THE FUTURE OF EUROPEAN POLITICAL COOPERATION

Transcription

1 THE FUTURE OF EUROPEAN POLITICAL COOPERATION

2 Also by Martin Holland AN INTRODUCTION TO THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITY IN THE 1980s CANDIDATES FOR EUROPE: The British Experience THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITY AND SOUTH AFRICA: EPC under Strain THE FOURTH LABOUR GOVERNMENT: Radical Politics in New Zealand (editor with J. Boston) THE FOURTH LABOUR GOVERNMENT: Politics and Policies in New Zealand (editor with J. Boston)

3 The Future of European Political Cooperation Essays on Theory and Practice Edited by Martin Holland Senior Lecturer, Department of Political Science University of Canterbury, New Zealand St. Martin's Press New York

4 Martin Holland 1991 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition All rights reserved. For information, write: Scholarly and Reference Division, St. Martin's Press, Inc., 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y First published in the United States of America in 1991 ISBN ISBN (ebook) DOI / Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data The future of European political cooperation : essays on theory and practice I edited by Martin Holland. p. em. "Five of the nine chapters were originally presented at the inaugural European Studies Association Conference held in May 1989 at George Mason University"- Includes index. ISBN European Economic Community countries-foreign relations. 2. European federation. I. Holland, Martin, European Community Studies Association. Conference (1989 : George Mason University) KJE5105.F '.04'094-dc CIP

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6 Contents Acknowledgments List of Tables List of Contributors Introduction: EPC Theory and Empiricism Martin Holland 1 European Political Cooperation and the Realist Paradigm Alfred E. Pijpers 8 2 The EC, EPC and the Decline of Bipolarity Panos Tsakaloyannis 36 3 European Political Cooperation: a World Systems Perspective Stephen George 52 4 Analysing EPC: the Case for Two-Tier Analysis Simon Bulmer 70 5 Western Europe's Presence in the Contemporary International Arena David Allen and Michael Smith 95 6 EPC and the Single Act: from Soft Law to Hard Law? Renaud Dehousse and Joseph H. H. Weiler EPC After the Single European Act: Towards a European Foreign Policy via Treaty Obligations? Wolfgang Wessels The Twelve's Dialogue with Third Countries: Progress Towards a Communaute d' action? Elfriede Regelsberger Sanctions as an EPC Instrument Martin Holland 180 Index 199 Vlll ix X vii

7 Acknowledgments The logistics of editing a volume that has contributions from authors based in seven countries across three continents can be considerable, particularly when the editor is based in the South Pacific. My thanks go to all the contributors for their support, cooperation and prolific use of fax machines. I would also like to acknowledge the generous support provided by the University of Canterbury without which the publication of this book would not have been possible. In am particularly indebted to Jill Dolby whose word processing expertise was crucial to the final preparation of this manuscript, and to Michael Burrell for compiling the Index. Draft versions of five of the nine chapters were originally presented at the inaugural European Community Studies Association conference held in May 1989 at George Mason University, USA. I would like to thank the ECSA for providing such a stimulating venue and for contributing to the development of EC studies in the USA and internationally. I am also grateful to the Review of International Studies who have kindly given their permission for the chapter by Allen and Smith to be reprinted in this volume. Where possible, late editorial changes have been made to take account of the remarkable changes in Eastern Europe and Germany that occurred after the manuscript had been submitted for publication in April As is the case in edited volumes, the individual chapters provide a rich diversity of interpretation and debate, the credit for which rightly belongs to the individual authors. Any shortcomings in compatibility between chapters and thematic inconsistencies remain, of course, the sole responsibility of the editor. viii

8 List of Tables 8.1 The Twelve's Political Dialogues: 1 'Friendly' and Allied States The Twelve's Political Dialogues: 2 Other Third Countries The Twelve's Political Dialogues: 3 Regional Groupings Actor Capabilities and EPC Instruments ix

9 List of Contributors David Allen is a Senior Lecturer in Politics in the Department of European Studies, Loughborough University. He is the author of a number of articles on European foreign policy making and the European Community, and co-editor of European Political Cooperation (1982) and European Foreign Policy Making and the Arab-Israeli Dispute (1985). In collaboration with Michael Smith, he is engaged in a series of studies on Western Europe in transatlantic and global politics. Simon Bulmer is a Senior Lecturer in Government at the University of Manchester. He is co-author (with Wolfgang Wessels) of The European Council: Decision-Making in European Politics (1987) and (with William Paterson) of The Federal Republic of Germany and the European Community (1987). As well as his publications on the EC he has written on German politics, including The Changing Agenda of West German Public Policy (ed.)(l989). Renaud Dehousse is a Lecturer in Law at the European University Institute, Florence. At the time of writing this essay he was a research Fellow and Executive Director of the European Policy Unit at the European University Institute. He has collaborated with Joseph Weiler on a number of topics relating to the legal basis of EPC, and was joint-author of 1992: One European Market? (1988). Stephen George is a Lecturer in Politics at the University of Sheffield; his publications include Politics and Policy in the European Community (1985); The British Government and the European Community Since 1984 (1987); Nationalism, Liberalism and the National Interest: Britain, France and the European Community (1989); and, An Awkward Partner: Britain in the European Community (1990). Martin Holland is a Senior Lecturer at the University of Canterbury New Zealand, and a former Jean Monnet Fellow at the European University Institute. He has written extensively on the topic of EPC and is the author of The European Community and South Africa: European Political Cooperation under Strain (1988). Alfred Pijpers is a Senior Lecturer in International Relations at the Europa Instituut, University of Amsterdam and in the Department of X

10 xi List of Contributors Political Science at Leiden University. His most recent work on EPC includes European Political Cooperation in the 1980s (1988) (with Regelsberger, Wessels and Edwards); and, The Vicissitudes of European Political Cooperation (forthcoming) Elfriede Regelsberger is a Senior Research Fellow at the Institut ftir Europaische Politik. She has researched widely on the topic of EPC in third countries and was co-editor (with Pijpers, Wessels and Edwards) of European Political Cooperation in the 1980s (1988). Michael Smith is Professor of International Relations in the Department of Languages, Politics and History, Coventry Polytechnic. He has written many articles and edited several collections on European-American relations and foreign policy making. He is the author of Western Europe and the United States: the Uncertain Alliance (1984), and is currently working on a book dealing with the European Community, the United States and Japan as well as on collaborative studies with David Allen. Panos Tsakaloyannis is currently teaching European politics at the University of Athens. He was previously with the European Institute of Public Administration, Maastricht and has been a guest lecturer at the Europa lnstituut, University of Amsterdam and at the Brookings Institution, Washington D.C. He has written widely on the topic of Western European security issues and EPC: among his most recent work is Western European Security in a Changing World: From the Reactivation of the WEU to the SEA (1988). Joseph H. H. Weiler is a Professor at the University of Michigan Law School and External Professor at the European University Institute. He has written widely on EPC and the implementation of the Single European Act and collaborated with Bieber et al. on An Ever Closer Union (1985). Wolfgang Wessels is the Director of both the Institut ftir Europaische Politik in Bonn, and the Dominate Administrative of the College of Europe in Bruges. He has written on a wide range of Community topics, including the European Council, the European Parliament and on the administrative processes within the European Community. Among his most recent publications are European Political Cooperation in the 1980s (with Regelsberger, Pijpers and Edwards)(1988) andlahrbuch der Europiiischen Integration 1986 (with Weidenfeld)(1987).