POLS 672: AUTHORITARIANISM AND DEMOCRACY Northern Illinois University Department of Political Science Fall, Du Sable 464 Tuesday 6:30-9:10 pm

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1 POLS 672: AUTHORITARIANISM AND DEMOCRACY Northern Illinois University Department of Political Science Fall, Du Sable 464 Tuesday 6:30-9:10 pm Instructor: Professor Kheang Un, Ph.D. Office: Zulauf 408 Tel: (815) Office Hours: Tue &Th: 9-11 am, and by appointment Course Description: Since the early 1970s, there have been successive waves of regime change from authoritarian/communist to democratic regimes. Much literature focuses on transitions from authoritarian rule to consolidation of democratic states. In recent years, however, there is renewed interest in authoritarianism following developments wherein the course of the Third Wave of democratization led to the persistence of hybrid regimes that combined democratic and authoritarian features. This course addresses various theoretical explanations and case study examinations for democratic change and authoritarian resilience including economic, socio-political, cultural, historical and international factors. It also explores theoretical discussions on factors that hinder and promote democratic consolidation. Course Format: This is a seminar with an objective to integrate and critique the assigned readings and to identify areas for further research. So each week, there will be two presenters who will lead class discussion. The two presenters will submit a short critical analysis of the assigned readings (three to four pages, double-spaced). This critical analysis highlights key methodological and substantive issues posed by the readings and includes discussion questions. This critical reading needs to be posted no later than 6 pm on Monday prior to the Tuesday seminar. The assumption is that the two person team will collaborate on producing the documents and questions that will serve as the foundation for our class discussion. Professor Un will open the class with some comments and then turn to the two discussants for the week to lead the class in addressing the issues posed by the week s readings. Requirements: In addition to leading class discussion, the course has two additional requirements: one research paper and one final exam. The length of research paper will be between 6,000 and 8,000 words including a 150 word abstract and a bibliography. The take home final will contain a list of questions (given in advance) from which 1 1

2 questions will be answered. The answer should be between 3,000-3,500 words in length. 1 Class attendance and participation are mandatory. Grade Distribution: Leading class discussion: 15 percent x 2 = 30 percent Class participation: 20 percent Term paper: 30 percent Final Exam: 20 percent Required Textbooks 1. Jason Brownlee, Authoritarianism in an Age of Democratization (Cambridge University Press, 2007). 2. Kenneth F. Greene, Why Dominant Parties Lose: Mexico's Democratization in Comparative Perspective (Cambridge University Press, 2007). 3. Steven Levitsky and Lucan A. Way, Competitive authoritarianism: hybrid regimes after the cold war (Cambridge University Press, 2010). 4. Thomas B. Pepinsky, Economic Crises and the Breakdown of Authoritarian Regimes: Indonesia and Malaysia in Comparative Perspective (Cambridge University Press, 2009). 5. Pippa Norris, Making Democratic Governance Work: How Regimes Shape Prosperity, Welfare, and Peace (Cambridge University Press, 2012). 6. Dan Slater, Ordering Power: Contentious Politics and Authoritarian Leviathans in Southeast Asia (Cambridge University Press, 2010). ***The instructor reserves the right to make modifications to this syllabus when necessary*** COURSE OUTLINE August 28: Introduction to the Course No reading September 04: Authoritarianism 1. Barbara Geddes, Paradigms and Sand Castles (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2003), pp, 50-64, Paul Brooker, Non-Democratic Governments (London: Palgrave 2000), ch. 1, pp Please consult the Comprehensive Exam Guideline for guidelines. The instructor does not expect that students (particularly Masters students) to deliver the quality required by the Guideline. However, it is imperative particularly for Ph.D. students to familiarize themselves with the expectations. 2

3 3. Juan Linz, Totalitarian and Authoritarian Regimes in Fred Greenstein and Nelson Polsby, eds. Handbook of Political Science, vol. 3. (Reading MS: Addision-Wesley Pub Co. 1975) pp O'Donnell, Guillermo. "Reflections on the patterns of change in the bureaucraticauthoritarian state." Latin American Research Review (1978): Remmer, Karen L., and Gilbert W. Merkx. "Bureaucratic-authoritarianism revisited." Latin American Research Review (1982): Michael Wahman, Jan Teorell, and Axel Hadenius, "Authoritarian regime types revisited: updated data in comparative perspective," Contemporary Politics, vol. 19, no. 1 (2013): Purcell S. Kaufman, Authoritarianism: A Review Essay, Comparative Politics, vol. 5, no. 2 (1973): Hyug Baeg Im, "The rise of Bureaucratic Authoritarianism in South Korea," World Politics 39, no. 02 (1987): D. Art, What Do We Know about Authoritarianism after Ten Years? Comparative Politics, vol. 44, no. 3 (2012): José Antonio Cheibub, Jennifer Gandhi, and James Raymond Vreeland, "Democracy and Dictatorship Revisited," Public Choice, vol. 143, no. 1-2 (2010): September 11: What is democracy? 1. Phillipe Schmitter and Terry Karl, What Democracy Is and Is Not, Journal of Democracy, vol. 2, no 3, (Summer 1991): David Collier and Steven Levitsky, Democracy with Adjectives: Conceptual Innovation in Comparative Research, World Politics, 49, no 3, (April 1997): Jean-Jacques Rousseau, The Social Contract, in The Democracy Sourcebook edited by Robert Dahl, Ian Shapiro and Jose Cheibub (Cambridge: The MIT Press, 2003), pp Joseph Schumpeter, Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy, in Democracy Sourcebook, pp Amy Gutmann and Dennis Thomson, Democracy and Disagreement, in Democracy Sourcebook, pp Larry Diamond, Defining and Developing Democracy, in Democracy Sourcebook, pp Robert Dahl, Polyarchal Democracy, in Democracy Sourcebook, pp Fareed Zakaria, The Rise of Illiberal Democracy, Foreign Affairs (November 1997): Robert Dahl, Polyarchy (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1971), esp. Chps Samuel Huntington, The Third Wave: Democratization in the Late Twentieth Century (University of Oklahoma Press, 1993). 3

4 3. Valerie Bunce, Comparative Democratization: Big and Bounded Generalizations, Comparative Political Studies, vol. 33 no 6/7 (August/September 2000): Michael Coppedge and John Gerring, Conceptualizing and Measuring Democracy: a New Perspective, Perspectives on Politics, vol. 9 no.2 (2011): Muck, Gerardo and Jay Veruilen, Conceptualizing and Measuring Democracy: Evaluating Alternative Indices, Comparative Political Studies, vol. 35, no. 1 (2002): September 18: Endogenous Factors to Democratization 1. Seymour Martin Lipset, Some Social Requisites of Democracy: Economic Development and Political Legitimacy, American Political Science Review, vol. 53 (March 1959): Adam Przerworski and Fernando Limongi, Modernization: Theories and Facts, World Politics, vol. 49, no 2 (January 1997): Barbara Geddes, What Causes Democratization, in Boix and Stokes eds., The Oxford Handbook of Comparative Politics (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007), pp Ronald Inglehart and Christian Welzel, How Development Leads to Democracy, Foreign Affairs, vol. 88, no. 2 (March/April 2009): Gerring, John. Democracy and Economic Growth: a Historical Perspective. World Politics 57/03 (2005): : 1. Valerie Bunce, Democratization and Economic Reform, Annual Review of Political Science, vol. 4, (June 2001): Bruce Bueno de Mesquita and George Downs, Development and Democracy, Foreign Affairs, vol 84, no. 5 (September/October 2005): James Robinson, Economic Development and Democracy, Annual Review of Political Science, vol. 9, (2006): Deitrich Ruschemeyer, Everlyn Huber Stephens and John Stephen, Capitalist Development and Democracy (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1992). 5. Carles Boix and Susan Stokes, Endogenous Democratization, World Politics, vol. 55, no. 4, (2003): Adam Przerworskiet. al., Democracy and Development: Political Institutions and Well-being in the World (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000). 7. Ronald Inglehart and Christian Welzel, How Development Leads to Democracy, Foreign Affairs, vol. 88, no. 2 (March/April 2009): September 25: Political Culture 1. Christian Welzel and Ronald Inglehart, Political Culture, Mass Beliefs, and Value Change, in Christian Haerpfer et al., Democratization (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009),

5 2. Ronald Inglehart, The Renaissance of Political Culture, American Political Science Review, vol. 82, no. 4 (1988): Robert Jackman and Ross Miller, A Renaissance of Political Culture, American Journal of Political Science, vol. 40, no. 3 (1996): Amartya Sen, Democracy as Universal Value, Journal of Democracy, vol. 10, no. 3 (July 1999): Steven Fish, Islam and Authoritarianism, World Politics, vol. 55, no.1 (2002): Newton, Kenneth. Trust, Social Capital, Civil Society, and Democracy, International Political Science Review, 22, no. 2 (2001): : 1. Laurence Harrison and Samuel Huntington eds., Culture Matters: How Values Shape Human Progress (New York: Basic Books, 2001). 2. Ronald Inglehart, Culture and Democracy, in Laurence Harrison and Samuel Huntington eds., Culture Matters: How Values Shape Human Progress (New York: Basic Books, 2001), Fareed Zackaria, A Culture is Destiny: A Conversation with Lee Kuan Yew, Foreign Affairs, vol. 73, no. 2 (March/April 1994): Tarek Masoud, Islamist Parties: Are They Democrats? Does It Matter? Journal of Democracy, vol. 19, n. 3 (July 2008): Edward Muller and Mitchell Seligson, Civic Culture and Democracy: The Question of Causal Relationships, American Political Science Review, vol. 88, no. 3 (1994): Samuel Huntington, The Clash of Civilizations: Remaking of the World Order (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1996), pp , Fareed Zackaria, The Islamic Exception, in The Future of Freedom: Illiberal Democracy at Home and Abroad (New York: Norton and Company, 2003), pp Francis Fukuyama, Confucianism and Democracy, Journal of Democracy, vol. 6, no. 2 (1995): October 02: Democratic Consolidation 1. Guillermo O Donnell, Illusion about Consolidation, Journal of Democracy, vol. 7, no. 2, (April 1996), Guillermo O Donnell, Why the Rules of Law Matters, Journal of Democracy, vol. 5, no. 2 (2004): Guillermo O Donnell, Delegative Democracy, Journal of Democracy, vol. 5, no. 2 (January 1994): Andrea Schedler, What is Democratic Consolidation? Journal of Democracy, vol. 9, no.2 (April 1998): Juan Linz and Alfred Stepan, Toward Consolidated Democracies, Journal of Democracy, vol. 7, no.2, (April 1996): Diamond, Larry. Facing up to Democratic Recession, Journal of Democracy 26/1 (2015): [need to be added] 5

6 7. Levitsky and Way The Myth of Democratic Recession, Journal of Democracy 26/1 (2015): : 1. Barry Weingast, The Political Foundations of Democracy and the Rule of Law, American Political Science Review, vol. 91, no. 2 (June 1997): Juan Linz, Problems of Democratic Transition and Consolidation: Southern Europe, South America, and Post-Communist World (Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996). 3. Thomas Carothers, The Rule of Law Temptations, The Fletcher Forum of World Affairs, vol. 33, no. 1 (Winter/Spring 2009): Thomas Rhoden, The Liberal in Liberal Democracy, Democratization, (2013): Fukuyama Francis Why is democracy performing so poorly, Journal of Democracy 26/1 (2015): October 09: Civil Society, Social Movements and Democratization 1. Way, Lucan. "Civil Society and Democratization." Journal of Democracy, vol. 25, no. 3 (2014): Valerie Bunce, Rethinking Recent Democratization: Lessons from the Postcommunist Experience, World Politics, vol. 55, no. 2 (2003): Margaret Keck and Kathryn Sikkink, Activists beyond Border: Advocacy Network in International Politics (1998), pp Natalia Letki, Social Capital and Civil Society, in Christian Haerpfer et al., Democratization (New York: Oxford University Press, 2009), pp Mercer, Claire. "NGOs, Civil Society and Democratization: a Critical Review of the Literature," Progress in Development Studies vol. 2, no. 1 (2002): White, Gordon. "Civil Society, Democratization and Development (I): Clearing the Analytical Ground." Democratization 1, no. 2 (1994): Muthiah Alagappa, Civil Society and Political Change in Southeast Asia: Expanding and Contracting Democratic Space (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2004). 2. Margaret Keck and Kathryn Sikkink, Activists beyond Border: Advocacy Network in International Politics (1998). 3. Caroline Hughes, Civil Society in Southeast Asia, in Mark Beeson ed., Contemporary Southeast Asia, (Palgrave Macmillan, 2009), chap 8. October 16: Patrimonialism and Neopatrimonialism 1. Leonardo Arriola, Patronage and Political Stability in Africa, Comparative Political Studies, vol. 42, no. 10 (2009):

7 2. Michael Bratton and Nicholas van de Walle, Neopatrimonial Regimes and Political Transitions in Africa, World Politics, vol. 46, no. 4 (July 1994): Susan Stoke, Political Clientelism, Handbook of Comparative Politics 2007, (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007). 4. Allen Hicken, "Clientelism." Annual Review of Political Science 14 (2011): Keefer, Philip. "Clientelism, credibility, and the policy choices of young democracies." American journal of political science51, no. 4 (2007): Levitsky, Steven R., and Lucan A. Way. "Beyond Patronage: Violent Struggle, Ruling Party Cohesion, and Authoritarian Durability." Perspectives on Politics 10, no. 4 (2012): Herbert Kitschelt, and Steven I. Wilkinson, eds., Patrons, clients and policies: Patterns of democratic accountability and political competition (Cambridge University Press, 2007). 2. John Sidel, Siam and Its Twin?: Democratization and Bossism in Contemporary Thailand and The Philippines, IDS Bulletin, vol. 27, no. 2 (April 1996): Nicholas van de Walle, Presidentialism and Clientelism in Africa s Emerging Party Systems, Journal of Modern African Studies, vol. 41, no. 2 (June 2003): Larry Diamond, The Rule of Law versus the Big Man, Journal of Democracy, vol. 19, no. 2 (April 2008): Susan, Stoke, Perverse Accountability: A Formal Model of Machine Politics with Evidence from Argentina, American Political Science Review, vol. 99, no. 4 (August 2005): Richard Snyder, Explaining Transitions from Neopatrimonial Dictatorship, Comparative Politics, vol. 24, no. 4 (1992): Weber M. Traditional Authority, in Max Weber, The Theory of Social and Economic Organization, edited with an Introduction by Talcot Parsons (New York: The Free Press, 1964), pp Robert Jackson and Carl Rosberg, Theory and Practice in Africa, Comparative Politics, vol. 16, no. 4. (July 1984): John Sidel, Philippine Politics in Town, Districts and Province: Bossism in Cavise and Cebu, Journal of Asian Studies, vol. 56, no. 4 (November 1997): Aspinall, Edward. "When brokers betray: Clientelism, social networks, and electoral politics in Indonesia." Critical Asian Studies 46, no. 4 (2014): October 23: Enduring One Party State I 1. Kenneth Greene, Why Dominant Parties Lose: Mexico s Democratization in Comparative Perspective (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007). 1. Beatriz Magaloni, Voting for Autocracy: Hegemonic Party Survival and its Demise in Mexico(New York: Cambridge University Press, 2006). 7

8 2. Nicholas Van de Walle, Tipping Games: When Do Opposition Parties Coalesce? in Ed. Andreas Schedler, Electoral Authoritarianism: The Dynamic of Unfree Competition (Boulder: Lynne Rienner, 2006), pp Barbara Geddes and John Zaller, Sources of Popular Support for Authoritarian Regimes, American Journal of Political Science, vol. 33, no. 2 (May 1989): Benjamin Smith, Life of the Party: The Origins of Regime Breakdown and Persistence under Single-Party Rule, World Politics, vol. 57, no. 3 (2005): October 30: Enduring One Party State II: Indonesia and Malaysia Required Reading Thomas Pepinsky, Economic Crises and the Breakdown of Authoritarian Regimes: Indonesia and Malaysia in Comparative Perspective (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009). : 1. Jeffrey Winters, Oligarchy (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011). 2. Dan Slater, Ordering Power: Contentious Politics and Authoritarian Leviathans in Southeast Asia (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010). November 06: Enduring One Party State III : 1. Jason Brownlee,Authoritarianism in an Age of Democratization (Cambridge University Press, 2007). 2. Bader, Julia. "China, autocratic patron? An empirical investigation of China as a factor in autocratic survival." International Studies Quarterly 59, no. 1 (2015): Chou, Mark. "Have the black knights arisen? China's and Russia's support of autocratic regimes." Democratization 24, no. 1 (2017): Andrew Nathan, Authoritarian Resilience, Journal of Democracy,vol. 14, no 1 (January 2003): : 1. Eva Bellin, "Reconsidering the robustness of authoritarianism in the Middle East: Lessons from the Arab Spring," Comparative Politics, vol. 44, no. 2 (2012): Eva Bellin, "The robustness of authoritarianism in the Middle East: Exceptionalism in comparative perspective," Comparative politics, vol. 36, no. 2 (2004): November 13: Hybrid Regime 1. Steven Levitsky and Lucan Way, Competitive Authoritarianism: Hybrid Regimes after the Cold War (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010).Stephen Knack, 2. Bader, Julia. "China, autocratic patron? An empirical investigation of China as a factor in autocratic survival." International Studies Quarterly 59, no. 1 (2015):

9 3. Chou, Mark. "Have the black knights arisen? China's and Russia's support of autocratic regimes." Democratization 24, no. 1 (2017): Marina Ottoway, Democracy Challenged: The Rise of Semi-Authoritarianism (Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 2003). 2. Morse, Yonatan L. "The era of electoral authoritarianism." World Politics 64, no. 1 (2012): Thomas Carothers, The Backlash against Democracy Promotion, Foreign Affairs, vol. 85, no. 2 (March/April 2006): Catherin Dalpino, Deferring Democracy: Promoting Openness in Authoritarian Regimes (Brookings Institution Press, 2000). 5. Thomas Carothers, Aiding Democracy Abroad: The Learning Curve (Washington D.C.: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 1999). 6. Joseph Wright, How Foreign Aid Can Foster Democratization in Authoritarian Regimes, American Journal of Political Science, vol. 53, no. 3 (2009): Ivan Krastev, Paradoxes of the New Authoritarianism, Journal of Democracy, vol. 22, no. 2(April 2011): Morse, Y.L. (2012) The Era of electoral authoritarianism, World Politics 64(1): Bunce, V.J. and S.L. Wolchik (2010) Defeating dictators: Electoral change and stability in competitive authoritarian regimes, World Politics, vol. 62, no. 1 (2010): November 20: Authoritarian Persistence Dan Slater, Ordering Power: Contentious Politics and Authoritarian Leviathans in Southeast Asia (Cambridge University Press, 2011). November 27: Regime Types and Economic Development 1. N. Bermeo, Does Electoral Democracy Boost Economic Equality, Journal of Democracy, vol. 20, no. 4 (October 2009): Mancur Olson, Dictatorship, Democracy, and Development, American Political Science Review, vol. 87, no. 3 (1993): Good Enough Governance Revisited, Development Policy Review, vol. 25, no. 5 (2007): Pippa Norris, Making Democratic Governance Work: How Regimes Shape Prosperity, Welfare and Peace (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2012). 5. John Gerring et al. Democracy and Growth, World Politics, vol. 57, no. 3 (April 2005): *TERM PAPER DUE* 9

10 : 1. Terry Karl, Paradoxes of Plenty: Oil Booms and Patrol States (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1997). 2. M.H. Khan, & J.K. Sudaram eds., Rents, Rent-Seeking and Economic Development: Theory and Evidence in Asia (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000). 3. Richard Roll and John Talbott, Political Reform, Economic Liberty, and Prosperity, Journal of Democracy, vol. 14, no. 3 (2003): Daron Acemoglu, and James A. Robinson, Why Nations Fail: The origins of Power, Prosperity, and Poverty (New York: Crown Business, 2012). December 4: FINAL EXAM 10