Entrepreneurship in developing disability services - myth or success factor?

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1 Entrepreneurship in developing disability services - myth or success factor? Prof. Dr. Johannes Schädler Zentrum für Planung und Evaluation Sozialer Dienste (ZPE), Universität Siegen EASPD-Conference - Varna,

2 Structure: 1. The Kiosk-project in BIH - why it did fail? 2. Entrepreneurship what is it? 3. The inclusive café in BIH why it could work? Zentrum für Planung und Evaluation Sozialer Dienste Universität Siegen

3 Context: Co-operation of German and Bosnian partner to develop supported employment for people with disabilities in Bosnia-Hercegowina The project idea: Establish a network of kiosks Inspired by ONCE Prof. Dr. Johannes Schädler

4 The Kiosk-Idea: Following ONCE ONCE is the National Organisation of Blind People in Spain ONCE has Lottery Kiosks in all towns and cities in Spain ONCE provides jobs for disabled people in the kiosks ONCE kiosks have corporate design and decentralised organisation

5 A Vision: Zivotna Pomoc Kiosks? Local organisations establish kiosks, for supported employment /jobs for disabled people, Zivotna Pomoc Sunce with a corporate design: zivotna pomoc in a parallel process support each other and cooperate strengthen the zivotna pomoc - network

6 Zivotna Pomoc - Kiosk-Strategy? zv zv zv zv zv zv

7 What was demanded from local partners? 1. Concept / Business Plan / Costs - Plan 2. Project structure 3. People with disabilities / staff 4. Place and Kiosk-Building 5. Marketing 6. Work plan 7. Co-operation with national organization What was offered to local partners? 2 years funding and consultation What was the situation six month after the end of funding? All three funded kiosks were closed.

8 Suggestions for explanation of failure Economic circumstances Bad marketing strategies Problems of project ownership. Missing entrepreneurship among partners?

9 What is entrepreneurship? Karl Marx: seeking profit and power by investment. Gaining surplus is morally legitimated by taking risks. Joseph Alois Schumpeter: Anyone seeking profits must innovate, first and second entrepreneur theory 1st: 4 dimensions of innovation: invention, innovation, diffusion and imitation: The pure new idea is not adequate by itself to lead to implementation.... It must be taken up by a strong character (entrepreneur) and implemented through his influence. It is not the power of ideas but the power of an entrepreneur that gets things done. The entrepreneur is the change creator Typical characteristics of entrepreneurs are: intelligence, alertness, energy and determination 2nd: The increasing complication of modern economies causes the necessity of more interaction. Innovation no longer depends so much on individual personalities, but needs the cooperation of many different actors in dynamic environments.

10 Schumpeter: Personal motives of entrepreneurs to act the desire to create "own kingdom." Modern man, through his successes in industry or trade, can get a sense of power and independence similar to the situation of the European medieval lord; the desire for gain. Entrepreneur can realize his wish to fight, to compete, to showing his superiority over others, winning for the sake of winning. Comparing to the sport, in economic life, there are "financial racing" but there is "financial boxing" too; the joy of creation, to achieve something, or just exercise the energy and ingeniousness. (cf. Sledzik 2015, 93)

11 Inclusive Café in Tuzla why it could work? Idea: Training and employment of persons with disabilities in a Café-Bar in Tuzla, BIH (project co- funded by German lottery (Aktion Mensch) Run by disability organization, but connected with institutional environment, i.e. - using programme of national rehabilitation fund - using committment and consulting offer of citiy of Tuzla - employing experienced gastronomer - cooperation with university and vocational training college Prof. Dr. Johanne Schädler

12 Discussion: Is there a need for entrepreneurship to make the project a success story? If so, what exactly is meant and needed? Prof. Dr. Johannes Schädler

13 Vielen Dank für ihre Aufmerksamkeit! Prof. Dr. Johannes Schädler Zentrum für Planung und Evaluation Sozialer Dienste (ZPE) Universität Siegen Tel.: Prof. Dr. Johannes Schädler