CRS/Ethiopia: Visitors Security Orientation & Briefing DETAILS (This is not an exhaustive list.)

Transcription

1 PARA HEADING CRS/Ethiopia: Visitors Security Orientation & Briefing DETAILS (This is not an exhaustive list.) 1. Introduction The purpose of this document is to provide an overview of travel, living and security conditions in Ethiopia relevant to your visit, and to assist you to prepare specific questions to be addressed during the arrival security briefing. 2. Prior to Departure Passport & Visa A visa will be organized for you before departure. Please follow directions contain in the Visa Guidance form (5). Registration with Embassy It is required that you register with your country embassy prior to your departure to Ethiopia. US citizens can register with the US Embassy, through their website. After registration with the US Embassy, you will receive travel alerts, travel warnings and consular information sheets. Health Staff, particularly international staff, can be susceptible to critical illnesses and diseases, such as malaria, amoebic dysentery and food poisoning. Sudden disasters, such as fires, epidemics and road accidents also can present serious risks to physical safety. In the event that any of the above should occur to staff, proper health care and treatment can be a critical recourse. Unfortunately, quality medical care is a serious problem throughout Ethiopia. The availability of qualified physical, including dental, and mental health care, is extremely limited. The U.S. embassy only assigns personnel here who are free of serious or chronic health problems. Most internationals will be medi-vaced to Nairobi for serious conditions. The health care situation is marginally better in the urban areas, however hygiene standards are poor and most providers lack quality supplies and medication. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention website highlights different vaccinations and medications recommended for travelers to Ethiopia. CRS will purchase travel medical and evacuation coverage for your trip. Money/Valuables and Banking The currency is the Ethiopian Birr (pronounced birr ), divided into 100 cents. Its value is set at bi-weekly hard currency auctions. Currently the rate has been running at US$ 1.00=Birr It is issued in 100, 50, 10, 5 and 1 Birr banknotes, 1 Birr coins, and 50, 25, 10, 5 and (though rarely seen) 1 cent coins. Automatic Teller Machines (ATM) are available at the airport and around the city where local currency can be withdrawn from foreign accounts using visa cards. Master card holders can only withdraw cash from Dashen Bank ATMs. US currency and Euros may also be exchanged at the airport, in banks and at hotels. Do not bring travellers checks, as they are very difficult to cash. Information about your per diem is contained in the volunteer welcome letter sent by the Volunteer Coordinator 3. On Arrival You will arrive in Ethiopia by air, landing in Addis Ababa Bole International Airport which is located is the Bole area, 6 km (3.7 mi) southeast of the Addis Ababa city center. Formerly known as Haile Selassie I International Airport, it is the main transit hub for Ethiopia.

2 After going through immigration procedures and collecting your luggage, you should proceed outside the terminal building where you will be greeted by a taxi driver who will be holding a sign with your name for easy identification. Volunteers usually arrive at night so the driver will generally take you straight to your hotel; and give you a phone (with all phone relevant contact numbers already put in) and a note containing all necessary information. In case you cannot find the driver, you should contact the F2F Country Director or the CRS Ethiopia Country Representative. If you do not have a phone, you should look for airport security personnel who will guide you to a public phone. The driver will tell you what time they will pick you up the following morning to take you to the CRS office. Upon arrival at the CRS office, please confirm with your host that your program includes an oral CRS security briefing within the first 48 hrs, and an orientation program soon after. 4. Office and Accommodation 5. Introduction to Ethiopia CRS Ethiopia Swaziland Street Gulele Sub city P.O. Box 6592 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Tel: Fax: Ethiopia, located in the Horn of Africa is a very large (435,071 square miles) land-locked country with the 2 nd largest population on the African Continent), predominantly rural, agrarian-based population. Although Ethiopia has remained relatively politically stable over the past couple thousand of years, it is surrounded by countries of varying stability, particularly in the 20 th century. There are many factors which contribute to the current safety and security environment (both the relative stability as well as the potential threats), however the political-religious history coupled with current population growth and economic conditions, remain as the perhaps as some of the most salient factors. The population of Ethiopia has doubled itself every 20 years, going from 35 million during the 1980 famines to a present estimate of 80 million. Although 90% of the population is agrarian, there has been considerable urban growth and the resulting sprawl, particularly in the capital, Addis Ababa. The current population of Addis, a city of relatively weak infrastructure, is estimated at 5 million inhabitants. As result of the high population density and very weak infrastructure, hygiene and sanitary conditions are poor, traffic patterns are very complicated and overcrowding is the norm. 6. Brief risk Assessment Catholic Relief Services (CRS) established its presence in Ethiopia over 50 years ago. Throughout this time, the agency has enjoyed strong relations both with local government and our partners. CRS is a highly respected agency and enjoys this status in part, because we focus on our work to the highest quality and we avoid engaging in the political aspects of Ethiopian society. Based on program value, Ethiopia is the largest country program in which CRS currently operates. This assessment is designed to provide the briefest, broadest overview of the most salient threats to the wellbeing of the CRS/ET program and its employees. More details and specific examples related to these potential and actual threats are available from embassy websites, and regular updates from the Overseas Security Advisory Council (OSAC) and UN security related updates. Generally, CRS enjoys a strong and favorable image in Ethiopia, including: with the GoE; within the international community; and, with our Catholic partners. Although a minority

3 religion, the Catholic Church, as with most faith based entities, has a favorable position in the Ethiopian context. In addition, anti-american sentiment in most parts of Ethiopia is minimal. Ethiopians enjoy a strong and favorable connection with America as a result of large population of Ethiopian Diaspora living within the continental U.S. War Over the past ten years, Ethiopia has engaged in open hostilities with two of its neighboring countries: Eritrea and Somalia. The incursion into Somalia ended in 2009 and border tensions with Eritrea began to recede in 2007/8. At present, the GOE is not actively engaged in war activities; however the Ethiopian military remains active and alert. Terrorism There are no known international terrorist groups based in Ethiopia that operate outside the country. However, al-shabaab and al-qa'ida do operate in the region and have an interest in targeting areas within Ethiopia. There are several indigenous groups, including the Oromo Liberation Front (OLF) and Ogaden National Liberation Front (ONLF) that target Ethiopian interests; however, these groups are not formally recognized outside of Ethiopia as terrorist organizations. Over the past few years there have been a few, sporadic bomb attacks against petrol stations, public transport vehicles and market places. The GoE has attributed these infrequent attacks to the above mentioned indigenous groups. Civil Unrest Public political demonstrations in Ethiopia are rare. Most public demonstrations tend to be peaceful. However, in 2005, a public demonstration against the government escalated into violence, resulting in injuries and deaths of a large number of civilians. In addition, the unrest did affect CRS operations at that time, blocking traffic to and from the office. It is important to note that 2010 is an election year; however, at present, there are no indicators that violence from the last election will be repeated. Crime Although incidents of crime, both petty and aggravated, remain comparatively low, there have been reports of an increase over the past few years. It is possible this is a result of disproportional increase of the youthful population in conjunction with a decrease in employment opportunities. There have been some reported burglaries and robberies targeting internationals in Addis Ababa during the past year. Firearms are rarely reported in the commission of a crime in Addis Ababa; local criminals' "preferred weapons" include physical force and knives. In the few cases where robberies have occurred and been investigation has been concluded, the robbery is almost always considered to be an inside job and/or the perpetrator had some prior connection to the residence or residents. Petty crimes such as pick pocketing have also increased. There have been some reports of armed robbery in rural areas. One of the biggest open air markets (Merkato) in Africa is located in Addis Ababa. As in any large market, non-violent criminal activity targeting expatriates is prevalent in the Merkato. There have also been reports of expatriates being targeted by criminals outside shops selling tourist trinkets and other venues of tourism interest. Police response in Addis Ababa is reasonable relative to other cities on the continent. The GoE police tend to be honest and cooperative in their dealings with expatriates. Many police officers are unable to speak English effectively. However, if one is patient they will do their best to assist and will eventually bring an English-speaking officer to translate. Traffic Accidents Traffic accidents, coupled with poor health care, are the greatest threats to CRS staff. The

4 risk of traffic accidents is high as a result of the following: A high prevalence of pedestrians randomly crossing, and walking within, roadways as there are few sidewalks; Local driving practices can tend towards hazardous behaviors: cell phone usage, drinking and driving, lack of knowledge and enforcement of basic safety and driving practices, erratic driving patterns from public transport, etc. However, the government has recently made it mandatory to wear seat belts, and forbidden to drink and drive and use of cell phones while driving, amongst other negative practices. Enforcement of these new laws has yet to fully realized; Road hazards abound, including abundant livestock, even in major roadways and poorly lit, slow moving or stalled vehicles or push carts; The overall condition of roads, even in the cities, is poor and related infrastructure is weak. However, particularly in Addis, there has been heavy investment in major road construction. Unfortunately, road work particularly on major arteries can last several years, and the sections under construction tend to be more dangerous than they were prior to construction; Traffic police tend to be relatively untrained in terms of traffic control, focusing more on traffic violations. In the event of an accident, law enforcement does not generally favor the motorist, particularly when pedestrians are involved. Ethiopia is the host government for African Union (AU) and as a result there a high preponderance of international diplomatic missions. When the missions and GoE have travel arrangements for meetings or other events, major roads are blocked exclusively for VIP travel. Blockages occur particularly from the Bole Airport through Meskel Square to the major hotels (Sheraton and Hilton) and also through to AU headquarters affecting Mexico Square and Old Airport. Road blockages also occur for religious holidays and events such as the great run. There is no public address to advise other travelers as to when and where these blockages will occur, which forces motorists into poorly maintained side roads in more questionable neighborhoods. Fortunately, within metropolitan areas, the confluence of many of these conditions often prevent higher speeds, so traffic accidents frequently tend to be minor. However, this is not the case in rural areas.

5 7. Travel and communication Transportation CRS/Ethiopia vehicles with drivers or hired taxi company drivers will be made available for all scheduled activities. However, if you have personal travel requirements after regular working hours, we would request that visitors utilize the services of a local taxi company, which can be easily arranged through your respective hotel. Transportation infrastructure in Ethiopia has been neglected for decades, but is now a priority of the government of Ethiopia. A large number of roads and railways are currently under construction, Telecommunications Telecommunications in Ethiopia is controlled by Ethio Telecom, formerly the Ethiopian Telecommunications Corporation (ETC); all telephone service and internet access requires Ethio Telecom to be involved. As of 2011, million cellular phones and 829,000 main line phones were in use.crs offices are equipped with wireless which may be accessed by password once you have received the authorization of the IT Manager. 8. Cultural Awareness 9. Things to Remember Emergency contact: CRS maintains an Emergency Contacts list, that staff and visitors are encouraged to always keep handy. Cultures, practices, health issues and security concerns etc can vary significantly from place to place. Dress should indicate respect for the local culture and convey a positive message about how you expect to be treated. Women, especially, are encouraged to avoid wearing shorts or sleeveless tops. Make sure you understand the cultural ground rules for interpersonal relationships between men and women, especially between expatriates and local people. Ostentatious display of possessions may make one a target for theft and contradicts CRSs desire for staff and visitors alike to maintain a low profile. As a visitor to another country, showing humility to all persons encountered is a good way to ensure that behavior will not be seen as offensive to others. A good rule of behavior while in a different culture is: Be small. Be diplomatic in speech, and respect local traditions. In a group setting or in a public place, refrain from speaking about politics, tribes or religion. Avoid sarcasm as it may be easily misinterpreted. A common sense approach that demonstrates respect for local culture and customs will lead to good relations in general. The maintenance of effective communication channels and routine information sharing are the most important precautions for avoiding security incidents and other emergencies. In addition, each staff member should take the following steps, regardless of location: FSP review: All staff members are required to review this manual and acknowledge this review in writing (sample form provided in the FSP) in order to gain a better understanding of general safety and security issues. Registration with Embassies: It is the responsibility of each international staff member or visitor (for longer than 2 weeks) to register with the consular section of his/her embassy within 48 hours of arrival in Ethiopia. Proper Documentation: All CRS staff are advised to keep their personal documents, including CRS/ET ID card in a safe but accessible place. Internationals should also carry a copy of passport with visa and valid national ID card and driver s license. Clear copies of these documents should be kept in files at

6 CRS and in staff residences at all times. Security Focal Point: At all times, CRS/ET has a designated Security Focal Point. An alternate team member is always designated in his/her absence: Security Focal Point: Alternate Security Focal Point: David Macharia, Head of Operations Matt Davis, Country Representative Key Contacts All staff should carry a copy of the constant companion with them at all times and a copy of the phone tree should be available in the office and residence. Additional Safety Guidelines for Addis Ababa Avoid walking or driving alone, particularly at night. Avoid wearing valuable, particularly visible jewellery or watches, or carrying items that might draw attention. Avoid unannounced/unscheduled public gatherings. Visitors to Addis Ababa should use CRS drivers, who may be made available during the day or night, as pre-arranged. If you have to drive alone, phone someone at destination point and advise regarding departure and estimated arrival times. If returning home alone, alert someone at your location that you are leaving and call him/her when you arrive home. At night ask someone to accompany you to your vehicle. Park in a well-lit, guarded area. In case of emergency/assault/robbery, DO NOT RESIST. Cooperate and give up your valuables. In Ethiopia, criminals are generally only likely to use force if confronted aggressively. If during business hours, call CRS/ET immediately. If after hours, the Security Focal Point or alternate, or Department Head should be contacted. Guards should announce each visitor to a residence or office. No unknown individual may enter without permission. Carry some form of identification and a mobile phone if available. Always use common sense!

7 10. Reporting of Incidents All CRS/ET staff are required (by CRS HQ) to report any changes in the security situation and all security incidents and vehicle accidents, however minimal, to the Security Focal Point. (Appendix V: Security Incident Report Form). The SFP will report appropriate information to CRS EARO and HQ, and if applicable share this information to other NGOs, the UN and/or the US Embassy. In accordance with standard CRS procedures, staff and visitors are required to report all security incidents and vehicle accidents, however minimal, to the Security Focal Point. Pertinent data to be captured includes: Who is reporting? What happened? Where did it happen? When did it happen? Who was involved? Include details of any victims involved in the incident. What is the impact on those affected? Include details of their current condition. Who perpetrated the incident? What is your current situation? The report should me made immediately to the CRS member of staff hosting the visit, or to the persons mentioned in the Emergency Contact List. 11. Medical facilities Local Hospitals, Doctors and Medical Clinics Land Mark Hospital Cardiologist Dr. Kadede Oli Swedish Clinic Wzo. Yeshi Dr. Belede Cardiologist, Addis Cardiac Hospital Dr. Fikru Maru Dr. Bekele Alemayehu Blue & White Clinic Dr. Sharon Ehrlich CRS Emergency contact List TITLE NAME CONTACT NUMBER CRS Baltimore HQ (+1) Director, Staff Safety & Security Johns Patrick (+1) Regional Director David Orth-Moore (+254) Country Representative Matt Davis Regional Security Advisor Hassan Benbaha (+254) Other Useful Contact Numbers TITLE NAME CONTACT NUMBER CRS Ethiopia Office Human Resource Manager Aynalem Demeke Ethiopia Police 911/991 U.S Embassy (RSO) (Emergency) *Note: when calling Ethiopia from an international location, use country code 251 and disregard the first zero in the phone number. E.g. CRS office phone number is