Social Change and Modernization

Transcription

1 Social Change and Modernization Lessons from Eastern Europe Editor Bruno Grancelli W DE G Walter de Gruyter Berlin New York 1995

2 Contents Introduction 1 Who Should Learn What? 3 Bruno Grancelli 1 Introduction 3 2 Homo Sovieticus 4 3 Managers and Post-Socialist Enterprises 6 4 Elites, Citizens, Working People, and Institutional Reconstruction Modemization: Projects and Processes Homo Academicus Globalization 17 6 Social Change and Modemization: Lessons From and For Eastem Europe 19 7 Neo-Modernization Analysis: New Theoretical Challenges Is the Evolutionary Perspective Really Irretrievable? Economic Reform and Social Reconstruction From Post-Communism to Post-Modemity? 36 References 39 Part One The Actors of Change 43 Contemporary Russian Society and its Soviet Legacy: The Problem of State-Dependent Workers 45 Victor Zaslavsky 1 Soviet Society and the State-Dependent Worker 45 2 The Emergence of State Dependency as a Historical Process 47 3 State-Dependent Worker and the Basic Social Groups 49 4 State-dependent Workers and Social Mobilization in Soviet Society 55

3 VIII Contents 5 Basic Modes of Crisis-Adaptation 57 6 State Populism in the Russian Republic 58 References 60 New Entrepreneurs: Continuity or Change in Russian Economy and Society? 63 Cristiano Codagnone 1 Introduction 63 2 Modernization, the Russian Transition, and Entrepreneurs 65 3 Russian Entrepreneurs and their Contribution to Social Change 69 4 Conclusion 77 References 81 From the Communist Nomenklatura to Transformational Leadership: The Role of Management in the Post-communist Enterprises 83 Andrzej K. Kozminski 1 Introduction 83 2 The Role of Management in the Communist Enterprises: The legacy of the past 86 3 The Agents of Domestic Change 91 4 Cultural change with Foreign Participation 97 5 Local Managerial Skills 102 References 104 Modernizing Post-Soviet Management: A Comparative View 107 Bruno Grancelli 1 Introduction The Socialist Enterprise Post-Socialist Organizations Concluding Remarks 125 References 128 Strategies of Post-communist Transformations: Elites as Institution-Builders 131 Antoni Z. Kaminski and Joanna Kurczewska 1 Political Elites and Institutional Change Market and Democracy Communism and Civil Society 133

4 Contents IX 4 Society, and Elites in Transition Elites as Institution Builders Functional and Stratificational Perspectives on Elites Design and Spontaneity Strategies of Institution Building Types of Political Elite Systemic Obstacles to Post-communist Transformation Types of Elites and the Quality of Transition 149 References 151 PartTwo Globalization, Retraditionalisation and Societal Modernisation 153 Beyond Modernization: The Retraditionalisation of Ex- and Post-Yugoslavian Society 155 Carl-Ulrik Schierup 1 Introduction A Contradictory Coalition and its Inherent Dilemmas 'Real Self-Management' Re-bureaucratization and New/Old Liasons On the Fringes of the Global System Reperipherialization as Retraditionalisation Marginalization of the Intelligentsia Levelling Aspirations The Rural-urban Symbiosis Memorandum for Modernity The New Nationalism Anathema of Reason? 174 References 177 Participation at the Firm Level in the Transformation Process (Three blank slips of paper and a pigeon feather) 181 Csaba Mako and Agnes Simonyi 1 Introduction The Role of Participation in the Labour Relations System The Forms and Dimensions of Participation The Role and Importance of Participation in the Hungarian Labour Relations System Changes in the Role and Place of Participation within the Labour Relations System since A Managerial Initiative Rejected 188

5 X Contents 7 Combining 'Voice' and 'Loyalty' Changes Towards a Three-dimensional System of Participation 192 References 195 Polish Reforms: The Fine Art of Learning and Forgetting 197 Piotr Ploszajski 1 How this Paper Began Beauty and the Beast: The rise and fall of what used to be everybody's favourite fairy tale The Discreet Charm of Simple Choices From Simple Choice to a Choice Matrix Learning to Forget The Crowded Boat From Newtonian to Einsteinian Sociology Hybrid Theories for Hybrid Systems 208 References 211 Theory, Specificity, Change: Emulation, Selective Incorporation and Modernization 213 Roland Robertson 1 Basic Considerations Cross-Societal Emulation and Selective Incorporation Other Conceptual and Analytical Problems Modernization and Convergence Globalization, Not Convergence Comparative Dynamics and Modernization Conclusion 229 References 230 Part Three Social Change and Modernisation: Lessons for and from Eastern Europe 233 Cultural and Civilizational Change: The Core of Post-communist Transition 235 Piotr Sztompka 1 In Search of Theoretical Resources Cultural-civilizational Analysis 237

6 Contents XI 3 Three Heuristic Sources and their Tentative Applications Conclusion 246 References 246 Modemization in a Millenarian Decade: Lessons for and from Eastem Europe 249 Edward A. Tiryakian 1 Introduction Rethinking Modemization Lessons for East Europe Lessons from Eastem Europe 260 References 263 From Post-Communism to Post-Modernity?Economy and Society in Eastem European Transformations 265 Klaus Müller 1 Introduction Changing Pattems of Modemization The Classical Discourse on Modemization The Neo-Parsonian Comeback of Modemization Theory The 'Morning after': The Defects of the Neo-Parsonian Approach The Negative Sociology of Analysis of Economic Reform Elements of the Economic Discourse on Transformation The Politics of 'Pure Economy' Bringing Sociology Back In Beyond the'pure Market' Reorganizing Property Relations Toward a Political Sociology of Transformation Beyond the State and the Market From Post-Communism to Post-Modemity? 285 References 290 Notes on Contributors 295 Subject Index 299 Name Index..