Background ( )

Transcription

1 Bckground ( )

2 Mgn Crt, 1215 King John I forced to ccept it. A list of demnds mde by the nobility. Creted CONTRACT between the king nd the ristocrcy. Estblished principles which limited the power of the king: Estblished bsic legl rights. The king must sk for populr consent for txes. Accused must hve jury tril.

3 Model Prliment, 1295 King Edwrd I brought his militry leders nd nobility together s Prliment to sk their consent to new txes. Estblished the principle of prlimentry power of the purse. A rdicl new ide for ny monrch to sk for nything!

4 T he Elizbethn Brgin Prliment: Would hve the power to tx. Cn debte nd mend disputed bills. The Monrch: Hd the royl perogtive [right/choice] on foreign policy.

5 The Erly Sturts ( )

6 T he Sturt Monrchy

7 Jmes I [r ] Jmes I s speech to the House of Commons: I m surprised tht my ncestors should ever be permitted such n institution to come into existence. I m strnger, nd found it here when I rrived, so tht I m obliged to put up with wht I cnnot get rid of!

8 Jmes I [r ] Wnted bsolute power. He quickly liented Prliment grown ccustomed under the Tudors to ct on the premise tht monrch nd Prliment TOGETHER ruled Englnd s blnce polity.

9 Jmes I [r ] He liented the Puritns by his strong defense of the Anglicn Church. Mny of Englnd s gentry [mostly rich lndowners below the level of the nobility] becme Puritns. These Puritn gentry formed n importnt nd lrge prt of the House of Commons. It ws NOT WISE to liente them!

10 Jmes I [r ] Problems he fced: Lrge royl debt. He wsn t English he didn t understnd English customs [esp. English lw!] Believed in Divine Right of Kings. Pro-Ctholic sympthies. Clshed with Prliment He rised money without Prliment s consent!

11 King Jmes Bible, 1611

12 Chrles I [r ] Pro-ceremonies nd rituls. Uniformity of church services imposed by church court. Anglicn Book of Common Pryer for both Englnd AND Scotlnd. Seen s too pro- Ctholic by the Puritns.

13 Chrles I & Prliment Constntly t wr with Spin nd Frnce. Alwys need, but how to get it?? Usully Prliment would give Chrles from txes to fund his wrs. Periodiclly, Prliment would deny funds. In return, Chrles would dissolve Prliment nd try to rule Englnd without it find funds in other wys. Forced lons, selling ristocrtic titles, etc.

14 Ship Money Assessments, 1636 [per squre mile] A medievl tx for costl cities for defense. Chrles pplied them to inlnd counties s well. This got him round the need to cll Prliment into session.

15 T he Petition of Rights, 1628 In return for money to fund his wrs, Chrles I greed: No imprisonment without due cuse. No txtion without Prliment s consent. No putting soldiers in privte homes. No mrtil lw during pecetime. Chrles signed it, nd then ignored it, dissolving Prliment!

16 T he Short Prliment Short Prliment No Prliment in 20 yrs. Rebellion in Scotlnd over Lud issues. Chrles need wr with Frnce. Clls Prliment into session in 1640 MPs demnd more protection of property. Chrles dismisses them fter 3 weeks. Chrles I by Vn Dyck (1633)

17 T he Long Prliment In session from 1640 to Lud executed. Triennil Act pssed Prliment must be clled in session t lest once every 3 yrs. Prliment cn t be djourned without its own consent! Chrles enters the House of Commons to end the session nd rrest 5 MPs unsuccessful Chrles heds north to form n rmy!

18 The Civil Wr ( )

19 Civil Wr ( ) Roylists (Cvliers) Prlimentrins (Roundheds) House of Lords N & W Englnd Aristocrcy Lrge lndowners Church officils More rurl House of Commons S & E Englnd Puritns Merchnts Townspeople More urbn

20 Plyskool Version of the English Civil Wr Roundheds Cvliers

21 Allegince of Members of the Long Prliment ( )

22 Oliver Cromwell [ ] Officer of the Prlimentry rmy [cvlry] the New Model Army. Led the rmy tht defeted royl forces nd now controlled the government. He wore plin cloth-suit, which seemed to hve been mde by poor tilor; his shirt ws plin, nd not very clen; nd I remember speck or two of blood upon his collr his fce ws swollen nd red, his voice shrp nd untunble, nd his speech full of pssion. [Sir Philip Wrwick, Roylist, 1640]

23 T he English Civil Wr:

24 T he Bttle of Nseby [re-enctment], 1645 Chrles I is defeted t Mrston Moor, Nseby, nd Preston. He is hnded over to Prliment.

25 The Interregnum ( )

26 T he Interregnum Period [ ] The Commonwelth ( ) The Protectorte ( )

27 Pride s Purge, 1648 Cromwell purges the House of Commons of modertes [nyone who isn t nti-monrchy]. The results is the Rump Prliment.

28 Regicide Beheding of Chrles I, 1649 The vote by the Rump Prliment ws

29 T he Puritn Commonwelth [ ] Cromwell rules with the Rump Prliment. Constitutionl Republic Creted constitution Instrument of Government An executive [Cromwell] A Council of Stte nnully elected the committee of Prliment. No monrch. Europe is pplled other ntions don t recognize it.

30 Rebels within Rebellion: Levellers John Lilburne ws their leder. One of the first libertrins in the world. The Agreement of the People ws their politicl mnifesto. Abolish corruption within the Prliment & judicil process. Tolertion of religious differences. Lws written in the vernculr. Universl suffrge s nturl right.

31 Rebels within Rebellion: Diggers Agrrin communists led by Gerrrd Winstnley nd Willim Everrd seen s the true Levellers. With Chrles I gone, they felt tht lnd should now be distributed to the poor. Food prices hd reched record highs in the 1640s. They lrmed the Commonwelth government nd ngered the locl lndowners who wnted to clim confiscted ristocrtic lnds for themselves.

32 Cromwell Dissolves the Rump Prliment in 1653

33 T he Protectorte [ ] Cromwell ters up the ineffective Constitution. Dismisses the Rump Prliment nd rules with the support of the militry. Declres mrtil lw. Militry dicttor. Religious tolernce for ll [esp. for Jews], except for Ctholics. Crushes rebellion in Scotlnd. Crushes rebellion mong the Ctholics of Irelnd kills 40% of ll ethnic Irish!

34 % Of Lnd Owned by Ctholics in Irelnd [in green]

35 Cromwell Lord Protector or King?? Englnd longs for n end to mrtil lw! Cromwell dies in 1658 nd his son, Richrd, tkes over, but is wek nd lsts for only two yers.

36 The Restortion ( ) Prliment could no more exist without the Crown thn the Crown without Prliment. This ws the most importnt lesson of the English Civil Wr!

37 King Chrles II [r ] Hd chrm, poise, & politicl skills [unlike his fther!]. Restored the theters nd reopened the pubs nd brothels closed during the Restortion. Fvored religious tolertion. Hd secret Ctholic sympthies. Relized tht he could not repet the mistkes his fther hd mde.

38 King Chrles II [r ] 1661 Cvlier Prliment [filled with Roylists] Disbnded the Puritn rmy. Prdoned most Puritn rebels. Restored the uthority of the Church of Englnd Clrendon Code [Act of Uniformity] All clergy & church officils hd to conform to the Anglicn Book of Common Pryer. It forbde non-conformists to worship publicly, tech their fith, or ttend English universities.

39 Gret London Plgue, 1665

40 Gret London Fire, 1666

41 King Chrles II [r ] 1673 Test Act Prliment excluded ll but Anglicns from civilin nd militry positions. [to the Anglicn gentry, the Puritns were considered rdicls nd the Ctholics were seen s tritors! ] 1679 Hbes Corpus Act Any unjustly imprisoned persons could obtin writ of hbes corpus compelling the govt. to explin why he hd lost his liberty.

42 Chrles II s Foreign Policy : Second Anglo-Dutch Wr To Chrles II, Louis XIV is n idel lly ginst the Dutch Trety of Dover

43 King Jmes II [r ] Ws bigoted convert to Ctholicism without ny of Chrles II s shrewdness or bility to compromise. Aliented even the Tories. Provoked the revolution tht Chrles II hd succeeded in voiding!

44 King Jmes II [r ] Introduced Ctholics into the High Commnd of both the rmy nd nvy. Cmped stnding rmy few miles outside of London. Surrounded himself with Ctholic dvisors & ttcked Anglicn control of the universities. Climed the power to suspend or dispense with Acts of Prliment Declrtion of Liberty of Conscience He extended religious tolertion without Prliment s pprovl or support.

45 The Glorious Revolution 1688

46 T he Glorious Revolution: 1688 Whig & Tory leders offered the throne jointly to Jmes II s dughter Mry [rised Protestnt] & her husbnd, Willim of Ornge. He ws vigorous enemy of Louis XIV. He ws seen s chmpion of the Protestnt cuse.

47 English Bill of Rights [1689] It settled ll of the mjor issues between King & Prliment. It served s model for the U. S. Bill of Rights. It lso formed bse for the stedy expnsion of civil liberties in the 18 c nd erly 19 c in Englnd.

48 Min provisions: English Bill of Rights [1689] 1. The King could not suspend the opertion of lws. 2. The King could not interfere with the ordinry course of justice. 3. No txes levied or stndrd rmy mintined in pecetime without Prliment s consent. 4. Freedom of speech in Prliment. 5. Sessions of Prliment would be held frequently. 6. Subjects hd the right of bil, petition, nd freedom from excessive fines nd cruel nd unusul punishment. 7. The monrch must be Protestnt. 8. Freedom from rbitrry rrest. 9. Censorship of the press ws dropped. 10. Religious tolertion.

49 T he Seesw of King & Prliment: