CONTENTS GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION OF THE STATE 2.2 KASHMIR PRIOR TO THE REIGN OF GULAB SINGH 2.3 THE ADVENT OF MAHARAJA GULAB SINGH

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1 CONTENTS SUPERVISOR'S CERTIFICATE PREFACE ACKNOWLEDGEMENT CONTENTS TABLE OF CASES ABBREVIATIONS Page CHAPTER 1 -INTRODUCTION NEED FOR RESEARCH ON ARTICLE 370 OF THE CONSTITUTION CHAPTER 2- A SHORT HISTORY OF THE STATE OF JAMMU AND KASHMIR GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION OF THE STATE 2.2 KASHMIR PRIOR TO THE REIGN OF GULAB SINGH 2.3 THE ADVENT OF MAHARAJA GULAB SINGH 2.4 THE REIGN OF MAHARAJA RANBIR SINGH 2.5 THE REIGN OF MAHARAJA PRATAP SINGH 2.6 THE REIGN OF MAHARAJA HARI SINGH 2.7 THE GLANCY COMMISSION AND REGULATION NO 1 OF THE MUSLIM CONFERENCE AND.A DEMAND FOR 'RESPONSIBLE GOVERNMENT' 2.9 BIRTH OF THE IDEA OF PAKISTAN AND THE INCLUSION OF KASHMIR WITHIN HER FOLD

2 CHAPTER 3- EVENTS LEADING TO THE DRAFTING OF THE CONSTITUTION OF JAMMU & KASHMIR THE BEGINNING OF A NEW ERA IN THE HISTORY OF THE STATE OF JAMMU & KASHMIR 3.2 BIRTH OF THE NATIONAL CONFERENCE AND THE JAMMU AND KASHMIR CONSTITUTION ACT GROWTH OF THE NATIONAL CONFERENCE AND THE'NEW KASHMIR' MOVEMENT 3.4 THE 'QUIT KASHMIR' MOVEMENT 3.5 THE CABINET MISSION PLAN FOR TRANSFER OF POWER 3.7 ACCESSION OF THE STATE OF JAMMU AND KASHMIR 3.8 UNITED NATIONS ON THE ACCESSION OF KASHMIR CHAPTER 4- ARTICLE 370 OF THE CONSTITUTION OF INDIA AND THE CONSTITUTION OF JAMMU AND KASHMIR FRAMING OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE STATE OF JAMMU AND KASHMIR AND THE UNION OF INDIA 4.3 MAJOR CONSTITUTIONAL ACTS AND ORDERS PRIOR TO THE FRAMING OF THE CONSTITUTION OF JAMMU AND KASHMIR 4.4 FRAMING OF THE CONSTITUTION OF JAMMU AND KASHMIR 4.5 FEATURES OF THE CONSTITUTION OF JAMMU AND KASHMIR

3 4.6 INDO-PAKISTAN DIALOGUE ON KASHMIR 4.7 POSITION OF PAKISTAN OCCUPIED KASHMIR 4.8 POLITICAL TREND IN THE STATE OF JAMMU AND KASHMIR CHAPTER 5- STATUS OF THE PERMANENT RESIDENTS OF KASHMIR 5.1 KOSHURS - THE PEOPLE OF KASHMIR 5.2 IDSTORY OF THE PEOPLE OF KASHMIR: A IDSTORY OF OPPRESSION 5.3 STATUS OF THE PERMANENT RESIDENTS PRIOR TO ACCESSION 5.4 RIGHTS OF THE PERMANENT RESIDENTS AFTER ACCESSION 5.5 DUAL CITIZENSIDP IN CASE OF THE PERMANENT RESIDENTS 5.6 APPLICABILITY OF FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS TO THE PERMANENT RESIDENTS 5.7 NEED FOR PROTECTION OF THE RIGHTS OF THE PERMANENT RESIDENTS CHAPTER 6- POSITION OF THE CONSTITUTION OF INDIA SALIENT FEATURES OF THE CONSTITUTION OF INDIA BASIC STRUCTURE OF THE CONSTITUTION AND ITS AMENDMENT 6.3 CENTRE-STATE RELATIONS UNDER THE 6.4 REPORTS ON CENTER-STATE RELATIONSIDP

4 6.5 El\1ERGENCY PROVISIONS UNDER THE 6.6 SUPREMACY OF THE CHAPTER 7- JUDICIAL VIEW REGARDING KASHMIR JUDICIAL OPINION 7.2 CHANGE OF SOVEREINGTY AND ACTS OF STATE 7.3 ARTICLE 3(C) OF THE 7.4 ARTICLE 370 OF THE 7.5 CITIZENSHIP AND PERMANENT RESIDENTS 7.6 RIGHT TO HOLD A PLEBISCITE CHAPTER 8- PUBLIC OPINION NEED FOR PUBLIC OPINION 8.2 PUBLIC OPINION OF THE STATE OF JAMNfU AND KASHMIR 8.3 PUBLIC OPINION OF THE REST OF INDIA 8.4 POSITION OF TIBET, BANGLADESH AND SRI LANKA 8.5 SYNOPSIS OF FINDINGS

5 CHAPTER 9 - SHOULD JAMMU AND KASHMIR HAVE A SEPARATE CONSTITUTION? ALTERNATIVES REGARDING THE FUTURE OF KASHMIR 9.2 ABROGATION OF ARTICLE 370 OF THE 9.3 PRE-1953 STATUS AND MAXIMUM AUTONOMY 9.4 TRIFURCATION OF KASHMIR 9.5 SEMI-SOVEREIGN STATUS WITH PARTIAL CONTROL BY INDIA AND PAKISTAN 9.6 INDEPENDENCE OF KASHMIR 9.7 OTHER ALTERNATIVES 9.8 RETENTION OF ARTICLE 370 OF THE CHAPTER 10- CONCLUSION RIGHT TO INDEPENDENCE AND RIGHT TO HOLD A PLEBISCITE 10.2 STEPS TO BE TAKEN BY THE GOVERNMENT OF INDIA 10.3 EVEN DISTRIBUTION OF SPECIAL STATUS

6 APPENDICES APPENDIX I: APPENDIX II: APPENDIX III:. APPENDIX IV: APPENDIX V: APPENDIX VI: APPENDIX VII: APPENDIX VIII: APPENDIX IX: APPENDIX X: APPENDIX XI: APPENDIX XII: APPENDIX XIII: APPENDIX XIV: TREATY OF AMRITSAR 1846 TREATY OF LAHORE 1847 STATE SUBJECT DEFINITION: NOTIFICATION DATED APRIL THE JAMMU AND KASHMIR CONSTITUTION ACT 1996 (1939 AD) INSTRUMENT OF ACCESSION OF JAMMU AND KASHMIR STATE RESOLUTION ADOPTED AT THE 229m MEETING OF THE SECURITY COUNCIL 17TH JANUARY 1948 (S/651) U.N.C.LP. RESOLUTION OF AUGUST 13, 1948 (S/1100, PARA 75) U.N.C.I.P. RESOLUTION OF JANUARY 5, 1949 (S/1430, PARA 143) THE DELHI AGREEMENT 1952 THE CONSTITUTION (APPLICATION TO JAMMU AND KASHMIR) ORDER 1954 THE CONSTITUTION OF JAMMU AND KASHMIR 1957 TASHKENT DECLARETION JANUARY 10, 1966 SIMLA AGREEMENT 1972 KASHMIR ACCORD NOVEMBER 13, 1974 BIBLIOGRAPHY

STATUS OF THE PERMANENT RESIDENTS OF KASHMIR

STATUS OF THE PERMANENT RESIDENTS OF KASHMIR CHAPTERS: STATUS OF THE PERMANENT RESIDENTS OF KASHMIR 5. KOSHURS- THE PEOPLE OF KASHMIR The people of Jammu and Kashmir, better known as Koshurs, are also