Issues in Political Theory

Transcription

1 SUB Hamburg Issues in Political Theory Edited by Catriona McKinnon OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS

2 Contents List of case studies Notes on the contributors xvii xix Introduction 1 Catriona Mckinnon What is political theory? 2 Political theory and the real world 4 Plan of the book 6 1 Political authority and obligation 9 Keith Hyams Introduction 10 Consent 11 Utilitarianism 17 Fairness 19 Morality 20 Anarchy 23 Conclusion 26 CASE STUDY The global justice movement 27 2 Nation and state 33 Andrew Shorten Introduction 34 Nation, state, and sovereignty 35 What is a nation? 39 National self-determination 45 Conclusion 49 CASE STUDY The ethics of immigration 50 3 War and intervention 56 C. A. /. (Tony) Coady Introduction 57 The just war tradition 57 Some problems with the jus ad bellum (JAB) 63 Extending the model 65 Other problems with the JAB 69

3 xiv Contents Problems of the jus in bello (JIB) 70 Conclusion 74 CASE STUDY Iraq 75 4 Democracy 80 Thomas Christiano Introduction 81 Instrumentalism 81 Does democracy have non-instrumental value? 84 The problem of democratic citizenship 88 Democratic institutions 94 Conclusion 96 CASE STUDY Global democracy 97 5 Liberty 103 Jonathan Riley Introduction 104 Liberty and rights 105 Negative and positive liberty 107 Civil liberty and political liberty 110 Justice, security, and liberty 113 A right to absol ute self-regard i ng I i berty? 115 Conclusion 119 CASE STUDY The USA Patriot Act of 2001 (as amended) Toleration 126 Anna Elisabetta Galeotti Introduction 127 The traditional doctrine of toleration 128 The contemporary debate 134 The moral analysis of toleration 134 The contemporary liberal theory of toleration 137 Toleration as recognition 139 Conclusion 142 CASE STUDY Same-sex marriage Equality 149 Paula Casal and Andrew Williams Introduction 150 Justice as fairness 151 Equality of resources 154 Equality, priority, and sufficiency 157

4 Contents xv Equality and interpersonal comparison 159 Equality, opportunity, and responsibility 162 Conclusion 165 CASE STUDY Pricing parenthood^ Social justice 172 Jonathan Wolff Introduction 173 The political rejection of social justice and its revival 175 Equality of opportunity 179 Social justice and social relations 182 Advantage and disadvantage 185 Conclusion 187 CASE STUDY Social justice and disability Human rights 194 Tom Campbell Introduction 195 Natural rights, the rights of man, and human rights 195 Analytical issues 200 Justifying theories 205 Implementing human rights 207 Conclusion 210 CASE STUDY Hate speech Multiculturalism 218 Monica Mookherjee Introduction 219 Multiculturalism: thick or thin?. 220 Liberalism and cultural rights 223 Do cultural rights oppress the oppressed? 226 The politics of recognition 229 Multiculturalism: open-minded dialogue and a common culture 232 Conclusion 234 CASE STUDY The Muslim veil Citizenship 241 Harry Brighouse Introduction 242 The rights and duties of citizenship 243 The duties of citizenship and democratic design 246 Unitary or differentiated citizenship? 248

5 xvi Contents The boundaries of citizenship 252 Creating citizens 254 Conclusion 258 CASE STUDY Mozert v Hawkins County Board of Education Gender 265 Clare Chambers Introduction 266 What is feminism? 266 The sex/gender distinction 270 Feminism, liberalism, and the law 272 'The personal is political' 274 The ethics of care 277 Sex and violence 279 Conclusion 282 CASE STUDY Pornography Global justice 289 Gillian Brock Introduction 290 Rawls' Law of Peoples 291 Some critical responses to Rawls' Law of Peoples 296 Global governance: what is it and why is it thought to be desirable? 301 Conclusion 305 CASE STUDY Funding to address global poverty Environment 313 Dale jamieson Introduction 314 Doom and gloom 315 Democracy and environmental crisis 317 Global environmental change 319 Climate change and democracy 321 Democratic responses 323 Environmentalism and liberalism 325 Environmentalism and justice 326 Conclusion 329 CASE STUDY Managing climate change 330 Glossary 337 References 349 Index 363