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1 This PDF is a selection from an out-of-print volume from the National Bureau of Economic Research Volume Title: Population, Labor Force, and Long Swings in Economic Growth: The American Experience Volume Author/Editor: Richard A. Easterlin Volume Publisher: NBER Volume ISBN: X Volume URL: Publication Date: 1968 Chapter Title: Bibliography Chapter Author: Richard A. Easterlin Chapter URL: Chapter pages in book: (p )

2 BIBLIOGRAPHY

3 BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. Abramovitz, M., Evidences of Long Swings in Aggregate Construction since the Civil War, New York, NBER, , "Growing Up in An Affluent Society," in Eli Ginzberg (ed.), The Nation's Children, Vol. I: The Family and Social Change, New York, , in National Bureau of Economic Research, 37th, 38th, 39th, and 40th Annual Reports, New York, , "The Nature and Significance of Kuznets Cycles," Economic Development and Cultural Change, April 1961, pp , Statement in Hearings before the Joint Economic Committee, 86th Cong., 1st Sess., Pt. 2, Hi.rtorical and Comparative Rates of Production, Productivity, and Prices, Washington, 1959, pp , and David, P. A., "Preliminary Notes on the Postwar and Long-Term Growth Experience of the United States," Research Center in Economic Growth, Stanford University, January 1964, mimeo. 7. Adelman, I., "An Econometric Analysis of Population Growth," American Economic Review, June 1963, pp , "Business Cycles Endogenous or Stochastic?," Economic Journal, December 1960, pp , "Long Cycles A Simulation Experiment," in F. Balderston and A. C. Hogatt (eds.), Proceedings of a Conference on Simulation, Cincinnati, , "Long Cycles Fact or Artifact?," American Economic Review, June 1965, pp Alterman, J., "The Federal Government's Program of Economic Growth Studies," ASA 7th Annual Forecasting Conference, New York, April 23, Bancroft, G., The American Labor Force: Its Growth arid Changing Composition, New York, Barger, H., Distribution's Place in the American Economy since 1889, New York, NBER, Becker, G. S., "An Economic Analysis of Fertility," in Demographic and Economic Change in Developed Countries, Princeton University Press for NBER, 1960, pp Beckford, C. L. F., "Secular Fluctuations in the Growth of Tropical Agricultural Trade," Economic Development and Cultural Change, October 1964, pp

4 276 / BIBLIOGRAPHY 16. Bernstein, E. M., "The Postwar Trend Cycle in the United States," Quarterly Review, First Quarter, 1963, pp Berry, T., Western Prices before 1861: A Study of the Cincinnati Market, Cambridge, Mass., Bird, R. C.; Desai, M. J.; Enzler, J. J.; and Taubman, P., "Kuznets Cycles in Growth Rates: Their Meaning," International Economic Review, May 1965, pp Bogue, D. J., The Population of the United States, Glencoe, III., Borne, W. D., "Demographic Cycles and Economic Development: Some Observations Based Upon Australian Experience," Population Index, January 1980, pp Bowen, W. C., and Berry, R. A., "Unemployment Conditions and Movements of the Money Wage Level," Review of Economics and Statistics, May 1963, pp Brady, D. S., Age and income Distribution, Washington, a., and Friedman, R. 0., "Savings and the Income Distribution," Studies in Income and Wealth 10, New York, NBER, b. Bratt, E. C., "Recent Thinking on Economic Growth and Fluctuations," Annals, March 1966, pp Bridge, L., "The Financing of Investment by New Firms," in Conference on Research in Business Finance, Universities-National Bureau Conference Series 3, New York, NBER, 1952, pp Buckley, K. A. H., Growth and Housing Requirements: A Report on Economic and Social Aspects of the Housing Problem in Saskatoon, Saskatoon, Canada, ,"The Role of Staple Industries in Canada's Economic Development," Journal of Economic History, December 1958, pp , "Urban Building and Real Estate Fluctuations in Canada," Canadian Journal of Economics and Political Science, February 1952, pp Burns, A. F., Production Trends in the United States since 1870, New York, NBER, Campbell, A. A., "Recent Fertility Trends in the United States and Canada," in Proceedings of the World Population Conference, 1965, Vol. II, United Nations, New York, 1967, pp Campbell, B. 0., Population Change and Building Cycles, Urbana, Illinois, , "Long Swings in Residential Construction: The Postwar Experience," American Economic Review, May 1963, pp Carson, D., "Changes in the Industrial Composition of Manpower since the Civil War," in Conference on Research in Income and Wealth, Studies in Income and Wealth 11, New York, NBER, 1949, pp

5 r BIBLIOGEAPHY / Coale, A. J., and Zelnik, M., New Estimates of Fertility and Population in the United States, Princeton, Cole, A. H., "Cyclical and Sectional Variations in the Sale of Public Lands, ," Review of Economics and Statistics, January 1927, pp Conference on Research in Income and Wealth, Output, Employment, and Productivity in the United States after 1800, Studies in Income and Wealth 30, New York, NBER, Cooper, S., and Johnston, D. F., "Labor Force Projections for ," Monthly Labor Review, February 1965, pp Creamer, D., Capital Expansion and Capacity in Postwar Manufacturing, New York, , Recent Changes in Manufacturing Capacity, New York, ; Dobrovolsky, S. P.; and Borenstein, I., Capital in Manufacturing and Mining: Its Formation and Financing, Princeton for NBER, Daly, D. J., "Kuznets Cycles in Canada," paper presented to the Ottawa Chapter, Canadian Political Science Association, March , "Long Cycles and Recent Canadian Experience," in Royal Commission on Banking and Finance, Appendix Volume, Ottawa, 1964, pp , "The Scope for Monetary Policy A Synthesis," unpublished paper, Conference on Stabilization Policy, University of Western Ontario, August 30 September 1, David, Paul A., "Factories at the Prairies' Edge: A Study of Industrialization in Chicago, ," doctoral dissertation in process, Harvard University Davis, J. S., "Implications of Prospective United States Population Growth in the 1960's," Milbank Memorial Fund Quarterly, April 1961, pp , "The Population Upsurge and the American Economy, ," Journal of Political Economy, October 1953, pp , The Population Upsurge in the United States, War-Peace Pamphlet No. 12, Stanford, Calif., Davis, K., "The Theory of Change and Response in Modern Demographic History," Population Index, October 1963, pp Denison, E. F., "Discussion," American Economic Review, May 1963, pp Dernburg, T. F., and Strand, K. T., "Hidden Unemployment : A Quantitative Analysis by Age and Sex," American Economic Review, March 1988, pp , "Manpower Gap," Challenge, December 1964, pp Douglas, P. H., Real Wages in the United States, , New York, 1930.

6 278 / BIBLIOGRAPHY 51. Duesenberry, J. S., income, Saving, and the Theory of Consumer Behavior, Cambridge, Mass., a. Duncan, 0. D., "Farm Background and Differential Fertility," Demography, 1965, Vol. II. 52. Durand, J. D., The Labor Force in the United States, , New York, Easterlin, R. A., "Discussion," 1964 Proceedings of the Business and Economic Statistic Section of the American Statistical Association, pp , "Influences in European Overseas Emigration before World War I," Economic Development and Cultural Change, April 1961, pp , "Long Swings in U.S. Demographic and Economic Growth: Some Findings on the Historical Pattern," Demography, 1965, Vol. II, pp , On the Relation of Economic Factors to Recent and Projected Fertility Changes," Demography, 1988, Vol. III, pp Economic Council of Canada, First Annual Review: Economic Goals for Canada to 1970, Ottawa, Economic Report of the President, Washington, various dates. 59. Eldridge, H. T., and Thomas, D. S., Population Redistribution and Economic Growth, United States, , Vol. III: Demographic Analyses and interrelations, Philadelphia, Evans, G. H., Jr., Business Incorporation.s in the United States, :3, New York, NBER, Evans, W. D., and Hoffenberg, M., "The Interindustry Relations Study for 1947," Review of Economics and Statistics, May 1952, pp Eversley, D. E. C., and Jackson, V., "Problems Encountered in Forecasting Housing Demand in an Area of High Economic Activity: Headship Rates in Relation to Age Structure, Fertility, Education, and Socio-Economic Groups," in World Population Conference, 1965, Vol. IV, United Nations, New York, 1967, pp Fels, R., "Discussion," American Economic Review, May 1983, pp Ferber, R., "Research on Household Behavior," American Economic Review, March 1962, pp Ferenczi, I., International Migrations, I: Statistics, Walter F. Wilcox (ed.), New York, NBER, Fishlow, A., American Railroads and the Transformation of the Ante- Bellurn Economy, Cambridge, Mass., Freedman, R., "Norms for Family Size in Underdeveloped Areas," Proceedings of the Royal Society, 1963, B, Vol. 159, pp ; Goldberg, D.; and Bumpass, L., "Current Fertility Expectations

7 BIBLIOGRAPHY / 279 of Married Couples in the United States; 1963," Population Index, January 1965, pp ; Wheipton, P. K.; and Campbell, A. A., Family Planning, Sterility, and Population Growth, New York, Frickey, E., Production in the United States, , Cambridge, Mass., Fuchs, V. R., "Action Programs to Deal with Unemployment," 1961 Proceedings of the Business and Economic Statistics Section of the American Statistical Association, pp , "Population Growth Concepts and the Economy of Tomorrow," Commercial and Financial Chronicle, December 13, Caibraith, V. L., and Thomas, D. S., "Birth Rates and the Interwar Business Cycles," Journal of the American Statistical Association, December 1941, pp Gallaway, L. E., The Retirement Decision: An Exploratory Essay, Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Social Security Administration, Division of Research and Statistics, Research Report No. 9, Washington, a. Gailman, B. E., in Trend,s in the American Economy in the Nineteenth Century, Studies in Income and Wealth 24, Princeton for NBER, b., in Output, Employment, and Productivity in the United States After 1800, Studies in Income and Wealth 30, New York, NBER, Gerschenkron, A., Economic Backwardness in Historical Perspective, Cambridge, Mass., Goodrich, C.; Cranmer, H. J.; and Segal, H. H., Canals and American Economic Development, New York, Gordon, M. S., Employment Exparnion and Population Growth: The California Experience: , Berkeley, Calif., Gordon, R. A., "Discussion," American Economic Review, May 1963, pp , "What Kind of a Business Cycle in the Years Ahead?," Commercial and Financial Chronicle, September 5, 1963, pp. 3 if. 80., and Gordon, M. S. (eds.), Prosperity and New York, Gottlieb, M., "Fluctuations in Marriage and Migration Experience in Long Swings in Economic Growth," abstracted in World Population Conference, 1965, Vol. IV, United Nations, New York, 1967, pp Grabill, W. H.; Kiser, C. V.; and Wheipton, P. K., The Fertility of American Women, New York, Gutman, R., "The Birth Statistics of Massachusetts during the Nineteenth Century," Population Studies, July 1956, pp Hagen, E. E., "Population and Economic Growth," American Economic Review, June 1959, pp

8 280 / BIBLIOGRAPHY 85. Hall, A. R., "Some Long Period Effects of the Kinked Age Distribution of the Population of Australia ," Economic Record, March 1963, pp Hansen, A. H., "Economic Progress and Declining Population Growth," American Economic Review, March 1939, pp , Fiscal Policy and Business Cycles, New York, Hickman, B. C., Growth and Stability in the Postwar Economy, Washington, , "The Long Cycle: Hidden Force in the Economy," Dun's Review and Modern Industry, December 1963, pp. 48 if. 90., "The Postwar Retardation: Another Long Swing in the Rate of Growth?," American Economic Review, May 1963, pp "Housing of Nonfarm Families," Federal Reserve Bulletin, September 1959, pp Isard, W., "A Neglected Cycle; The Transport-Buikling Cycle," Review of Economics and Statistics, November 1942, pp , "Transport Development and Building Cycles," Quarterly Journal of Economics, November 1942, pp Jaffe, A. J., and Carleton, R. 0., Occupational Mobility in the United States, , New York, , and Stewart, C. D., Manpower Resources and Utilization, New York, Jerome, H., Migration and Business Cycles, New York, NBER, Jones, E. B., "New Estimates of Hours of Work Per Week and Hourly Earnings," Review of Economics and Statistics, November 1983, pp a. Kaplan, D. L., and Casey, M. C., Occupational Trends in the United States, 1900 to 1950, Bureau of the Census Working Paper No. 5, Washington, Kelley, A. C., "International Migration and Economic Growth: Australia, ," Journal of Economic History, September 1985, pp Kendrick, J. W., Productivity Trends in the United States, Princeton for NBER, Keynes, J. M., "Some Economic Consequences of a Declining Population," Eugenics Review, April 1937, pp Kramm, E. R., and Thomas, D. S., "Rural and Urban Marriage in Relation to the Sex Ratio," Rural Sociology, March 1942, pp Kuznets, S., Capital in the American Economy: Its Formation and Financing, Princeton for NBER, , "Long Swings in the Growth of Population and in Related Economic Variables," Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, February 1958, pp , "Quantitative Aspects of Economic Growth of Nations, I:

9 BIBLIOGRAPHY / 281 Levels and Variability of Rates of Growth," Economic Development and Cultural Change, October 1958, pp , Secular Movements in Production and Prices, New York, ; Miller, A. R.; and Easterlin, R. A., Population Redistribution and Economic Growth, United States, , H: Analyses of Economic Change, Philadelphia, , and Rubin, E., Immigration arid the Foreign Born, New York, NBER, Lansing, J. B., and Morgan, J. N., "Consumer Finances over the Life Cycle," in L. H. Clark (ed.), Consumer Behavior, Vol. II: The Life Cycle and Consumer Behavior, New York, 1955, pp Lebergott, S., "Annual Estimates of Unemployment in the United States, ," in The Measurement and Behavior of Unemployment, Universities-National Bureau Conference Series 8, Princeton for NBER, , Manpower in Economic Growth: The American Record since 1800, New York, Lee, E. S.; Miller, A. R.; Brainerd, C.; and Easterlin, R. A., Population Redistribution and Economic Growth, United States, , I: Methodological Considerations and Reference Tables, Philadelphia, Leibenstein, H., Economic Backwardness and Economic Growth, New York, Lewis, J. P., Building Cycles and Britain's Growth, New York, , "Growth and Inverse Cycles: A Two-Country Model," Economic Journal, March 1964, pp Long, C. D., "The Illusion of Wage Rigidity: Long and Short Cycles in Wages and Labor Costs," Review of Economics and Statistics, May 1960, pp , The Labor Force under Changing Income and Employment, Princeton for NBER, Losch, A., Bevolkerungswellen und Wechsellagen. Beitrage zur Ertorschung der wirtshaftlichen Wechsellagen. Autschwung, Krise, Stockung, Vol. XIII, Jena, , "Population Cycles as a Cause of Business Cycles," Quarterly Journal of Economics, 1937, pp Madden, C. H., "On Some Indications of Stability in the Growth of Cities in the United States," Economic Development and Cultural Change, April 1958, pp , "Some Spatial Aspects of Urban Growth in the United States," Economic Development and Cultural Change, July 1956, pp , "Some Temporal Aspects of the Growth of Cities in the United States," Economic Development and Cultural Change, January 1958, pp

10 282 / BIBLIOGRAPHY 122. Marker, Gordon, "Internal Migration and Economic Opportunity, France, ," unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Pennsylvania, Matthews, R. C. 0., The Business Cycle, Chicago, Mayer, K., Class Differentials in the United States," Kykios, XII, 1959, Fasc. 4, pp McDougall, D. M., "immigration into Canada, ," Canadian Journal of Economics and Political Science, May 1961, pp Miller, A. R., "Components of Labor Force Growth," Journal csf Economic History, March Mincer, J., "Labor Force Participation and Unemployment: A Review of Recent Evidence," in R. A. Gordon and M. S. Gordon (eds.), Prosperity and Unemployment, New York, 1966, pp , "Labor Force Participation of Married Women," in Aspects of Labor Economics, Universities-National Bureau Conference Series 14, Princeton for NBER, 1962, pp a. Minsky, H. P., "Longer Waves in Financial Relations: Financial Factors in the More Severe Depressions," American Economic Review, May 1964, pp Mintz, I., "Discussion," American Economic Review, May 1963, pp Modigliani, F., "Fluctuations in the Saving-Income Ratio: A Problem in Economic Forecasting," Studies in Income and Wealth 11, New York, NBER, 1949, pp North, D. C., The Economic Growth of the United States, , Englewood Cliffs, N.J., Okun, B., Trends in Birth Rates in the United States since 1870, Baltimore, O'Leary, P. J., and Lewis, W. A., "Secular Swings in Production and Trade, ," Manchester School of Economic and Social Studies, May 1955, pp Orcutt, G. H., et at., Microanalysis of Socioeconomic Systems: A Simulation Study, New York, Palmore, E., "Retirement Patterns Among Aged Men: Findings of the 1963 Survey of the Aged," Social Security Bulletin, August 1964, pp President's Committee to Appraise Employment and Unemployment Statistics, Measuring Employment and Unemployment, Washington, Rosovsky, H., and Ohkawa, K., "Economic Fluctuations in Pre-War Japan: A Preliminary Analysis of Cycles and Long Swings," Hitotsubashi Journal of Economics, October 1962, pp Ross, A. M. (ed), Unemployment and the American Economy, New York, 1964.

11 BIBLIOGRAPHY / Rostow, W. W., The Stages of Economic Growth, Cambridge, England, Schmookler, J., "Economic Sources of Inventive Activity," Journal of Economic History, March 1962, pp Schumpeter, J. A., Business Cycles, New York, Shinohara, M., "Growth and the Long Swing in the Japanese Economy," Hitotsubashi Journal of Economics, October 1960, pp Siegel, J. S., and Akers, D. S., "Outlook for Population at Mid-Decade," American Statistical Association: 1964 Proceedings of the Business and Economic Section, pp ; Zitter, M.; and Akers, D. S., Pro fections of the Population of the United States, by Age and Sex: 1964 to 1985, July Silberling, N. J., The Dynamics of Business, New York, a. Silver, M., "Births, Marriages, and Business Cycles in the United States," Journal of Political Economy, June 1965, pp , "Births, Marriages, and Income Fluctuations in the United Kingdom and Japan," Economic Development and Cultural Change, April 1966, pp a. Simon, M., "The Pattern of New British Portfolio Investment, ," mirneo., Smith, W. B., "Wage Rates on the Erie Canal, ," Journal of Economic History, September 1983, pp a. Smolensky, E., and Ratajcza]c, D., "The Conception of Cities," Explorations in Entrepreneurial History, 11(1965), pp Somers, A. T., "The Economic Environment of the Middle Sixties," Conference Board Record, September Spengler, J. J., The Fecundity of Native and Foreign-Born Women in New England, Washington, Strand, K., and Demburg, T., "Cyclical Variation in Civilian Labor Force Participation," Review of Economics and Statistics, November 1964, pp Strauss, F., and Bean, L. H., Gross Farm Income and Indices of Farm Production and Prices in the United States, , Washington, Swerling, B. C., Agriculture and Recent Economic Conditions, San Francisco, Taeuber, C. and I. B., The Changing Population of the United States, New York, Tella, A., "Labor Force Sensitivity to Employment by Age, Sex," Industrial Relations, February 1965, pp , "The Relation of Labor Force to Employment," Industrial and Labor Relations Review, April 1964, pp Thomas, B., Migration and Economic Growth, Cambridge, Eng., 1954.

12 284 / BIBLIOGRAPHY 157., "Wales and the Atlantic Economy," Scottish Journal of Political Economy, November 1959, PP Thomas, D. S., "Age and Economic Differentials in Interstate Migration," Population Index, October 1958, pp , "International Migration," in Philip M. Hauser (ed.), Population and World Politics, Glencoe, III., 1958, pp , "Some Aspects of a Study of Population Redistribution in the United States, ," Proceedings of the World Population Conference, 1954, Rome, 31 August-10 September, United Nations, New York, , Vol. H, pp , Social Aspects of the Business Cycle, New York, , Social and Economic Aspects of Swedish Population Movements, , New York, , and Zachariah, K. C., "Some Temporal Variations in Internal Migration and Economic Activity, United States, ," International Union for the Scientific Study of Population, International Population Conference, New York, 1961, London, 1963, Vol. I, pp Thompson, W. S., and Wheipton, P. K., Population Trends in the United States, New York, a. Thorp, W. L., Business Annals, New York, NBER, 1926, p Tiebout, C. M., The Community Economic Base Study, New York, T'ien, H. Y., "A Demographic Aspect of Interstate Variations in American Fertility, ," Milbank Memorial Fund Quarterly, January 1959, pp Tostlebe, A., Capital in Agriculsure: Its Formation and Financing since 1870, Princeton, Ulmer, M. J., Capital in Transportation, Communication, and Public Utilities: its Formation and Financing, Princeton, United Nations Department of Social Affairs, The Determinants and Consequences of Population Trends, New York, Universities-National Bureau Committee for Economic Research, Demographic and Economic Change in Developed Countries, Princeton for NBER, , The Measurement and Behavior of Unemployment, Princeton for NBER, U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of Population: 1900, Special Report: Occupations, Washington, , Census of Population: 1940, Comparative Occupation Statistics for the United States, 1870 to 1940, Washington, , Census of Population: 1940, Population Characteristics of Persons Not in the Labor Force, Washington, 1943.

13 BIBLIOGRAPHY / , Census of Population: 1940, Vol. II: Characteristics of the Population, United States Summary, Washington, , Census of Population: 1950, United States Summary, Washington, , Census of Population: 1950, Special Report P-E No. 1A: Em.. ployment and Personal Characteristics, Washington, , Census of Population: 1950, Special Report P-E No. SA: Nativity and Parentage, Washington, , Census of Population: 1980, United States Summary, Wash ington, Current Population Reports: Consumer Income, Ser. P-60. Current Population Reports: Labor Force Bulletin, Ser. P-SO. Current Population Reports: Population CharacterLstlcs, Ser. P , Current Population Reports: Population Estimates, Ser. P , Farm Population: 1880 to 1950, Technical Paper No. 3, Washington, , Forecasts of the Population of the United States , Washington, , Historical Statistics of the United States, Colonial Times to 1957, Washington, , Historical Statistics of the United States, Colonial Times to 1957; Continuation to 1962 and Revisions, Washington, , Immigrants and Their Children, 1920, Washington, , Ratio of Children to Women, 1920, Washington, , Statistical Abstract of the United States, 1960, Washington, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment and Earnings, Washington, , Population and Labor Force Prof ections for the United States, 1960 to 1975, Bulletin No. 1242, Washington, , Special Labor Force Report No. 24, Interim Revised Projections of United States Labor Force, , Washington, , Special Labor Force Report No. 49, Labor Force Projections for , Washington, , Special Labor Force Report No. 13, Marital and Family Characteristics of Workers, March 1960, reprint from Monthly Labor Review, April , Special Labor Force Report No. 20, Marital and Family Characteristics of Workers, March 1961, reprint from Monthly Labor Review, January U.S. Department of Agrieulture, Agricultural Statistics 1960, Washington, , Agricultural Marketing Service, Farm Population: Effect of

14 286 / BIBLIOGRAPHY Definition Changes in Size and Composztion of the Rural Farm Population, April 1960 and 1959, Series Census-AMS (P-27), Washington, April 17, , Agricultural Marketing Service, Farm Population Estimates for , AMS-80 (1959), Washington, February , Agricultural Marketing Service, Farm Population: Migration to and from Farms, , AMS-lO, Washington, December U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Public Health Service, National Center for Health Statistics, Natality Statistics Analysis: United States 1962, Series 21, No. 1, Washington, U.S. Department of Labor, Manpower Report of the President, Washington, 1963, 1964, U.S. Housing and Home Finance Agency, Population Growth in Standard Metropolitan Areas, , Washington, U.S. National Resources Committee, Population Statistics, 1: National Data, Washington, , The Problems of a Changing Population, Washington, U.S. National Resources Planning Board, Estimates of the Future Population of the United States , Washington, U.S. Office of Business Economics, U.S. Income and Output, Washington, U.S. Office of Manpower, Automation and Training, "Manpower and Immigration," Manpower Report, November 20, U.S. Public Health Service, Vital Statistics of the United States 1958, Vol. I, Washington, , Monthly Vital Statistics Report, May 31, U.S. Senate, 61st Congress, 3rd Sess., Doe. No. 747, Reports of the Immigration Commission, Abstracts of Reports of the Immigration Commission, Washington, 1911, Vol. I; Vol. II, pp Walker, F. A., "Immigration and Degradation," Forum, August 1891, pp , "Restriction of Immigration," Atlantic Monthly, June 1896, pp Weintraub, R., "The Birth Rate and Economic Development: An Empirical Study," Econometrica, October Wilkinson, M., "Evidences of Long Swings in the Growth of Swedish Population and Related Economic Variables," Journal of Economic History, March 1967, pp Williamson, J. C., American Growth and the Balance of Payments, , Chapel Hill, N.C., , "Dollar Scarcity and Surplus in Historical Perspective," American Economic Review, May 1963, pp Wolfbein, S. L., Employment and Unemployment in the United States, Chicago, 1964.

15 BIBLIOGRAPHY / Zarnowitz, V., "Cyclical Aspects of Incorporations and the Formation of New Business Enterprises," in G. H. Moore (ed.), Business Cycle indicators, Princeton for NBER, 1961, Vol. I, pp Zelnik, M., "Estimates of Annual Births and Birth Rates for the White Population of the United States from 1855 to 1934," unpublished doctoral dissertation, Princeton University, October 1958.

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