General Survey 2015 Winnipeg Police Service A Culture of Safety for All

Transcription

1 General Survey 2015 Winnipeg Police Service A Culture of Safety for All

2 THE WINNIPEG POLICE SERVICE GENERAL SURVEY, 2015 The 2015 Winnipeg Police Service public opinion survey was conducted between September 1 and 5, A total of 606 respondents answered over 100 questions concerning their involvement with, and opinion of, the Winnipeg Police Service. In addition to providing feedback about perceptions of crime, safety and Police Services activities, a public opinion survey is a requirement under the CALEA (Commission on Accreditation for Law Enforcement Agencies) accreditation standards followed by the Winnipeg Police Service. Many of the questions on the survey are tracking questions. They have remained unchanged for over 10 years, through seven surveys, and can be used to measure the changing attitudes of citizens over the years. Revisions in this survey include additional questions on general policing and satisfaction issues as well as more questions about traffic issues. Many of the questions are intended to assess citizens involvement with the Police Service over the past year and many of the survey questions are phrased In the past 12 months did you (in regards to the Winnipeg Police). Thus, the responses generally equate to parts of both the 2014 and 2015 years although the survey was conducted in The WPS general survey prior to this one was reported in About half of the questions were answered by all 606 respondents but the other half were answered by less. For example, question A4.1 asks respondents if they believe crime has increased, decreased or stayed the same in their neighbourhood. Those who said increased (N=118), were asked a follow-up question, A4.2, concerning which crimes they felt had increased. The follow-up question was not appropriate, or asked, of respondents who felt crime had decreased or remained the same. These citizens skipped this question and so the number of respondents who actually answered was less than the total 606. Throughout this report, where appropriate, reference will be made to the N or number of people who answered a specific question. If the N is not mentioned, it may be assumed that all 606 respondents answered. 2

3 METHODOLOGY Winnipeg residents were surveyed by telephone by Prairie Research Associates (PRA) of Winnipeg, Manitoba, from September 1-5, Phone numbers were randomly selected and respondents were allowed to complete the survey if they were Winnipeg residents (inside the Perimeter Highway) and adults. Several quotas were imposed on the survey: That 52% of the respondents should be female (Census Canada); That at least 10% of the total respondents must come from postal code areas relating to police District 1. That at least 18% of the total respondents must come from postal code areas relating to police District 3. It was expected that the ages of the respondents should generally correspond with the demographics of the city as defined by the Canadian Census. Because the field window of this survey was short, at just over four days, the opinions of the respondents were likely not influenced by events involving the WPS that occurred and were reported while the survey was being conducted. As with all surveys, this instrument attempts to estimate the opinions of the entire adult population of Winnipeg by interviewing a small sample of them. This is an exercise in probabilities since it cannot be known for certain how the entire population feels unless we actually talk to each of them. This uncertainty is expressed as a margin of error. In this case the margin of error is 3.75%. This means that, if 40% of survey respondents say they think crime has increased in Winnipeg in the past year, the actual percentage of Winnipeg residents that believes this will probably fall between 36.25% and 43.75%. Or, to put it another way, if 38% of men say they think crime has increased in Winnipeg in the past year and 42% of women say they think crime has increased in Winnipeg in the past year, these values must be treated as equal as they fall within the margin of error. Unlike previous surveys, PRA was able to monitor whether a respondent was using a land line or cell phone. Of the 606 completed surveys, 52 (8.6%) were done by cell phone users. As the ratio between land line and cell phone in Canada continues to shift towards mobile devices, it becomes increasingly imperative to be able to tap into the cell phone using portion of the populace to conduct accurate research. It will be necessary in the future to continue to monitor phone type for the respondents to WPS surveys, and to expect to see the ratio of mobile phones increasing. 3

4 The Organizational Development and Support Division (ODS) of the Winnipeg Police Service was responsible for writing and commissioning the survey. This unit also completed the analysis of the data once it was forwarded from PRA. The data analysis was conducted using SPSS (Statistics Package for the Social Sciences). The responses to each question were assessed in a number of ways. The frequency and percentage of the entire pool of respondents to every question was assessed, of course, but also the frequency of response by the gender, age, police district of residence, educational level and household income of the respondents. In some questions these breakouts yielded interesting information but not in others. If the responses to a question were statistically significant when these variables were assessed, this fact is cited in the report. Otherwise there is no mention made of these data. Five questions scattered throughout the survey specifically asked respondents if they had had a personal interaction with a WPS officer or member. All respondents, 240 in total, who answered yes to any of these questions, were placed in a data grouping of those who had contact with the WPS in the past year. All others (366) were placed in a no contact group. Contact was used as a demographic for certain questions, to see how the fact of having personal contact with the police had affected the opinions of the respondents. 4

5 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Public Opinion of the Winnipeg Police Service Respondents were asked their overall opinion about the quality of police service in Winnipeg. This is a tracking question and has been asked in every survey since Over seventy percent of the respondents rated the WPS as excellent-good compared with 5% who rated it as poor-very poor. The good-excellent score is up 11% from 2010, and is the best rating seen for this question since Overall 91% reported that they had confidence in the police with 50% saying they had a great deal of confidence. Overall 81% reported that they felt the police were trustworthy usually or all the time. Overall 71% rated the police good to excellent for their professionalism. Overall 67% reported that they felt the police rated good to excellent for their level of courtesy. Seven percent indicated they had not very much or no confidence at all in the police; 4% percent indicated the police were rarely or not at all trustworthy; 6% percent rated the WPS as poor-very poor for their level of professionalism and 5% indicated the police were poor or very poor for courtesy. In total, these numbers are positive but there are certainly areas for improvement in the eyes of the public. Winnipeg in a Comparative Perspective Compared to past surveys, more Winnipeg residents feel that crime in this city is about equivalent with that seen in other Canadian cities. This is an improvement from past surveys as respondents have always expressed the opinion that Winnipeg had more crime than other Canadian cities. Further, the majority of respondents believe that the crime rate in the city has stabilized and not changed over the last year. Neighbourhood Safety Almost all (95%) of the respondents felt that they would be safe walking in their neighbourhood during the day and a majority (71%) said they felt reasonably or very safe walking in their neighbourhood after dark. This is a significant improvement from past surveys, in which 57% of respondents felt safe walking in their neighborhood after dark. These are positive results towards creating a culture of safety for all. When asked about the visible presence of the police in their neighbourhood, 60% thought there were just about the right number of officers. On the other hand, 5% said there are too many officers, and this is an increase from previous surveys, in which only about 1% said there were too many officers. Further, the number of respondents who thought there were too few officers declined by 14% from the average of previous surveys. 5

6 Shift in Reporting Preferences 58% said that they would prefer to report incidents to the police by phone. This is a significant decrease from a 79% average in previous surveys. 23% said they would prefer to report over the internet, a very sizeable increase from the 8% who wanted this option in Younger residents (34%) were much more likely to want to report over the internet than older ones (12%). Decrease in Support for Photo Radar The 2015 results show a decline in support for photo-radar cameras. The overall approval rate has decreased 12.1% from 2007 to this survey, and the number who strongly approve has declined 19.4%. In concert with this, the number that strongly disapproves has increased by 6.0% from Citizen support for camera enforcement is still high, but is clearly weakening. Opportunities for Improvement Respondents surveyed who had personal contact with the police were more likely than those who had not been in contact with the police to rate the service as poor or very poor for customer service elements and overall quality. In most instances, less positive ratings for customer service elements doubled for respondents who had contact with the police compared to those who had not. This was most evident for younger respondents overall and District 1 respondents in particular. 29% of individuals surveyed indicated that they would feel unsafe or very unsafe walking alone downtown, even in daytime, while 81% reported they would feel unsafe or very unsafe walking alone downtown after dark. Further, 91% of females said they would feel unsafe walking alone downtown after dark. Of those respondents who had reported an incident, 88% said they did not know if anyone was arrested or charged because of the incident. This was noted as a negative issue in previous surveys. Further 72% of those who had reported an incident said they had received no further information from the police about their case 53% of these said this was not satisfactory. 6

7 KEY FINDINGS Respondents were asked their overall opinion about the quality of police service in Winnipeg. This question has been asked in the last seven WPS general public surveys and the results can be seen below (Question H10): H10. In general, what is your feeling about the overall quality of police service in Winnipeg? Do you feel the quality of police service is? Excellent 15.0% 15.0% 12.1% 7.8% 13.4% 17.8% 19.8% Good 56.0% 57.0% 54.7% 55.0% 47.5% 52.3% 51.8% Average 23.0% 24.0% 28.5% 31.2% 31.9% 24.4% 22.4% Poor 4.0% 2.0% 2.7% 4.3% 3.9% 3.4% 4.3% Very Poor 0.0% 1.0% 1.3% 0.5% 1.3% 1.1% 0.7% No Opinion 1.0% 0.0% 0.7% 1.3% 2.1% 1.0% 1.0% Over seventy percent (71.6%) of the respondents rated the WPS as excellent or good (topbox score) compared with 5% who rated it as poor-very poor (lowbox score). The topbox score is up 11% from 2010, and is the best rating seen for this question since The 71.6% topbox score should be seen as a confirmation of the above average rating seen in the 2013 survey. H10. In general, what is your feeling about the overall quality of police service in Winnipeg? Do you feel the quality of police service is? Topbox and lowbox scores Topbox 71.0% 72.2% 66.8% 62.8% 60.9% 70.1% 71.6% Lowbox 4.0% 3.5% 4.0% 4.8% 5.2% 2.1% 5.0% Respondents who had personal contact with the police were more likely to rate the service as poor or very poor for customer service elements such as trustworthiness, professionalism, courtesy, confidence in fair treatment and overall quality. This was most evident for District 1 respondents. Here, 21.4% of those who had had contact rated the WPS as poor-very poor, compared to only 5.1% of those who had had no contact (Question H10). More Winnipeg residents feel that crime in the city overall has remained the same over the past year. Of the remainder, more feel that crime decreased and fewer feel that crime has increased than in recent past surveys (Question A1). Females (32%) were more likely than males (23%) to feel that crime had increased; males were more likely (19%) to feel that crime had decreased than females (8%) (Question A1). 7

8 District 3 residents were more likely than others to feel that crime was increasing; they were also more likely than others to feel crime overall was decreasing (Question A1). In past surveys, the largest number of surveyed citizens felt Winnipeg had more crime than other Canadian cities. This year, however, more respondents believed that Winnipeg has about the same amount of crime (45%) (Question A2). Of the remainder, the percentage that believes we have more crime in Winnipeg has decreased from 45% to 35% and the percentage that feels we have less crime has increased from 9% to 14% (Question A2). When queried about how they view their own neighbourhood (Question A3), the majority of respondents, 64%, thought they lived in a low crime area. The majority of Winnipeg respondents, 67%, felt that crime rates in their neighbourhood had remained about the same as last year (Question A4.1). 19% felt that crime had increased in their neighbourhood and 11% believed that crime had decreased. 33% of respondents living in District 1 felt crime had increased in their neighbourhood, compared to 17% of residents from the rest of the city (Question A4.1). Those who felt crime was on the increase, stated specifically (Question A4.2): o Car/garage break-ins 21.8% o B&E 21.8% o Theft from cars, car vandalism / graffiti 12.8% o Theft under /bicycle theft 10.5% When asked to rate a number of neighbourhood problems in terms of their seriousness, respondents overall selected traffic violations as being the most serious, followed by drug problems and vandalism/graffiti (Question A5). Almost all (95%) of the respondents felt that they would be safe walking in their neighbourhood during the day (combines responses very safe + reasonably safe) (Question A7). When asked if they felt safe in their neighbourhood after dark a majority (71%) said they felt reasonably or very safe (Question A8). This is a significant improvement from the average of the 2010 and 2007 surveys, in which 57% of respondents felt safe walking in their neighbourhood after dark. As in previous surveys, males (84%) were much more likely than females (59%) to feel safe walking in their neighbourhood after dark (Question A8). 70% of all respondents indicated that they feel safe or relatively safe walking alone downtown in daytime. 29% though, indicated this scenario would make them feel unsafe or very unsafe (Question A9). It is interesting to note that a higher percentage of Division 1 respondents, felt safer (76%) walking alone downtown in daytime than did respondents from other districts (67% average). 8

9 Only 17% of all respondents said they would feel safe or relatively safe walking alone downtown after dark, while 81% reported they would feel unsafe or very unsafe. Further, 91% of females said they would feel unsafe walking alone downtown after dark (Question A10). When those who never use public transport are factored out, 61.8% of respondents state they would be somewhat to very worried waiting/using public transportation after dark. About 20% said they would not be at all concerned (Question A11.1). When those who never use public transport are factored out, 71% of females state they would be somewhat to very worried waiting/using public transportation after dark compared with 51% of males. Only 8% of females said they would not be at all concerned (Question A11.1). 18% of the respondents indicated that they were the victim of a crime in the past year that they did not report to the police (Question A12.1; 85% percent of the unreported crimes were property offenses while 15% were personal crimes (Question A12.2). About half (54%) of the 31 respondents who had used online reporting said they were satisfied with their experience (Question B3) although 22% reported they were not very satisfied or not at all satisfied with the WPS online reporting. Respondents were asked how they would prefer to report a crime to the police (Question B4). 58% said that they would prefer to report by phone, down from 79% average in previous surveys. 23% (up from 8% in 2013) said they would prefer to report over the internet. Younger residents (34%) were much more likely to want to report over the internet than older ones (12%). Of those respondents who had reported an incident 88% said they did not know if anyone was arrested or charged because of the incident (Question C13). This suggests an area where improved communication is needed. Of the respondents who were contacted by the police for any reason in the past year, 78.5% reported they were happy or satisfied with the encounter (Question D3). 12.3% expressed more negative emotions, an improvement from 30% who were negative about this contact in 2013 (Question D3). Also, the trend towards older respondents expressing negative feelings about police contacts is not evident in the 2015 results. A total of 25 (4.1%) respondents had had an occasion to complain about the conduct of a Winnipeg Police Service officer (Question F1). Of these, three proceeded to make a complaint with the Police Service (Question F2.1). 70.8% of respondents approved of the use of mobile photo enforcement cameras, either strongly or moderately (Question G1). 9

10 The concept that support for photo-radar cameras has declined over time is supported by the 2015 results. The overall approval rate has declined 12.1% from 2007 to this survey, and the number who strongly approve has declined 19.4%. Furthermore, the number that strongly disapproves has increased by 6.0% from 2007 (Question G1). 81% of respondents approved of the use of red light cameras, either strongly or moderately. A higher percentage of females (85%) approve of the cameras than do males (73.6%) (Question G2). The approval pattern seen in the responses to the photo-radar question is evident here as well but is less apparent. The overall approval rate for red light cameras has declined 7.4% from 2007 to this survey, and the number who strongly approve has declined 12.4%. Correspondingly, the number that strongly disapproves has increased by 4.5% (Question G2). 75.5% of respondents would approve of a plan to install photo-radar cameras in areas which have had frequent collisions or traffic events. A higher percentage of females (82%) approve of this concept than do males (68.1%) (Question G5). Respondents were asked their opinion of the WPS placing photo enforcement cameras at any location, solely at the discretion of the Police Service. A slimmer majority of the citizens (57.3%) approved of this concept, 24% of them strongly. Almost 40% did not approve of the police placing cameras in this manner (Question G6). Overall, 80.8% of respondents approve, moderately or strongly, of photo-radar camera installations in association with new speed reduction zone near schools. Of these, 51.3% strongly approve. (Question G4) Respondents approve of the red light and photo radar cameras even if someone in their household has received a ticket (question G3). 67% of respondents whose household had received a photo radar ticket approved of the cameras, compared with the overall frequency of 70.8% (Question G1). Almost 80% of respondents whose household had received a red light ticket approved of the cameras, unchanged from the overall frequency of 80.5% (Question G2). Just over 7% (n=45) of all respondents had been stopped by a Winnipeg Police Service officer for a traffic violation during the last year (question G8.1). This is in line with the results of most previous surveys, but a considerable decline from the result seen in the 2013 survey. Those who said they were stopped by a police officer for a traffic violation in the last year (N=45) were asked if they thought they had been treated fairly by the officer (question G8.2). 67% thought the police had been fair or very fair but 34% thought the police had been unfair or very unfair. This 34% was an increase from past surveys. 10

11 Residents are generally satisfied with the current level of traffic enforcement. The percent saying the level of traffic enforcement should stay the same has risen, quite consistently, from 38% in 1997 to 65% in (Question G10). Respondents who wanted more traffic enforcement were asked which traffic offences they thought police should concentrate on (question G11). The top three responses were: cell phone use/texting/driving distracted (30.9%), speeding (26.5%) and impaired driving (9.6%). When asked about the visible presence of the police in their neighbourhood (question H2) 60.4% thought there were just about the right number of officers. On the other hand, 5% said there are too many officers, and this is a noted increase from previous surveys, in which an average of only 1.3% said there were too many officers. Further, the number of respondents who thought there were too few officers declined by 14% from the average of previous surveys. When asked to rank a variety of possible police actions, respondents assigned the highest score to conducting criminal investigations following by responding promptly to calls. In the 2013 survey, concentrated effort on gang enforcement was the top rated activity, followed by conducting criminal investigations. (Question H4) In both 2013 and 2015 surveys, respondents rated concentrated effort on (street people 2013) intoxicated persons, lowest on the suggested WPS priorities list. Respondents who had reported an incident to the police (n=86) (Question C11.1) were asked: Did police provide you with information about the progress or outcome of the investigation at a later time? In total, 15% said yes they were provided with information, while 72% said no. In the 2013 survey, 63.0% indicated no. 53% said it was not satisfactory that the police did not provide them with any information concerning the outcome of their investigation. Similar results have been seen in past surveys, again suggesting an area for improvement for the WPS. (Question C11.2). Respondents who had contacted, and had had their event investigated by, the police in the last year were queried about officer courtesy (question C10). Overall, 75% said that the police had been somewhat or very courteous. 14% felt the police officer(s) they had dealt with were not at all courteous. This is double the frequency of reported non-courteous officers/events from the 2013 survey. While this is a low figure it still presents a concern and a need to improve on public service delivery (Question C10). 11

12 Overall 67% reported that they felt the police rated good to excellent for their level of courtesy. 5% indicated the police were poor or very poor for courtesy. There was a slight divide between respondents by age, with 9% of the younger respondents rating the police as poor-very poor compared to 2% of older respondents. (Question H7) Of those respondents who had called police and had their event investigated, only 36% responded that the police did a good job (Question C14), a clear decline from the past five surveys (61.6% average). Conversely, 29% thought the police had done a poor job, well above the average of around 13.7% for the previous five surveys. When asked: Do you think the Winnipeg Police Service does a good job, an average job or a poor job of being approachable and easy to talk to? (Question H5.3), younger respondents were less likely to rate the police highly for being approachable (58%) than older ones (65%) and more likely to rate them as poor for this attribute (11% versus 4% of respondents aged 55+). Further analysis reveals that if the younger respondent had contact with the police in the past year, they were even more likely (20% as opposed to 11% of all people in this age group) to rate the police as poor in terms of approachability. Despite this, those younger respondents who had had contact with the police were also more likely (63.5%) to rate the police as good for being approachable than were those who had no contact (53.7%) (Question H5.3). Question H5.6 asks Do you think the Winnipeg Police Service does a good job, an average job or a poor job of treating people fairly? Almost 60% of the respondents overall rated the police as good for this attribute. 9.7% rated the WPS as poor. The likelihood of rating the police as poor decreased with age, from 15.0% of younger respondents to 4.1% of older respondents. This 11% difference between younger and older respondents becomes even greater when this variable is assessed by whether or not the respondent had had contact with the police in the last year. 20% of younger respondents who had had contact rated the police as poor compared to just 1.8% of older citizens (Question H5.6). Overall 71% (75.9% in 2013) reported that they felt the police rated good to excellent for their professionalism. (Question H6) Overall 81% reported that they felt the police were trustworthy usually or all the time (Question H8). Four percent indicated the police were rarely or not at all trustworthy, rising to 8% of those who had personal contact with the police. Overall 91% reported that they had a great deal or some confidence in the police, although only 50% said they had a great deal of confidence. Seven percent indicated they had not very much or no confidence at all in the police, rising to 13.3% of those who had personal contact with the police. 12

13 DEMOGRAPHICS GENDER The actual population surveyed, by gender, was 53.1% female and 46.9% male. This compares to the composition of the City of Winnipeg from the 2011 census showing 51.4% females and 48.9% males. Both genders were generally proportionally represented throughout all the age categories with a somewhat higher than expected percentage of younger males (56%) and older females (57%) completing the survey (question: gender). Respondent Gender and Age Cross tabulation Total RESPONDENT AGE Years Years 55 Years plus Male 48% 53% 46% 46% Female 52% 47% 54% 54% Base: All Respondents Winnipeg Police Service General Survey 2015 September 2015 AGE Almost 30% percent (29.7%) of the respondents fell into the years of age category, thirtyeight percent (38.2%) in the years of age category and thirty-two point two (32.2%) falling in the 55+years of age category (question J3). This compares very favourably with the 2011 Canadian census which shows that the actual composition of adults in Winnipeg is: 30.2% years, 36.1% years and 33.7% 55 and over. An examination of more specific age categorization reveals that the greatest number of surveys was answered by respondents aged years (141 respondents) and the fewest respondents (8) fell in the 85 years of age or older group (question J3). 13

14 J3. In which of the following categories may I put your age? Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent or older Total Base: All Respondents Winnipeg Police Service General Survey 2015 September 2015 Respondent Age Base YRS YRS 55+ YRS DISTRICT GENDER TOTAL DISTRICT 1 DISTRICT 2 DISTRICT 3 DISTRICT 4 Male Female % 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% N % 30% 31% 36% 24% 27% 33% 27% N % 38% 40% 23% 52% 43% 36% 40% N % 32% 28% 41% 24% 30% 31% 33% N Base: All Respondents Winnipeg Police Service General Survey 2015 September

15 EDUCATION Respondents were asked to give the highest level of formal education they had achieved (question J5). The most frequently cited response was completed university degree (26%), followed by completed high school (21%), and completed college degree or diploma (18%). By region, Districts 1 and 3 had the greatest number of respondents who had not completed high school while District 2 had the greatest number who had completed a university degree. J5. What is the highest level of formal education you have achieved? TOTAL DISTRICT 1 DISTRICT 2 DISTRICT DISTRICT 3 DISTRICT Less than high school 5% 7% 2% 7% 5% Completed high school 21% 25% 16% 27% 21% Some college or university 17% 15% 20% 11% 17% Community college degree / diploma 18% 19% 16% 23% 16% Completed university degree 26% 19% 26% 23% 29% Completed university graduate degree 12% 10% 17% 7% 11% Don't know / no response 2% 3% 3% 1% Base: All Respondents Winnipeg Police Service General Survey 2015 September 2015 HOUSEHOLD INCOME Data on annual household income was collected in six categories with the four groups between $30,000 and $250,000 being relative equally represented (question J5). As is common in opinion surveys, a significant number of respondents (n=103, 17%) refused to answer this question. The remaining respondents (n=503) were well distributed throughout the income categories, with the exception of earning under $30,000, representing only 9%. As might be expected, the average household income varied by police district. District 1 had the greatest percentage of respondents in the under $50,000 category (48%), District 3 had the greatest number of respondents in the $50,000-$100,000 category (39%) and District 4 had the greatest number of respondents in the over $100,000 (27%) category. 4 15

16 J5. What is the highest level of formal education you have achieved? TOTAL DISTRICT 1 DISTRICT 2 DISTRICT DISTRICT 3 DISTRICT Under $30,000 9% 24% 7% 14% 5% $30,000 to $50,000 15% 24% 12% 16% 14% $50,001 to $75,000 18% 15% 20% 18% 17% $75,001 to $100,000 18% 10% 18% 21% 20% $100,001 to $250,000 22% 10% 24% 16% 26% More than $250,000 1% 1% 1% 1% Don't know / refused 17% 16% 18% 15% 17% Base: All Respondents Winnipeg Police Service General Survey 2015 September 2015 RESPONDENT RESIDENCE The residence of the respondents was recorded by asking their postal code. For ease of analysis the postal code areas have been combined into groups generally corresponding to the five police districts (Question 0). 4 Respondent Distribution by Postal Code and District of Residence DISTRICT Postal Code Total District 1 District 2 District 3 District 4 R2C R2E 3 3 R2G R2H R2J R2K R2L 7 7 R2M R2N R2P R2R R2V R2W R2X R2Y R3A 2 2 R3B R3C

17 R3E R3G R3J R3K R3L 7 7 R3M R3N 9 9 R3P R3R R3T R3V 7 7 R3W 8 8 R3X R3Y Total Base: All Respondents Winnipeg Police Service General Survey 2015 September 2015 Postal code quotas were incorporated into the bidding process to ensure that an adequate number of residents of the central and northern parts of the city were surveyed. Other than these, and the gender quota, the distribution of respondents around the city was the result of random sampling. The sampled frequencies of respondents who live in each of the police districts can be seen in the above table. NEIGHBOURHOOD AND CITY TENURE Data were collected on the length of time the respondents had been resident in the City of Winnipeg and in their current neighbourhood. Overall, 57% of all respondents had lived in their current neighbourhood for more than 10 years (question J1). Twenty-four percent (24% in 2013 and 25.3% in 2010) of the respondents had been resident for five years or less. As expected, older residents have greater tenure than younger. For example, 52% of respondents (48% in 2013) aged 55 or older have lived in their current neighbourhood for at least 25 years. In contrast, only 11% of this group (13% in 2013) had moved within the past five years. For younger respondents (18-34 years), 39% (42% in 2013) had been resident in their neighbourhood for 11 years or more but 40% (36% in 2013) had moved into their neighbourhood within the last five years. 17

18 J1. About how long have you lived in your neighbourhood? DISTRICT TOTAL DISTRICT 1 DISTRICT 2 DISTRICT 3 DISTRICT 4 One year or less 5% 9% 5% 5% 5% 2-5 years 19% 25% 22% 20% 13% 6-10 years 19% 25% 20% 15% 19% years 33% 27% 29% 35% 37% More than 25 years 24% 13% 24% 25% 26% Don't know 0% 0% Base: All Respondents Winnipeg Police Service General Survey 2015 September 2015 J1. About how long have you lived in your neighbourhood? TOTAL RESPONDENT AGE GENDER YEARS Male Female YEARS YEARS One year or less 5% 11% 3% 3% 5% 5% 2-5 years 19% 29% 20% 8% 18% 19% 6-10 years 19% 21% 25% 11% 19% 19% years 33% 31% 39% 26% 36% 30% More than 25 years 24% 8% 13% 52% 22% 26% Don't know 0% 0% 0% Base: All Respondents Winnipeg Police Service General Survey 2015 September 2015 Respondents in District 1 were the most mobile, with 34% having moved with the past five years compared to a mean of 23.3% of the survey respondents overall. Sixty-three percent of District 4 respondents had lived in their neighbourhood for 11 years or more, which was the highest percentage, but only 5 points above the average for the respondents city-wide. Well over half of the respondents (58%, 65.5% in 2013) reported that they had lived in Winnipeg for more than 25 years. Only 8% (10% in 2013) reported they had been here 10 years or less (Question J2). District 4, at 64%, had the highest percentage of respondents who have lived in Winnipeg for more than 25 years and the lowest, 2%, who have lived here for five years or less. District One was the opposite, with 11% having been here 5 years or less and 48% more than 25 years. 18

19 J2. And how long have you lived in The City of Winnipeg? TOTAL DISTRICT DISTRICT 1 DISTRICT 2 DISTRICT 3 DISTRICT 4 One year or less 1% 4% 1% 0% 2-5 years 5% 7% 7% 6% 2% 6-10 years 8% 10% 11% 9% 5% years 28% 30% 31% 24% 27% More than 25 years 58% 48% 52% 60% 64% Don't know 0% 1% Base: All Respondents Winnipeg Police Service General Survey 2015 September 2015 J2. And how long have you lived in The City of Winnipeg? TOTAL RESPONDENT AGE GENDER YEARS YEARS 55+ YEARS Male Female One year or less 1% 3% 1% 0% 2-5 years 5% 9% 4% 2% 5% 5% 6-10 years 8% 12% 10% 3% 10% 7% years 28% 51% 25% 10% 28% 28% More than 25 years 58% 25% 60% 85% 55% 60% Don't know 0% 1% 0% 0% 0% Base: All Respondents Winnipeg Police Service General Survey 2015 September 2015 As would be expected, the percentage of respondents who have lived in Winnipeg for many years increases with the age of the respondent. In the 55+ age group, 85% have lived in Winnipeg for more than 25 years. 19

20 KEY FINDINGS A. CRIME AND SAFETY When asked about the city as a whole (question A1), the majority of respondents (55%) felt that crime had remained the same over the last year or two. This figure is a continuation of the considerable increase for the stayed the same response from previous surveys (52.6% in 2013, 30% in 2010 and 17% in 2007). The number who felt crime had increased, 28% (34.3% in 2013), was a significant reduction from how respondents felt in the past (62.6% average from thought crime had increased). Thirteen percent (9.9% in 2013) of the citizens felt that crime had decreased in Winnipeg. This is an improvement on previous surveys in which only about six percent of respondents felt crime was on the decrease. Opinions concerning crime trends in Winnipeg did not vary much by the age of respondents but there were some variations apparent by gender. Women were more likely (32% compared to 23%) than men to believe that crime had increased and less likely (8% compared to 19%) than men to feel that crime had decreased. A1. Thinking of the last year or so Do you think that crime has increased, decreased, or remained about the same in the city of Winnipeg? Increased 68.0% 54.0% 57.3% 75.0% 59.3% 34.3% 28.0% Decreased 4.0% 6.0% 6.0% 4.0% 6.9% 9.9% 13.0% Remained same 23.0% 37.0% 31.8% 17.0% 30.1% 52.6% 55.0% No opinion 5.0% 4.0% 4.9% 3.0% 3.8% 3.2% 4.0% A1. Citizens Perception of Winnipeg Crime Trends Increased Decreased Remained same 20

21 A1. Thinking of the last year or so Do you think that crime has increased, decreased, or remained about the same in the city of Winnipeg? TOTAL RESPONDENT AGE GENDER YEARS YEARS 55+ YEARS Male Female Increased 28% 28% 30% 25% 23% 32% Decreased 13% 10% 14% 14% 19% 8% Remained about the same 55% 58% 53% 55% 55% 55% No opinion 4% 4% 3% 6% 3% 5% Base: All Respondents Winnipeg Police Service General Survey 2015 September 2015 More respondents from District 3 (37%, 43% in 2013) believed that crime in Winnipeg overall had increased than did residents in the rest of the city (28%, 32.5% in 2013). About the same percentage of people in all districts believed that crime had decreased but more citizens in District 4 (59%) and 2 (58%) felt that crime had remained the same than did those in districts 1 and 3 (48.5% average). A1. Thinking of the last year or so Do you think that crime has increased, decreased, or remained about the same in the city of Winnipeg? TOTAL DISTRICT 1 DISTRICT 2 DISTRICT DISTRICT 3 DISTRICT Increased 28% 31% 24% 37% 24% Decreased 13% 15% 12% 15% 12% Remained about the same 55% 51% 58% 46% 59% No opinion 4% 3% 6% 2% 5% Base: All Respondents Winnipeg Police Service General Survey 2015 September 2015 Respondents were asked to compare their perception of crime in Winnipeg against other Canadian cities (question A2). In surveys from 1999 to 2005, the majority of respondents believed that crime rates here were about the same as in other cities. From 2007 through 2013, surveys revealed that citizens felt Winnipeg had more crime than other Canadian cities. This year, however, more respondents believed that Winnipeg has about the same amount of crime (45%). Of the remainder, 35% (compared to 45.3% in 2013 and 49.1% in 2010) believed that there was more or much more crime in Winnipeg. Fourteen percent felt there was less or much less crime in Winnipeg, up from only 8.7% in 2013 (7.5% in 2010 and 9% in 2007). This represents a significant shift in attitude since The number of citizens who believe Winnipeg has more crime than other Canadian cities has decreased from 49% to 35% while those who think we have less crime has increased from 9% to 14%. Assuming most people do not know crime rates in other cities, this perception is presumed to be mainly based on events in Winnipeg. 4 21

22 A2. Still thinking of the last year or so, how do you think Winnipeg compares with other major Canadian cities in terms of the amount of crime? Would you say Winnipeg has..? Much more crime 4.0% 8.0% 5.0% 5.2% 11.0% 13.8% 8.7% 5.0% More crime 25.0% 22.0% 23.0% 21.1% 38.0% 34.3% 36.6% 30.0% Same amount 43.0% 41.0% 44.0% 45.9% 33.0% 37.0% 42.9% 45.0% Less crime 14.0% 16.0% 16.0% 17.6% 7.0% 6.5% 8.1% 13.0% Much less crime 2.0% 2.0% 2.0% 3.0% 2.0% 1.0% 0.6% 1.0% No opinion 11.0% 10.0% 10.0% 7.2% 9.0% 7.5% 3.1% 6.0% When queried about their view of their neighbourhoods (question A3), the majority of respondents, 64% (62.6% in 2013) thought they lived in a low crime area. This is consistent with earlier survey results (61.1 % in 2010 and, 59% in 2007). Of the total respondents, 9% felt they lived in a high crime neighbourhood, an amount within the margin of error of previous surveys (8% in 2013, 12% in 2010 and 9% in 2007). A large number of respondents from District 1 feel they live in a high crime area (27% compared to 8.0% average from the other districts. On the other hand the number of respondents from District 3 who felt they were in a high crime area reduced to 14% from 15.7% in 2013 and 24% in

23 A3. Do you think your neighbourhood is an area with a high amount of crime, an average amount of crime, or a low amount of crime? Total District 1 District 2 District 3 District 4 High 9.0% 27.0% 6.0% 14.0% 4.0% Average 25.0% 36.0% 16.0% 33.0% 26.0% Low 64.0% 37.0% 77.0% 52.0% 68.0% No opinion 1.0% 2.0% 2.0% 2.0% Base: All Respondents Winnipeg Police Service General Survey 2015 September 2015 At the other end of the scale, 77% of respondents from District 2 feel they live in a low crime area (72% in 2013 and 73.4% in 2010) and only 2% (2% in 2013 and 3.6% in 2010) felt they are in a high crime area. The majority of Winnipeg respondents, 67% (73.5% in 2013 and 65.6% in 2010) felt that crime rates in their neighbourhoods had remained about the same as last year (question A4.1). Of the remainder, more (19%, 15.7% in 2015 and 24.3% in 2010) felt that crime had increased in their neighbourhood. Fewer, 11% (8.4% in 2013 and 6.9% in 2010) believed that crime had decreased. A4.1. In the last year or two do you think crime has increased, decreased or remained about the same in your neighbourhood? Increased 23.0% 22.0% 21.0% 26.0% 24.3% 15.7% 19.0% Decreased 6.0% 6.0% 7.0% 4.0% 6.9% 8.4% 11.0% Remained same 66.0% 68.0% 69.0% 65.0% 65.6% 73.5% 67.0% No Opinion 5.0% 5.0% 3.0% 4.0% 3.3% 2.4% 2.0% Some differences of opinion to this question were seen in the responses when assessed by police district. Almost one-third of respondents living in District 1, 32.8% (27% in 2013), felt crime had increased in their neighbourhood. This contrasts with the opinions of residents from the rest of the city where 17.3% (average value, 14% average in 2013) felt crime had increased. Strangely, more respondents in District 1, at 13.4% (25% in 2013), felt crime had decreased than was common elsewhere (11.1% average, 6.5% average in 2013). A4.1 In the last year or two do you think crime has increased, decreased or remained about the same in your neighborhood? Total District 1 District 2 District 3 District 4 Increased 19.5% 32.8% 16.3% 14.5% 21.0% Decreased 11.1% 13.4% 9.7% 13.7% 10.0% Remained same 67.0% 49.3% 71.9% 70.2% 66.2% No Opinion 2.5% 4.5% 2.0% 1.6% 2.7% Base: All Respondents Winnipeg Police Service General Survey 2015 September

24 Those respondents who felt that crime had increased in their neighbourhood (question A4.2, n=93) were asked which crimes were on the increase (133 total mentions). The top answers were: break-ins (21.8%, 20.0% in 2013 and 29.2% in 2010), car and garage break-ins (21.8%, 8.3% in 2013), vandalism, car vandalism and graffiti (12.8%, 11.6% in 2013 and 9.3% in 2010), minor thefts, particularly to bicycles (10.5%) and drug offenses (9%, 13.3% in 2013 and 13% in 2010). Ninety-three respondents who felt crime in their neighbourhood had increased answered question A4.2, an increase of 35.8% over the 2013 survey. In terms of the total crimes they cited as being on the increase, the top four responses (66.9% of all mentions) dealt with breakins to houses, garages and cars, vandalism and damage to cars and houses, petty theft and graffiti. There appears to be a strong perception that property crimes are a problem in many neighbourhoods. A4.2. Do you have any particular crime or crimes in mind? Offense Total Car/garage break-ins 21.8% Break and enter 21.8% Theft from cars, car vandalism/graffiti 12.8% Theft under/bikes 10.5% Drug related crimes 9.0% Assault/stabbing 6.8% Car theft 4.5% Shootings 2.3% Street activity/noise 2.3% Arson 1.5% Home invasion 1.5% Prostitution 1.5% Gang activity 1.5% Homicide 0.8% Sex Crimes 0.8% Domestic disturbances 0.8% Base N= 133 responses Winnipeg Police General Survey September 2015 Question A5, was introduced in the 2013 survey, and asked respondents to rate a number of problems in terms of the seriousness of these issues as they pertain to their specific neighbourhood. The tables below summarize the findings. Of all the issues mentioned, the respondents overall selected traffic violations as being the most serious, followed by drug problems and vandalism/graffiti. When assessed by geographic area, respondents from Districts 2 and 4 cited traffic problems as their number one concern, while those from District 3 cited drug related matters and those from District 1 were most concerned about graffiti. 24

25 A5. Please rate the seriousness of the following problems as they pertain to your neighbourhood on a scale from 1 to 5 in which 1 is not very serious and 5 is extremely serious. (Mean Scores)(Sorted by score) Total District 1 District 2 District 3 District 4 N= Traffic violations Drug problems /dealers Vandalism/graffiti Theft from Cars Break and enter to homes Robbery Assaults Gang violence People hanging around on streets Harassment on ethnicity Police harassment Noise and disturbances Intoxicated persons Prostitution Base = All Respondents Winnipeg Police General Survey September 2015 By gender, males cited traffic violations as their premier issue and drugs second. Female respondents rated drugs/drug dealers highest and traffic problems second. By age, the 55+ group cited traffic violations as their number one concern followed by drugs. Younger and middle range respondents (18-34 years, years) cited vandalism as their highest choice, followed by drugs/drug dealers (18-34 age) and traffic problems (35-54 years). 25

26 A5. Please rate the seriousness of the following problems as they pertain to your neighbourhood on a scale from 1 to 5 in which 1 is not very serious and 5 is extremely serious. Males Females Total B&E to HOMES VANDALISM TRAFFIC ASSAULT GANGS DRUGS NOISE PROSTITUTION PUBLIC DRUNKENESS ROBBERY POLICE HARASSMENT THEFT from CARS PEOPLE HANGING AROUND ETHNIC HARASSMENT Base = All Respondents Winnipeg Police General Survey September 2015 The majority of respondents (41.4%, 44% in 2013) felt that their neighbourhood had less crime than other neighbourhoods in the city, except for citizens living in District 1, who selected about the same amount of crime as their number one answer (question A6). In geographic terms, more District 1 (28.4%, 32% in 2013 and 42.9% in 2010) and 3 (16.1%, 22% in 2013 and 26.3% in 2010) residents felt their neighbourhood had more or much more crime than other neighbourhoods. Very few residents in the other city areas felt they had more crime (question A6). On the other end of the scale, 84.7% (86% in 2013) of District 2 respondents felt they had less crime than other neighbourhoods. A6. How do you think your neighbourhood compares with the rest of Winnipeg in terms of the amount of crime? Would you say your neighbourhood has...? Total District 1 District 2 District 3 District Much more crime 2.3% 2.0% 11.3% 6.0% 0.0% 1.0% 5.6% 4.8% 0.4% More crime 7.9% 6.4% 21.0% 22.4% 2.6% 1.5% 15.7% 11.3% 6.9% 3.2% About the same amount of 18.8% 20.0% 22.6% 40.3% 15.8% 11.7% 26.9% 25.8% 19.0% 17.8% crime Less crime 44.0% 41.4% 30.6% 19.4% 50.0% 45.9% 36.1% 35.5% 47.4% 47.5% Much less crime 26.1% 29.0% 11.3% 11.9% 31.6% 38.8% 14.8% 20.2% 25.4% 30.6% No opinion 1.0% 1.2% 3.2% 0.0% 1.0% 0.9% 2.4% 0.9% 0.9% Base = All Respondents Winnipeg Police General Survey September

27 Almost all (95%, 96.4% in 2013 and 89.7% in 2010) of the respondents felt that they would be safe walking in their neighbourhood during the day (combines responses very safe + reasonably safe) (question A7). This is a consistent with previous surveys, which averaged 93%. Males (96%, 98% in 2013) and females (95%, 94% in 2013) felt equally safe during the day. Respondents beliefs about daytime safety did not change with age, with older respondents feeling just as safe as younger ones. Only in Districts 1 and 3 did citizens express any anxiety about walking in daytime, with 11% and 8% respectively stating they feel somewhat or very unsafe during the day. Only 2% of respondents in other districts expressed this fear. A7. How safe do you feel or would you feel walking alone in your neighbourhood during the day? Total District 1 District 2 District 3 District Very Safe 75% 71% 60% 55% 82% 75% 71% 60% 55% 82% Reasonably Safe 22% 24% 29% 33% 16% 22% 24% 29% 33% 16% Somewhat Unsafe 2% 3% 5% 7% 2% 2% 3% 5% 7% 2% Very Unsafe 1% 1% 6% 4% 0% 1% 1% 6% 4% 0% No opinion 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% Base = All Respondents Winnipeg Police General Survey September 2015 A7. How safe do you feel or would you feel walking alone in your neighbourhood during the day? TOTAL RESPONDENT AGE GENDER YEARS YEARS 55+ YEARS Male Female Very Safe 71% 72% 70% 71% 72% 70% Reasonably Safe 24% 24% 26% 24% 24% 26% Somewhat Unsafe 3% 3% 4% 3% 3% 4% Very Unsafe 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% No opinion 0% 1% 0% 1% Base = All Respondents Winnipeg Police General Survey September