6.1 Explain the police mission in democratic societies (Basic Purposes of Policing) Investigate crimes/apprehend offenders

Transcription

1 6.1 Explain the police mission in democratic societies (Basic Purposes of Policing) Enforce and support the laws Investigate crimes/apprehend offenders Prevent crime Ensure domestic peace and tranquility Provide the community with enforcement related services 1

2 Enforcing the Law Only about 10 20% of all calls to the police require a law enforcement response. Police cannot enforce all of the laws. Resources are limited. Law enforcement priorities are significantly affected by community needs. Individual discretion also impacts them. Police are expected to support the laws they enforce. 2

3 Apprehending Offenders Offenders may be apprehended: While committing a crime Shortly after committing a crime After an extensive investigation 3

4 Preventing Crime Crime prevention is proactive. It aims to: Reduce crime and criminal opportunities Lower the rewards of crime Lessen the fear of crime Law enforcement s ability to prevent crimes relies in part on their ability to predict crime. Determining when and where crimes will occur Allocating resources accordingly Crime mapping, as with CompStat, helps 4

5 Preserving the Peace Law enforcement do a number of activities to help ensure domestic peace and tranquility. Officers may focus on quality of life offenses, acts that create physical disorder or reflect social decay or that could lead to further deterioration (broken windows theory). Examples: Vandalism, excessive noise. 5

6 Providing Services About 70% of the millions of daily calls are directed to the police. Police handle emergency and non emergency calls, such as: Barking dogs Lost and found items Minor accidents 6

7 Operational Strategies There are five core operational strategies, each with unique features: > Preventive patrol > Routine incident response > Emergency response > Criminal investigation > Problem solving Additionally, there is an ancillary operational strategy: support services. 7

8 Preventive Patrol The dominant operational policy strategy is preventive patrol, which place uniformed officers on the street in the midst of the public. The backbone of police work. It consumes most of the resources of local and state level agencies 8

9 Emergency Response Emergency responses (or critical incidents) occur in response to crimes in progress, serious injuries, natural disasters, and other situations in which human lives may be in jeopardy. 9

10 Criminal Investigation Criminal investigations dominate media attention but constitute a relatively small proportion of police work. An investigation involves discovering, collecting, preparing, identifying, and presenting evidence to determine what happened and who is responsible. First responding officers: > Provide assistance to the injured and in capturing suspects. > Secure the crime scene. > Conduct the preliminary investigation. Follow up investigations are based on solvability factors. 10

11 Problem Solving Historically, it is the least well developed by the police profession. The methodology is known by acronyms such as SARA or CAPRA. Problem solving policing requires: > Gathering knowledge of problem causes > Developing solutions in partnership with the community > Responding with a workable plan > Assessing the progress 11

12 Support Services Support services are ancillary services such as dispatch, training, personnel, property control, and record keeping that keep agencies running. 12

13 6.3 Summarize the typical organizational structure of a police department Managing Police Departments Police Organization and Structure Chain of Command Policing Styles 1. Political Era 2. Reform Era 3. Community Era 4. The New Era 13

14 Managing Police Departments Police management refers to the administrative activities of controlling, directing, and coordinating police personnel, resources, and activities in order to: Prevent crime Apprehend criminals Recover stolen property Perform regulatory and helping services 14

15 Police Organization and Structure Line Operations Field activities or supervisory activities directly related to day to day police work Staff Operations- Include support roles, such as administration 15

16 Chain of Command The organizational chart of any police agency shows a hierarchical chain of command. Represents order of authority Quasi-military structure Span of control the number of personnel or unites supervised by a particular commander 16

17 Political Era 1840s 1930 Close ties between the police and political officials Police were organized in paramilitary style, focused on serving the politically powerful Politicians appointed/hired the police Came about because of a need for social order and security in a dynamic and rapidly changing society 17

18 Police gained pride in their profession Law enforcement focused on traditional crime fighting and the capture of criminals Crackdown on organized crime Progressive policing policy Reform Era s Came about because citizens called for reform and the removal of politics from policing 18

19 Community Era 1970s 2001 Police departments work to identify and serve the needs of their communities Envisions a partnership between the police and the community Police focus on quality of life offenses Came about because of a realization that effective community partnerships can help prevent and solve crimes 19

20 The New Era 2001 Today Policing to secure the homeland; emphasis on terrorism prevention and intelligence led policing Builds on partnership with the community to gather intelligence Creation of counter terrorism divisions and offices within police departments and the development of actionable intelligence Came about because of the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, and ongoing threats to the safety and security of Americans 20

21 Policing Styles History helps shape policing styles, how agencies see their purpose, and choose to fulfill it. There are three basic policing styles: Watchman Legalistic Service 21

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23 Terrorism s Impact on Policing The September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks changed the role of police departments. The core mission has not changed, but all police departments now devote much more resources to preparing for a possible terrorist attack and intelligence gathering. Local police departments play an especially important role in responding to the challenges of terrorism. 23

24 Intelligence-Led Policing and Anti-terrorism Intelligence Led Policing (ILP) is a technique involving the use of criminal intelligence to guide policing in the fight against terrorism. Police should be able to collect and/or analyze intelligence information and form an effective response to credible threat. 24

25 Fusion Centers A new concept in policing, pool and analyze information from law enforcement agencies at all levels. Information sharing is the central purpose. 25

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27 History of Policing Styles 27