INTERNATIONAL POLITICS Govt 006, Section 4, Spring Class Hours: T, R 5:40-6:55 Office Hours: T, R 11:40-12:30 REQUIREMENTS

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1 INTERNATIONAL POLITICS Govt 006, Section 4, Spring 1996 Professor George Shambaugh Office: 674a ICC Class Hours: T, R 5:40-6:55 Office Hours: T, R 11:40-12:30 Phone: shambaug@gunet This course provides an introduction to the theoretical concepts used to describe and explain the behavior of states and non-state actors in world politics. The first section provides an overview of international relations theories drawn from three levels of analysis. The dynamics of the international system, bureaucratic politics and the political process, and individual decision making are evaluated. Next, the means and ends of statecraft will be examined. Building from this foundation, particular issues of historical and current significance including the causes of war, the nature and use of force, morality in foreign policy, international political economy, and the environment are presented and analyzed. REQUIREMENTS This course will meet twice a week. There will be an in-class midterm on February 27 and a final examination. In addition, each student will be required to write a 1-3 page editorial on issues covered in a particular set of readings and lectures. Participation in classroom discussion is strongly encouraged and will be an important determinant of the final grade. The midterm exam will count for 35%, the final for 45%, the paper for 15%, and general class participation for 5% of the course grade. Reading material has been assigned for each class meeting. Required and recommended books may be purchased at the Georgetown bookstore. All readings are on reserve at the library. Students are encouraged to read the Washington Post, New York Times and The Economist or other news sources and should feel free to raise any questions relating the topics of this course to current events or concerns. This syllabus is subject to change at the discretion of the professor. Books for Purchase: Roger Hilsman with Laura Gaughran and Patricia Weitsman, The Politics of Policy Making in Defense and Foreign Affairs, 3rd edition. (Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall, 1993). Michael Klare and Daniel Thomas, eds., World Security: Challenges for a New Century, 2nd edition (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1994). Paul Viotti and Mark Kauppi, International Relations Theory: Realism, Pluralism, Globalism, 2nd edition. (New York: Macmillan Publishing Company, 1993). 1

2 Recommended: Joseph Nye, Jr. Understanding International Conflicts (New York: Harper Collins, 1993). Joan Spero, The Politics of International Economic Relations, 4th ed., (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1990). David Ziegler, War, Peace and International Politics, 6th edition. (New York: Harper Collins, 1993). Course Outline: I. Theories and Nature of International Politics II. Levels of Analysis III. Means and Ends of Statecraft IV. Power and Wealth V. The Future of International Relations CLASS SCHEDULE & READINGS I. Theories and Nature of International Politics A. Introduction and Course Overview (January 16) Why study international politics? What is it? In theory? In real life? What makes it distinct from domestic politics? B. Three Approaches to International Politics (January 18) How do different assumptions affect how people explain and interpret international politics? What drives international politics? What difference does it make? Paul Viotti and Mark Kauppi, International Relations Theory, pp. v-34, II. Levels of Analysis A. International System 1. Realism and the Assumption of Anarchy (January 23) What is anarchy? What can you deduce about state behavior under conditions of anarchy? Paul Viotti and Mark Kauppi, International Relations Theory, pp ,

3 Roger Hilsman with Laura Gaughran and Patricia Weitsman, The Politics of Policy Making in Defense and Foreign Affairs, 3rd edition. (Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall, 1993), pp Joseph Nye, Understanding International Conflicts (New York: Harper Collins, 1993), pp Balance of Power (January 25) What is it? States seem to do it continually, why? Why avoid entangling alliances? Paul Viotti and Mark Kauppi, International Relations Theory, pp Joseph Nye, Understanding International Conflicts, pp George Washington, "Farewell Address" (on reserve in the library) David Ziegler, War, Peace and International Politics, 6th edition. (New York: Harper Collins, 1993), pp Cooperation Under Anarchy: Game Theory Models (January 30) Robert Axelrod, The Evolution of Cooperation, Introduction and ch. 4. David Ziegler, War, Peace and International Politics, pp Paul Viotti and Mark Kauppi, International Relations Theory, pp International Law and Institutions I: International Organizations in World Politics (February 1) Paul Viotti and Mark Kauppi, International Relations Theory, pp David Ziegler, War, Peace and International Politics, pp , Inis Claude, "Collective Legitimization as a Political Function of the UN," International Organization, 20 (September 1966), pp (on reserve) 5. International Law and Institutions II: Peacekeeping (February 6) Margaret Karns and Karen Mingst, "Maintaining International Peace and Security: UN Peacekeeping and Peacemaking," in Michael Klare, World Security: Challenges for a New Century, pp

4 James Stegenga, "United National Peacekeeping," in Robert Wood, ed. The Process of International Organization (New York: Random House, 1971), pp (Stegenga on reserve) B. Limitations of a Systemic Perspective 1. Explaining Foreign Policy (February 8) Roger Hilsman with Laura Gaughran and Patricia Weitsman, The Politics of Policy Making in Defense and Foreign Affairs, pp. vii-35, Paul Viotti and Mark Kauppi, International Relations Theory, pp Bureaucratic Politics and the Political Process Model (February 13) Roger Hilsman with Laura Gaughran and Patricia Weitsman, The Politics of Policy Making in Defense and Foreign Affairs, pp Paul Viotti and Mark Kauppi, International Relations Theory, pp Psychology and Decision-Making (February 15) Paul Viotti and Mark Kauppi, International Relations Theory, pp James Barber, "Presidential Character and Foreign Policy Performance," in Eugene Wittkopf, ed. The Domestic Sources of American Foreign Policy, 2nd ed., (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1994), pp Margaret Hermann and Thomas Preston, "Presidents and Their Advisors: Leadership Style, Advisory Systems, and Foreign Policy Making," in Eugene Wittkopf, ed. The Domestic Sources of American Foreign Policy, pp Roger Hilsman with Laura Gaughran and Patricia Weitsman, The Politics of Policy Making in Defense and Foreign Affairs, pp C. Levels of Analysis and the Causes of War (February 20) What insights do the different levels of analysis offer? David Ziegler, War, Peace and International Politics, 6th edition, pp Joseph Nye, Understanding International Conflicts, p Barbara Tuchman, The Guns of August (New York: MacMillan Company, 1962), ch. 10, "Goeben... An Enemy then Flying," pp (On reserve) 4

5 Joseph Nye, Understanding International Conflicts, pp D. Review for Midterm (February 22) ** MIDTERM Exam - In Class, February 27 ** III. Ends and Means of Statecraft A. Nature of Power and Use of Force (February 29) Robert Dahl, Modern Political Analysis, 5th edition, (Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall, 1991), chs. 3 and 4. Peter Bachrach and Morton Baratz, "Two Faces of Power," American Political Science Review, 56 (December 1962), pp Robert Art and Robert Jervis, International Politics, 3rd edition. (Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1992), pp , William Riker, The Art of Political Manipulation, (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1986), ch 2. (Enjoy!) B. Military Means I: Security and Deterrence (March 5) Why is it still important to understand weapons of mass destruction? Joseph Nye, Jr. Understanding International Conflicts (New York: Harper Collins, 1993), pp Allan Krass, "The Second Nuclear Era: Nuclear Weapons in a Transformed World," in Michael Klare, World Security: Challenges for a New Century, pp Zachary Davis, "Nuclear Proliferation and Nonproliferation Policy in the 1990s," in Michael Klare, World Security: Challenges for a New Century, pp C. Military Means II: Use for Force Today (March 7) Is the post-cold War era going to be different? Is force still relevant? Colin McInnes, "Technology and Modern Warfare," in John Baylis, Dilemmas of World Politics (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1992), pp Phil Williams,"Nuclear Weapons and Arms Control," in John Baylis, Dilemmas of World Politics, pp David Baldwin, "The Power of Positive Sanctions," World Politics (October 1971), pp

6 David Ziegler, War, Peace and International Politics, 6th edition, ch 10, pp Spring Break D. Economic Means (March 19) David Baldwin, Economic Statecraft (Princeton: Princeton University Press), pp E. New Problems: Domestic Conflict and International Crisis (March 21) Seyom Brown, "World Interests and the Changing Dimensions of Security," in Michael Klare, ed. World Security: Challenges for a New Century, 2nd edition, pp Donald Horowitz, "Ethnic and Nationalist Conflict," in Michael Klare, ed. World Security: Challenges for a New Century, 2nd edition, pp Louis Kriesberg, "Regional Conflicts in the Post-Cold War Era: Causes, Dynamics, and Modes of Resolution," in Michael Klare, ed. World Security: Challenges for a New Century, 2nd edition, pp Joseph Nye, Understanding International Conflicts, pp F. Political Means I: Promoting Democracy (March 26) How and when does it work? What does it do? Terry Lynn Karl and Phillipe Schmitter, "Democratization around the Globe: Opportunities and Risks," in Michael Klare, World Security: Challenges for a New Century, 2nd edition, pp Larry Diamond, "Promoting Democracy," in Eugene Wittkopf, The Future of American Foreign Policy, 2nd edition, pp Robert Dahl, Who Governs? (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1961), ch. 6, pp ; ch 7, pp ; ch 19, pp ; ch. 28, pp Review your notes from: Peter Bachrach and Morton Baratz, "Two Faces of Power," American Political Science Review, 56 (December 1962), pp G. Ends and Moral Considerations in Foreign Policy (March 28) What role does morality play? Do moral considerations justify foreign intervention? In Bosnia? Somalia? South Africa? Israel? Ireland? the US? Paul Viotti and Mark Kauppi, International Relations Theory, pp

7 Jack Donnelly, "International Human Rights after the Cold War," in Michael Klare and Daniel Thomas, eds., World Security: Challenges for a New Century, 2nd edition, pp IV. Power and Wealth A. Power, Wealth, and Interdependence (April 2) Joan Spero, The Politics of International Economic Relations, 4th ed., (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1990), pp Paul Viotti and Mark Kauppi, International Relations Theory, pp C. Fred Bergsten, "The Primacy of Economics," Eugene Wittkopf, The Future of American Foreign Policy, 2nd edition, (NY: St. Martin's Press, 1994), pp (on reserve) East Holiday April 4 B. International Trade (April 9) Joan Spero, The Politics of International Economic Relations, pp C. The International Monetary System (April 11) Joan Spero, The Politics of International Economic Relations, pp , D. Perspectives on North-South Relations and Development I (April 16) Paul Viotti and Mark Kauppi, International Relations Theory, pp Spero, The Politics of International Economic Relations, pp Samuel Valenzuela and Arturo Valenzuela, "Modernization and Dependence: Alternate Perspectives in the Study of Latin American Underdevelopment," in Heraldo Munoz, editor. From Dependency to Development (Boulder: Westview Press, 1982), p * * No Class on April 18 * * Complete unfinished reading. 7

8 E. Perspectives on North-South Relations and Development II (April 23) Lawrence Summers and Vinod Thomas, "Recent Lessons of Development," in Jeffry Frieden and David Lake, editors. International Political Economy, third edition. (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1995), pp (On reserve) Robin Broad, John Cavinagh, and Walden Bello, "Development: The Market is Not Enough," in Jeffry Frieden and David Lake, editors. International Political Economy, third edition, pp (On reserve) Spero, The Politics of International Economic Relations, pp F. Sustainable Development and the Global Commons (April 25) Magnus Wijkman, "Managing the Global Commons," in Robert Art and Robert Jervis, eds. International Politics, fourth edition, pp (On reserve) Thomas Homer-Dixon, "Environmental Scarcity and Intergroup Conflict," in Michael Klare, World Security: Challenges for a New Century, 2nd edition, pp Zeigler, War, Peace and International Politics, pp V. Conclusion: The Future of International Relations (May 30) John Mearshimer, "Why we will soon miss the Cold War," in Richard Betts, ed. Conflict after the Cold War, (New York: MacMillan Publishing, 1994), pp (on reserve) Francis Fukuyama, "The End of History?" in Richard Betts, ed. Conflict after the Cold War, pp (on reserve) Joseph Nye, Understanding International Conflicts, pp * * Final Exam: As scheduled * * Students are responsible for confirming date and time of final exam. Good Luck! 8