MIGRATION AND SOCIAL ORGANIZATIONS: TURNING RESEARCH INTO ACTION IN SPAIN AFTER THE ECONOMIC CRISIS

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1 MIGRATION AND SOCIAL ORGANIZATIONS: TURNING RESEARCH INTO ACTION IN SPAIN AFTER THE ECONOMIC CRISIS PRESENTED TO FORDHAM CENTER FOR INTERNATIONAL POLICY STUDIES APRIL 30 TH 2014 CONCHA MAIZTEGUI OÑATE RESEARCH TEAM MIGRATION, MANAGEMENT OF DIVERSITY AND SOCIAL COHESION. UNIVERSITY OF DEUSTO (BILBAO. SPAIN)

2 Outline Background: main characteristics of the immigration process in Spain Organizations and immigration: Action undertaken: The development of programs and policies Research results Project: Con la cámara a cuestas (with the lens on the move!)

3 Background Migratory process : 2,5 millions Spanish population into America : 2 millions of guest workers into Europe Immigration process, during the 70 s Returning migrants European retirees African workers (Morocco) Latin American refugees

4 Foreign-born population stock with a valid permit Evolution of foreign-born population stock according to local register Source: Municipal Register. The National Statistic Institute (INE) Year FOREIGN POPULATION STOCK ,2 % (0.7 millions) % (4,1 millions) % (5,1 millions) ,7% (5,5 millions)

5 Some data about immigration

6 Foreign population by nationalities

7 Distribution of foreign population at 2013 (INE, 2014) EU countries Non-EU countries

8 Migration balance: inflows and outflows (INE, 2014) 2011: applications for the assisted return (OECD, 2013)

9 Unemployment in Spain (INE: 2014) households without incomes, ,72% of unemployment among foreign born population, 2014 Most affected groups by the crisis: Afriican population, men form South America (Colectivo IOE, 2011)

10 2. Action undertaken: migration policies

implies respect for the basic values of the European Union Key areas: employment, languages, education, access to

11 European framework Common Basic Principles for Immigrant Integration Policy in the EU (2004) CBP 1 Integration is a dynamic, two-way process of mutual accommodation by all immigrants and residents of Member States CBP 2 Integration implies respect for the basic values of the European Union Key areas: employment, languages, education, access to services, participation in democratic process European integration forum (2005) The Europe 2020 Integrated guidelines: remove barriers

12 Evolution of integration policies (Aparicio, 2011; Cebolla & López Salas, 2013) 1) FIRST PERIOD 80 Integration was not an explicit concern Social Organizations: provide support 2) SECOND PERIOD: FROM THE GROUND UP 1994 First plan de Integración social /Social Integration Foro de la Integración Organic Law on the Rights and Liberties of Foreigners in Spain and Their Social Integration (2000) 3) THIRD PERIOD Triennial Plans for Citizenship and Integration ) Third p

INTEGRATION POLICIES Strategic Plan On Citizenship and integration (I & II) Integration concerns all members of society Integration policies must be tackled proactively, on a comprehensive, holistic

13 INTEGRATION POLICIES Strategic Plan On Citizenship and integration (I & II) Integration concerns all members of society Integration policies must be tackled proactively, on a comprehensive, holistic basis. they must take into account not only the economic and social aspects of integration but also issues related to cultural and religious diversity, citizenship, participation and political rights. They must do so by establishing a long-term coherent overall framework. [COM(2003)336]. (p.15) Cooperation between the various levels of government Areas of action ( ): reception system, employent, education, health, social services, movility (co-development)

14 The influence of social organizations They place integration on the political agenda This shape the issue of integration in terms of human rights and equality of opportunities. Indirect and weak influence on the policies. Reasons (Brusqueta, et al, 2008): The inefficiency of the instrument developed for the participation of social actors The strong innancial dependence on public administrations The lack of coordination among social organizations

15 3. Research on social organizations

16 Main axes of research A) Research focus on the role of associations B) Literature focused on civic participation or active citizenship (Aparicio, 2011)

17 A) Role of social organizations Research shows: Some differences among immigrant communities (Peruvian and Subsaharian higher levels) Differences among regions/cities. They are encouraged by municipalities or local authorities Relationship with local authorities: those patterns vary widely Activities developed: social capital, bonding /Bridging links: the debate

18 B) Active citizenship Promoting active citizenship has become an increasingly important issue on the political agenda at local, national and EU levels. Active Citizenship is a term used within European policy making to denote particular forms of participation which should be promoted within Europe in order to ensure the continuation of participatory and representative democracy, to reduce the gap between citizens and governing institutions and to enhance social cohesion (Hoskins & Mascherini, 208:460).

MIGRATION TRENDS IN SOUTH AMERICA

South American Migration Report No. 1-217 MIGRATION TRENDS IN SOUTH AMERICA South America is a region of origin, destination and transit of international migrants. Since the beginning of the twenty-first