LEGAL ASPECTS OF ECONOMIC INTEGRATION IN AFRICA
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1 LEGAL ASPECTS OF ECONOMIC INTEGRATION IN AFRICA RICHARD FRIMPONG OPPONG CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS
2 List of tables Acknowledgements Table of treaties Table of cases (international/regional courts) Table of cases (national courts) List of abbreviations page xi xii xiii xviii xxiii xxviii Introduction 1 Africa's economic integration - an introductory overview Introduction Relational issues and Africa's integration Selected RECs - an overview African Economic Community Economic Community of West African States The Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa East African Community Southern African Development Community Socio-economic matrix of Africa's economic integration Conclusion 29 Legal framework for managing relational issues Introduction Relational issues, public and private international law Economic community as a legal system Relational principles and mechanisms for economic integration Community autonomy as the foundation of relations Direct applicability of community law Direct effect of community law Supremacy of community law Preliminary reference procedure Individuals' participation and standing 51 vil
3 Vlll CONTENTS Inter-system jurisprudential communication Interpretive and adjudicative relational principles Recognition and enforcement of foreign normative acts Relational principles - features and importance of context Conclusion 62 3 The AU, AEC and regional economic communities Introduction Existing regulatory legal framework Inter-community relational issues Legal status of AEC within the AU and RECs Future merger of the regional economic communities Conflict of laws and jurisdictions Multiple membership and inter-community relations Conclusion 81 4 Community-state relations in Africa's economic integration Introduction Legal status of the AEC AEC as a legal system AEC and member states' sovereignty Supremacy of AEC law Response of national courts Political reaction Harmonization of law Differences in national laws Paths to harmonization of laws Conclusion Relational issues before the community courts Introduction Organization and jurisdiction Structure of the community courts Subject-matter jurisdiction Standing and preconditions Emerging jurisprudence Mwatcla v. East Africa Community Anyang' Nyong'o v. AG of the Republic of Kenya (I and II) Eastern and Southern African Trade and Development Batik v. Ogang Olajide Afolabi v. Federal Republic of Nigeria Mike Campbell v. Republic of Zimbabwe 139
4 IX 5.4 Community courts' jurisprudence and economic integration Role of individuals Role of national courts Role of public international law Sovereignty and inter-institutional relational problems Conclusion 164 AU/AEC institutions and the enforcement of community law Introduction Institutions for the enforcement of AEC law Executive institutions Pan-African Parliament African Court of Justice AU institutions doubling as AEC institutions Looking beyond institutions Conclusion 186 Implementing community law in African states Introduction Community treaties and community law implementation Direct applicability of community law Direct effect of community law Automatically enforceable' community law Protecting implemented community laws National laws and community law implementation National constitutions and community law National judicial philosophy and community law National legal culture and community law Conclusion 227 Inter-institutional relations: public-private international law dimensions Introduction Inter-institutional relational issues Arbitration in community courts jurisdiction, choice of law and enforcement Enforcing judgments of community courts by national courts Using national courts to enforce community judgments challenges Conflict of jurisdiction between community courts Judicial cooperation between community and national courts 259
5 8.3 Model legislation on community judgments enforcement and judicial cooperation Enforcement of Community Judgments Act Judicial Cooperation with Community Courts Act Conclusion Interstate relations, economic transactions and private international law Introduction Function of private international law in communities Measuring strength of interstate legal relations in Africa Through a private international law lens Through a comparative law lens Private international law and economic transactions History and relevance Enforcement of foreign judgments Developing a private international law regime to aid integration State of existing regime Role of various constituencies Need for continental and international engagement Values to inform Africa's private international law regime Conclusion Conclusion The current state of affairs Moving forward 318 Bibliography 320 Index 346
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