The spatial dimension of social and economic inequalities
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1 Colombia Dialogues Public Sector and Academia Dialogue Series The spatial dimension of social and economic inequalities Maria Mercedes Maldonado
2 Multidimensional Poverty in Colombia, and in Bogota and Colombia (%)
3 Bogota has steadily reduced poverty in the last few years Proportion of poverty according to the Global Poverty Rate (IPM) The rate of poor households reduced 16,2 percentage points between 2003 and This means that the city had a reduction of poor households.
4 Number of impoverished and impact of monetary poverty in Bogota Source: DANE - Pobreza monetaria y multidimensional 2013 (Monetary and multidimensional poverty 2013)
5 Gini Coefficient for Bogota and Colombia Source: DANE. Pobreza monetaria y multidimensional en Colombia (Monetary and multidimensional poverty 2013) *Note: 2006 and 2007 data is not estimated due to issues of comparability in the employment and poverty series. The issues were consequence of a metodological shift from the transition between the Continous Household Survey (Encuesta Continua de Hogares) to the Integrated Household Survey (Gran Encuesta Integrada de Hogares).
6 There is a direct relationship between segregation and poverty Socio-economic residential segregation rate Multidimensional poverty rate *SRS considers diversity according to income, expenses, years of schooling, and main household age.
7 Agents of inequality according to UN Hábitat Variability in levels of human abilities Divergence in quality of life Unequal intakes and incomes Urban segregation Uneven acces to resources and opportunites Segregated civic and politic participation Segmented appropiation and use of the space
8 How to overcome inequality? 1. Progressive taxation Property taxes. 2. Improved quality employment. Income increase. 3. Policies addressed to increase the available income or to access to crucial urban assets public services, public transportation. 4. Education, early childhood and
9 Income and consumption redistribution is not enough; there is an imminent need for redistribuition in the city Improved locations for residences and higher social mixture. No residence located in unmitigable risk areas. Improved enviromental quality for all citizens.
10 Land use planning and residence policies - Informality/Upgrading programs - New housing programs - Location in the city
11 Informal occupation growth in Bogotá Period Increase in hectares , , , ,119 TOTAL 7,468 There was an aproximate growth of 3,434 hectares between 1980 y 2000, an average growth of 171 per year. Informality increases during the years when subsidy to demand policies were implemented Source: Medición Nicolás Rueda 2006 Later, densification begins to increase.
12 Formal growth, : 1512 hectares Informal growth, : 2119 hectares Source: Designed by Nicolas Rueda
13 ALFONSO LOPEZ B0G0TÁ
14 ALFONSO LOPEZ B0G0TÁ
15 JERUSALEN B0G0TÁ JERUSALEN B0G0TÁ
16 DIANA TURBAY B0G0TÁ
17 Higher densities in peripheral populars areas of the city
18 Este plano muestra cómo va reduciendo el tamaño de los proyectos y mejorando la localización
19 Bogotá Localización de vivienda en centro ampliado Proyectos en curso
20 Nuevos proyectos de transporte y localización VIP
21 Proyectos en construcción o estructuración en centro ampliado
22 Land Managment in Bogotá Since the year 2000, 171,000 social housing residences were licended 1º. Land bank- 40,000 VIP in 15 years, US 70 million (aprox.) invested in purchase of land 2º. Mandatory percentages designated to VIS (price housing until US 40000) and VIP (price housing until US ), 37,000 in location of both VIS and VIP in 10 years, 10,000 translocated. No public founds in land purchase 3º. Mandatory development urbanization/construction 14,700 social housing (VIS) priority housing (VIP) in 6 years; almost zero resources invested in land.
23 Land Managment Since the year 2000, 171,000 social housing residences were licended 4º. Use of public terrains originally purchased for other purposes 3,400 VIP in fair ubications; 1,000 adquisitions in small scale proyects. 5º. Private management 68,000 VIS en 14 years in peripheral lands.
24 Problems in perspective Absence of a unified national urban policy - Existance of sectorial, isolated, fragmented polices. Abscence of a national agenda addressed to overcome land inequality Prevailing notion of new social housing in urban expantion Experiencias aisladas y no sostenidas en las ciudades
25 Virtually non-existent of upgrading programs. Transportation and mobility as growing issues Security as a growing issue
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