POL 421 Theories of Democratic Transition Spring 2010

Transcription

1 1 Lahore University of Management Sciences POL 421 Theories of Democratic Transition Spring 2010 Instructor: Dr. Rasul Bakhsh Rais Office: 239 E Old HSS Wing rasul@lums.edu.pk Office Hours: TBA Format for Lectures: 2 x 100 minutes sessions. Course Level: 400 Course Description Democracy is no longer a western ideal, but a universal value that societies with different cultures, histories, political experiences and social structures have increasingly embraced. The fast growth of democracy in a wider mix of societies has put into questions many of the old theories of democratization, and has generated fresh ideas, debates and controversies about the modes, processes and the role of elites and groups in bringing about democratic transition. This course will examine contemporary literature on democratic transition with a close focus on the Third Wave. We will start with an overview of the debate on social requisites of democracy, background factors, and modernization theory. They will be critiqued in the light of new theories based on empirical evidence from Latin America and East European countries that reject cultural explanations. The question of compatibility between Islam and democracy has generated more heat than light and the literature is largely polemical with very few exceptions. We will raise the question why Muslim societies have not made transition to democracy and under what conditions they are likely to do so? And what role external intervention can or should play in developing democracy around the world, including Islamic states? (Note: this course outline is tentative, more sessions will be added before it is finally delivered) Course Objectives Objectives of the Course Give students deep theoretical understanding of political transformations associated with democratic change

2 2 Familiarize students with different theoretical strands and comparative studies to understand the process of democratic transition and how it can be brought about Make them think critically about the process of modernization, and how and why democracy is making transition from a western political and philosophical tradition to a universal ideal. Course Requirements: Students are expected to read all the required material before coming to class and actively participate in the discussion. Students will be a required to write TWO review papers and one long term paper. Grading 1. Two review papers 20% 2. Class participation 20% 3. Mid-term 30% 4. Final 30% Week 1 (Sept., 5,7,8): Introduction: Comparative Democratization -Valrie Bunce, Comparative Democratization: Big and Bounded Generalizations, Comparative Political Studies, V. 33, N. 6/7 (August/September 2000), pp Francis Fukuyama, Liberal Democracy as a Global Phenomenon, PS: Political Science and Politics, V. 24, N. 4 (Dec., 1991), pp Lisa Anderson, Introduction, Transition to Democracy, (NY: Columbia University Press, 1999). -Everlyne Huber, et. al., The Paradoxes of Contemporary Democracy: Formal, Participatory, and Social Dimensions, Comparative Politics, V. 29, N. 3, Transition to Democracy: A Special Issue in Memory of Dankwart A. Rustow. (Apr., 1997), pp Week 2 (Sept., 12,14,15): What Matters In Democratic Transition? -Symour Martin Lipset, The Social Requisites of Democracy Revisited: 1993 Presidential Address, American Sociological Review, V. 59, N. 1 (Feb. 1994), pp Dankwart A. Rustow, Transition to Democracy: Toward a Dynamic Model, Comparative Politics, V. 2, N. 3 (Apr., 1970), pp Jacek Kugler and Yi Feng, Explaining and Modeling Democratic Transitions, The Journal of Conflict Resolution, V. 43, N. 2 (Apr., 1999), pp Mark Peceny, The Social Construction of Democracy, International Studies Review, V. 1., N. 1 (Spring 1999), pp Week 3 (Sept., 19,21,22): The Third Wave of Democratization -Samuel P. Huntington, Democracy s Third Wave

3 3 -Larry Diamond, Promoting Democracy, Foreign Policy, No. 87 (Summer, 1992), pp Barbara Geddes, What Do We Know About Democratization After Twenty Years, Annual Review of Political Science, (1999), pp Keith Jaggers and Ted Robert Gurr, Tracking Democracy s Third Wave with the Polity III Data, Journal of Peace Research, V. 32, N. 4 (Nov., 1995), pp Week 4 (Sept., 26,28,29): Economic Development and Democracy -Edward N. Muller, Economic Determinants of Democracy, American Sociological Review, V. 60 (Dec., 1995), pp Zehra F. Arat, Democracy and Economic Development: Modernization Theory Revisited, Comparative Politics, V. 21, N. 1 (Oct., 1988), pp Adam Przeworski and Fernando limongi, Modernization: Theories and Fact, World Politics, V. 49, N. 2 (1997), pp John F. Helliwell, Empirical Linkages between Democracy and Economic Growth, British Journal of Political Science, V. 24, N. 2 (Apr., 1994), pp Week 5 (Oct., 3,5,6): Culture and Democracy -Tom W. Rice and Jan L. Feldman, Civic Culture and Democracy from Europe to America, The Journal of Politics, V. 59, N. 4 (Nov., 1997), pp Ronald Inglehart, Culture and Democracy, in Lawrence Harrison and Damuel Huntington, eds., Culture Matters (NY: Basic Bookds, 2000), pp Edward N. Muller and Mitchell A. Seligson, Civic Culture and Democracy: The Question of Causal Relationships, The American Political Science Review, V. 88, N. 3 (Sep., 1994), pp Fareed Zakaria, Culture is Destiny: A Conversation with Lee Kuan Yew, Foreign Affairs, V. 73, N. 2 (March/April 1994). - Kim Dae Jung, Is Culture Destiny? The Myth of Asia s Anti-Democratic Values, Foreign Affairs, V. 73, N. 6 (November/December 1994). Laura Desfor Edles, Rethinking Democratic Transition: A Culturalist Critique and the Spanish Case, Theory and Society, V. 24, N. 3 (Jun., 1995), pp Week 6 (Oct., 10,12,13): Civil Society and Democracy Mid-term October 12. -Robert Putnam, Making Democracy Work: Civic Traditions in Modern Italy (Princeton: PUP, 1993), Chapter 1 (Studying Institutional Performance), Chapter 6 (Social Captial). -Pemela Paxton, Social Capital and Democracy: An Interdependent Relationship, American Sociological Review, V. 67, N. 2 (Apr., 2002), pp John A. Booth and Patricia Bayer Richard, Civil Society, Political Capital, and Democratization in Central America,, The Journal of Politics, V. 60, N. 3 (Aug., 1998), pp Sunhyuk Kim, State and Civil Society in South Korea s Democratic Consolidation: Is the Battle Really Over, Asian Survey, V. 37, N. 12 (Dec., 1997), pp

4 4 Mehran Kamrava, The Civil Society Discourse in Iran, British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies, V. 28, N. 2 (Nov., 2001), pp Week 7 (Oct., 17,19,20): Transition from Military Rule -Wendy Hunter, Continuity or Change? Civil-Military Relations in Democratic Argentina, Chile, and Peru, Political Science Quarterly, V. 112, N. 3 (Autumn, 1997), pp James Petras and Fernando Ignacio Levia, Chile: The Authoritarian Transition to Electoral Politics: A Critique, Latin American Perspective, V. 15, N.3 Democratization and Class Struggle. (Summer, 1988), pp Brian Loveman,?Mision Cumplida? Civil-Military Relations and the Chilean Political Transition, Journal of International Studies and World Affairs, V. 33, N. 3 (Autumn, 1991), pp Rasul Bakhsh Rais, Pakistan s Fourth Military Regime: Will it Make Transition to Democracy? Paper presented at the 20 th World Congress of International Political Science Association, Fukuoka, Japan, July 9-13, Week 8 (Oct., 24,26,27): Islam and Democracy -John L. Esposito and John O Voll, Islam and Democracy (New York: OUP, 1996), pp Sami Zubaida, Islam: The People and the State; Political Ideas and Movements in the Middle East (London: I. B. Tauris, 1993), pp Raghid El-Solh, Islamist Attitudes towards, Democracy: A Review of the Ideas of al- Ghazali, al-turabi and,amara, British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies, V. 20, N. 1 (1993), pp I. William Zartman, Democracy and Islam: The Cultural Dialectic, Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, V. 524, Political Islam. (Nov., 1992), pp Robin Wright, Islam and Liberal Democracy: Two Visions of Reformations, Journal of Democracy, V. 7, N. 2 (1996), pp Week 9 (Oct. 31, Nov. 2,3): Modes of Transition -Gerardo L. Munck and Carol Skalnik Leff, Modes of Transition and Democratization: South America and Eastern Europe in Comparative Perspective, in Lisa Aneerson, ed., Transition to Democracy (New York: Columbia University Press, 1999). -Nancy Bermeo, Myth of Moderation: Confrontation and Conflict During Democratic Transition, in Anderson, Ibid. -Andreas Schedler, Common Sense without Common Ground: The Concept of Democratic Transition in Mexican Politics, Mexican Studies, V. 16, N. 2 (Summer, 2000), pp Nancy Bermeo, Redemocratization and and Transition Elections: A Comparison of Spain and Portugal, Comparative Politics, V. 19, N. 2 (Jan., 1987), pp

5 5 Week 10 (Nov. 7,10, 14): Promoting Democracy, Intervention -Gideon Rose, Democracy Promotion and American Foreign Policy: A Review Essay, International Security, V. 25, N. 3 (Winter, ), pp Graham T. Allison, Jr., and Robert Beschel, Jr., Can the United States Promote Democracy, Political Science Quarterly, V. 107, N. 1, (Spring, 1992), pp Larry Diamond, Lessons from Iraq, Journal of Democracy, V. 16, N. 1 (January 2005). -Kathy Gannon, Afghanistan Unbound, Foreign Affairs, (May/June, 2004). -George Bush, Inaugural Address, Recommended -The National Security Strategy of the United States (March 2006). Recommended