Modern Turkey: Continuity and Change

Transcription

1 Modern Turkey: Continuity and Change

2 Schriften des Deutschen Orient-Instituts

3 Modern Turkey: Continuity and Change Herausgegeben von Ahmet Evin mit Beiträgen von Ergun Özbudun, Ahmet Evin, Henri Barkey, Metin Heper, liter Turan, Oral Sander, Yilmaz Altug Leske Verlag + Budrich GmbH, Opladen 1984

4 Contributors Yllmaz Altut, professor of constitutional law, served as Dean of Istanbul University Faculty of Law. Henri Barkey, Ph.D. candidate in the Department of Political Science, University of Pennsylvania, teaches at Lehigh University. Ahmet Evin is Director of Middle East Center at the University of Pennsylvania. Metin Heper is professor of political science at Bogazi~i University, Istanbul. Ergun Özbudun is professor of political science at Ankara U niversity Faculty of Law. Oral Sander is professor of international relations at Faculty of Political Science, Ankara. liter Turan is professor of political science at the University of Istanbul. Modern Turkey: continuity and change I hrsg. von Ahmet Evin. Mit Beitr. von Ergun Özbudun... - Opladen: Leske und Budrich, (Schriften des Deutschen Orient-Instituts) ISBN ISBN (ebook) DOI / NE: Evin, Ahmet (Hrsg.); Özbudun, Ergun (Mitverf.) Cl 1984 by Leske Verlag + Budrich GmbH, Opladen

5 Preface Presented in this volume are essays and surveys examining elements of continuity within the context of the broad changes that have marked the history of modern Turkey. The establishment of the Turkish Republic in 1923 represented a fresh start after the demise of the Ottoman Empire that had spanned the medieval and the modern times, but had become too outdated to cope with the complexities of the industrialized world. Although the Republic was meant to shed the burden of the past in order to meet the challenges of the contemporary era as a modern nation-state, it nevertheless inherited a great deal from the rich civilization of the Ottoman period. Over the last sixty years modern Turkey has been standing up to the challenges of the increasingly demanding and fast changing world of the twentieth century. The fact that it has been able to do so is in no small measure due to its adherence to the principles of evolution and development to keep pace with contemporary civilization. And it is the adherence to these principles that have provided a continuity along with flexibility in social, economic, political, legal, administrative and diplomatie spheres, which are discussed by the contributors to this volume. The contri butions were originally discussed at a seminar held at the U niversity of Pennsylvania in April The editor and the contributors wish to thank Professors Dankwart Rustow of the City University of New York, Richard Chambers of the University of Chicago, and Frederick Frey and Alvin Rubinstein of the University of Pennsylvania for agreeing to moderate the sessions and for their valuable suggestions and comments. Thanks are also due to three people whose assistance was crucial in the preparation of this volume for publication. Sharon Lefevre did the copy editing, Gerald Perna assisted the editor at every stage of prepartion, and Selim Earls did the typesetting. A.Ö.E.

6 Contents Preface Part One Sodal and Political Antecedents Communitarian Structures and Social Change Ahmet Ev;n Antecedents of Kemalist Secularism Some Thoughts on the Y oung Turk Period Ergun Ozbudun Part Two Economy, Bureaucracy, Politics Crises of the Turkish Political Economy: Benr; Borkey Bureaucrats, Politicians and Officers in Turkey: Dilemmas of a New Political Paradigm Metin Beper The Evolution of Political Culture in Turkey i/ter Turon Part Three Surveys: Foreign Policy, Law

7 Turkish Foreign Policy: Forces of Continuity and Change Oral Sander The Developroent of Constitutional Thought Y,lmaz Altug Bibliography Index