Making Development Political

Transcription

1 Entwicklungstheorie und Entwicklungspolitik 17 Julia Schöneberg Making Development Political NGOs as Agents for Alternatives to Development Nomos

2 The GIGA German Institute of Global and Area Studies is the largest German research institute for area and comparative area studies and is also among the largest in Europe. Its research focuses on political, economic and social developments in Africa, Asia, Latin America, and the Middle East. Interregional linkages and global topics are incorporated within this research. The series Entwicklungstheorie und Entwicklungspolitik is edited by Arnold-Bergstraesser-Institut (ABI), Freiburg Deutsches Institut für Entwicklungspolitik (DIE), Bonn Sektion Entwicklungstheorie und Entwicklungspolitik der Deutschen Vereinigung für Politische Wissenschaft (DVPW) GIGA German Institute of Global and Area Studies, Hamburg Institut für Entwicklung & Frieden (INEF), Duisburg Zentrum für Entwicklungsforschung (ZEF), Bonn Volume 17

3 Julia Schöneberg Making Development Political NGOs as Agents for Alternatives to Development Nomos

4 The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data are available on the Internet at a.t.: Kassel, Univ., Diss., 2015, Original titel: NGOs Development Actors as Agents for Alternatives to Development? Exploring the role of the privileged in regard to Post-Development theory by looking at cooperation and partnerships between Haitian organisations and international NGOs. ISBN (Print) (epdf) British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. ISBN (Print) (epdf) Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Schöneberg, Julia Making Development Political NGOs as Agents for Alternatives to Development Julia Schöneberg 223 p. Includes bibliographic references. ISBN (Print) (epdf) 1. Edition 2016 Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft, Baden-Baden, Germany Printed and bound in Germany. This work is subject to copyright. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage or retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the publishers. Under 54 of the German Copyright Law where copies are made for other than private use a fee is payable to Verwertungs gesellschaft Wort, Munich. No responsibility for loss caused to any individual or organization acting on or refraining from action as a result of the material in this publication can be accepted by Nomos or the author.

5 Contents Acknowledgements 5 Contents 7 1. Introduction Problem Statement and Relevance Research Questions Contents Methodology and Methods of Data Interpretation Positionality State of the Art Development: Immanent, Intentional, Indigenous Approaching Development The Development of Development Theory and Practice Alternative Development: A New Paradigm? Post-Development: Escapist Fundamental Critique of Development or Practical Starting Point for Development from Below? Conclusions Theoretical Frames Post-Development as a Bridging Concept between Development Theory and Postcolonialism Searching the Foucauldian Toolbox: Knowledge, Power, Speech and Discourse 49 7

6 Contents 4. INGOs in the Dispositif of Development Cooperation Governmental Institutions as Third-Party Donors for INGOs NGOs as Actors in the Dispositif of Development Haiti - From Pearl of the Caribbean to Burning Glass of the South Partnership and Cooperation: Clashes of Reality and Construction Exploring Discourses of Partnership and Cooperation The Work of INGOs in Haiti Drawing on Three Cases The INGO Discourse of "Development through Partnership" Clashes of Reality and Construction - Structures, Rules and Positions The Structures of the Dispositif the "Republic of NGOs" The Rules of the Dispositif the Ideology of Projects The Positions of the Dispositif Speaker and Subjects Positions of Power Effects of Positioning The Continuous State of Exception- Ideologies of Emergency and Intervention Conclusions Considering Peasant Associations as Agents for Change Haitian Peasants and Peasant Organisations 112 Excursus: Haitian cultures of collective action Introducing Oganisasyon Peyizan (OP) OP Objectives, Identity and Vision Mete Tèt Ansanm -Fomasyon Gwoupman Kombit Conclusions 131 8

7 Contents 8. Aspiring Alternatives: Actual Spaces for Action and Negotiation within Partnerships Case Study: American Organization for Ending Poverty (AOEP) Interaction within Development Projects: Roles, Positions, Interactions Description and Analysis of Actors Positions of Speaking and Listening Discussing Finansman: Requirements and Restrictions Positions of Speaker and Subject: Locating Abigail Negotiating Positions: Discussing the Role of Women in OP Negotiating Positions: The Importance of Kredi The Grantee Yearly Assessment Why OP? Preliminary Conclusions Within the Realms of Subaltern voices Exploring the Role of ODR Can the Subaltern Speak? Subaltern Voices and Agents of Representation Intermediary Actors and the Concept of the "Strategic Ally" Exploring the Role of ODR Realizations and Strategy Changes Within the Realms of Political Interaction: Enacting Citizenship and Funding Social Change Making Development Political Within the realms of political interaction: Supporting the struggle through social justice advocacy "What can you do to help us so that the state listens to us?" The Kollektif Min (Mining Collective) Struggling against Mining Supporting Resistance- The Case of Ile-a-Vache Building Back Government Responsiveness Problems of Funding Social Change and Social Justice What now?: Towards Global Solidarity and Alternatives to Development 193 9

8 Contents 10 Conclusion 201 References