PL SC CIVIL WARS & ETHNIC VIOLENCE Brigham Young University Summer 2013

Transcription

1 PL SC CIVIL WARS & ETHNIC VIOLENCE Brigham Young University Summer 2013 Instructor: Rebecca C. Nielsen Office Hours: W 2:30-4:00, 781 SWKT Location: 280 SWKT E- mail: rebecca.nielsen@yale.edu Time: T/Th 5:00-7:30 P.M. Phone: (801) Course Description: This course reviews both classic and cutting- edge scholarship on internal political violence, with an emphasis on the causes, organization, consequences, and termination of civil wars. The incidence of civil war has risen rapidly in the past two decades and poses a major humanitarian issue; roughly one dozen ongoing major conflicts were estimated to have caused over 100,000 direct fatalities in 2012 alone. The readings explore why political leaders, communities, and individual citizens turn to violence against their neighbors and how order can be re- established. We will also study the organization, recruitment strategies, and battle tactics of armed groups. Throughout the course we will also discuss methods available to political scientists researching ethnic violence or civil war. Requirements: There are no course pre- requisites, although PL SC 200 or comparable quantitative training will be helpful for reading comprehension. Statistical portions of chapters or articles may be skimmed but should not be skipped over entirely. This is an advanced, accelerated course, so the reading load may be heavy. Students are expected to complete reading assignments before class on the date listed on the syllabus and participate in class discussions. Optional, but highly recommended readings are marked on the schedule with an asterisk (*). If you anticipate that you will be unable to finish a significant portion of a certain assignment, please me prior to class. Repeated failure to fulfill assignments on time or contribute meaningfully during class time will result in a reduced participation grade. Grading: Participation (readings, 12 class discussions, pop quizzes) 36% Short essays (4) 24% Final paper 40% Total 100% A B D A C D B C D B C E and below Assignments: Reading assignments are listed on the course schedule below. With the exception of the three required texts, readings are posted in PDF format on BYU Learning Suite and are due before class on the day they are listed. Please note that some electronic readings may include chapters or pages that are not required; consult the syllabus before starting your reading. I encourage students to read ahead if they choose, but note that I may adjust reading assignments before they are due. Class participation will be scored each class period on a scale of 0-3 (a score of 0 indicates an unexcused absence, while 3 shows that the student made regular and useful contributions to the discussion). Each student will be assigned 1

2 a specific civil war which they are encouraged to research and comment on during class. Penalties will apply for disruptive or distracting activities such as arriving late, texting, checking , playing games, and browsing the internet. Throughout the term students should turn in at least four short critical essays, explaining how two or more of the readings from that class period relate to each other and to the civil war that they have personally been assigned to study. Essays are worth up to 6 points each. Students may turn in more than four essays in this case, the four highest scores count towards the final grade. Essays can be turned in for any of the next twelve weeks, but essays for each class period will not be accepted later than the start of class and must be turned in as hard copies. You may cite readings from earlier classes, but the primary focus should be on the readings for the current class session. Essays ought to be about 1 ½ - 2 double- spaced pages aside from citations (no more than 4 pages, please), typewritten and stapled, with your name and the date on it. A final paper is due by 9:00 PM on Thursday, August 15, submitted in hard copy to my office. This paper will be pages (not including citations or title page) and will outline how six of the larger themes discussed in class relate to the country and civil war you were assigned to research throughout the course, along with an introduction and conclusion. Four or more of the six sections may be revised versions of the short essays you previously submitted. The paper will be graded for clarity, accuracy, and critical application of concepts. More paper- writing guidelines and a full breakdown of scoring will be provided later. Up to 15 points extra credit may be earned by volunteering to present one of the readings to the class and lead a short discussion (5 points possible for each minute presentation/discussion). This must be arranged with me in advance. Academic Integrity: As a student, it is your responsibility to cite your sources, avoid cheating, and collaborate with others only when permitted. Writing and citing sources can be stressful and confusing, however this is part of the skill set college students must build. Please consult for examples of plagiarism, inadvertent plagiarism, fabrication and falsification. Writing submitted for this course ought to consist of your own ideas, supported by quotations or references that are attributed a clearly identified source or author. In- text citations should refer to footnotes or endnotes with a full citation in a standard format (MLA or Turabian, for example). Another speaker s words or ideas may not be substituted as if they were your own, or used without adequate acknowledgement. Plagiarism, whether intentional or not, is an ethical, academic, and legal violation that may result in a failing grade not only for the assignment, but also for the entire course. If you are unsure whether your paper falls within these guidelines, please consult the Writing Lab or a style handbook. Students in this course may discuss assignments with each other outside of class, but you must do you reading and write- ups individually. Discrimination: Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 prohibits sex discrimination against any participant in an educational program or activity that receives federal funds. The act is intended to eliminate sex discrimination in education. Title IX covers discrimination in programs, admissions, activities, and student- to- student sexual harassment. BYU's policy against sexual harassment extends not only to employees of the university but to students as well. If you encounter unlawful sexual harassment or gender based discrimination, please talk to your professor; contact the Equal Employment Office at or (24 hours); or contact the Honor Code Office at

3 Access: Brigham Young University is committed to providing a working and learning atmosphere which reasonably accommodates qualified persons with disabilities. If you have any disability which may impair your ability to complete this course successfully, please contact the University Accessibility Center (2170 WSC, ). Reasonable academic accommodations are reviewed for all students who have qualified documented disabilities. Services are coordinated with the student and instructor by the SSD office. If you need assistance or if you feel you have been unlawfully discriminated against on the basis of disability, you may seek resolution through established grievance policy and procedures. You should contact the Equal Employment Office at , D- 282 ASB. Required Texts: Gourevitch, Philip We Regret to Inform You That Tomorrow We Will Be Killed With Our Families. New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux. Kalyvas, Stathis The Logic of Violence in Civil War. New York: Cambridge University Press. Weinstein, Jeremy Inside Rebellion: The Politics of Insurgent Violence. New York: Cambridge University Press. Class Schedule: June 25 (T) Class Introduction No reading due, please review course syllabus posted on Learning Suite and me by June 27 th with a list of at least three countries that experienced civil war or ethnic violence (between present) that you are interested in researching personally. Readings reviewed in class (available online for reference): Wimmer, Andreas, ed Facing Ethnic Conflicts. New York: Rowman & Littlefield. Introduction. Blattman, Christopher and Edward Miguel Civil War, Journal of Economic Literature 48 (1): Sambanis, Nicholas Do Ethnic and Nonethnic Civil Wars Have the Same Causes? A Theoretical and Empirical Inquiry (Part 1), Journal of Conflict Resolution 45 (3): Sambanis, Nicholas What is a Civil War? : Conceptual and Empirical Complexities of an Operational Definition, Journal of Conflict Resolution 48 (6): June 27 (Th) Individual and Collective Violence me a list of at least three countries you are interested in researching. Milgram, Stanley Obedience to Authority. New York: Harper & Row. Chapters 1-5, 7.* Pachirat, Timothy Every Twelve Seconds: Industrialized Slaughter and the Politics of Sight. Yale University Press. Chapters 1 & 5.* 3

4 Zimbardo, Philip The Lucifer Effect: Understanding How Good People Turn Evil. New York: Random House. Chapters 1-6.* Newman, Leonard and Ralph Erber Understanding Genocide: The Social Psychology of the Holocaust. Oxford University Press. Epilogue. Gourevitch, Philip We Regret to Inform You That Tomorrow We Will Be Killed With Our Families. New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux. Chapters 1-7. Kalyvas, Stathis The Logic of Violence in Civil War. New York: Cambridge University Press. Chapters 1-2. Tilly, Charles The Politics of Collective Violence. Cambridge University Press. Chapter 1.* July 2 (T) Ethnic & Group Identification Horowitz, Donald L Ethnic Groups in Conflict. Berkeley: University of California Press. Chapter 4.* Posner, Daniel The Political Salience of Cultural Difference: Why Chewas and Tumbukas Are Allies in Zambia and Adversaries in Malawi. American Political Science Review 98 (4): Habyarimana, James, Macartan Humphreys, Daniel Posner, and Jeremy Weinstein Coethnicity: Diversity and the Dilemmas of Collective Action. New York: Russell Sage. Chapters 3-5.* Harris, Adam and Michael Findley Is Ethnicity Identifiable? Lessons From An Experiment in South Africa. Journal of Conflict Resolution. [Forthcoming].* Rule, Nicholas, James Garrett, and Nalini Ambady On the Perception of Religious Group Membership from Faces. PLoS ONE 5 (12): e Rule, Nicholas, James Garrett, and Nalini Ambady Places and Faces: Geographic Environment Influences the Ingroup Memory Advantage. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 98 (3): Dunning, Thad and Lauren Harrison Cross- cutting Cleavages and Ethnic Voting: An Experimental Study of Cousinage in Mali. American Political Science Review 104 (1): 1-19.* Glaeser, Edward The Political Economy of Hatred, The Quarterly Journal of Economics 120 (1): * Gourevitch, Philip We Regret to Inform You That Tomorrow We Will Be Killed With Our Families. New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux. Chapters Kalyvas, Stathis The Logic of Violence in Civil War. New York: Cambridge University Press. Chapter 3. July 4 (Th) Holiday 4

5 July 9 (T) Motivations for Conflict Weinstein, Jeremy Inside Rebellion: The Politics of Insurgent Violence. New York: Cambridge University Press. Introduction, Chapters 1-2. Collier, Paul and Anke Hoeffler Greed and Grievance in a Civil War, Oxford Economic Papers 56 (4): Fearon, James and David Laitin Ethnicity, Insurgency, and Civil War, American Political Science Review 97 (1): Miguel, Edward, Shanker Satyanath and Ernest Sergenti Economic Shocks and Civil Conflict: An Instrumental Variables Approach, Journal of Political Economy 112 (4): * Gourevitch, Philip We Regret to Inform You That Tomorrow We Will Be Killed With Our Families. New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux. Chapters Le Billion, Philippe Fuelling War: Natural Resources and Armed Conflict, Adelphi Paper No London: Routledge. Chapter 2.* Mokuwa, Esther, Maarten Voors, Erwin Bulte, and Paul Richards Peasant Grievance and Insurgency in Sierra Leone: Judicial Serfdom as a Driver of Conflict, African Affairs 110 (440): July 11 (Th) - Onset and Escalation of Conflict Kuran, Timur Sparks and Prairie Fires: A Theory of Unanticipated Political Revolution. Public Choice 61 (1): Kalyvas, Stathis The Logic of Violence in Civil War. New York: Cambridge University Press. Chapters 4-7. Lyall, Jason Does Indiscriminate Violence Incite Insurgent Attacks? : Evidence from Chechnya, Journal of Conflict Resolution 53 (3): Wilkinson, Steven Votes and Violence: Electoral Competition and Ethnic Riots in India. New York: Cambridge University Press. Chapter 5. July 16 (T) Recruitment, Group Bonding, Civilian Relations, and Repertoires of Violence Winslow, Donna Rite of Passage and Group Bonding in the Canadian Airborne, Armed Forces & Society 25 (3): Bartov, Omer The Conduct of War: Soldiers and the Barbarization of Warfare, The Journal of Modern History 64 (suppl.): S32- S45. 5

6 Weinstein, Jeremy Inside Rebellion: The Politics of Insurgent Violence. New York: Cambridge University Press. Chapters 4-6. Humphreys, Macartan and Jeremy Weinstein Handling and Manhandling Civilians, American Political Science Review 100 (3): * Cohen, Dara Kay Causes of Sexual Violence During Civil War: Cross- National Evidence ( ), prepared for the Minnesota International Relations Colloquium. March 28, 2011.* Wood, Elisabeth Armed Groups and Sexual Violence: When is Wartime Rape Rare? Politics & Society 37 (1): Goodwin, Jeff The Libidinal Constitution of a High- Risk Social Movement: Affectual Ties and Solidarity in the Huk Rebellion, 1946 to 1954, American Sociological Review 62 (1): July 18 (Th) Armed Group Organization, Part II Elisabeth Wood Insurgent Collective Action and Civil War in El Salvador. New York: Cambridge University Press. Chapters 1 & 7.* Muana, Patrick "The Kamajoi Militia: Civil War, Internal Displacement and the Politics of Counter- Insurgency." African Development 22 (3/4): Krijn Peters, Re- Examining Voluntarism: Youth Combatants in Sierra Leone (Pretoria: Institute for Security Studies, 2004). * Utas, Mats Victimcy, Girlfriending, Soldiering: Tactic Agency in a Young Woman s Social Navigation of the Liberian War Zone, Anthropological Quarterly 78 (2): Coulter, Chris Bush Wives and Girl Soldiers. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. Chapter 3.* Weinstein, Jeremy Inside Rebellion: The Politics of Insurgent Violence. New York: Cambridge University Press. Chapter 7. Kalyvas, Stathis The Logic of Violence in Civil War. New York: Cambridge University Press. Chapters July 23 (T) Culture, Religion and Magic Hoffman, Danny The War Machines: Young Men and Violence in Sierra Leone and Liberia. Duke University Press. Chapter 7. Wlodarczyk, Nathalie Magic and Warfare: Appearance and Reality in Contemporary African Conflict and Beyond. Chapters 2-3, 8-9.* Kaplan, Robert The Coming Anarchy. The Atlantic. February 1,

7 Finnstrom, Sverker KONY 2102, Military Humanitarianism, and the Magic of Occult Economies. Africa Spectrum 47 (2-3): * Shaw, Rosalind Robert Kaplan and Juju Journalism in Sierra Leone s Rebel War: The Primitivizing of an African Conflict. In Meyer, Birgit and Peter Pels, eds Magic and Modernity: Interfaces of Revelation and Concealment. Stanford: Stanford University Press. Ellis, Stephen The Mask of Anarchy: The Destruction of Liberia and the Religious Dimension of an African War, 2 nd ed. New York: New York University Press. Pages 17-28, Chapter 6. Elisabeth Wood Insurgent Collective Action and Civil War in El Salvador. New York: Cambridge University Press. Chapter 4. July 25 (Th) Media, Aid, and Humanitarian Intervention Agier, Michael Managing the Undesirables: Refugee Camps and Humanitarian Government. Cambridge: Polity Press. Chapter 8. Nielsen, Richard, Michael Findley, Zachary Davis, Tara Candland, and Dan Nielson Foreign Aid Shocks as a Cause of Violent Armed Conflict, American Journal of Political Science 55(2): Lischer, Sarah Kenyon Collateral Damage: Humanitarian Assistance as a Cause of Conflict. International Security 28 (1): * Kuperman, Alan J Suicidal Rebellions and the Moral Hazard of Humanitarian Intervention. Ethnopolitics 4 (2): Richards, Paul Fighting for the Rain Forest: War, Youth & Resources in Sierra Leone. The International African Institute. Portsmouth: Heinemann. Introduction and pages July 30 (T) Civilian Dimensions Plumper, Thomas and Eric Neumayer The Unequal Burden of War: The Effect of Armed Conflict on the Gender Gap in Life Expectancy, International Organization 60(3): * Salehyan, Idean and Kristian Gleditsch Refugees and the Spread of Civil War, International Organization 60(2): Steele, Abbey Seeking Safety: Avoiding Displacement and Choosing Destinations in Civil War, Journal of Peace Research 46(3): Baines, Erin and Emily Paddon This is how we survived : Civilian Agency and Humanitarian Protection, Security Dialogue 43: 231.* Bolten, Catherine I Did It to Save My Life: Love and Survival in Sierra Leone. University of California Press. Chapter 7. 7

8 Agger, Inger and Soren Jensen Trauma and Healing Under State Terrorism. Zed Books. Chapters 5-8.* August 1 (Th) Termination of War, Peace Settlements, and Third Parties Walter, Barbara Committing to Peace: The Successful Settlement of Civil Wars. Princeton University Press. Chapters 1-2. Richards, Paul Fighting for the Rain Forest: War, Youth & Resources in Sierra Leone. The International African Institute. Portsmouth: Heinemann. Conclusion. Luttwak, Edward Give War a Chance, Foreign Affairs. July/August At < n- luttwak/give- war- a- chance>. Kaufmann, Chaim Possible and Impossible Solutions to Ethnic Civil Wars, International Security 20 (4) : Stedman, Stephen Spoiler Problems in Peace Processes," International Security 22 (2): 5-53.* Downes, Alexander More Borders, Less Conflict? Partition as a Solution to Ethnic Civil Wars, SAIS Review 26(1): * Fortna, Page Does Peacekeeping Keep Peace?: International Intervention and the Duration of Peace After Civil War, International Studies Quarterly 48: * August 6 (T) Aftermath of War, Part I Israel- Trummel, Mackenzie Rape and the Failure of Peace: The Destabilizing Force of Sexual Violence in War, presented at the Western Political Science Association 2011 Annual Meeting. Blattman, Christopher From Violence to Voting: War and Political Participation in Uganda, American Political Science Review 103(2): Kalyvas, Stathis The Logic of Violence in Civil War. New York: Cambridge University Press. Chapter 11 and Conclusion. Wood, Elisabeth The Social Processes of Civil War: The Wartime Transformation of Social Networks, Annual Review of Political Science 11: * Schindler, Kati Who Does What in a Household After Genocide? Evidence from Rwanda, HiCN Working Paper 90. Hughes, Melanie "Armed Conflict, International Linkages, and Women's Parliamentary Representation in Developing Nations," Social Problems 56(1):

9 August 8 (T) Aftermath of War, Part II Bellows, John and Edward Miguel War and Local Collective Action in Sierra Leone, journal of Public Economics 93(11-12): Voors, Maarten, Eleonora Nillesen, Philip Verwimp, Erwin Bulte, Robert Lensink and Daan van Soest Does Conflict Affect Preferences? Results from Field Experiments in Burundi. MICROCON Research Working Paper 21. Gilligan, Michael, Benjamin Pasquale and Cyrus Samii Civil War and Social Cohesion: Lab- in- the- Field Evidence from Nepal, Working Paper at < in- the- Field_Evidence_from_Nepal>.* Gilligan, Michael, Eric Mvukiyehe, and Cyrus Samii Reintegrating Rebels into Civilian Life: Quasi- Experimental Evidence from Burundi, Journal of Conflict Resolution 57(4).* Paluck, Betsy Reducing Intergroup Prejudice and Conflict Using the Media: A Field Experiment in Rwanda, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 96(3): Shewfelt, Steven Legacies of War: Social and Political Life After Wartime Trauma, Yale University Dissertation. Chapter 3. August 15 (Th) Final Day Hard copy of final paper due in my office by 9:00 P.M. Possible Case- Study Countries Afghanistan Albania Algeria Angola Armenia Azerbaijan Bosnia- Herzegovina Burma Burundi Cambodia Chad Chechnya China Colombia Cote d Ivoire Cyprus DRC (Zaire) El Salvador Eritrea Ethiopia Georgia Greece Guatemala India Indonesia Iraq Kosovo Kuwait Laos Lebanon Liberia Libya Mali Mexico Mozambique Nepal Nicaragua Northern Ireland Pakistan Palestine Philippines Republic of Congo Senegal Somalia Sri Lanka Sudan Syria Thailand Turkey Uganda Vietnam Yemen Yugoslavia/Serbia [Consult me if you would like to study a country not on this list] 9