GUIDE TO Manila. Santa Fe Group DISCLAIMER

Transcription

1 Santa Fe Group GUIDE TO Manila 1

2 OVER VIEW The Philippine archipelago is made up of 7,107 islands, favourably located in relation to many of Southeast Asia's main water bodies: the South China Sea, Philippine Sea, Zulu Sea, Celebes Sea, and Luzon Strait. Geographic coordinates: N, E The 11 largest islands contain 94% of the total land area. The largest of these islands is Luzon at about 105,000 km2. The next largest island is Mindanao at about 95,000 km2. The archipelago is around 800 km from the Asian mainland and is located between Taiwan and Borneo. The islands are divided into three groups: Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao. The Luzon islands include Luzon Island itself, Palawan, Mindoro, Marinduque, Masbate and Batanes Islands. The Visayas is the group of islands in the central Philippines, the largest of which are: Panay, Negros, Cebu, Bohol, Leyte and Samar. The Mindanao islands include Mindanao itself, plus the Sulu Archipelago, composed primarily of Basilan, Sulu Island, and Tawi-Tawi. The city of Manila, occupying a total land area of 38.3 square kilometres, is the capital of the Philippines. Simply called Manila, it is one of the 17 cities and municipalities that make up Metro Manila and is bordered by several cities in Metro Manila such as Navotas and Caloocan City to the north, Quezon City to the northeast, San Juan and Mandaluyong City to the east, Makati City to the southeast, and Pasay City to the south. Geographic coordinates: N, E PHYSICAL SETTING The Philippine archipelago lies in Southeast Asia in a position that has led to its becoming a cultural crossroads - a place where Malays, Hindus, Arabs, Chinese, Spaniards, Americans, and others had interacted to forge a unique cultural and racial blend. The archipelago numbers some 7,107 islands; and the nation claims an exclusive economic zone (EEZ) of 200 nautical miles (370 km) from its shores. The Philippines occupies an area that stretches for 1,850 kilometers (1,150 mi) from about the fifth to the twentieth parallels north latitude. The total land area is slightly more than 300,000 square kilometers (115,831 sq mi). Only approximately 1,000 of its islands are populated, and fewer than one-half of these are larger than 2.5 square kilometers (1 sq mi). Eleven islands make up 95 percent of the Philippine landmass, and two of these Luzon and Mindanao measure 105,000 square kilometers (40,541 sq mi) and 95,000 square kilometers (36,680 sq mi), respectively. They, together with the cluster of islands in Visayas in between them, represent the three principal regions of the archipelago that are identified by the three stars on the Philippine flag. The Philippines is broken up by the sea, which gives it one of the longest coastlines of any nation in the world. Off the coast of eastern Mindanao is the Philippine Trench, which descends to a depth of 10,430 meters (34,220 ft). The Philippines is part of a western Pacific arc system characterized by active volcanoes. Among the most notable peaks are Mount Mayon near Legazpi City, Taal Volcano south of Manila, and Mount Apo in Mindanao. All of the Philippine islands are prone to earthquakes. The northern Luzon highlands, or Cordillera Central, rise to between 2,500 meters (8,200 ft) and 2,750 meters (9,020 ft), and, together with the Sierra Madre in the northeastern portion of Luzon and the mountains of Mindanao, boast rain forests that provide refuge for numerous upland tribal groups. The rain forests also offer prime habitat for more than 500 species of birds, including the Philippine eagle (or monkey-eating eagle), some 800 species of orchids, and some 8,500 species of flowering plants. The country's most extensive river systems are the Pulangi River, which flows into the Mindanao River (Rio Grande de Mindanao); the Agusan, in Mindanao which flows north into the Mindanao Sea; the Cagayan in northern Luzon; and the Pampanga, which flows south from east Central Luzon into Manila Bay. Laguna de Bay, east of Manila Bay, is the largest freshwater lake in the Philippines. Several rivers have been harnessed for hydroelectric power. To protect the country's biological resources, the government has taken a first step of preparing a Biodiversity Action Plan to address conservation of threatened species. Area Land: 298,170km2 Water: 1,830km2 Total: 300,000km2 Comparative: Slightly larger than the State of Arizona, USA Land boundaries: 0km Coastline: 36,289km Background The Philippine Islands became a Spanish colony during the 16th century. They were ceded to the United States in 1898 following the Spanish-American War. In 1935 the Philippines became a self-governing commonwealth. Manuel QUEZON was elected president and was tasked with preparing the country for independence after a 10-year transition. In 1942 the islands fell under Japanese 2

3 occupation during World War II, and US forces and Filipinos fought together during to regain control. On 4 July 1946 the Republic of the Philippines attained its independence from the United States. The 20-year rule of Ferdinand MARCOS ended in 1986, when a "people power" movement in Manila ("EDSA 1") forced him into exile and installed Corazon AQUINO as president. Her presidency was hampered by several coup attempts, which prevented a return to full political stability and economic development. Fidel RAMOS was elected president in 1992 and his administration was marked by greater stability and progress on economic reforms. In 1992, the US closed its last military bases on the islands. Joseph ESTRADA was elected president in 1998, but was succeeded by his vice-president, Gloria MACAPAGAL-ARROYO, in January 2001 after ESTRADA's stormy impeachment trial on corruption charges broke down and another "people power" movement ("EDSA 2") demanded his resignation. MACAPAGAL-ARROYO was elected to a six-year term as president in May The Philippine Government faces threats from three terrorist groups on the US Government's Foreign Terrorist Organization list, but in 2006 and 2007 scored some major successes in capturing or killing key wanted terrorists. Decades of Muslim insurgency in the southern Philippines have led to a peace accord with one group and on-again/off-again peace talks with another. Climate The Philippine Islands, in general, have a maritime tropical climate and with an exception to the higher mountainous areas, temperatures remain warm. The annual averages range from about 23 C to 32 C (73 F to 90 F) throughout the archipelago. Daily average temperatures in Manila range from a minimum of 21 C (70 F) to a maximum of 30 C (86 F) in January and from 24 C (75 F) to 33 C (91 F) in June. Annual normal relative humidity averages 80%. Rainfall and seasonality differ markedly throughout the islands, owing to varying exposures to the two major wind belts, north-east trades or monsoon (winter) and south-west monsoon (summer). Generally, the east coasts receive heavy winter rainfall and the west coasts heavy summer rainfall. Intermediate and southern locales receive lesser amounts and are more equally distributed. The average annual rainfall in the Philippines ranges from 96cm to 406cm (38in to160in). Time Zone The Philippines Standard Time is 8 hours ahead of Greenwich Mean Time (GMT+8). The Philippines does not operate Daylight-Saving Time. Population (e.g Ethnic groups, Religion, Languages, Literacy rate) The population of the Philippines has been steadily growing for many years. In 2014, it is the 12th most populated country in the world, between Mexico and Ethiopia, and continues to grow at a rate of 1.89% per year. Projecting the Philippines National Statistics Office data forward, using the 1.89% growth rate, gives us a 2013 population of 98,734,798 and 2014 population of 100,617,630 in The Philippines. Based on the 2010 census results, the population increased nearly 16 million from the 2000 census results. The growth rate has slowed slightly from the previous census, down to 1.89% from 2.34%. The next census in the Philippines is scheduled for ETHNIC GROUPS The Philippines is one of the most diverse countries in terms of ethnicity. Ethnic groups identify themselves based on parental lineage and language. 74.7% are the ethnically diverse people of the Philippines, collectively known as Filipinos and broken down to the native ethnic groups; Tagalog 28.1%; Cebuano 13.1%; Ilocano 9%; Bisaya/Binisaya 7.6%; Hiligaynon Ilonggo 7.5%; Bikol 6%; Waray 3.4%; and other 25.3% (2000 census) The other 25.3% of peoples are split between smaller groups of indigenous and immigrant peoples. Aboriginal inhabitants known as the Negritos or Aetas, those with Filipino-Chinese descent, small numbers of resident Chinese nationals, emigrants from the Indian subcontinent, U.S. nationals, and the Spanish add to the population s ethnic and cultural diversity. RELIGION Roman Catholic 80.9%, Muslim 5%, Evangelical 2.8%, Iglesia ni Kristo (Church of Christ) 2.3%, Aglipayan (Independent Church of the Philippines) 2%, other Christian 4.5%, other 1.8%, unspecified 0.6%, none 0.1% (2000 census). LANGUAGES Filipino (formerly Pilipino) is based on Tagalog and is the official language of the Philippines. In spite of being the national language, only about 55 percent of Filipinos speak the language. In addition to Filipino there are about 111 distinct indigenous languages and dialects, of which only 3

4 about 10 are important regionally. English is generally used for educational, governmental and commercial purposes and is widely understood since it is the medium of instruction in schools. Filipinos are the third largest group of English speaking people in the world, after the United States and the United Kingdom. Since English is widely spoken in the Philippines, it is common to hear Filipinos use a mixture of English and Filipino words or phrases, known as Taglish (a mixture of English and Tagalog), in their everyday conversations. A steadily dwindling minority still speaks Spanish, which had at one time been an official language. LITERACY RATE With a literacy rate of about 93.4% in the 2000, the Philippines have one of the highest literacy rates among developing countries. As at December 2013, Philippines National Statistics Office reported that literacy rate have improved by 97.5% as against the literacy rate of 92.3 percent recorded in the Literacy age definition : age 15 and over can read and write total population : 97.5% male : 97.4% female : 97.6% Source: CIA World Factbook - Unless otherwise noted, above information is accurate as of August 23, The NSO s 2010 Census of Population and Housing (CPH) showed that of the 71.5 million individuals who are 10 years old and above, 97.5 percent or 69.8 million were literate or could read and write. This is higher compared to the literacy rate recorded in the 2000 CPH. Traditional Festivals The fiesta is part and bundle of Filipino culture. Through good times and bad times, the fiesta must go on. Each city and barrio has at least one local festival of its own, usually on the feast of its patron saint, so that there is always a fiesta going on somewhere in the country. But the major and most elaborate festival of all is Christmas, a season celebrated with all the display and show the fun-loving Filipino can handle. Month of JANUARY 1. FEAST OF THE BLACK NAZARENE Quiapo Church, Manila - January 9 People go to Quiapo Church, Manila to honor the miraculous wooden black statue of Jesus Christ carried by male devotees during the procession. 2. BINIRAY Romblon - January 9 A festival parade in the sea followed by a celebration in Romblon 3. LINGAYEN GULF LANDING Lingayen, Pangasinan - January 9 Held in Lingayen Pangasinan, it commemorates the landing of General MacArthur s Allied Forces in Luzon in ATI-ATIHAN Kalibo, Aklan, Third Week of January The Ati-Atihan Festival honors the 13th century land deal between 10 migrating Bornean chieftains and the indigenous Ati King Marikudo. It also honors the town patron, the infant Sto. Niño. The constant, rhythmic pounding of drums get to you, and before you know it you are on the street, shuffling your feet, shaking your head, waving your hands - and joining thousands of soot-blacked, gaily-costumed revelers in an ancient ritual of mindless happiness. A familiar battle cry reaches your ears, and amidst all this bewilderment you remember where you are: Kalibo, Aklan. "Viva, Sto. Niño!" The Ati-Atihan celebration is boomed in many parts of the country. 5. DARO SINULOG Dumaguete Negros, Third Week of January A moving pageantry depicting Holy Child s conversation of pagan tribes. 6. SINULOG Cebu City - third Sunday of January Cebu City's fiesta of fiestas. Distinguished by its unusual two-steps-forward-and-one-step-backward shuffle, thus simulating the Holy Child of the shores, the Sinulog is a century-old tradition observed in the part of Visayas region. The prayer-dance is harmonized to the beat of drums and shouts of "Pit Señor! Viva Sto. Niño!. Feel free to dance with the best of them, enjoying all the way to the grand final presentation at the Cebu City Sports Center. 7. CARACOL SA MAKATI Makati City, Manila - Last Sunday in January Groups dress as endangered flora and fauna to express the need to preserve and conserve our natural heritage. Caracol is a Spanish term for snail. 8. VIGAN TOWN FIESTA 4

5 Vigan, Ilocos Sur - Fourth Week of January The highlight of the week long celebration is the procession in honor of Vigan s patron saint, St. Paul the Apostle. 9. APRIBADA Donsol, Sorsogon A celebration welcoming the whale shark (butanding) season and the blessing it will bring. 10. DINAGYANG Iloilo City - Fourth Weekend Merry mayhem breaks loose in Iloilo City during this weekend, when Ilonggos leave everything behind to join in the fiesta of the year. All shyness are dropped: boring everyday clothes are exchanged for "Ati" warrior costumes and black body paint. Shields and "weapons" are held amidst the pounding rhythm of drums, the costumed Ilonggos put their best feet forward in celebration of Dinagyang! Month of FEBRUARY 1. HOT AIR BALLOON Clark Special Economic Zone - Early February An annual tournament of balloonist from various countries. Features aerosport shows, kite flying, games, live bands and exhibitions. 2. FEAST OF OUR LADY OF CANDLES Jaro, Ilo-ilo The largest and the most wealthy religious pageantry in Western Visayas. 3. FESTIVAL OF HEARTS Tanjay City Major festival of romance to highlight Valentine s Day. 4. LAOAG CITY AND PROVINCE (Pamulinawen) Laoag City - February 7 to 10 Features a colorful floral parade and celebrates the Feast of William, the toem s patron saint. 5. SAN FERNANDO, LA UNION La Union - Februray 7 to 10 Musical extravaganzas, trade fairs and pageants featuring show business and celebrity personalities. 6. TINAGBA Bicol - Feruary 11 A harvest festival in which coincides with the feast day of Our Lady of Lourdes. Main feature is a parade of colorful and grandiosely decorated bull carabao carts 7. INTERNATIONAL BAMBOO ORGAN Las Pinas, Metro Manila A 10 day cultural event which features international classical performers and utilizes the ancient bamboo organ of St. Joseph s Parish Curch, Las Piñas. 8. TAWO TAWO Bayawan City - February 17 Giant, paper mache scarecrows highlight their roles as guardians of Bayawan City crops. 9. DIA DE ZAMBOANGA February 26 A celebration of cultural and religious harmony between Christians and Muslims in this most cosmopolitan of Philippine cities. Marks the date when Zamboanga became a city. 10. PANAGBENGA Baguio City - Fourth Week It's flower season in the city of Pines - perfect timing for an all-out fiesta in the streets. The Baguio folk take a break on these days to revel in the cool climate and the unique culture of the city. Multi-hued costumes are worn, mimicking the various blooms of the highland region (or any of its 11 ethnic tribes). These are flowerbeds - masked, of course, as the Panagbenga parade floats. 11. SANTIAGO CITY ARTS MONTH Santiago City - February 1 to 28 Folk traditions in music, dance and play and a painting contest featuring home grown talents. 12. SAMBALILO Paranaque City and Metro Manila - February 1 to28 Parañaque and Metro Manila celebrates cityhood with dance contests. 13. SUMAN Festival Town of Baler in Aurora Province - Third Week The festival highlights the varied rice cake delicacies. 14. KALILANGAN General Santos City - Fourth Week A celebration of the harmonious co-existence of numerous cultural and religious communities. 15. ITIK-ITIK Pasig City, Metro Manila - last Sunday Celebrates the native duck (itik). 5

6 16. SIBUG - SIBUG FESTIVAL Ipil, Zamboanga Sibugay - February 17 to 26 Sibug Sibug Festival is celebrated during their foundation day on the province of Sibugay on February 26, with colorful Ethnic Street dancing with rituals illustrating good harvest, wedding and healing rituals. During the festival, it endorses it s number one product which is the oyster or talaba in tagalong which has been known to be the biggest, juiciest, and meatiest oysters in the country. Month of MARCH 1. KAAMULAN Malaybalay, Bukidnon - March 3 to 7 Expect the Bukidnon to go tribal from the first to the second week of March, when the streets of Malaybalay take on that familiar fiesta theme. Banners, banderitas, and beer will be standard, as well as the sweet, haunting sound of native music. An early morning pamuhat ritual kicks off the festivities, to be followed by an ethnic food fest, trade fairs, and a lot of native dancing. 2. ARYA ABRA Abra Province - March 7 to 10 Celebrates the founding of Abra Province with a variety of events, including raft and horse races. 3. SANDUGO Tagbilaran, Bohol - Month-long (movable) Highlighted every 16 March by re-enactment of the Blood Compact between Spain's Miguel Lopez de Legazpi and Datu Sik tuna, which helped forge friendly relations between the two countries. 4. ARAW NG DABAW March The celebration of Davao's Foundation Day as a chartered city. 5. PINTADOS DE PASI March Depicts the history of the Passi City and how it got its name. 6. HOMONHON LANDING Southeastern Samar - March 16 A pageant by the seashore re-enacting the discovery of the Philippines by Ferdinand Magellan. 7. MT. MANUNGGAL Central Cebu - March 16 to17 A Mountain trek, which Darks the anniversary of the tragic death of President Ramon Magsaysay, whose plane crashed on the mountain. 8. SINIGAYAN Sagas, Negros Occidental - March 19 Named after the native seashell (sigay). Shell craft art is featured during the festival. 9. FIRST MASS IN THE PHILIPPINES Limasawa Island, Southern Leyte - March 31 Features a street pageant by the different municipalities. 10. EASTER FESTIVALS 10.1 MORIONES Marinduque - Easter Sunday The island of Marinduque prides itself in being the "Lenten Capital of the Philippines", and it is easy to understand why. Come the seven days of Holy Week, the people of the island take part in the age-old ritual of the "Moriones". Colorful warrior costumes are worn topped with finely carved masks portraying the violent Roman soldiers of Christ's time. All these are done to show the story of the conversion of Longuinus, the centurion who stabbed Jesus' side - and his subsequent beheading LENTEN FESTIVAL OF HERBAL PREPARATION Easter Saturday Secret rites of herbalists from the Visayas and Mindanao, who gather in San Antonio, Siquijor, for the ceremony know as Tang Alap, the combining of medicinal herbs SEMANA SANTA Iguig, Cagayan -HoIy Week Pilgrims flock to the 11 hectare Calvary Hills to meditate on the passion and death of Jesus christ AGOO SEMANA SANTA Agoo, La Union Features a parade of carriages and a Penitential Procession of women, dressed in black SALUBONG Angono, Rizal Celebrates the reunion of the Risen Christ with the Virgin Mary. Month of APRIL 1. CUTUD LENTENRITES 6

7 San Fernando, Pampanga 16 to 18 April Prayer of a different meaning during the Lenten season, when villagers of San Pedro, Cutud, engage in the act of self-flagellation. This ancient ritual is executed in the morning of Good Friday during the Holy Week. Backs, arms, and legs are cut and then struck with burillo beats. The climax to this occasion happens at midday, when penitents are literally nailed to their waiting crosses. 2. KALILANG Marawi City - April 10 to 15 The charter anniversary celebration of Marawi City. A celebration of Muslim culture, including songs, dances, crafts and food. 3. KADAUGAN SA MACTAN Cebu City - April 27 A complete reenactment of the Battle of Mactan, in which Magellan's Forces were defeated by Lapu-lapu and his warriors, resulting in the death of the Spanish explorer. 4. TANDUYONG San Jose City - 4th Sunday A celebration of the harvest featuring colorful costumes and street dancing. Focuses on the contribution of onions, garlic and other vegetables to the city's economy 5. CONQUER MT. APO Kapatagan, Davao del Sur - April 1 to 5 A climbing expedition to the top of Mt. Apo, the country's highest peak. 6. BANKARERA Penablanca, Cagayan - April 21 A boat rowing race held on the Pinacanauan river in Callao Caves Tourist Zone. 7. CASSAVA Camotes Islands, Cebu - Last week of April Highlights many uses of this root crop. Features cooking contests. 8. BINIRAYAN San Jose, Antique - late April Celebrates the re-enactment of the landing of ten Bormeo Datus in 13th Century. Month of MAY 1. PASALAMAT LA CARLOTA 1st Sunday Offers thanksgiving to God of Agriculture in Kanlaon Volcano. 2. TAPUSAN Alitagtag, Batangas - month-long Celebration to honor the Holy Cross. 3. BOHOL month long Celebrations throughout the province, I where sumptuous feasts are prepared. All Boholanos are expected to return home for the fiesta. 4. PISTA'Y DAYAT Lingayen, Pangasinan - May 1 Celebrate rich harvested seafood in the province. 5. ALINSANGAN BOA-BOAHAN Nabla, Camarines Sur - May 1 A fertility festival of pagan origin. 6. CARABAO CARROZA RACE Pavia, Iloilo - May 3 The race features the fastest water buffalos (carabaos) in the area pulling bamboo carts. 7. RODEO PILIPINO Masbate City - May 6-9 The highlight of Masbate's Livestock Week focusing on the importance of cattle raising to the island's economy. 8. PAHIYAS Lucban, Laguna - May 15 Honors San lsidro, the patron saint of farmers. Beautiful decorations, made of edible rice dough, are placed on the exteriors of houses representing various agricultural products. 9. MAGAYON Mt. Mayon Volcano in Albay, Bicol Region - May 1-31 Pays tribute to the beauty and power of regal Mt. Mayon Volcano in Albay, Bicol Region. 10. PINEAPPLE Daet, Camarines Norte - May 1-31 In honor of Daet's main crop, the Queen Formosa Pineapple, reputed to be the sweetest variety. 11. FLORES DE MAYO / SANTACRUZAN Nationwide - May A parade of the town's loveliest ladies, representing the search and discovery of Christ's Cross by Queen Helena and Constantine. 12. HUNDRED ISLANDS Lucap, Pangasinan - May Thanksgiving festival for the blessings of the 7

8 unique, natural island formations. 13. MANGGAHAN SA GUIMARAS Guimaras - May Celebrates the founding of province and its famous golden mangoes. 14. BOLIBONG KINGKING Loboc, Bohol - May A music and dance festival of folklore and traditions. 15. PANAGYAMAN Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya - May Commemorates the establishment of civil government in the province. 16. ANTIPOLO PILGRIMAGE Month long of May Thousands of devotees venerate the miraculous sightings of the Virgin of Antipolo image. 17. BANGKERO Pagsanjan - Last Sunday of May A flotilla of decorated boats (bancas). Features the skills of the Pagsanjan boatmen. 18. PAHIYAS/MAYON/AGAWAN Quezon May Flowers come out in May, but these aren't the only things displayed during this merry month. Down south in the town of Lucban, Quezon, there's also the kiping - a colorful, transparent rice tortilla that serves as an edible ornament of sorts. You will see lots of these at the Pahiyas Festival, an annual celebration held to accompany in a bountiful harvest, and smashing good times. It's a free-for-all, grab-all-you-can affair with suman-sweet, sticky native rice cakes-as the center of contention. It is also the grand prize, so feel free to join the battle. Rest assured, whether you get handfuls or just a plain mouthful, the Mayohan sa Tayabas will leave you wanting for more - suman, of course! Sariaya's own version of the San Isidro festival showcases the creativity and ingenuity of the townsfolk in their craft and culinary tradition. Month of JUNE 1. MUDPACKFESTIVAL Murcia, Negros Occidental - 24 June Oneness with nature is the underlying theme behind Murcia's annual mud-moving spectacle. Check on its cloudy highlight - a lively street dancing parade with the participant wearing nothing but mudpacks (well, almost...). It's a safe way to mix our ecological concerns with good, clean, cloddy fun - just be sure to shower afterwards! 2. PINYAHAN SADAET Daet, Camarines Norte 15 to 24 June Sweet, juicy pineapple is the fruit of choice for the people of Daet, Camarines Norte. In fact, they loved it so much that they made a festival in its honor. Join the locals as they celebrate the Pineapple Festival featuring a colorful street presentation set by art exhibits, trade fair, cultural dances, and sport events. Feel rich when you go for a visit at Paracale Gold Mines, and be familiar with some Bicol heroes like Vinzon and Panganiban and Lucban. 3. PARADA NGLECHON Balayan, Batangas - 24 June A different sight and flavor are introduced in June with a festival in Balayan, Batangas, commonly known as the "Parada Ng Lechon". These luscious roasted pork form the highlight of the occasion, decorated out in their platforms with all kinds of décor. Since the festival corresponds with the feast of St. John the Baptist, be prepared to get wet as people observe the feast by repeating the ritual of baptism - pouring water. 4. TACLOBAN PINTADOS FESTIVAL Tacloban City - 29 June Back during pre-hispanic years, tattoos denoted courage among the natives of Tacloban. These days they symbolize a cultural revival, and a wild, wild fiesta called the Pintados. Join the town residents as they decorate themselves out in body paint, imitating the warriors of old while dancing to the frantic beat of drums. 5. BUKLOG Dipolog City, Mindanao - June 1-6 Festival features stationary dancing by native Subanons on three meterstructures. 6. BARAGATAN Puerto Princesa City - June Celebration of the founding anniversary of the civil government of Palawan. 7. PILI Sorsogon - June Street dancing showcasing the growth stages of Bicol's indigenous Pilinut. 8

9 8. TAONG-PUTIK Aliaga -June 24 Devotees of St. John the Baptist cover their bodies with mud, vines, banana and coconut leaves. 9. ARAW NG MAYNILA Manila - June 24 Celebrates the founding of Manila with parades and sports events and the Manila Film Festival. 10. SUBLIAN SA BATANGAS Batangas City - June 26 Celebrates the Foundation Day of Batangas City. Month of JULY 1. SANDUGO FESTIVAL Tagbilaran City July The Spanish colonization of the Philippines began with a blood-sealed peace treaty on the shores of Bohol. This historic event is considered today with an all-out fiesta at the island's capital city. Check out the Sandugo street dancing parade featuring ten colorfully-dressed groups dancing to the beat of drums. There's also a traditional Filipino carnival, a martial arts festival, and Miss Bohol Sandugo Beauty Pageant, among the dozen of other exciting activities. 2. KINABAYO FESTIVAL Dapitan City - 25 July An exotic and colorful pageant re-enacting the Spanish-Moorish wars, particularly the Battle of Covadonga where the Spanish forces under General Pelagio took their last stand against Saracan. They were able to overturn the tide through the miraculous spirit of St. James. The addition of local color and modernism has made this annual revelry a popular attraction which brings thousands of visitors to the city. 3. FEAST OF OUR LADY OF PIAT Cagayan - July 1-2 A major religious event highlighted by the procession of the Marian. 4. SAGAYAN Tubod, Lanao del Norte -July 3-4 The festival has its origin in a war dance that connotes masculinity. Unique in the fact that it has no religious connotation. 5. PAGODA Pasig River, Metro Manila First Sunday of July The Holy Cross of Wawa is paraded in a specially built river boat (pagoda), accompanied by other vessels in a river procession along the Pasig River, Metro Manila. 6. CORDILLERA DAY Cordillera Administrative Region - July 15 Cultural activities celebrating the creation of the Cordillera Administrative Region. 7. PINTA FLORES San Carlos City, Negros Occidental - July 1 Participants with floral-painted bodies dance through the streets. 8. TINALAK Koronadal, Cotabato Province Harvest celebration. 9. IMBALAY Nabunturan Highlighted by Mansaka Tribal dances. Month of AUGUST 1. KADAYAWAN SA DABAW Davao City August Davao's annual festival, Kadayawan Sa Dabaw assures another weekend of trumpet blast and fun - tribal style. Watch as the festivities reach a glorious peak on Saturday morning: that's when the Kadayawan parade is held, featuring colorful, orchid-bedecked floats and more than a dozen "ethnic" groups dancing to the beat of wooden drums. 2. ADLAW HONG BUTUAN Butuan City - August 2 Charter Day celebration of Butuan City. 3. PALO-PALO Northern Province, Batanes - August 4-5 Cultural presentation of the lifestyles of the inhabitants of the Philippines most remote Northern Province, Batanes. 4. KAADLAWAN HAN SAMAR Catbalogan, Samar - August 11 Marking the celebration of Samar's provincehood. 5. KALIBONGAN Kidapawan City - August 14 A gathering of tribal groups featuring horse fighting and a blood compact ceremony in Kidapawan City. 6. KIDAPAWAN FRUIT 9

10 2nd weak Featuring cultural shows and a variety of exhibits. 7. LUBI-LUBI Calubian, Leyte - August 15 Festivities in Calubian, Leyte, which focus on the various uses of coconut and its by-products. 8. BUYOGAN Abuyog, Leyte - August 19 Bees (buyog) depicts origin of town's name in colorful dances. Month of SEPTEMBER 1. BONOK-BONOK FESTIVAL & SILOP CAVE ADVENTURE Surigao City - 9 September Behind Surigao's talented culture is its original tribal background. The Surigaonons go back to their roots this month as they celebrate their heritage with a loud, noisy street dancing parade. 2. PEÑAFRANCIA VIVA LA VIRGEN Naga City - 16 September (third saturday of september) Bicol Region's largest celebration is an annual affair that combines religion with culture and tradition, stuffing it all in a 9-day fiesta of biblical proportions. Stay until sundown for stirring climax: the fluvial parade as it makes its way down the river, surrounded by a sea of glowing candles - a fitting end of this truly spiritual occasion. 3. TUNA SA GENSAN General Santos City - September 3-5 Celebrates the contribution of tuna fish to the General Santos City's livelihood. 4. SARAKIKI Calbayog City, Samar - September 1-8 The Filipino passion for cockfighting is celebrated with dancing and costumes which mimic the movements and appearance of the brave birds. 5. PANAGDADAPUN Cabarroquis, Quirino - September 8-10 Presentation of 19 cultural groups residing in the province. 6. T'BOLI TRIBAL South Cotabato - Third week The culture of this unique tribe is celebrated in South Cotabato. 7. ARAW NG SIQUIJOR Siquijor - Third week Solili street dancing depicts the marriage rituals of the locals in Siquijor. Month of OCTOBER 1. ZAMBOANGA HERMOSA FESTIVAL Zamboanga City October All roads in Mindanao lead to Zamboanga, as the "City of Flowers" celebrates its grand, annual Hermosa Festival. The vintas, those colorful native sea boats, once again make their appearance in a fast-paced, race-till-you-drop regatta. There's also a wealth of cultural and flower shows, art exhibits, and trade fairs. It's an all-out celebration of life - Chavacano style! 2. MASSKARA FESTIVAL Bacolod City October The carnival spirit fills the air as masked participants putting on magnificent costumes dance there way around the city's main street. This annual event reflects Bacolenos' love for fun and jollity. Corresponding with the city's character day celebration, the festival features carnivals. 3. LANZONES FESTIVAL Camiguin - Third week of October Lanzones Festival in Mambadjao Camiguin is celebrated with a weekend street dancing competition and parties, cultural shows, parade and beauty pageant (coronation of Mutya sa Buahanan) and trade fair that features local handicraft and products.houses, street poles and even people are ornamented with lanzones during the lanzones festival. 4. SIARGAO SURFING CUP 1st week (movable) A recently inaugurated event held at Cloud 9 Break near General Luna, which has placed the Philippines on the international surfing calendar. 5. IBALONG Legazpi City, Bicol - October 6-12 The festival depicts Bicol's early history and is named after an early hero of the region. 6. LA NAVAL Quezon City and Angeles City - 2nd Sunday Celebrates the victory at sea against the Dutch in An image of the Virgin is paraded through the streets of Quezon City in a carriage decorated to resemble a ship. Also celebrated in Angeles City. 7. CATANDUNGAN 10

11 Virac, Catanduanes - October The festival celebrates the founding of the province. 8. A BATTLE OF SURIGAO STRAIT October 25 Commemorates the anniversary of the largest naval battle in historywhich took place in World War ll. 9. FIESTANG KULIAT (Tigtigan, Terakan Keng Dalan) Balibago,Angeles City, Pampanga - last week of October Large street festival 10. SAGINGAN Tubod, Lanao del Node - October Street pageant, where the dancers wear costumes made from banana plants. 11. LEYTE GULF LANDING Palo, Leyte - October 20 Marks the anniversary of the Allied Forces landing on Red Beach and the famous return of General Douglas MacArthur to the Philippines. Month of NOVEMBER 1. PINTA FLORES FESTIVAL San Carlos City 3 to 5 November This city in the sugar-producing island of Negros Occidental honors its patron saint, San Carlos Borromeo, with a pageant where participants with floral painted bodies dance in rhythmic beat as they wind through the major streets. The festival is inspired by the tattooed Negrenses of pre-colonial times. 2. FEAST OF SAN CLEMENTE / HIGANTES Angono, Rizal - 23 November A fiesta of "gigantic" proportions, this one is highlighted by a grand procession featuring the higantes, ten-feet papier-mâche puppets, surrounded by a crowd of drenched, water-fighting revelers. Better bring your squirt gun if you want to join the f`un. It is a water-logged event that is sure to leave you wet n' wild - and wanting for more. 3. KANSILAY November 5-13 Named after the tree with purple-pink flowers. The festival incorporates the celebration of Cinco de Noviembre, a bloodless revolution in Silay which overthrew the city guards. 4. HELUBONG Lake Sebu, South Cotabato - 2nd week Cultural presentations of the T'Boli and B'Laan ethnic minorities. 5. SANDUGUAN Calapan, Oriental, Mindoro - November Re-enactment of the first contact between the natives of Mindoro and Chinese traders. 6. GUINAKIT OF MAGUINDANAO Rio Grande de Mindanao - November 22 Decorated boats are tied together and parade along the river. 7. MT. PINATUBO TREK Capas Tarlac - November 30 A trek to summit of the world-famous volcano, guided by native Aetas. 8. P'YAGSAWITAN Maragusan, Compostela Valley - Third week A thanksgiving festival that highlights the province's eco-tourism potential 9. FEAST OF THE IMMACULATE CONCEPTION Puerto Princesa City, Palawan - November 29 to December 8 Highlighted by a fluvial parade and nightly cultural presentations. Month of DECEMBER 1. SHARIFF KABUNSUAN FESTIVAL Cotabato City December Cotabato City's Moslem population celebrates the arrival of Islam to the region with a series of fun-filled activities. No need to go native to enjoy these - there's a fluvial parade, an outrigger boat race, as well as various musical and athletics events. more on kabunsuan festival 2. GIANT LANTERN FESTIVAL San Fernando, Pampanga - 3 December San Fernando makes the biggest, most spectacular lanterns, at around 40 feet in diameter and bearing thousands of light bulbs a piece. Watch them all in their twinkling, blinking, flashing glory in this grand Christmas exhibit. 3. FEAST OF OUR LADY OF THE IMMACULATE CONCEPCION Roxas City, Panay and Malabon, Manila December 8 11

12 The Roxas Festival is a showcase of the culture of the province, while the Malabon celebration features a river procession. 4. OLONGAPO FESTIVAL December 30 The city's festivities include a lantern parade. 5. GRAND MARIAN PROCESSION lntramuros, Manila - December 2 Sixty images of the Virgin Mary are paraded on lavishly decorated carriages (carrozas). 6. CHRISTMAS SYMBOLS Tangub, Misamis Occidental - Month long of December A contest for Christmas displays that utilize indigenous materials. 7. TULTUGAN Maasin Highlights the town's bamboo industry and the versatility of bamboo. Holidays I. REGULAR HOLIDAYS January 1 - New Year's Day Araw ng Bagong Taon Fixed date: Celebrates the first day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. April 9 - Day of Valor Araw ng Kagitingan Fixed Date: Commemorates the Fall of Bataan during the Japanese invasion of the Philippines, and by extension, the courage of Filipino and American soldiers at the Fall of Corregidor, the Bataan Death March and throughout the Second World War. In 2009, Araw ng Kagitingan fell on Maundy Thursday so it was moved to April 6. April - Maundy Thursday Huwebes Santo Movable Date: Maundy Thursday is part of Holy Week (Tagalog: Mahal na Araw; Spanish: Semana Santa). This holy day commemorates the Last Supper of Christ with His Twelve Apostles. April - Good Friday Biyernes Santo Movable Date: Good Friday is the most important and solemn day of Holy Week, as it commemorates the suffering, crucifixion and death of Christ. Processions, Passion plays, the recitation of the Pasyon, and various religious services are among the customs practiced on this day. May 1 - Labor Day Araw ng mga Manggagawa Fixed Date: Celebrates workers. The first Labor Day celebrations were held in the Philippines on May 1, 1903, with a large rally in front of Malacañan Palace staged by the Union Obrera Democratica (Democratic Laborers Union), which pressed for workers economic rights. June 12 - Independence Day Araw ng Kalayaan Fixed Date: Celebrates the Philippine Declaration of Independence and the establishment of the First Philippine Republic by Emilio Aguinaldo on 12 June From 1947 to 1964 (see below), Independence Day was celebrated on July 4. July - Eid'l Fitr Pagwawakas ng Ramadan Movable Date: Celebrates the end of the fasting month of Ramadan; also the first day of the month Shawwal in Islamic calendar. It was created by virtue of Republic Act No and signed on 13 November The law was enacted in deference to the Filipino Muslim community and to promote peace among the major religions in the Philippines. August - National Heroes' Day Araw ng mga Bayani Movable Date: Commemorates all the nation's heroes throughout history. It is a regular holiday marking the 1896 Cry of Pugad Lawin by the Katipunan (led by its Supremo Andrés Bonifacio), which began the Philippine Revolution. This holiday happens every last Monday of August. October - Eid'l Adha Pista ng Pagsasakripisyo Movable Date: Celebrates the end of the Hajj and the feast when Muslims sacrifice a goat, sheep, cow or a camel to be sent to the poor as a donation. The Hajj is when Muslims go on required pilgrimage to Mecca. November 30 - Bonifacio Day Araw ng Kapanganakan ni Bonifacio Fixed Date: Commemorates the birth of national hero Andrés Bonifacio on November 30, Bonifacio is remembered on his birthday, rather than the date of his death (10 May 1897), which is marred by the fact he was executed by the Filipino revolutionary government and not, as in the case of other heroes, by colonial powers. The Aguinaldo government executes Bonifacio, whom it labelled an enemy of the state after the events 12

13 at the Tejeros Convention. Often confused with National Heroes' Day.[citation needed] December 25 - Christmas Day Araw ng Pasko Fixed Date: Celebrates the Nativity of Christ. Since some 80% of Filipinos are Christian, Christmas in the Philippines is one of the longest in the world, starting as early as September until the last week of January.[citation needed] It is one of the most important holidays and religious observances of the year along with the Holy Week. December 30 - Rizal Day Araw ng Kabayanihan ni Dr. Jose Rizal Fixed Date : Commemorates the execution of national hero José Rizal by Spanish colonial government on 30 December II. SPECIAL NON-WORKING HOLIDAYS January -Chinese New Year Bagong Taon ng mga Tsino Movable Date: Also known as the Spring Festival or Lunar New Year, it is mainly celebrated by the Filipino Chinese but has slowly received wider exposure in popular culture. April -Black Saturday Sábado de Gloria; Sabado ng Gloria Movable Date: One of the days of Holy Week or Mahal na Araw. It remembers the day Christ's body has been lain in the sepulchre, while his soul descended into the realm of the dead to save the righteous souls who had died before his time. July - 100th Anniversary of the Iglesia ni Cristo Ang ika-100 na Anibersaryo ng Iglesia ni Cristo Fixed Date: This holiday is originally called as Iglesia ni Cristo Day and it is a special working holiday since 2009 but it was declared as a special non-working holiday for this year 2014 to commemorate the 100th Anniversary of the Iglesia ni Cristo. The INC is the largest indigenous Christian church in Asia and the 3rd largest religion in the Philippines. August 21 - Ninoy Aquino Day Araw ng Kabayanihan ni Ninoy Aquino Fixed Date: Commemorates the unsolved assassination of former Senator and prominent oppositionist Benigno "Ninoy" Aquino, Jr. in 1983, which was a catalyst for the People Power Revolution in November 1 - All Saints' Day - Undás; Todos los Santos; Araw ng mga Santo Fixed Date: Filipinos observe this day by visiting graves, repairing and clean their tombs and offering prayers, flowers, food and candles to the dead. Many visit their ancestors in their native provinces, thus making it an occasion for reunions with extended family. November 2 - All Souls' Day Araw ng mga Patay Fixed Date: The actual memorial of the dead mandated by the Catholic Church. Visiting of graves continues from the previous day. December 24 - Christmas Eve Bisperas ng Pasko Fixed Date: The day before Christmas. Filipino Christian families generally hold an extravagant midnight feast called nochebuena on this day, beginning shortly before midnight. December 31 - Last day of the year Bisperas ng Bagong Taon; Huling Araw ng Bagong Taon Fixed Date: Also known as New Year's Eve, families hold a second, extravagant midnight feast called medianoche to greet the coming year. Loud noises are made and firecrackers are lit, in the belief that this drives away misfortune from the previous year. III. SPECIAL HOLIDAY FOR ALL SCHOOLS February 25 - EDSA Revolution Anniversary Anibersaryo ng Rebolusyon sa EDSA Fixed Date: A special non-working holiday to mark the 1986 People Power Revolution that ended the 20 years of dicatorial rule of President Ferdinand Marcos. Since 2010, it was made a special holiday only for schools.[19] IV. OTHER HOLIDAYS January - Prophet Mohhamed's Birthday Araw ng Kapanganakan ni Propetang Mohhamed Movable Date: Known elsewhere as Mawlid, the day marks the birth of the Prophet Muhammad on the 12th day of Rabi' al-awwal, the third month of the Islamic calendar. February 2 - Constitution Day Araw ng Saligang Batas Movable Date: A working holiday which was first observed in Celebrates the ratification of the current 1987 Constitution. 13

14 May 24 - Vesak Day Araw ng Bisyak Movable Date: Celebrated by Filipino Buddhists, to mark three important events in the life of Gautama Buddha: his birth, his Enlightenment, and his physical death and spiritual entry into Parinirvana. In 2001, President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo signed a proclamation declaring the day in May of the full moon as Vesak Day. June 19 - Jose Rizal's birthday Araw ng Kapanganakan ni Jose Rizal Movable Date: First declared in 1961 by President Carlos P. García in honor of the birth centenary of José Rizal. Monday, 20 June 2011 was declared a special non-working holiday by President Benigno Aquino III for Rizal's 150th birth anniversary as requested by the National Historical Commission of the Philippines. July 27 - Iglesia ni Cristo Day Araw ng Iglesia ni Cristo Fixed Date: In 2009, July 27 was designated by a Republic Act as a yearly special national working holiday to honor the foundation of the Iglesia ni Cristo in 1914.[21] This day was declared as a special non-working holiday in the year 2014 to commemorate the church's 100th Anniversary. October 21 - National Day of Celebration Araw ng Pambansang Pagdiriwang Movable Date: Presidential Proclamation No. 481 declared Sunday, 21 October 2012 as a national day of celebration for the canonisation of Saint Pedro Calungsod, the second Filipino saint. October Muharram (Islamic New Year) Unang Buwan ng Muharram Movable Date: Holiday to mark the beginning of the Islamic year. V. LOCAL OBSERVANCE Philippine cities, municipalities, or barangays, often observe one or more holidays. Being a predominantly Catholic country, these are usually the feasts of the locale's one or more patron saints. Secular observances usually mark a government's founding day or the birth or death of a prominent native. These are often celebrated with parades, processions, entertainment, and feasting, as well as whatever local customs are traditional. Local holidays for the most part are applicable only to the immediate area concerned, and barangay fiestas do not usually warrant a public holiday for the area unless otherwise ordered. January 12 - Valencia City Charter Day This regular holiday applies to Valencia City only. Third Sunday of January - Sinulog This regular holiday applies to Cebu and Tacloban only, honors the Santo Niño. January Republic Day Araw ng Republikang Filipino, 1899 This is only celebrated in the province of Bulacan honoring the 1899 proclamation of the Republic in Malolos, the capital city, with plans to make it a national holiday February 3 - Blas Ople Birth Anniversary This is only celebrated in the province of Bulacan. Celebrates the birth of Blas Ople. February 5 - Biñan Liberation Day This special working holiday applies to Biñan, Laguna only.[23] February 9 - Mandaluyong Liberation and Cityhood Day This regular holiday applies to Mandaluyong City only, honoring the 1945 liberation of Mandaluyong and its 1995 elevation to cityhood. February 11 - Evelio Javier Day This special non-working holiday applies to the provinces of Antique, Capiz, Aklan, and Iloilo only. February 13 - Parañaque Day (Araw ng Parañaque) This regular holiday applies to Parañaque City only. February 14 - Valenzuela City Day Araw ng Lungsod ng Valenzuela This special working holiday applies to Valenzuela City only[25] February 24 - Cebú City Charter Day This regular holiday applies to Cebu City only. February Musikahan Festival This regular holiday applies to Tagum City only. March 1 - Muntinlupa City Charter Day This special non-working holiday applies to Muntinlupa City only.[26] 14

15 March 7 - Tagum City Day Araw ng Tagum Commemorating the elevation of then Tagum municipality into the first component city of Davao del Norte. This regular holiday applies to Tagum City only. March 8 - Compostella Valley Day This special working holiday applies to Compostela Valley only.[27] March 10 - Cavite Day Araw ng Cavite This special working holiday applies only in province of Cavite only. March 16 - Davao City Day Araw ng Dabaw Commemorating the signing of the Davao Charter, creating the City of Davao. This special non-working holiday applies to Davao City only. [28] March 18 - Panay Liberation Day This regular holiday applies to all provinces and cities on the islands of Guimaras, Panay and Romblon March 22 - Malaybalay City Charter Day This special working holiday applies to Malaybalay only.[30] March 27 - San Juan Day Araw ng San Juan This special non-working holiday applies to San Juan City only. April 21 - Calamba City' Day' Araw ng Calamba Commemorating the signing of the Calamba Charter, creating the City of Calamba. This special non-working holiday applies to Calamba City only. May 4 - Ilagan' Day' Aggaw na Ilagan Celebrating the foundation of Ilagan City. This special non-working holiday applies to Ilagan City only. May 27 - San Jose Parish Fiesta Fiesta ni Señor San José Special non-working holiday in honor of Saint Joseph which only applies to Matalom, Leyte. June 1 - Biray Festival Araw ng Imahen ng Birheng Maria Honors the Blessed Virgin Mary as part of the Flores de Mayo in Belison, Antique. This special non-working holiday applies to Belison, Antique only. June 11 - Rizal Province Day Araw ng Rizal This special non-working holiday applies to Rizal province only. June 15 - Cagayán de Oro Charter Day This special non-working holiday applies to Cagayán de Oro City only. June 18 - Naga City Charter Anniversary This regular holiday applies to Naga City only. June 18 - Benguet Foundation Day This special non-working holiday applies to the province of Benguet only. June 19 - Surigao del Sur Day Araw ng Surigao del Sur This special non-working holiday applies to Surigao del Sur only. June 19 - Surigao del Norte Day Araw ng Surigao del Norte This special non-working holiday applies to Surigao del Norte only. June 19 - Feast of Forest Pista ng Kagubatan This special working holiday applies to Palawan only.[34] June 19 - Laguna Day Araw ng Laguna This special non-working holiday applies to the province of Laguna only. This also commemorates Dr. José Rizal's birthday. June 19 - Calambanga Festival Araw ng Calamba This special non-working holiday applies to Calamba City only. This also commemorates Dr. Jose Rizal's birthday and a review of the history of Calamba. June 21 - Agusan del Sur Naliyagan Festival Special non-working holiday, applies to Agusan del Sur only. June 24 - Manila Day Araw ng Maynila This special non-working holiday applies to the 15