Cooperation between the United Nations and regional, sub regional organizations and NGO s in maintaining international peace and security
|
|
- Dana Pitts
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Committee: Issue: Student Officer: Security Council Cooperation between the United Nations and regional, sub regional organizations and NGO s in maintaining international peace and security Ali Alashkar (Security Council Chair) I- Introduction For over 20 years The United Nation s efforts have been highly reliant on regional and sub regional organizations. The cooperation between these entities is simply vital to the UN s efforts and goals. Since 1993 over 25 regional and sub-regional organizations established formal cooperative relationships with the United Nations President Kutesa (president of the GA )and their efforts have played a major role from minor missions to years and years of agendas. 1 The basis upon which cooperation has come lies under chapter VIII in the United Nations Charter 2. Regional goals and initiatives complement and complete international agendas and resolutions. The vitality of each and every organization to UN is apparent as each organization has its unique role and expertise. Due to such importance the Secretary General of the United Nations has called for strengthening and empowering the relationship and communication between the UN and such organizations. 3 With strengthened cooperation between the UN and regional and sub regional organizations would create larger and greater opportunities to peace keeping and peace building. Furthermore it has also been noted that such organizations gain access to vital and sensitive areas of conflict with huge amounts of financial aid and supplies and minimal monitoring 4. Such great opportunity may be used wisely in order to help and retain peace or might be used to discriminate and reach or fulfill hidden agendas. 5 Therefore the UN has to make sure that their interference is monitored through strict agendas making sure that they are there for the greater good without manipulation 6. II- Involved Countries and Organizations [OSCE] The OSCE has a comprehensive approach to security that encompasses politico-military, economic and environmental, and human aspects 7 it operates with a wide of countries concerning arms trafficking and many other problems. It has engaged in many preventive diplomacy operations and almost as many peacebuilding organizations. It also operates many local offices in areas of operation to provide advice and improve communication. It has witnessed a great success in Eastern Europe reaching their goals and handling many situations. The OSCE has a great approach to problems and deals with communication in a unique manner that makes it quit a profound asset to the UN. 8 The UN can gain a lot by looking into how this organization deals with them therefore making their communication this successful NGOs.html
2 [AU] African union Established in May the AU was a regional organization in Africa it aimed to defend the sovereignty and independence of African states. It worked towards many diverse goals such as the eradication of colonialism and white minority rule. With its work came limited success as many set goals were focused on existing problems rather than preventing more problems from coming into place. The AU is active in many cases yet, again with limited success. The weak communication between the AU and the UN and the extremely sensitive African members about their country s sovereignty were major factors of such limits. By highlighting the problems of the AU the UN can implement resolutions that would lift up such organization. Problems include financial, mandate and organizational issues. A great solution would be establishing early warning abilities. 9 The Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) The Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) is a regional organization made up of 15 states that has often taken the stand by solving conflicts in many countries side by side with the UN. Established in 28 May 1975 the ECOWAS was created to help flourish countries economically across Africa. It has been met by many successes and by looking into its ways of dealing the UN can come up with ways to implement the same communication skills with other organizations. 10 [The Southern African Development Community SADC] The Southern African Development Community (SADC) was established in 17 August 1992 aiming to achieve development, peace and security, and economic growth, to alleviate poverty, enhance the standard and quality of life of the peoples of Southern Africa, and support the socially disadvantaged through regional integration, built on democratic principles and equitable and sustainable development. 11. Just like ECOWAS it has worked side by side with the UN by taking the lead is solving problems in many different countries in the region. [OAS] The Organization of American States was founded 30 April 1948 and has different approach with its UN cooperation. It promotes conflict resolution but does not get involved with any internal members affairs. It has worked repetitively with the UN bringing satisfying results to the table. The Organization was established in order to achieve among its member states as stipulated in Article 1 of the Charter "an order of peace and justice, to promote their solidarity, to strengthen their collaboration, and to defend their sovereignty, their territorial integrity, and their independence."-it uses a four-pronged approach to effectively implement its essential purposes, based on its main pillars: democracy, human rights, security, and development. 12 [ASEAN] The Association of Southeast Asian Nations was founded august They aim to reach the following. 1. accelerate the economic growth, social progress and cultural development in the region through joint endeavours in the spirit of equality and partnership in order to strengthen the foundation for a prosperous and peaceful community of Southeast Asian Nations; 2. promote regional peace and stability through abiding respect for justice and the rule of law in the relationship among countries of the region and adherence to the principles of the United Nations Charter; 3. promote active collaboration and mutual assistance on matters of common interest in the economic, social, cultural, technical, scientific and administrative fields; 4. provide assistance to each other in the form of training and research facilities in the educational, professional, technical and administrative spheres; 5. collaborate more effectively for the greater utilisation of their agriculture and industries, the expansion of their trade, including the study of the problems of international commodity trade, the improvement of their transportation and communications facilities and the raising of the living standards of their peoples;
3 6. promote Southeast Asian studies; and 7. maintain close and beneficial cooperation with existing international and regional organisations with similar aims and purposes, and explore all avenues for even closer cooperation among themselves. They follow strict purposes and ways mainly : 1. Mutual respect for the independence, sovereignty, equality, territorial integrity, and national identity of all nations; 2. The right of every State to lead its national existence free from external interference, subversion or coercion; 3. Non-interference in the internal affairs of one another; 4. Settlement of differences or disputes by peaceful manner; 5. Renunciation of the threat or use of force; and 6. Effective cooperation among themselves. By taking a closer look at the ways this organization implements its resolution the UN can identify the roots of its success. 13 [CIS] The CIS was formed after the fall of the Soviet Union and is made of 9 countries from the original 15 of the Soviet Union. They have been active in many countries including Azerbaijan, Tajikistan, and Georgia. They operate in a unique and different way through which they have different bodies for implementation and execution. In September 1993 the Heads of the CIS States signed an Agreement on the creation of Economic Union to form common economic space grounded on free movement of goods, services, labour force, capital; to elaborate coordinated monetary, tax, price, customs, external economic policy; to bring together methods of regulating economic activity and create favorable conditions for the development of direct production relations. 14 [NATO] After the European paralysis due to internal disagreements that were caused by Yugoslavia the NATO showed its worth through its interference parallel to the UN Security Council. Yet the NATO also operates outside its region such as in Syria. Therefore, many questions get raised upon its respect to countries sovereignty through its course of action. III- Focused Overview of the Issue Sub regional and regional organizations have seen an increase in becoming part of many resolutions and dealings within states and conflict zones. These organizations are committed to certain specialties. As a third party the UN has taken on different roles with the help of many regional and sub regional organizations. Such activism has seen great expansions yet still faces many problems. Sub regional and regional Organizations primary fulfil the goal of cooperation. They provide countries with the resolutions through which they can manage their problems. Organizations make room for discussions between states reaching agreements in a less costly manner. They are relatively resourceful with information to countries and try to stop any misconceptions by pushing to increase transparency. Most importantly they help countries to look over the long term perspective rather than short time payoff to nourish countries. They are mainly impartial which makes
4 them even more effective. By strengthening the relationship and communication between the UN, regional and sub regional organizations the UN can reach new heights in resolving conflicts. 15 1) [UN activities in relation to regional and sub regional organizations] In the past few years the UN s missions have undergone great change. Before reaching this period of height the UN s role was quite limited. Then has supported- transitions, such as decolonization. One of the first transitional authority actions was in And then in Congo. Realizing that it doesn t have enough authority and resources to fulfil its goals it felt reluctant to take on such operations, after all it wasn t prepared nor did it have the authority to do so. Throughout the UN's peacekeeping missions it had intervened by its forces between two countries that were in consent. This did not work on the long run and only freezes the problem momentarily. 16 The UN was not capable to create the conditions for peace. This was also obvious in the cold war. The UN was not in place for super politics. In 1988, the United Nations finally took a different approach. Creating (UNGOMAP). it used it to monitor its political settlement. Such organization boosted the UN s confidence on such action. pushing again it created the United Nations Transition Assistance Group (UNTAG) in Namibia, to help South Africa facilitate Namibia s independence. In the UN mission in Cambodia (UNTAC), took place which was quite harder and challenging than the ones Before. The local authorities were resisting therefore the UN had no authority to enforce what it wants. 17 2) Using organizations for peacekeeping mission In order to indicate which expertise is needed and therefore contacting the Organization the UN outlines its needs. Whether it s disarming parties and restoring order, improving and expanding political participation, repatriating refugees, destroying weapons, protect human rights, training police, monitoring elections, or strengthening and reforming government institutions. The UN identifies which services targets all instead of a group of elites or local leaders and outlines whether the problem at hand has psychological, social or economic factors and therefore knowing what would lead in the mission. Finally deciding its framework and taking great care in deciding who should be the acting factor ) Regional organizations and their role As the UN recognized it does not have enough resources and authority to take on some of the new missions it turned for regional and sub regional organizations for help. At the time of the cold war when super powers collided these organizations worked as a substitute for the UN. The UN is now willingly handing responsibility over to many organizations. The UN had stated in a recent report The United Nations does not have right, at this point in its history, the institutional capacity to conduct many military enforcement measures under Chapter VII of the UN Charter. Under present conditions, ad hoc Member States coalitions of the willing offer the most effective deterrent to aggression or to the escalation or spread of an ongoing conflict... The Organization still lacks the capacity to implement rapidly and effectively decisions of the Security Council calling for the dispatch of peacekeeping operations in crisis situations. Troops for peacekeeping missions are in some cases not made available by Member States or made available under conditions that constrain effective response. Peacemaking and human rights operations, as well as peacekeeping operations, also lack a secure financial footing, which has a serious impact on the &EXT=pdf 4
5 viability of such operations Coordination with such organizations might make the UN greatly effective and efficient. Regional organizations also tend to be more familiar with the place and culture. They are less costly and tend to communicate faster yet are also faced that while working at a regional level it might tend to finish in favor of one side more than the other. This usually happens to be the reason behind accepting outside intervention Regional organizations have greatly expanded in number, and because there might be more than one organization in a given area, it is being encouraged that they work in coordinance. 22 IV- Key Vocabulary Regional : relating to the regions of the country rather than the capital Sub-regional : a part of a larger region Organization: an organized group of people with a particular purpose, such as a business or government department. Approach :a way of dealing with a situation Allocate : distribute (resources or duties ) for a particular purpose V- Important Events & Chronology UN Missions [with sub regional and regional organizations help] UN Iraq-Kuwait Observation Mission (UNIKOM) Monitor demilitarized zone in Iraq UN Angola Verification Mission II (UNAVEM II) Help implement peace accord UN Observer Mission in El Salvador (ONUSAL) Peace verification, election monitoring UN Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara (MINURSO) Implement ceasefire, conduct referendum UN Advance Mission in Cambodia (UNAMIC) Prepare way for UNTAC UN Protection Force Yugoslavia (UNPROFOR) Humanitarian relief, monitoring UN Transitional Authority in Cambodia (UNTAC) Implement peace accord UN Operation in Somalia I (UNOSOM I) Humanitarian relief, monitor ceasefire UN Operation in Mozambique (ONUMOZ) Oversee peace accord UN Operation in Somalia II (UNOSOM II) Humanitarian relief, institution building UN Observer Mission Uganda-Rwanda (UNOMUR) Monitor border UN Observer Mission in Georgia (UNOMIG) Monitor ceasefire of civil war UN Observer Mission in Liberia (UNOMIL) Monitor ceasefire of civil war UN Mission in Haiti (UNMIH) Aid transition UN Assistance Mission for Rwanda (UNAMIR) Humanitarian relief, monitor ceasefire 20 ons.+troops+for+peacekeeping+missions+are+in+some+cases+not+made+available+by+member+states+or+made+av ailable+under+conditions+that%22&source=bl&ots=dvfn4zz79s&sig=kfbzgmosi_hgrhnv8fqnnkyfyno&hl=en&sa=x &ved=0ahukewjs9e7htnhoahxjcmakhdyqco4q6aeiizab#v=onepage&q=%22operations%20in%20crisis%20situa tions.%20troops%20for%20peacekeeping%20missions%20are%20in%20some%20cases%20not%20made%20avail able%20by%20member%20states%20or%20made%20available%20under%20conditions%20that%22&f=false
6 1994 UN Aouzou Strip Observer Group (UNASOG) Monitor Chad-Libyan border UN Mission of Observers in Tajikistan (UNMOT) Monitor ceasefire of civil war UN Angola Verification Mission III (UNAVEM III) Humanitarian relief, monitor ceasefire UN Confidence Restoration Operation in Croatia (UNCRO) Monitor ceasefire of civil war UN Preventive Deployment Force Macedonia (UNPREDEP) Prevent conflict from spreading Implement peace accord, humanitarian UN Mission in Bosnia and Herzegovina (UNMIBH) relief UN Transitional Administration for E. Slavonia, Baranja, W. Sirmium (UNTAES) Manage integration of regions into Croatia UN Mission of Observers in Prevlaka (UNMOP) Monitor Croat-Yugoslav border UN Support Mission in Haiti (UNSMIH) Institution building 1997 UN Verification Mission in Guatemala (MINUGUA) Monitor peace accord UN Observer Mission in Angola (MONUA) Monitor peace accord 1997 UN Transition Mission in Haiti (UNTMIH) Conduct election, institution building UN Civilian Police Mission in Haiti (MIPONUH) Training, institution building UN Mission in the Central African Republic (MINURCA) Monitor ceasefire of civil conflict UN Observer Mission in Sierra Leone (UNOMSIL) Monitor ceasefire of civil war UN Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK) Monitor ceasefire, administration UN Mission in Sierra Leone (UNAMSIL) Monitor peace accord UN Transitional Administration in East Timor (UNTAET) Oversee transition to independence UN Organization Mission in DRC (MONUC) Monitor ceasefire of civil war UN Mission in Ethiopia and Eritrea (UNMEE) Monitor border, ceasefire UN Mission of Support in East Timor (UNMISET) Administrative assistance 23 VI- Past Resolutions and Treaties The UN has held many meetings upon such issue please see over view VII- Failed Solution Attempts December the 17 th 2012 marked the marked the beginning of act against corruption today UNODC In efforts to eliminate corruption in non-governmental organizations, charities and many other sectors. It has trained in over 100 NGO s and equipped them with the needed skills and information to fight such kinds of corruption. 24 Elaborate more. Explain why did this solution fail and how did it fail? VIII- Possible Solutions
7 1. Different and unique measures that could be implemented in order to empower the relationship between regional, sub-regional organizations and the United Nations 2. Ways and mechanisms to promote and strengthen communication and understanding between organizations and the United Nations. 3. How can the UN secure and prevent any conflicts and dangers dawning upon units in areas of conflict? 4. In what manner can the United Nations be in sync with regional and sub regional originations in terms of logistics, security and financial aid? 5. How can regional and sub regional organizations aid the UN in peacebuilding, peacemaking, and resolution implementing? 6. How can the UN be sure that regional and sub regional organizations are preforming their duties with no hidden intentions or agenda s behind any aid intervention? 7. What agenda can the UN set in order to move and successfully target areas in need of aid and effectively uses these organizations to accomplish their goals? 8. Can the UN create and use a central organization strengthening collaboration between regional and sub regional organizations in order to use available resources efficiently? 9. In what manner will the UN be able to monitor organizations in areas of conflict? 10. How can the UN aid such organizations and give them security and meditation during and after being in inflicted areas? To what extent can the UN supervise these organizations? 12. Can the UN stop such organizations from entering certain areas and by means? 13. Check this link for more ideas : ENG.pdf IX- Useful Links Problems faced by Regional and sub-regional organizations that need attention : Explanations on the role of such orginizations : General knowledge on the cooperation between the UN and such organization s:
8 Lists of important organization s : Role of the Organizations : Sources : 1) Hassan-e Rouhani raeis-e jomhour-e montakhab shod [Hassan Rouhani became the President-election], Fars News Agency, June 15, Available in Persian: 2) 30 jomle-ye kootahazrahbardarkhosous-e jang-e narm [30 short sentences from the revolution s leader about soft war], Soft War and Psychological Operations Website, accessed July 8, ) Shabake-ye melli-ye ettelaatchist? [What is the National Information Network], Ministry of Information Technology andcommunication, accessed April 20, ) Bayanatdar jam-e kasiriazbasijiya-enkeshvar [Remarks to a large crowd of the nation s Basij], The Center for thepreservation and the Publication of the Works of Grand Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, November 25, ) Barresi-ye avameljang-e narmalayh-e jomhouri-ye eslami [Reviewing the reasons behind soft warfare against the Islamic Republic], Islamic Propaganda Organization, ) Michael Rubin, Iran s soft warfare obsession, American Enterprise Institute, January 15, ) Iran News Roundup (INR) June 25, 2014, AEI s Critical Threats Project, June 25, ) Monroe Price, Iran and the Soft war, International Journal of Communication, 6 (2012), Feature Ibid. 9) MehrdadMoarefian, He s Just Not that Into Us: The Supreme Leader s Resistance Strategy Expands, AEI s Critical Threats Project, September 2, ) Frederick W. Kagan, Khamenei s Team of Rivals: Iranian Decision-making, June-July 2014, AEI s Critical Threats Project, July ) Siasat-hayekolli-ye eghtesad-e moghavemati [The comprehensive policies of economy of resistance ]. Zengke He, Corruption and anti-corruption in reform China, Communist and Post-Communist Studies 33, 2000, pp ) INR May 28, 2014, AEI s Critical Threats Project, May 28, ) Siasat-hayekolli-ye eghtesad-e moghavemati [The comprehensive policies of economy of resistance ]. 14) Will Fulton, INR September 9, 2013, AEI s Critical Threats Project, September 9, ) Will Fulton, INR December 11, 2013, AEI scritical Threats Project, December 11, ) INR February 25, 2014, AEI s Critical Threats Project, February 25, ) INR May 21, 2014, AEI s Critical Threats Project, May 21, ) INR February 14, 2014, AEI s Critical Threats Project, February 14, ) INR June 25, 2014, AEI s Critical Threats Project, June 25, ) Will Fulton, INR June 10, 2013, AEI s Critical Threats Project, June 10, ) Will Fulton, INR September 13, 2013, AEI s Critical Threats Project, September 13, ) Will Fulton, INR October 16, 2013, AEI s Critical Threats Project, October 16, Ibid. 23) Kevan Harris, A Martyrs Welfare State and Its Contradictions, in the Middle East Authoritarianism: Governance,Contestations, and Regime Resilience in Syria and Iran, Stanford Scholarship, June ) ShyerahIlias, Iran s Economic Conditions: U.S. Policy Issues, Congressional Research Services, April 22,
When Does Peacekeeping Work? Diana Chiang Advisor: Alynna Lyon Undergraduate Research Conference April 24, 2009
When Does Peacekeeping Work? Diana Chiang Advisor: Alynna Lyon Undergraduate Research Conference April 24, 2009 Peacekeeping role: Peacekeeping is the use of multilateral forces to achieve several different
More informationCurrent operations are indicated by bold abbreviations, which can be found on the map in Figure 2.1 (page 9).
213 Appendix 1 United Nations peacekeeping operations, 1948 2010, organized into four categories: Observer missions; Interposed forces; Multidimensional operations; Transitional administrations Current
More informationA/55/735 General Assembly
United Nations A/55/735 General Assembly Distr.: General 17 January 2001 Original: English Fifty-fifth session Agenda item 153 (a) Administrative and budgetary aspects of the financing of the United Nations
More informationCRS Issue Brief for Congress
Order Code IB90103 CRS Issue Brief for Congress Received through the CRS Web United Nations Peacekeeping: Issues for Congress Updated March 11, 2005 Marjorie Ann Browne Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade
More informationCRS Issue Brief for Congress
Order Code IB90103 CRS Issue Brief for Congress Received through the CRS Web United Nations Peacekeeping: Issues for Congress Updated July 5, 2006 Marjorie Ann Browne Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade
More informationChapter V. Subsidiary organs of the Security Council
Chapter V Subsidiary organs of the Security Council 145 Contents Introductory note................................................................ 147 Part I. Subsidiary organs of the Security Council
More informationIPI Peacekeeping Database: Coding Manual
IPI Peacekeeping Database: Coding Manual Chris Perry (Senior Policy Analyst) August 8, 2013-1 - Table of Contents 1. Date and unit of observation... 4 2. Contributor Data... 4 2.1 Contributor IDs... 4
More informationAgenda of the fifty-fifth session of the General Assembly. Adopted by the General Assembly at its 9th plenary meeting, on 11 September 2000
United Nations General Assembly Distr.: General 11 September 2000 Original: English A/55/251 Fifty-fifth session Agenda of the fifty-fifth session of the General Assembly Adopted by the General Assembly
More informationSummary of AG-050 Department of Peacekeeping Operations (DPKO), Office of the Under-Secretary-General (OUSG) (1992- present)
Summary of AG-050 Department of Peacekeeping Operations (DPKO), Office of the Under-Secretary-General (OUSG) (1992- present) Title Department of Peacekeeping Operations (DPKO), Office of the Under-Secretary-General
More informationIndex and Abbreviations
Index and Abbreviations DIPLOMATIC BLUEBOOK 2005 Index 1. This index is comprised of terms that can be found in the main text (including charts), columns, and topics. 2. The figures indicate the
More informationAdvance version. Repertoire of the Practice of the Security Council Supplement Chapter IV VOTING. Copyright United Nations
Repertoire of the Practice of the Security Council Supplement 1996-1999 Chapter IV VOTING Chapter IV Copyright United Nations 1 CONTENTS Page INTRODUCTORY NOTE... 1 PART I. PROCEDURAL AND NON-PROCEDURAL
More informationDurham E-Theses. Peacekeeping in Western Sahara The Role of the UN OUADDANE, ADAM
Durham E-Theses Peacekeeping in Western Sahara The Role of the UN OUADDANE, ADAM How to cite: OUADDANE, ADAM (2017) Peacekeeping in Western Sahara The Role of the UN, Durham theses, Durham University.
More informationGA. J. INT'L & COMP. L. [Voi.26:81
Sean Murphy* One of the disadvantages of speaking at the end of a panel is not just that the time runs out on you, but that all of your best lines have already been taken. Raymond Sommereyns began his
More informationGlobal Human Rights Challenges and Solutions PEACEKEEPING, HUMANITARIAN INTERVENTION AND RESPONSIBILITY TO PROTECT
Global Human Rights Challenges and Solutions PEACEKEEPING, HUMANITARIAN INTERVENTION AND RESPONSIBILITY TO PROTECT United Nations and armed conflict preventing war Chapter VII UN Charter Art.2(4) All Members
More informationWorld Refugee Survey, 2001
World Refugee Survey, 2001 Refugees in Africa: 3,346,000 "Host" Country Home Country of Refugees Number ALGERIA Western Sahara, Palestinians 85,000 ANGOLA Congo-Kinshasa 12,000 BENIN Togo, Other 4,000
More informationInstances for which the United Nations is entitled to restitution as the result of non-compliance with status-of-forces or other agreements
United Nations General Assembly Distr.: General 23 January 2002 Original: English A/56/789 Fifty-sixth session Agenda item 133 Administrative and budgetary aspects of the financing of the United Nations
More informationINDONESIA CANDIDATE FOR THE UNITED NATIONS SECURITY COUNCIL
INDONESIA CANDIDATE FOR THE UNITED NATIONS SECURITY COUNCIL 2019-2020 @Portal_Kemlu_RI facebook.com/kemlu.ri @kemlu_ri unsc.kemlu.go.id "Indonesia... stands ready to play a global role as a positive force
More informationUnited Nations Peacekeeping: Issues for Congress
Order Code RL33700 United Nations Peacekeeping: Issues for Congress Updated July 7, 2008 Marjorie Ann Browne Specialist in International Relations Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division United Nations
More informationMOTIVES FOR PARTICIPATION IN UN PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS: THE CASE OF THE CZECH REPUBLIC
MOTIVES FOR PARTICIPATION IN UN PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS: THE CASE OF THE CZECH REPUBLIC Jana Urbanovská, Ph.D. Assistant Professor Department of International Relations and European Studies Masaryk University
More information49. Items relating to the role of regional and subregional organizations in the maintenance of international peace and security
49. Items relating to the role of regional and subregional organizations in the maintenance of international peace and security A. Cooperation between the United Nations and regional organizations in stabilization
More informationUnited Nations Peacekeeping: Issues for Congress
Order Code RL33700 United Nations Peacekeeping: Issues for Congress Updated January 30, 2008 Marjorie Ann Browne Specialist in International Relations Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division United
More informationWhy Peacekeeping Fails. Dennis C. Jett
Why Peacekeeping Fails Dennis C. Jett For Lynda whose inspiration and support made this possible. WHY PEACEKEEPING FAILS Copyright Dennis C. Jett, 1999. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be
More informationTHE PRICE OF PEACE: A QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF ECONOMIC INTERESTS AND CHINA S INVOLVEMENT IN UNITED NATIONS PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS
THE PRICE OF PEACE: A QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF ECONOMIC INTERESTS AND CHINA S INVOLVEMENT IN UNITED NATIONS PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Arts and
More informationTwenty Years of UN Peacekeeping: Lessons Learned?
Twenty Years of UN Peacekeeping: Lessons Learned? William Durch, Senior Associate, Stimson Center, Prepared for the NDIA conference on Security, Stabilization, Transition and Reconstruction Operations,
More informationCzech Republic Development Cooperation in 2014
Czech Republic Development Cooperation in 2014 Development cooperation is an important part of the foreign policy of the Czech Republic aimed at contributing to the eradication of poverty in the context
More informationEnver Hasani REVIEWING THE INTERNATIONAL ADMINISTRATION OF KOSOVO. Introduction
Enver Hasani REVIEWING THE INTERNATIONAL ADMINISTRATION OF KOSOVO Introduction The changing nature of the conflicts and crises in the aftermath of the Cold War, in addition to the transformation of the
More informationZiMUN 2017 General Assembly Research Report
Forum: Issue: Increasing Involvement between SADC and ASEAN Blocks Student officer: Ryan Patrick Sylvester Position: Deputy President Chair Introduction ASEAN is an organisation created in the 1960s in
More informationUnited Nations Peacekeeping: Issues for Congress
Order Code RL33700 United Nations Peacekeeping: Issues for Congress Updated August 5, 2008 Marjorie Ann Browne Specialist in International Relations Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division United
More informationReform of the UN Security Council
Reform of the UN Security Council Why Japan should become a permanent member March 2005 Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Japan The Security Council Needs Reform Why & How? Since the UN s establishment in 1945,
More informationSummary statement by the Secretary-General on matters of which the Security Council is seized and on the stage reached in their consideration
United Nations S/2011110 Security Council Distr.: General xx January 2011 Original: English Summary statement by the Secretary-General on matters of which the Security Council is seized and on the stage
More informationCHA. AideMemoire. For the Consideration of Issues Pertaining to the Protection of Civilians
CHA AideMemoire For the Consideration of Issues Pertaining to the Protection of Civilians Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs Policy Development and Studies Branch New York, 2004 Aide Memoire
More informationPROVIDING FOR PEACEKEEPING NO. 16 PAUL D. WILLIAMS AND THONG NGUYEN
APRIL 2018 Neighborhood Dynamics in UN Peacekeeping Operations, 1990 2017 PROVIDING FOR PEACEKEEPING NO. 16 PAUL D. WILLIAMS AND THONG NGUYEN Cover Photo: Members of the Chadian contingent of the UN Multidimensional
More informationPOST-CONFLICT OPERATIONS A COOPERATIVE EFFORT Lucian ISPAS, Aurelian RATIU, Mihai-Marcel NEAG
International Conference KNOWLEDGE-BASED ORGANIZATION Vol. XXI No 1 2015 POST-CONFLICT OPERATIONS A COOPERATIVE EFFORT Lucian ISPAS, Aurelian RATIU, Mihai-Marcel NEAG Nicolae Bălcescu Land Forces Academy,
More informationSpain and the UN Security Council: global governance, human rights and democratic values
Spain and the UN Security Council: global governance, human rights and democratic values Jessica Almqvist Senior Research Fellow, Elcano Royal Institute @rielcano In January 2015 Spain assumed its position
More informationTable of Contents. Text of Article 98. Introductory Note
1 REPERTORY OF PRACTICE OF UNITED NATIONS ORGANS SUPPLEMENT NO. 10 (2000 2009) VOLUME VI ARTICLE 98 (Advanced version, to be issued in volume VI of Supplement No. 10 (forthcoming) of the Repertory of Practice
More informationFatality Trends in United Nations Peacekeeping Operations, JAMA. 2000;284:
ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTION Fatality Trends in United Nations eacekeeping Operations, 1948-1998 Benjamin Seet, FRCS, MH Gilbert M. Burnham, MD, hd WHEN UNITED NATIONS (UN) eacekeeping Operations was awarded
More informationBackground on International Organizations
Background on International Organizations The United Nations (UN) The United Nations is an international organization founded in 1945. It is currently made up of 193 Member States. The mission and work
More information4 WORLD REFUGEE OVERVIEW 6 WHO DOES UNHCR HELP AND HOW? 8 REFUGEES 9 RETURNEES 10 ASYLUM SEEKERS
2 0 0 1 E D I T I O N Cover: Refugees from Kosovo arrive at the Blace frontier post in the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia. 4 WORLD REFUGEE OVERVIEW 6 WHO DOES UNHCR HELP AND HOW? 8 REFUGEES 9 RETURNEES
More informationWhat is Peace? What is peace? An agreement? The absence of violence? Co-existence? Security? Justice? Prosperity? Right relationships?
What is Peace? What is peace? An agreement? The absence of violence? Co-existence? Security? Justice? Prosperity? Right relationships? What does it mean to achieve peace? Negative vs. positive peace How
More informationI N T R O D U C T I O N
REFUGEES by numbers 2002 I N T R O D U C T I O N At the start of 2002 the number of people of concern to UNHCR was 19.8 million roughly one out of every 300 persons on Earth compared with 21.8 million
More informationDevelopment Cooperation
Development Cooperation Development is much more than the transition from poverty to wealth. Certainly economic improvement is one goal, but equally important are the enhancement of human dignity and security,
More informationChapter XI. Consideration of the provisions of Chapter VII of the Charter
Chapter XI Consideration of the provisions of Chapter VII of the Charter 1093 Contents Introductory note............................................................... 1095 Part I. Determination of a threat
More informationINDEX OF ABREVEATIONS
INDEX OF ABREVEATIONS AAF ADB ACBAR ARC BMLVS CARE CDA CEMAC CI CIMIC CPI CRO DFID DPKO EU EUFOR EULEX Austrian Armed Forces Austrian Defence Budget Agency Coordination Body for Afghan Relief Austrian
More informationIPSHU Research Report Series No. 31. Mari KATAYANAGI. Professor, Graduate School for International Development and Cooperation, Hiroshima University
Challenges Cambodian of Inclusivity Experience in Post-Conflict and Mindanao s Peacebuilding: future Mari KATAYANAGI Professor, Graduate School for International Development and Cooperation, Hiroshima
More informationOpening Presentation: Peace Operations: A Dynamic Concept
Opening Presentation: Peace Operations: A Dynamic Concept Prof. Erwin A. SCHMIDL, Senior Researcher, Austrian Defense Academy There can be little doubt that peace operations (as they are usually called
More informationImmunities of United Nations Peacekeepers in the Absence of a Status of Forces Agreement. William Thomas Worster
Immunities of United Nations Peacekeepers in the Absence of a Status of Forces Agreement William Thomas Worster Immunities of UN Peacekeepers in the Absence of a SOFA No SOFA need to act quickly, the inability
More informationRefugee and Disaster Definitions. Gilbert Burnham, MD, PhD Bloomberg School of Public Health
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike License. Your use of this material constitutes acceptance of that license and the conditions of use of materials on this
More informationCroatian Civil Capacities for Peace Missions and Operations
Croatian Civil Capacities for Peace Missions and Operations Gordan Bosanac Center for Peace Studies Summary This policy brief provides an overview of the current Croatian policies as well as a legal and
More informationMeeting our Commitment to Democracy and Human Rights An Analysis of the U.S. Congressional FY2008 Appropriation
Meeting our Commitment to Democracy and Human Rights An Analysis of the U.S. Congressional FY2008 Appropriation May 2008 www.freedomhouse.org Meeting our Commitment to Democracy and Human Rights An Analysis
More informationG8 MIYAZAKI INITIATIVES FOR CONFLICT PREVENTION I. EFFORTS FOR CONFLICT PREVENTION -- A BASIC CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK --
G8 MIYAZAKI INITIATIVES FOR CONFLICT PREVENTION I. EFFORTS FOR CONFLICT PREVENTION -- A BASIC CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK -- The G8 Heads of State and Government announced last June in Cologne, and we, Foreign
More informationMontessori Model United Nations. Distr.: Upper Elementary Eleventh Session XX September 2016
Montessori Model United Nations A/C.4/11/BG-56 General Assembly Distr.: Upper Elementary Eleventh Session XX September 2016 Original: English Fourth Committee Special Political and Decolonization Committee
More informationList of Qualifying Operational Service
List of Qualifying Operational Service The list of Qualifying Operational Service as of 9 April 2018. Deployment or location Worldwide 4/8/1914 to 10/1/1920 Austria 11/1/1920 to 16/7/1920 Bulgaria 11/1/1920
More informationBank Guidance. Thresholds for procurement. approaches and methods by country. Bank Access to Information Policy Designation Public
Bank Guidance Thresholds for procurement approaches and methods by country Bank Access to Information Policy Designation Public Catalogue Number OPSPF5.05-GUID.48 Issued Effective July, 206 Retired August
More informationThe National Police Immigration Service (NPIS) forcibly returned 412 persons in December 2017, and 166 of these were convicted offenders.
Monthly statistics December 2017: Forced returns from Norway The National Police Immigration Service (NPIS) forcibly returned 412 persons in December 2017, and 166 of these were convicted offenders. The
More informationPEACE OPERATIONS AS AN INTEGRATED PART OF THE UN STRATEGY FOR A MORE SECURE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY
PEACE OPERATIONS AS AN INTEGRATED PART OF THE UN STRATEGY FOR A MORE SECURE TWENTYFIRST CENTURY Vladimir Petrovsky Under SecretaryGeneral of the United Nations, and DirectorGeneral of the United Nations
More informationWhither peacekeeping in Africa: Revisiting the evolving role of the United Nations
Theo Neethling is a Professor of Political Science in the Faculty of Military Science (Military Academy), Stellenbosch University, South Africa Whither peacekeeping in Africa: Revisiting the evolving role
More informationEmbassies and Travel Documents Overview
Embassies and Travel Documents Overview Possible to obtain passport? Minimum processing time Adults with ID embassy turnaround times Adults who need to obtain ID / prove identity embassy turnaround times
More informationNOT ALL CRISES ARE CREATED EQUAL
NOT ALL CRISES ARE CREATED EQUAL US Humanitarian Intervention in the 1990s By: Rachel McGrath Senior Honors Thesis Department of Political Science University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 2 April 2018
More informationSocialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya General People's Committee for Foreign Liaison and International Cooperation.
Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya General People's Committee for Foreign Liaison and International Cooperation Statement By H.E. Mr. Abdurrahman M. Shalgam Secretary of the General People's Committee
More informationPreventive Diplomacy, Crisis Management and Conflict Resolution
Preventive Diplomacy, Crisis Management and Conflict Resolution Lothar Rühl "Preventive Diplomacy" has become a political program both for the UN and the CSCE during 1992. In his "Agenda for Peace", submitted
More informationSpecial measures for protection from sexual exploitation and sexual abuse
United Nations A/62/890 General Assembly Distr.: General 25 June 2008 Original: English Sixty-second session Agenda items 133 and 140 Human resources management Administrative and budgetary aspects of
More informationUN Peacekeeping Overview & U.S. Support
INTERNATIONAL DIPLOMACY & PUBLIC POLICY CENTER UN Peacekeeping Overview & U.S. Support by Thomas W. Jacobson President, International Diplomacy & Public Policy Center Visiting Fellow for, and brief published
More informationDuring the 1990s, words that had practically disappeared from. International Interventions and Imperialism: Lessons from the 1990s
SAIS Review vol. XXIII no. 2 (Summer Fall 2003) International Interventions and Imperialism: Lessons from the 1990s Marina Ottaway and Bethany Lacina The increasing frequency and changing nature of UN
More informationCICP Policy Brief No. 8
CICP Policy Briefs are intended to provide a rather in depth analysis of domestic and regional issues relevant to Cambodia. The views of the authors are their own and do not represent the official position
More informationChapter V. Subsidiary organs of the Security Council
Chapter V Subsidiary organs of the Security Council 163 Contents Introductory note................................................................ 165 Part I. Subsidiary organs of the Security Council
More informationGoverning Body Geneva, November 2007 LILS FOR DECISION. The campaign for the ratification of the 1997 Instrument of Amendment to the ILO Constitution
INTERNATIONAL LABOUR OFFICE GB.300/LILS/2 300th Session Governing Body Geneva, November 2007 Committee on Legal Issues and International Labour Standards LILS FOR DECISION SECOND ITEM ON THE AGENDA The
More informationOfficial development assistance of the Czech Republic (mil. USD) (according to the OECD DAC Statistical Reporting )
Official development assistance of the Czech Republic (mil. USD) (according to the OECD DAC Statistical Reporting ) Column1 ODA Total 219,63 210,88 212,15 199,00 I.A Bilateral ODA 66,44 57,04 62,57 70,10
More informationCOMMISSION ON HUMAN RIGHTS
E/1999/23 E/CN.4/1999/167 COMMISSION ON HUMAN RIGHTS REPORT ON THE FIFTY-FIFTH SESSION (22 March - 30 April 1999) ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COUNCIL OFFICIAL RECORDS, 1999 SUPPLEMENT No. 3 UNITED NATIONS E/1999/23
More informationRequired Reading for this Unit: Geopolitics. The Nation State. What is Geopolitics?
2 Required Reading for this Unit: A Sure Path to Conflict? 3 4 What is? The interplay (relationship) between geography and politics on either a national or international level. The Nation State Independent
More informationCanada and Re-engaging United Nations Peacekeeping. A Critical Examination.
Canada and Re-engaging United Nations Peacekeeping. A Critical Examination. by Daria Goncharova A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies of the University of Manitoba in partial fulfillment
More informationTENTATIVE FORECAST OF THE PROGRAMME OF WORK OF THE SECURITY COUNCIL FOR THE MONTH OF JUNE For information only/not an official document
29 May 2009 TENTATIVE FORECAST OF THE PROGRAMME OF WORK OF THE SECURITY COUNCIL FOR THE MONTH OF JUNE 2009 For information only/not an official document This tentative forecast of the programme of work
More informationUNHCR, United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
States Parties to the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and the 1967 Protocol Date of entry into force: 22 April 1954 (Convention) 4 October 1967 (Protocol) As of 1 February 2004 Total
More informationStrategic Summary 1. Richard Gowan
Strategic Summary 1 Richard Gowan 1 2 Review of Political Missions 2010 1.1 S t r a t e g i c S u m m a r y Strategic Summary Overviews of international engagement in conflict-affected states typically
More informationASYLUM STATISTICS MONTHLY REPORT
ASYLUM STATISTICS MONTHLY REPORT JANUARY 2016 January 2016: asylum statistics refer to the number of persons instead of asylum cases Until the end of 2015, the statistics published by the CGRS referred
More informationResponding to conflict in Africa Mark Bowden February 2001
Responding to conflict in Africa Mark Bowden February 2001 1. In 1990, the Secretary General of the OAU presented a report to the OAU council of Ministers on the changes taking place in the world and their
More informationDECLARATION ON TRANSATLANTIC RELATIONS *
Original: English NATO Parliamentary Assembly DECLARATION ON TRANSATLANTIC RELATIONS * www.nato-pa.int May 2014 * Presented by the Standing Committee and adopted by the Plenary Assembly on Friday 30 May
More informationAUSTRALIA S REFUGEE RESPONSE NOT THE MOST GENEROUS BUT IN TOP 25
19 July 2013 AUSTRALIA S REFUGEE RESPONSE NOT THE MOST GENEROUS BUT IN TOP 25 Australia is not the world s most generous country in its response to refugees but is just inside the top 25, according to
More informationSummary of AG-065 International Conference on the Former Yugoslavia (ICFY) ( )
Summary of AG-065 International Conference on the Former Yugoslavia (ICFY) (1992-1993) Title International Conference on the Former Yugoslavia (ICFY) (1992-1993) Active Dates 1990-1996 Administrative History
More informationHistory of Japan s International Peace Cooperation. Paths to Peace. Secretariat of the International Peace Cooperation Headquarters, Cabinet Office
History of Japan s International Peace Cooperation Paths to Peace Secretariat of the International Peace Cooperation Headquarters, Cabinet Office Overview In order to play a more active role for international
More information=======================================================================
[Federal Register Volume 74, Number 178 (Wednesday, September 16, 2009)] [Notices] [Pages 47618-47619] From the Federal Register Online via the Government Printing Office [www.gpo.gov] [FR Doc No: E9-22306]
More informationReport on Countries That Are Candidates for Millennium Challenge Account Eligibility in Fiscal
This document is scheduled to be published in the Federal Register on 09/01/2017 and available online at https://federalregister.gov/d/2017-18657, and on FDsys.gov BILLING CODE: 921103 MILLENNIUM CHALLENGE
More informationFragile situations, conflict and victim assistance
Fragile situations, conflict and victim assistance May 2016 Victim assistance continues to be an essential commitment for mine survivors, their families, and communities in fragile and conflict-affected
More informationAdopted by the Security Council at its 4918th meeting, on 27 February 2004
United Nations S/RES/1528 (2004) Security Council Distr.: General 27 February 2004 04-25320 (E) *0425320* Resolution 1528 (2004) Adopted by the Security Council at its 4918th meeting, on 27 February 2004
More informationDeclaration on the Principles Guiding Relations Among the CICA Member States. Almaty, September 14, 1999
Declaration on the Principles Guiding Relations Among the CICA Member States Almaty, September 14, 1999 The Member States of the Conference on Interaction and Confidence-Building Measures in Asia, Reaffirming
More informationHIGH COMMISSIONER S PROGRAMME 14 January 1999 THE SECURITY, AND CIVILIAN AND HUMANITARIAN CHARACTER OF REFUGEE CAMPS AND SETTLEMENTS I.
EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE OF THE EC/49/SC/INF.2 HIGH COMMISSIONER S PROGRAMME 14 January 1999 STANDING COMMITTEE 14th meeting ENGLISH ONLY THE SECURITY, AND CIVILIAN AND HUMANITARIAN CHARACTER OF REFUGEE CAMPS
More informationContemporary Challenges for Post-conflict Governance and Civilian Crisis Management
Contemporary Challenges for Post-conflict Governance and Civilian Crisis Management - A Study of the Protection of Minority Groups and the Re-building of the Judiciary in Post-conflict Societies Åbo Akademi
More informationTranslation from Norwegian
Statistics for May 2018 Forced returns from Norway The National Police Immigration Service (NPIS) forcibly returned 402 persons in May 2018, and 156 of these were convicted offenders. The NPIS is responsible
More informationTo show the range of peace and security activities undertaken by the UN.
L e s s o n 1. 2 Peace and Security Activities Lesson at a Glance Aim To show the range of peace and security activities undertaken by the UN. Relevance Peacekeeping personnel need to be able to place
More informationIn September 2005, the United Nations (UN) World Summit in New York brought together
The United Nations Peacebuilding Commission: origins and initial practice Richard PONZIO In September 2005, the United Nations (UN) World Summit in New York brought together representatives from more than
More informationUnderstanding the Challenge of Protracted Refugee Situations i. James Milner Carleton University
Understanding the Challenge of Protracted Refugee Situations i James Milner Carleton University James_Milner@carleton.ca What is a protracted refugee situation? More than two-thirds of refugees in the
More informationSino-African Relations at a New Stage of Development
Sino-African Relations at a New Stage of Development Zeng Qiang, Research Prof. CICIR Since the introduction of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (FOCAC) in 2000, China-Africa relations have entered
More informationA Call to Action to End Forced Labour, Modern Slavery and Human Trafficking
A Call to Action to End Forced Labour, Modern Slavery and Human Trafficking This Call to Action 1 was launched on the 19 th September 2017 during the 72 nd Meeting of the UN General Assembly. It has been
More informationStakeholders of Post-Conflict Reconstruction
Stakeholders of Post-Conflict Reconstruction Local Institutions Civil Society World Bank IMF Local Government Stakeholders Foreign Troops Donor States International Organizations Private Sector 1 Definitions
More informationASYLUM STATISTICS JANUARY Date of publication: 10 February 2014 Contact: Tine Van Valckenborgh
ASYLUM STATISTICS JANUARY 2014 Date of publication: 10 February 2014 Contact: Tine Van Valckenborgh tine.vanvalckenborgh@ibz.fgov.be 02 205 50 56 TABLE I. Asylum figures in 2014... 2 II. Asylum applications
More informationCUSTOMS AND EXCISE ACT, AMENDMENT OF SCHEDULE NO. 2 (NO. 2/3/5)
Government Gazette No. 41038 No. R.829 CUSTOMS AND EXCISE ACT, 1964. AMENDMENT OF SCHEDULE NO. 2 (NO. 2/3/5) Date: 2017-08-11 In terms of section 57 of the Customs and Excise Act, 1964, Part 3 of Schedule
More informationASEAN. Overview ASSOCIATION OF SOUTHEAST ASIAN NATIONS
ASEAN Overview ASSOCIATION OF SOUTHEAST ASIAN NATIONS "Today, ASEAN is not only a well-functioning, indispensable reality in the region. It is a real force to be reckoned with far beyond the region. It
More information2017 Annual Report on the implementation of the Mine Action Strategy of the Swiss Confederation
Federal Department of Foreign Affairs (FDFA) Federal Department of Defence, Civil Protection and Sport (DDPS) 2017 Annual Report on the implementation of the Mine Action Strategy of the Swiss Confederation
More informationThe National Police Immigration Service (NPIS) forcibly returned 375 persons in March 2018, and 136 of these were convicted offenders.
Statistics March 2018: Forced returns from Norway The National Police Immigration Service (NPIS) forcibly returned 375 persons in March 2018, and 136 of these were convicted offenders. The NPIS is responsible
More informationTroubled states lack either the capacity
C H A P T E R F I F T E E N Troubled States: How Troubling, How Manageable? Troubled states lack either the capacity or intention to fulfill the basic needs of a substantial element of their population,
More informationThe EU and Russia: our joint political challenge
The EU and Russia: our joint political challenge Speech by Peter Mandelson Bologna, 20 April 2007 Summary In this speech, EU Trade Commissioner Peter Mandelson argues that the EU-Russia relationship contains
More information