Seminar on A Science Diplomacy Approach for Belgium?! Brussels, 1 December #SD4Be

Transcription

1 Seminar on A Science Diplomacy Approach for Belgium?! Brussels, 1 December 2016 #SD4Be

2 A Science Diplomacy Approach for Belgium?! Royal Library, Brussels, 01/12/2016

3 Welcome our assignment of today = reflect on how to best link science and innovation cooperation with diplomacy and political influence European Commission Moedas: a Science & Innovation policy 'open to the world Mogherini: a Global Strategy for Foreign and Security Policy Challenge: Structure of the Belgian state and the distribution of competencies Reflect now on the if and how of a science diplomacy approach

4 Science diplomacy: three in one Diplomacy for science: Diplomatic activities facilitate scientific activities Science for diplomacy Scientific channels/activities are used for diplomatic purposes Science in diplomacy Scientific advise supports political decision making BUT: difficult balancing act!

5 Today s programme (1) The EU Approach to Science Diplomacy dr. Kostas Glinos, DG Research & Innovation, European Commission Concept and best practices Science and Diplomacy a new dimension in International Relations prof. dr. Pierre-Bruno Ruffini, Université du Havre (FR) The SESAME research infrastructure dr. Zehra Sayers, Sabanci University (TR) Science Diplomacy and International Projects at FECYT dr. Guillermo Orts-Gil, Spanish Foundation for Science and Technology (FECYT), Embassy of Spain in Germany (ES) Presentation of the European Leadership in Cultural, Science and Innovation Diplomacy project prof. dr. Luk Van Langenhove, Institute for European Studies, Vrije Universiteit Brussel

6 Today s programme (2) Panel discussion Moderator: prof. dr. Caterina Carta, Vesalius College & Vrije Universiteit Brussel Questions: Rationale for Science Diplomacy Strategy for Belgium How to reconcile perspectives of research and diplomacy Roles of different actors Global, regional or bilateral approach? Hindering factors Success factors and best practices Initiatives: who, what,...? Wrap-up prof. dr. Richard Higgot, Institute for European Studies, Vrije Universiteit Brussel Closure Dr. Frank Monteny, Belgian Science Policy Office

7 Belgian institutional context Federal level Community level Regional level No hierarchy between the levels! Science policy domain: - Some Dedicated programmes - Federal scientific institutes - Space & Nuclear energy research External relations policy domain: - Representation of Belgium abroad - Diplomatic agreements Science policy domain: - Basic research - (international) S&I agreements External relations policy domain: - Representation of Flanders abroad - International (Bilateral) agreements Science policy domain: - Applied Science - (international) S&I agreements Innovation policy domain: - Direct support and infrastructure External relations policy domain: - Foreign Trade and Investment - International (Bilateral) agreements

8 Intra-Belgian concertation platform Interministerial Conference for Science policy IMCWB Political level (Main) Committee International Cooperation CIS Administrative level Thematic concertation subgroups CIS- group 1 CIS-group 2 International S&I cooperation CIS-group x Each Belgian federated entity is represented according to the intra-belgian competency distribution.

9 Thanks to all the speakers, moderator and panellists all participants the organisers (and their sponsors). Brigitte Decadt Johanne Warnant Peter Spyns Stephanie Agten Joeri Casteleyn Marleen De Proft Tim Willems Emmelie Tindemans Ils De Bal Hubert Goffinet Laurence Capelle Léonie Maes Luk Van Langenhove This event is co-sponsored by the EL-CSID project. This project has received funding from the European Union s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No

10 Science Diplomacy A Brief Excursion into Basic Concepts and Key Issues Pierre-Bruno RUFFINI University of Le Havre A Science Diplomacy Approach for Belgium? Brussels, December 1 st 2016

11 1. Vocabulary 2. Science diplomacy: old wine in new bottles? 3. A quick look at national approaches 4. Is there a European science diplomacy? A Science Diplomacy Approach for Belgium? Brussels, December 1 st 2016

12 1. Vocabulary SCIENCE DIPLOMACY Connecting science and foreign affairs foreign policies geopolitics Bilateral/multilateral levels Science diplomacy should not be confused with international scientific co-operation A Science Diplomacy Approach for Belgium? Brussels, December 1 st 2016

13 A Science Diplomacy Approach for Belgium? Brussels, December 1 st 2016

14 Related concepts Soft power Smart power Public diplomacy Track 2 diplomacy Diplomatie d influence A Science Diplomacy Approach for Belgium? Brussels, December 1 st 2016

15 PEW Research Center Global Attitudes & Trends 2013 Survey A Science Diplomacy Approach for Belgium? Brussels, December 1 st 2016

16 In summary: A country s science diplomacy stands at the intersection of science and foreign policy It refers to all practices in which actions of researchers and of diplomats interact there is no science diplomacy without a direct relation to the interests of governments, in one way or another. But some other practices of researchers are not directly related to a government interest, but contribute to strengthen a country s influence on the world stage ( tacit, silent diplomacy) A Science Diplomacy Approach for Belgium? Brussels, December 1 st 2016

17 2. Science diplomacy: old wine in new bottles? What is not new: History bears witness to longstanding ties between science and foreign policy/diplomacy Great voyages of exploration Colonization Cold War What is new: The 21 st century brought science diplomacy to light as a claimed and assumed approach of a growing number of countries. A Science Diplomacy Approach for Belgium? Brussels, December 1 st 2016

18 Why now? (bilateral level): competition through soft power in the post Cold War period (multilateral level): the rise of concerns about global issues (environment, health, security ) Science diplomacy is an emerging field in public policies as well as in academic studies papers in journals, conferences PhD theses in progress 3 research calls of the European Union etc. A Science Diplomacy Approach for Belgium? Brussels, December 1 st 2016

19 3. A quick look at national approaches Countries differ in different ways: Emphasis put on science in public policy? Pioneering: USA, United Kingdom Official science diplomacy strategy? USA, United Kingdom, France, Germany, Japan Importance of S&T in diplomatic networks? A Science Diplomacy Approach for Belgium? Brussels, December 1 st 2016

20 Geographical coverage of S&T diplomatic networks (Diplomacy for science) Number of foreign countries with at least one fulltime science diplomat: France (50), China (46) US (33), UK (29), Canada (25), Japan (25) Germany, Italy, Switzerland: around 20 A Science Diplomacy Approach for Belgium? Brussels, December 1 st 2016

21 Country models of S&T diplomatic networks Environment and global challenges profile USA, United Kingdom Trade and business profile Canada Academic profile France, Germany, Italy Higher education, research and innovation integrated profile Switzerland A Science Diplomacy Approach for Belgium? Brussels, December 1 st 2016

22 4. Is there a European science diplomacy? The EU diplomacy is weak. but the EU s research policy is effective and influential Attraction, cooperation, and influence: these three core principles of science diplomacy are present in EU s research policy A Science Diplomacy Approach for Belgium? Brussels, December 1 st 2016

23 More than 50 countries are engaged in the Bologna (LMD) process The European program "Horizon 2020" associates 15 non-member countries Over 4000 Marie Curie Fellowships have been granted over the past decade to researchers working in 50 countries, representing over 90 nationalities (..) A Science Diplomacy Approach for Belgium? Brussels, December 1 st 2016

24 EU s research policy is also influential within Europe The European Research Area is a driving force of the integration process Cross-border cooperation favors the advent of an integrated European community of scientists EU s research policy acts as a as facilitators to build political Europe Research policy is a tool for promoting the European model inside and outside Europe A good example of Science for Diplomacy A Science Diplomacy Approach for Belgium? Brussels, December 1 st 2016

25 Merci pour votre attention! A Science Diplomacy Approach for Belgium? Brussels, December 1 st 2016

26 Diplomacy for science Science for diplomacy Science in diplomacy Expression Intergovernmental agreements on scientific cooperation Parallel diplomacy (Track 2 diplomacy) Scientific expertise Action of scientific and technological networks Science Envoys Science-policy interfaces Advantages for diplomacy Promoting cooperation as mode of relations between states Support to the normalization of diplomatic relations Better understanding of global issues Influencing through science Assistance with the preparation of multilateral negotiations Advantages for science Support for the creation of large research infrastructures Expression of a scientific patriotism Capability of influence on major societal choices Support of diplomatic networks to the internationalization of research (mobility, visas...) Influence on the governance of international territories Social recognition of science

27 The SESAME Project Synchrotron-light for Experimental Science and Applications in the Middle East ( Zehra Sayers Director Foundations Development Program, Sabanci University, Chair SESAME Scientific Advisory Committee A Science Diplomacy approach for Belgium? Brussels, Dec 1, 2016

28 SESAME SESAME is a 3rd generation light-source ( extremely bright flash lamp very powerful microscope ) under construction near Amman. Commissioning will begin this month BAHRAIN Observers: Brazil, China, EU, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Japan, Kuwait, Portugal, Russian Federation, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, USA SESAME will foster - science and technology in the Middle East and neighbouring countries (from biology and medical sciences through materials science, chemistry, and physics to archaeology) - cooperation across A Science political Diplomacy divides approach for Belgium? Brussels, Dec 1, 2016

29 A VERY BRIEF HISTORY OF SESAME Convergence of two ideas build a light source in the Middle East (Abdus Salam early 1980s) + foster projects that cross divides Original proposal (1997) - rebuild old 0.8 GeV Berlin Synchrotron (BESSY 1) in the Middle East, as basis for a new international organisation, modelled on CERN (Interim) Council established: followed by international advisory committees decision to build a new 2.5 GeV ring (still using BESSY booster) competitive 3 rd generation facility Ground breaking (2003); completion of building (2008) Vigorous training programme and growing potential user community Commissioning start November Opening by HM King Abullah II in May. A Science Diplomacy approach for Belgium? Brussels, Dec 1, 2016

30 A Science Diplomacy approach for Belgium? Brussels, Dec 1, 2016 INSIDE SESAME EXPERIMENTAL HALL Shielding houses electron accelerator and storage ring Intense beams of light (infrared to X-rays) generated by circulating electrons exit through ports in the shielding Shielding houses electron source, pre-accelerator and booster synchrotron

31 THE NEW STORAGE RING Collaboration between CERN, SESAME Members and Observers funded by EU Spain : quadrupoles France : sextupole coils UK : dipoles Germany: vacuum chambers Turkey : quadrupole coils In Addition Italy : Dipoles power supply Switzerland: controllers + correctors power supplies Israel : power supplies for quadrupole sand sextupoles Pakistan : sextupoles Cyprus : sextupoles Spain girders A Science Diplomacy approach for Belgium? Brussels, Dec 1, 2016

32 SESAME s SCIENCE: Regional Relevance Life Sciences Drug design targeting common pathogens and diseases in the region. Natural products for pharmaceutcal and therapeutic use. Materials Science New materials, e.g. semiconductors. Energy. Catalysis. Extreme conditions (P/T). SESAME 2.5 GeV 25 beamlines Environmental Science Air, soil and water pollution. Determination of metals in soil and plants. Cultural Heriatge Non-destructive structural analyses of archeological objects. Chemical composition. Imaging. A Science Diplomacy approach for Belgium? Brussels, Dec 1,

33 A Science Diplomacy approach for Belgium? Brussels, Dec 1, 2016 XRF/XAS Regional Relevance Adsorption and mobility of heavy metals in soils in the vicinity of Jordan and Yarmouk rivers (SESAME and Jordan) Jordan river sample collection sites Synchrotron Based XRF-XAFS Techniques in Tracking Pollution (Air/Soil) in Some Arab Regions (SESAME, Egypt, Jordan) Coordinated Research Projects supported by IAEA Samples are collected from Jordan and Yarmouk Rivers at different depths for XAFS analyses to monitor levels of all heavy metals. XAFS data collected at Elettra (Italy) and BESSYII (Germany).

34 METAL STORAGE & BALANCE IN WHEAT Courtesy I. Cakmak Cd I. Cakmak Zn Wheat has proteins readily binding metals. Zn fertilizers increase yield and enhance Zn content of wheat seeds. XRF: Mapping and quantifying Zn content in seeds. Control 2μM 5μM 10μM 20μM SAXS analysis of metallothioneins involved in Cd tolerance Wheat seeds exposed to increasing Cd concentrations. A Science Diplomacy approach for Belgium? Brussels, Dec 1, 2016 Aydin M. 2011, Bilecen et al., 2005, Dede et al., 2007, Yesilirmak et al., 2009

35 A Science Diplomacy approach for Belgium? Brussels, Dec 1, 2016 SCIENCE BEGAN IN 2012: IR MICROSCOPE 11 Proposals aproved e.g. Study of breast cancer by Fatemeh Elmi, Assistant Professor, University of Mazandaran, North Iran + Randa Mansour and Nisreen Dahshan, PhD students in the Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Jordan Programme with synchrotron-radiation will begin in 2017

36 Members of SESAME Accelerator Group, 2007 A Science Diplomacy approach for Belgium? Brussels, Dec 1, st Users Meeting Amman 2002 TRAINING PROGRAM (thanks to external support) Users Meetings, Schools, Workshops, Fellowships, visits to operating light-sources,... are building technical and scientific capacity in the region 10 th Users Meeting Amman 2012 SESAME-JSPS School Cairo 2008 Began training accelerator experts who returned to the Middle East Now Training Scientists Advanced Light Source Users Meeting, NSLS

37 SESAME SCIENTIFIC COMMUNITY A Science Diplomacy approach for Belgium? Brussels, Dec 1, 2016

38 THANK YOU A Science Diplomacy approach for Belgium? Brussels, Dec 1, 2016

39 SCIENCE DIPLOMACY SPANISH FOUNDATION FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (FECYT) Dr. Guillermo Orts-Gil European Office FECYT Embassy of Spain in Germany December 1 st 2016, Brussels

40 I. DIPLOMACY FOR SCIENCE - NETWORK I. SCIENCE FOR DIPLOMACY SOCIETIES OF RESEARCHERS II. ACTIVITIES AND INTERNATIONAL COLLABORATION 2

41 A WORLDWIDE NETWORK Source: Spanish science diplomacy and scientific excellence (under review by Science & Diplomacy) 3

42 International unit - activities SCIENCE DIPLOMACY To improve Spanish researchers international prestige Scientific coordinators in London, Berlin & Washington/Spanish science & cultural attachés network Colaboration with associations of Spanish researchers abroad EUROPEAN PROJECTS (EURAXESS INTERNATIONAL) PIPERS: Policy and practice to foster a common European approach to researcher career development Top III: EURAXESS network evolution to increase portfolio of services to researchers EURAXESS SPAIN SERVICES: support mobile researchers and researcher career services. RIGHTS: promotion of human resources in research policies LINKS: promotion of Spanish opportunities beyond Europe 4

43 INTERNATIONAL SOCIETIES OF SPANISH RESEARCHERS EUROPE REST OF THE WORLD UNITED KINGDOM 545 members ITALY USA ~ 900 members GERMANY ~ 400 members IRELAND 25 members AUSTRALIA PACIFIC DENMARK 85 members CZECK REPUBLIC CHINA BELGIUM SWEEDEN 75 members > 2000 MEMBERS > 150 EVENTS/YEAR JAPAN ~ 60 members MEXICO 5

44 WHY THEY ARE A KEY STAKEHOLDER FOR THE SPANISH R&D SYSTEM SCIENTIFIC TALENT POLES Evaluators, ERC, Marie Curie and national/regional opportunities candidates RESEARCHERS WITH AN INTEREST TO STAY CONNECTED AND CONTRIBUTE TO THE SPANISH SYSTEM Mentors, partners in projects, etc. SOURCE OF INFORMATION Major scientific achievements done by Spanish researchers abroad LINK BETWEEN SPAIN AND THEIR HOST COUNTRY FRESH IDEAS PUBLIC DIPLOMATS: THEY CONTRIBUTE TO THE SPANISH IMAGE ABROAD Dissemination (scientic annual meetings, etc.) Science communication (Science in the pub, science in the classroom, etc.) Training (metoring programmes, soft skills, career development, etc.) Information for new comers (taxes, etc.) International collaborations (project funders hunting, twinning programmes ) 6

45 FECYT ACTIVITIES IN SCIENCE DIPLOMACY 7

46 FECYT ACTIVITIES IN SCIENCE DIPLOMACY 8

47 9

48 10

49 European Leadership in Cultural, Science and Innovation Diplomacy (EL-CSID) Luk Van Langenhove EL-CSID Scientific Coordinator 1 December The EL-CSID project receives funding from the European Union s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under Grant Agreement No

50 About EL-CSID Acronym EL-CSID Horizon million grant amount Three-year duration Consortium of 9 partners Coordinated at the IES The EL-CSID project receives funding from the European Union s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under Grant Agreement No

51 Research Context Increasing role played by Cultural and Science Diplomacy in EU external relations Important role of Innovation in how state and non-state actors interact today But: EU CSD strategy yet to be fully articulated based on understanding of direction of travel of cultural, science and innovation diplomacy in evolving global context The EL-CSID project receives funding from the European Union s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under Grant Agreement No

52 Objectives Codify and articulate the relevance of cultural, science and innovation diplomacy for EU external relations as part of systemic and strategic approach Identify how the EU and its MS can collectively and individually develop an institutional and strategic policy environment conducive of extra-regional cultural and science diplomacy The EL-CSID project receives funding from the European Union s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under Grant Agreement No

53 Aims Deepen scholarly understanding of diplomacy as an abiding, but evolving institution Strengthen EU policy towards the use of culture, science and innovation in its wider diplomacy The EL-CSID project receives funding from the European Union s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under Grant Agreement No

54 Work plan WP No WP1 WP2 WP3 WP Title Europe and European Praxis in Cultural and Science Diplomacy in Comparative Perspective Science for Diplomacy versus Diplomacy for Science: The Tension between Innovation Policy and Sovereignty Cultural and Science Diplomacy: The Transnational and Collaborative Dynamic WP Leader & Participants VUB WZB & JIIP UoW & NU, NUS WP4 WP5 EU Cultural and Science Cooperation: From the Outside Looking In Exploring the Effectiveness of EU s Promotion of Regional and Inter-regional processes in the South through Science, Cultural and Economic Diplomacy WP6 Leveraging Diplomatic Capacity VUB EMUNI & CEDS UNU-CRIS & VUB WP7 Management and Dissemination VUB supported by all partners The EL-CSID project receives funding from the European Union s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under Grant Agreement No

55 Science Diplomacy & the EU Science diplomacy regarded as an increasingly important element of the EU s foreign policy EC (DG RTD) and EEAS working towards the development of a common approach to this external dimension of science and innovation policies The EL-CSID project receives funding from the European Union s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under Grant Agreement No

56 Science Diplomacy & DG RTD Commissioner Moedas driving position Commitment to foster the development of a EU science diplomacy science diplomacy to play a leading role in our global outreach for its uniting power (Washington, June 2015) Science diplomacy as a torch that can light the way, where other kinds of politics and diplomacy have failed (Washington, June 2015) The EL-CSID project receives funding from the European Union s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under Grant Agreement No

57 Towards a EU Science Diplomacy strategy? Shared Vision, Common Action: A Stronger Europe (29 June 2016) EU Global Strategy for Foreign and Security Policy, presented by HR Mogherini in June 2016 No significant reference to science diplomacy as an element of the EU global strategy The EL-CSID project receives funding from the European Union s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under Grant Agreement No

58 Global Science Diplomacy The EL-CSID project receives funding from the European Union s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under Grant Agreement No

59 Cultural Diplomacy & the EU Towards an EU strategy for international cultural relations (8 June 2016) EEAS Joint Communication to the European Parliament and the Council Terminology: International cultural relations (ICR) preferred to Cultural diplomacy EU cultural superpower ICR regarded as an important foreign policy tool The EL-CSID project receives funding from the European Union s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under Grant Agreement No

60 Panel on A Science Diplomacy strategy for Belgium #SD4Be

61 F. BALTHASAR

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63 V. HALLOIN Dimension 1: SCIENCE IN DIPLOMACY, to inform (foreign) policy objectives with scientific advices Q1: Scientific domains of Belgian researchers Coverage of most scientific areas (including societal challenges) Indicators of scientific excellence: ERC grant holders, Prizes (Francqui, FNRS-FWO, international, ), international visibility (GIEC, Unesco, ) A few examples of fields: virology, migration, economy, neurodegenerative sciences, climate, 4

64 Dimension 1: SCIENCE IN DIPLOMACY, to inform (foreign) policy objectives with scientific advices Q3:A Belgian SAM (Scientific Advisory Mechanism)? Administrative structures for science policy (WBI research and innovation platform, CIS Inter, Scientific Policy Councils, Federal Planning Bureau, ) Lack of scientific dedicated body (such as SAM at EC) or scientific chief advisor (like in UK, Quebec, ) Should it be set-up? YES more transparency and evidence-based decisions How? A light structure A couple of scientists (institutional landscape complicated enough ) In charge of organizing, up on request from governments (and structures dealing with science policy), ad hoc independent committees in a reactive manner and ensuring turn-over in ideas In cooperation with the Academies and the FNRS/FWO With an organic link with the government 5

65 Dimension 2: DIPLOMACY FOR SCIENCE, to facilite international science cooperation International scientific collaboration: imperative to meet global challenges Large research infrastructures : States must agree to build together large research infrastructures (sharing of costs and risks) CERN: an international organisation established by an international treaty but also Science for diplomacy : Cern makes it possible to (re-)establish bridges between separate nations importance of science and international research institutions in uniting nations to pursue a single noble goal 6

66 P. DELCOMMINETTE

67 Science, Technology & Innovation (STI) & Internationalisation (I) STI+I = economic growth & jobs FIT Strategy: building international STI linkages STI community as Trade customer STI community as Investment accelerator Technology attachés & diplomatic network to internationalise the STI community Partner in framework conditions for STI community SCIENCE DIPLOMACY? Flanders Investment & Trade Claire TILLEKAERTS

68 World Science Forum UN World Water Development Report E. FERNANDEZ-POLCUCH Scientific Advisory Board of the UN SG Recommendation on Status of Scientific Researchers UNESCO Science Report Diplomacy for science Science in diplomacy Transboundary Aquifers. Transboundary Biosphere reserves CERN ICTP SESAME Science for diplomacy Israeli-Palestinian Science Organization (IPSO) UNESCO as an engine for multilateral Science Diplomacy

69 M. VINCK Office of Economic Interests B3 Role Supports stakeholders at the federal and regional and communal level in their efforts to promote academic diplomacy Contributes to strengthen the internal coordination of academic diplomacy with all the partners Coordinate where requested Support the internationalisation of Belgian Universities in order to promote their competitiveness (innovation, synergies, higher quality of education, global responsibility, reputation) Action area s Four I s To Inform To Introduce To Intervene To promote the Image of Belgium and its Regions & Communities Director - Mr. Marc Vinck Dec. 2016