Totalitarian and Authoritarian Regimes in Europe

Transcription

1 A Totalitarian and Authoritarian Regimes in Europe Legacies and Lessons from the Twentieth Century Edited by Jerzy W. Borejsza and Klaus Ziemer in cooperation with Magdalena Hulas Deutschcs Hlstorisches InMitut Warsrhau Niemiecki Inslytut Historyczny I w Warszawie I Berghahn Books New York Oxford IH PAN

2 Contents Preface ix List of Contributors xiii Introduction 1. Italian Fascism, Nazism and Stalinism: Three Forms of Totalitarianism from a Twenty-first-century Perspective 3 Jerzy W. Borejsza I. Totalitarianism and Authoritarianism in Historiography 2. Approximation of a Comparison: Stalinism, National Socialism and Their 25 Intellectual Servants Dietrich Beyrau 3. What Was Not Allowed to Be Written about Coming to Terms with 53 the Germans in the People's Republic of Poland? Edmund Dmitrow 4. History and Memory: the Perception of Totalitarianism in Italy in a 70 Comparative Perspective Marcello Florcs 5. Polish Interpretations of Bolshevism and Totalitarian Systems ( ) 80 Marek Kornat 6. How Slovak Historiography is Coming to Terms with a 'Dual Past' 106 Dusan Kovac 7. The Burden of Self-historicism: Strategies of Dealing with the Past in 123 East German Historiography after 1989/90 Martin Sabrow

3 vi Contents 8. The Historian's Approach to Germany's National Socialist Past 139 Wolfgang Schieder 9. Totalitarian and Authoritarian Systems: Factors in Their Decline and 158 Hurdles in the Development of Democratic Orders Klaus Ziemer II. Case Studies 10. Andrei Yanuarevich Vyshinsky: Paragon of the Totalitarian Conception 177 of the Law and Political Organisation Adam Bosiacki 11. The Short- and Long-term Effects of the Authoritarian Regime and of 188 Nazism in Austria: the Burden of a 'Second Dictatorship' Gerhard Botz 12. Stabilisation of Power through Social and Consumer Policy in the GDR 209 Christoph Boyer 13. 'Better Known for Its Fascists Than Its Democrats': Croatia's Experience 228 with Ideologies in the Twentieth Century Andrea Feldman 14. Authoritarian Rule in Greece ( ) and Its Heritage 237 Hagen Fleischer 15. Poland : the Transformation of the'developed Socialist'State 276 Andrzej Friszke 16. The Historical Experience of the Twentieth Century: Authoritarianism 297 and Totalitarianism in Lithuania Algimantas Kasparavicius 17. A Totalitarian Movement in a Democratic Society: the Case of the Communist Party of France 313 Marc Lazar 18. The Nature and Perspectives of Bolshevism through the RSDWP 330 (Russian Social Democratic Workers' Party) Leaders' Vision Dmitry B. Pavlov 19. King Alexander, Ante Pavelic and Josip Broz-Tito: Three Experiments 343 in Totalitarianism Joze Pirjevec 20. Right-wing Radicalism in Contemporary Poland 354 Szymon Rudnicki

4 Contents vii 21. From Fascism to Democracy: the Birth of the Political System of the 373 Italian Republic Nicola Tranfaglia 22. The Strange Paradox: Vichy after Vichy 384 Olivier Wieviorka III. Legal Aspects of Coming to Terms with the Totalitarian and Authoritarian Past 23. Criminal Law as a Reaction to System Crime: Policy for Dealing with 399 the Past in European Transitions Jorg Arnold 24. Opening of Files and Public Access to Them: an Important Contribution 431 to Dealing with Communist Dictatorship Joachim Gauck 25. Poland after 1945 and after 1989: Problems of Law Making 438 Hubert Izdebski 26. Have We Succeeded in Coming to Terms with the Past? A Comparison of 449 National Socialism and the German Democratic Republic Eckhard Jesse 27. Historical Memory and Legislative Changes in Romania 464 Andrei Pippidi IV. The Politics of Memory and the Culture of Remembrance 28. From Policy to Memory: How the Federal Republic of Germany Dealt 481 with the Nazi Legacy Norbert Frei 29. Remembering the Dictatorship: Commemorative Activity in the Spanish 490 Press on the Anniversaries of the Civil War and of the Death of Franco Carsten Httmlebxk 30. The Communist Past in Post-communist Russia 516 Alexei Miller 31. First There Was Oblivion: Collective Remembrances of the First Years 525 of Soviet Power in Russia in 1922 (Ural Study ) Igor V. Narsky

5 viii Contents 32. The Concept of Totalitarianism in Italian Culture after Jens Petersen 33. Stalin in Soviet and Russian History Textbooks from the 1930s to 556 the 1990s Arkady B. Tsfasman 34. Landscapes of Commemoration: Historical Memory and Monument Culture in Austria ( ) 569 Heidemarie Uhl Index 587