study Group VI, felt that Prof. van der Pol s proposal was excellent, as it would preclude divided authority, and suggested that Prof. van der Pol be requested to divide Doc Supported by Mr. van der Toorn, this proposal was adopted. Mr. Hayes, Vice-Director, CCIR, noted that Study Group VI had some 10 Study Programmes and no Questions. As it had been decided that Study Programmes were to follow the relevant questions, he asked how this problem should be solved. Questions. The Chairman suggested that the Study Programmes might be designated as Mr. Tsingovatov (U.S.S.R.) felt that it was now too late to make such changes, as it would imply redrafting of the documents, which would not merely mean editorial changes. In fact, the structure of the documents would have to be changed. He felt that it was, in principle, wrong to redraft documents once they had been adopted. Further, he did not see ary inconvenience in some Study Groups having a small number of Questions and a considerable number of Study Programmes, or viceversa. Prof. van der Pol suggested that the best solution night be to leave things the way they were to prevent confusion. The Chairman agreed, with the understanding that, at the next Plenary

130 (Doc >34- rev ) Assembly, the definitions for tho various findings should be taken into account more strictly than had been done. Agreed* Mr. Allen (United States)suggested, in view of the short time available, that it was possible that some errors in Doc* 827 had been overlooked and therefore proposed that, in the case of wrong assignment, tho Director, in cooperation with the Chairmen of the Study Groups concerned, be authorized to settle such points after the Plenary Assembly. At the request of the Chairman the Meeting agreed, and Doc,. 827, as amended, was adopted.. 8c Validity of Old Recommendations At the request of the Chairman, Pro van der Pol read out a list, givirg the status of old Recommendations, based on information received from the Chairman of the various Study Groups, which was as follows STUDY GROUP REMAINING VALID STATUS GF OID RECOMMENDATIONS OBSOLETE MODIFIED I , 37, 38, 39 II - 41, 42 I I I 45-43, 44, 46 IV V 54, 60, 61, 63, 65-62, 64, 66 VI 59, 67, 69A 5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12, ,16,17,53,56,57,58,69 VII - 70 VIII 19, 20, IX 23,27,40,72,73,74, 75,76,77,78 24, 25, 71, 79 - X 27, 28, 80-81, 86 XI 82 mm - XII 47, 48, 49, XIII - 85 XIV t o t a l! s s s s a sssrssssscsss = = 23 K55 ss st = C SS» «*5S3 cs s s s cs ss sasr ss JSS» s ; a : s s s s s r s s x s s s s s s =s^=ss: = c = s = 18 il 72 tsmrssmsasssssbpsssssassssssssssssssa:

131 -32 - (Doo* 834-E rey*) Mr* Baliga. Chairman, Study Group XII, stated that, as far as Recommendations Nos. 47# 48 and 49 were concerned, Study Group XII had been unanimous. With regard to the position of Recommendation No* 84, insofar as India Was concerned, it had been proved without any doubt that this Recommendation was not valid for that countiy. He therefore moved that this Recommendation be declared invalid* Mr. McDonald (Australia) supported the proposal, which the Chairman then put to the vote. The result : 5 in favour. 6 against. 17 abstentions. Tho deletion of Recommendation No* 84 was thus not carried* Mr* Baliga then reserved on Recommendation No* 84, and made the following statements f,it is India *s firm view that Recammondation No. 84 is against the spirit of Atlantic City Radio Regulations and discriminating in character visa-vis all other services inside and outside the tropical zone, including high frequency broadcasting. It does not take into account the equality of the right of the tropical broadcasting service in relation to other services. India considers that Recommendation-No. 84, as it stands, is premature, ill-conceived and illogical and the circumstances in which restrictions are sought to be placed in the operation of such a vital national service are neither explainable nor justifiable. Despite our objection to Recommendation No. 84 on principle, India has given ample proof during the last few years of the objective manner of our approach to the entire study and has given overwhelming technical evidence and data which were accepted by Study Group XII to prove that conditions in India are such that powers provisionally recommended in Recommendation No* 84 cannot provide a satisfactory service., India regrets that she cannot agree to let her national broadcasting -,which is of so vital importance - suffer until the next plenary session, nor accept Recommendation No. 84 of the Vlth Plenary Assembly of the CCIR, cf. Geneva, 1951, regarding maximum power for short-distance high-frequency broadcasting in the tropical.zone* India wishes, therefore, to reserve her right to use such power as is technically necessary to ensure a satisfactory service. 1 The Delegations of the Union of South Africa and reservations with respect to Recommendation No. 84. Australia also made There wore thus 31 Recommendations remaining valid, 23 had been declared obsolete, while 18 were modified. Dr. van Duuren, Chairman of Study Group III, pointed out that Recommendations 1 and 43 together had been made into one Recommendation. Mr. Arciuch (P.R. of Poland) found it rather difficult to give the position of his Administration on the status of its reservations, so that he would inform the Director by letter on the position. Mr. Tsingovatov (U.S.S.R.) also stated that the views of his Administration would be sent to tho Director in writing at a later date*

132 (Boo* 85 4 ^ rcvo) Tho Delegates of Czechoslovakia and the Roumanian P.R* also indicated that they would submit their reservations in writing. Agreed. 9» Publication of the Final Documents of the Vllth Plenary Assembly of the C.C.I.R. Prof. van der Pol proposed that the findings of the Vllth Plenary Assembly be published in three volumes, in analogy with the corresponding volumes published after the Vlth Plenary Assembly in Geneva. He suggested that, as previously mentioned, Volume I should not only contain the findings of London, but also all previous ones that were still valid, so that it would be self-contained. Mr. Gneme (Italy) questioned whether such an extensive volume would not become too expensive. Prof. van der Pol explained that the procedure laid down by the Council would be followed, so that enquiry to the Administrations would be made concerning the number of copies they wished to order, before actual publication, as the quantity ordered would, of course, determine the price. Mr. McNaughten, Chairman, Study Group X, referring to the contents of the book, pointed out that Reports 13 and 14.of his Study Group still remained valid, and should be added to Doc. 827* As there was, apparently, some doubt as to whether Reports and Resolutions had been considered in connection with Doc. 827, the Chairman requested the Chairmen of the various Study Groups to state their position with regard to these two categories. The result of this enquiry was as follows : Study- Group I Study Group II Study Group III Study Group IV Study Group V Study Group VI Study Group VII Study Group VIII Study Group IX Study Group X Study Group XI Study Group XII Study Group XIII Study Group XIV Report No. 1 cancelled. No Reports, no Resolutions* No Reports, no Resolutions. No Reports, no Resolutions. #) Reports 3, 4 and 5 still valid; no Resolutions. Reports 7 and 9 still valid; no Resolutions. No Reports, no Resolutions. No Reports, no Resolutions. One Report, No. 11, now invalid; no Resolutions* Reports 13 and 14 still valid; no Resolutions. No Reports, no Resolutions. No Reports, no Resolutions. No Reports, no Resolutions. No Reports, Resolution No. 5 still valid. *J Due to the absence of Prof. Sacco, Chairman, Study Group IV, during this discussion, ho gave the Director, CCIR, this information the following day.

133 ~ (Boc«834* rov*)«meeting of Study Groups -between Vllth and Vlllth Plenary Assemblies Prof. van der Pol, Director, CCIR, stated that, to his knowledge, there had been no definite proposals for Study Group meetings up to the present. However, the General Regulations attached to the Buenos Aires Convention did foresee, in Chapter 16, para* 2(2), that the Chairman could, with the approval of his Administration, arri after consultation with the Director, call a meeting of a Study Group, not provided for by the Plenary Assembly. Nevertheless, for purposes of clarification, he would call upon each of the Chairmen to state the present position, in order that the Plenary Assembly might have an indication of such a possibility* Study Group I - Dr* Metzler : could not give a definite answer at present, as it would depend upon the progress of his studies by correspondence, particularly that concerning the measurement of band-width. Study Group II - Mr* Bray, speaking on behalf of Mr* David s thought that the latter had considered the possibility of a joint meeting of Study Groups I, II and HI, but that a definite decision would depend upon the progress of the studies, and on concurrence between the three Chairmen concerned. Study Group Til - Dr. van Duuren : pointed out that the most urgent and outstanding problems were, firstly, a complete answer to E.A.ft.C. Resolution No. 14, and, secondly, to the question asked by the I.F.R.B*. that respect, a combined meeting of Study Groups I, II and III, about mid-way between the Vllth and VIHth Plenary Assemblies would be favourable. It was, however, yet too early to decide whether such a meeting would be necessary. Study Group IV - Mr. Gneme, speaking on behalf of Brof. Sacco s did not believe that the latter had foreseen a meeting* In any case, he did not consider a meeting urgent* Study Group V - Dr* Smith-Rose : did not envisage the need for an interim meeting of his Study Group. Study Group VI - Dr* Dellinger : said that, in the experience of his Study Group, interim meetings had proved very valuable. However, there was no definite plan at present for such a meeting. If it would be required, the best time would be half-way between Plenaries* Study Group VII - Mr. Decaux : stated that no meetings had been planned at present. ' Study Group VIII - Mr. Campbell t felt that Study Group VIII did not think it necessary to have a meeting. Study Group IX - Mr. Stanesby i stated that the urgent questions of his Study Group related to wide-band systems, and expected that it would prove necessary to call a meeting of the Study Group in about a year*s tine, but that a final decision would depend on the progress made on these questions in the meantime. Study Group X - Mr. McNaughten s did not feel at present that a meeting would be needed.

134 . ~ 35 (Boea 834*n rev#) Study Group XI - Mr. Esping : stated that the Study Group had unanimously left it to the Chairman to determine when and if a'meeting would be required, but that in the meantime he could not give a definite answer. Study Group XII - Mr. Baliga s did not foresee at the moment the need for a meeting. Study Group XIII - Mr. van der.toorn : explained that his Study Group had just been assigned a number of new questions, so that he could not form a considered opinion, without detailed study of these questions. He did not think a meeting would be necessary, but would contact the Director later on the subject. Study Group XIV - Prof. Gorio i stated that, from tho documents of his Study Group, it was apparent that the possibility of an interim meeting of Study Group XIV had been envisaged, but that v/hether or not it would actually be necessary depended upon the progress made in the vocabulary. He did not know exactly when it would he, but thought it would take place. Place and Date of the Vlllth Plenary Assembly of the C.C.I.R.' Mr* Arciuch.(P.R. of Poland), invited the Vlllth Plenary Assembly of the C.C.I.R. to meet in Vifarsaw, in the following terns s "Mr. Chairman, Gentlemen, In agreement with the Government of the Peoplefs Republic of Poland and on behalf of the Administration which I represent, I have the honour to invite you to convene the Vlllth Plenary Assembly of the C.C.I.R. in the capital of the Peopled Republic of Poland, Warsaw. As you already know, Warsaw was before 1939 a large European radio and telecommunication centre which, owing to its geographical position was of great international importance. As a result of the world war our country suffered considerable destruction. Agriculture was ruined and disorganized, factories were wrecked, schools and universities destroyed, important scientific and research institutes done away with; the communication network was completely destroyed and marry towns, among them our beautiful capital Warsaw, were reduced to heaps of rubble. But, by the will of our people, immediately after the war we began the peaceful reconstruction of our country and were able not only to make good the destruction caused by the war, but also to make great progress. In a comparatively short time we revived agriculture and industry, rebuilt the communication network, as well as our ancient towns which had been destroyed during the warp opened schools, universities arti institutes of scientific research. We have also built a number of new, well-planned towns where until recently there were open fields. In conjunction with this, Poland is greatly developing general and professional education; fresh cadres of specialists, engineers and scientists are being formed. It can be said.that at the present tine the striving for education in Poland is constantly on the increase; it embraces the entire population and consequently the general level of education of the whole people, as compared with

135 (Doc, rev.) the pre-war period, is being raised* The results of this are very evident* Our scientific institutions and our scientists occupy an honourable place in the life of the Polish people* Gentlemen, in accepting the invitation of my Administration, you will have the opportunity of seeing the enthusiasm of the Polish people in rebuilding its oountry, as well as its achievements, particularly in the realm of science and scholarship* I can also say, Gentlemen, that if his invitation to hold the Vlllth Plenary Assembly of tho C*C*I.R* in Warsaw is accepted, you will be assured of the warmest and most sincere welcome both from the people of Poland and the Administration which tenders you this invitation on its behalf." 12. Any Other Business The invitation was accepted by acclamation* Mr* Allon (United States) pointed out that Doc* 508 had been referred back to the Drafting Committee for an amendment to the text, but had not yet re-appeared. Mr* Stanesby (United Kingdom)recalled that, during the Plenary Session at which Doc. 508 was discussed, the Meeting had agreed that he and Mr* Tsingovatov would suggest a modified text* It was now proposed that a sentence should be added to the second paragraph of "recommends11, which would read t "Nevertheless, the automatic or aural watch for the alarm signal on the distress frequency of 2182 kc/s need be encouraged only on ships not fitted with radio telegraph equipment in the 500 kc/s band." 13# Closing With this amendment, Doc* 508 was unanimously approved* The Chairman : "Well, Gentlemen, we have now roached the end of our work and I think when we have time to examine the many documents which we have dealt with during the last few days, we shall feel that we have had a very successful conference. I think also we shall look back on this conference as one where an exceedingly good spirit of work has been displayed, a good team spirit as far as the work is concerned, and good-will on the part of all the Delegates involved in it* And I think for most of us it has beon - it certainly has for me - a very pleasant experience which will live quite a long time in our memories* It is my pleasant duty now to say a word of thanks particularly to a number of people who have been rather behind the scenes at this Conference, and if you will permit me - I shall not be able to mention very many names - I would like to indicate the people who have been very much concerned* You will understand the organisation of a conference of this sort requires quite a long period of work beforehand and at the time in just the running of it, apart from the technical work first of all* And I should like to express ray thanks to Mr. MLllen, who is a member of our Delegation, but on whom fell the bulk of the administrative-work which preceded our meeting; members of tho Public Relations...

136 (Doo-» 834^3 rev.) Department under Mr* Allcraft did us good service I feel, in arranging mary of the social activities; the Ministry of Works who dealt with the accommodation here itself and our Foreign Office who'helped us with the production of the work. Then I thmk we ought to thank the officials of Church House itself, who have been most obliging and have done all they can to make sure we have all the facilities at our disposal. I would like also to thank particularly Mr. Sowton, who is also a member of our Delegation, on whom fell the work of chairing the Hospitality Committee, which really took quite a lot of arranging, and also Mrs. Smith-Rose, who looked after the ladies. She did a very great amount of work with her committee and I would like to thank her for doing that. And I would also like to thank Mss East, my personal secretary, on whom fell a good deal of what we might call the "donkey" work. Then we have the Conference Secretariat, under Mr. Lindsey. I feel sure that you will agree with me that they have carried out their work in a very excellent way. We have also had great assistance from Majjor Barnard, who has looked after the Delegates7 services. He has always been available to help. Mr. Revoy, who looked after the Documents, and his staff, and other staff of the Secretariat who have done an excellent job of work and I think particularly of the typing and duplication staff, who have had to turn out masses of documents at very short notice and who, I might say, have given us very good service. Then, the interpreters have given us excellent service under trying conditions and I would like to thank them very much, and Mr. Mir sky, the Chief Interpreter particularly. I feel they had a very hard time in the early days of the Conference, because of the vast number of Study Groups into which v/e had to split owing to the very great detail of our work and the specialization which it required. I think that put rather a strain on them during the early days of the Conference, but they carried the work very efficiently and I would like to thank them very much. The translators also had a lot of very urgent work to do from time to time and I would like to thank them also. Now I come to the Conference itself and here P would like to thank the Heads of the Delegations on whom has fallen a great volume of work and also those who chaired the Study Groups* My experience when I first went to conferences was that as a junior member of the Delegation I found I was often working while other people were playing. I don*t know whether that was so this time, but I suspect it was and I would like to thank them. The Chairman of the Drafting Committee deserves a special word of thanks,with his committee, for a great volume of work and I am sure he has worked long hours and weekends, when we have been enjoying ourselves- on various occasions and I feel we should thank him for the excellent work he and his committee have done. We must not forget the Director, the Vice-Director and his staff - they have served us exceedingly well, I am sure you will agree, and although Dr. van der Pol has already had a bouquet from Dr. Sterky, I think he deserves still another one. I am sure you would wish me to thank him most particularly for his very able organisation of the work and-for tho efficient and pleasant way in which he has dealt with all the matters which have come before him. Finally, I want to thank the Delegates themselves. They have been very good to me and I do thank them for the way in which they have eased my labours. I feel sure this must have been one of the easiest conferences to chair as far as my experience goes, and I would like to thank all for their forbearance and for being.so helpful to me in carrying out my duties, which have been a great pleasure to me.