Kenya - Migration Household Survey 2009

Transcription

1 Microdata Library Kenya - Migration Household Survey 2009 University of Nairobi Report generated on: May 9, 2014 Visit our data catalog at: 1

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3 Sampling Sampling Procedure The study used the Kenya National Bureau of Statistics (KNBS) National Sample Survey and Evaluation Programme (NASSEP IV) sampling frame which has 69 districts as stratum comprising both urban and rural areas. The sample design for the study was multi-stage with the first stage covering the primary sampling units (PSUs) which was a sample of clusters developed during the 1999 census. The second stage was selection of households within the clusters. A re-listing of all households in sampled clusters was carried out to up-date the 1999 and also to be able to classify households into the three strata of interest in this study: international migrant households, internal migrant households, and non-migrant households. At the household level, interviews were held with the household head/spouse or other responsible adult with the requisite information about the household. The study uses a purposive survey methodology that first selected districts with the largest concentration of international migrants, and then selected clusters also with the highest concentration of international migrants. This was done based on the information of previous household surveys and the knowledge of the administrative officers, statistical officers and cluster guides. Sampling Frame At the time of the study, the available National Census was conducted in This census did not contain questions on remittances but had questions on migration. The migration question asked then was where family members were living in the last one year. This means that the census captured either those who had come back or those who had come visiting and were to return to where they migrated to. It did not distinguish clearly the migration component. Further, the census was conducted 10 years ago which meant it does not provide the current status on aspects of migration. The Kenya Integrated Household Budget Survey (KIHBS) 2005/06 and the Financial Services Deepening survey (FSD) are two surveys that have recently been conducted with an element of migration and remittances. However, the information is not adequate for the current survey. For example, the KIHBS has a question that captures issues of remittance linking them to the transfers received from abroad. Although it has about 13,000 households, only about 125 households indicated they had received such transfers. This was a very small sample compared to what was envisaged by the current study. The Financial Services Deepening survey (FSD) (2006/07) also has a question on cash transfers from abroad but all this is related to issues of access to financial services and not to issues sought in the current study. Thus, it could not be used for the current study. The KIHBS and FSD surveys was based on the KNBS NASSEP IV and although one may have thought of revisiting the households that were covered for additional information, it is against the KNBS regulations to conduct such follow-ups and the households identities are not provided. The Kenya National Bureau of Statistics household survey sampling frame, the National Sample Survey and Evaluation Programme (NASSEP IV), is based on the 1999 population and housing census. The objective of NASSEP IV frame was to construct a national master sampling frame of clusters of households in both rural and urban areas in Kenya using a sound sampling design. This sampling frame has a total of 1,800 clusters of which 1,260 are rural and 540 are urban as indicated in Appendix Table 1. Each cluster holds about 80 to 100 households. The framework is based on the old administrative units comprising of 69 districts in 8 Provinces. Currently, the districts have been subdivided and increased to 265 but this does not distort our sampling frame based on NASSEP IV as the new districts are curved out of the old districts. The Sample This study utilized the NASSEP IV frame to select 102 clusters (5.6% of the total clusters) in 19 districts which yielded a total sample of 2,448 households assuming an average of 24 households in each cluster. The districts were selected first, then the clusters in each district and finally the households in each cluster. Households in each cluster were re-listed (updated) and grouped into three strata--international migrant, internal migrant and non-migrant households. In the selection of clusters in each district, at least one of the targeted five clusters was urban with exception of Nairobi and Mombasa which are purely urban. The study however ended up covering 92 clusters (5.1% of the total clusters in NASSEP IV) from 17 districts. Two targeted districts-kajiado and Baringo- were not covered due to logistical problems. First of all, the team was expected to finalize the field by 15th December so that the analysis could begin and be on time. When the fieldwork was winding up on 22nd December, the two districts were yet to be covered. Two, the two districts have more transport challenges and the team was therefore expected to use KNBS transport facilities and more research assistants to capture the households which are more widely spread on the ground. This required adequate funding and by the time the fieldwork was winding up no funds had been received from World Bank. Third, even when the funds were received in January, the team considered that the study would be capturing households in a different consumption cycle, having just gone through the festive season. Given all these factors, this saw a total of 2,123 household covered out of 2, 208 (96% of the total targeted). Of these, some households were later dropped due to a lot of missing data especially due to non response, and at the end a total of 1,942 households were cleaned up for analysis. This including 953 are urban and 989 rural drawn from 51 rural and 40 urban clusters. Selection of Districts There was a particular interest in investigating households that had international migrants and which may have received 3

4 transfers from abroad. A random sample of the population would not produce adequate number of households that had received transfers or had international migration, as we learnt from the KIHBS data set. As indicated earlier, out of 13,000 households surveyed under KIHBS only 125 households receiving remittances from abroad. With this experience and information, this study selected the top nineteen districts from KIHBS (2005/07) that showed households with migration characteristics. The key factor used was that the households indicated they received cash transfers from abroad. Districts with more than one household fulfilling this criterion of having received transfers from abroad were considered. In addition, Financial Services Deepening survey (FSD) survey results were used to confirm that the selected districts had reported having received money from abroad. In addition, since this is a relatively rare phenomenon in Kenya, the selection of districts is designed such that households with the relevant characteristics have a high probability of being selected. As such those districts with a presence of cash transfers mechanisms such as M-PESA, Western Union, or Money Gram services were considered. All these information was used to update the information from KIHBS. Selection of Clusters In each district, 5 clusters were selected of which at least one cluster was an urban cluster as defined by KNBS, except for Nairobi and Mombasa which are purely urban. Some other district had more than one urban cluster selected based on their number of clusters and accessibility to rural clusters for example Garissa. The study covered 10 clusters in Nairobi and 6 in Mombasa with an attempt made to capture this across various income group levels. In selection of the clusters, the supervisors sat down with the KNBS statistics officers, cluster guides, village elders, administrative officers (Chiefs and sub-chiefs) to map out clusters where the probability of getting an international migrant was high. Of this probabilities were very subjective as it was based on how well these people understood the composition of the households in the areas they represent. This helped to identify the five clusters targeted for study. Selection of Households The selection process involved re-listing of the households in each cluster so as to update the list of occupied households and identify the three groups of households. Each group or stratum was treated as an independent sub-frame and random sampling was used to select households in each group. The listing exercise was facilitated by the respective District Statistical Officer (DSO). An instrument was developed to capture the basic characteristics of households in terms of household headship, number of members, and whether contain international or internal migrants and number. A total of 24 households per cluster were targeted for selection for interview making a minimum of 120 households in each district except Mombasa and Nairobi. Experience on the ground was different and this saw variations on the household selected in the sample. The factors considered included availability of international migrants and a rule that in each cluster a maximum of 10 non-migrant households were surveyed (the expected rule was 10 non-migrants, 7 local migrants and 7 international migrant). However due to the rarity of international migrants, in the sampling process, international migrants were given a priority so that in each cluster almost all were included in the sample. In the re-listing exercise, households were assigned identification numbers. When the number of households listed in a stratum exceeds the number to be sampled, households in that stratum were selected randomly. However, the procedure results in unequal selection probabilities of households in the three strata, which needs to be kept track of through the supervisor sampling sheets. For the identification of the respondent household and clusters, the NASSEP IV sampling frame had adequately documented facilitating identification of selected clusters and households on the ground. Each cluster had a map and a listing of the households within it. The maps indicate the location of the structures and the households. This enabled the interviewers reach the selected household. Deviations from Sample Design At the planning stage of the survey, the aim was to select the districts purposively and the clusters and households randomly. However, from the pre-testing we realised that it was possible to end up with clusters without international migrants, which was the key target, if and the design did not allow substituting the clusters once the selection has been made. We also realised that the DSOs, village elders and administrative officers had an idea of households in their locality and could identify those with international migrants. Thus we changed the methodology of selecting the clusters. Response Rate 96.2 percent 4

5 Questionnaires Questionnaire was designed by the World Bank; updated and contextualized by the research team School of Economics University of Nairobi Tested in a pilot survey conducted in Nairobi Language of design was English. Enumerators however came from the local areas covered in the survey and were trained to elicit information as contained in the questionnaire in local languages The survey questionnaire has 7 sections. Every question is important, and should be completed as fully and accurately as possible. The goal is to collect the BEST possible information from household respondents on each and every question. All answers are to be recorded on the actual survey questionnaire. Each household member is assigned an ID and this ID remains the same throughout the questionnaire. In other words, the ID of a household member does NOT change from one section of the questionnaire to another. COVER SHEET The cover sheet asks for basic information on the household, such as location of household, name of household head, village/town and enumeration area. It is very important to fill this cover sheet out correctly, so that if some information is incorrect - the household can be located again. SECTION 1: HOUSEHOLD ROSTER This section collects basic demographic data on each and every member of the household. It is VERY important that this section be completed accurately and completely. SECTION 2: HOUSEHOLD CONDITIONS Section 2 collects information on household conditions and characteristics. Please interview the main person responsible for each dwelling. In this section there is only one response for each household. The Q2.1 asks for the tenure status of the dwelling whereas Q2.2 and Q2.3 ask about its construction and the material of its exterior walls. Information on cooking room and the total number of rooms are in Q2.4 and Q2.5. The last questions in this section ask about the presence of electricity and the source of drinking water for the household. SECTION 3: HOUSEHOLD ASSETS AND EXPENDITURE Section 3 is VERY important because it collects information on the assets and expenditures of the household. The goal of this section is to understand the current welfare status of the household, that is, is the household rich or poor. SECTION 4: USE OF FINANCIAL SERVICES Section 4 collects information on the household use of financial services. The purpose of this section is to see if households with migrants and remittances tend to use banks more often than households without migrants. SECTION 5: MIGRATION AND REMITTANCES FROM FORMER HOUSEHOLD MEMBERS Section 5 collects information on internal and international migration and remittances from former household members who are currently living outside of the household. Former household members here means any person who used to live in the household, but is CURRENTLY living away from the household in another place within the country OR in another country. The person who is CURRENTLY living outside the household may have moved away for the purposes of work, marriage, education, or other reason. SECTION 6: MIGRATION AND REMITTANCES FROM NON-HOUSEHOLD HOUSEHOLD MEMBERS Section 6 collects information on internal and international remittances received from non-household members. In other words, households without migrants may well receive remittances from friends, relatives and other people who are not members of their households. Households without migrants can also receive remittances from people for the repayment of loans or debts. SECTION 7: RETURN MIGRANTS Section 7 collects information on household members who used to live in another part of the country OR in another country, and have since returned to the household to live. For the purposes of this survey, these people are defined as return migrants. Return migrants here include all members of the household who used to live outside of the household for at least 3 months during the last 5 years, and have since returned to the household to live. 5

6 Data Collection Data Collection Dates Start End Cycle N/A Data Collection Mode Face-to-face [f2f] DATA COLLECTION NOTES Two levels of training were conducted for the instruments and sampling procedure. At the initial point the supervisors were trained on the questionnaire, re-listing process and selection of households. First of all, the research team in Nairobi held a one day workshop with Prof Bilsborrow and Ms. Plaza to finalise on the instruments and sampling procedures. Then the research team trained the supervisors for two days going through the re-listing instrument, the listing sheet, the selection process of households across the three groups and the field questionnaire. The training on the questionnaire reviewed the background, objectives and rationale of the household survey for the project, overview of the proposed scientific methodology for the survey, and an item-by-item familiarization with the instrument for fieldwork, contextualization of issues raised and potential responses and case studies. The training also outlined the project management structure, including reporting lines, roles and conduct of each team member, potential challenges and implications, documentation and field reports as well as relationships with respondents. Reports from the pilot study also featured. The second level of training involved the interviewers. The first group was trained in Nairobi, by the supervisors and the research team. For the supervisors this was again a training ground for them as they were expected to train interviewers in each district they were allocated. The interviewers were trained on the questionnaire and re-listing process. In each selected district, the supervisors spent the two days training the interviewers recruited on the ground, sampling the clusters, re-listing households and sampling households. They also took the interviewers through some sort of pre-testing to ensure that they understood the questionnaire and were comfortable with the questions. SUPERVISION The research team headed by a team leader provided the overall intellectual coordination for the project and in consultation with the World Bank Migration team, took final decisions on all matters relating to the project. The team leader worked with the principal researchers for day to day management of logistics and technical aspects the project. The supervisors oversaw the data gathering at the district level. 6

7 Data Processing Data Editing Data editing was conducted through a period of nearly three months. After data entry, the data analyst together with the team leader worked together to clean up the data and check for inconsistencies. The team also corresponded with Prof Mario Navarrete in identifying and correcting all inconsistencies in the original data. Other Processing Data was entered in SPSS. This was done at a central point in Nairobi with a group of data analysts. Descriptive statistics were conducts at different stages in the process of data cleaning. Questionnaires were entered as they came from the field. The supervisors spent some time confirming the questionnaires against the re-listing sheet and also checking for quality of information. With the help of data analyst who selected a sample of questionnaires from each district assisted in checking for consistency in the responses and addressing any missing information. Initially the team had one data analyst who prepared the code sheet and managed the data entry for the first bunch of questionnaires. However as the data collection picked up, more data analysts were employed to assist with data entry. With the first one hundred questionnaires entered some statistics were generated to check on the quality of information and this helped with the cleaning exercise. Similar exercise was repeated as half of the questionnaires were entered. 7

8 Data Appraisal No content available 8

9 File Description 9

10 Variable List 10

11 Household Content This data file contains information that has been collected using Section 2 (Housing Conditions), Section 3 (Household Assets and Household Expenditure), Section 5 (International and Internal Migration and Remittances from Former Household Members), and Section 6 (International and Internal Migration and Remittances from Non-Household Members) of the Migration Household Survey 2009 questionnaire. Cases 1942 Variable(s) 252 Structure Type: relational Keys: qno(hh unique ID) Version Producer Missing Data Variables ID Name Label Type Format Question V1 qno HH unique ID discrete numeric V2 dqno District questionnaire number discrete character V3 weight HH weight discrete numeric V4 province Province discrete numeric PROVINCE V5 district District discrete numeric District V6 cunit Enumeration area discrete numeric Census Unit (Enumeration Area) V7 urbrural Primary unit urban/rural discrete numeric Primary Unit V8 migrantc Classification of migrants discrete numeric V9 hhtype HH type discrete numeric V10 idcode ID code of principal repondent discrete numeric ID CODE OF PRINCIPAL RESPONDENT V11 hhmnum HH size contin numeric NUMBER OF CURRENT HOUSEHOLD MEMBERS V12 intervie ID code of interviewer discrete numeric INTERVIEWER (Name and code) V13 date1 Date of interview discrete character DATE OF INTERVIEW V14 sname ID code of supervisor discrete numeric SUPERVISOR (Name and code) V15 date2 Date of supervision discrete character DATE V16 q2_1 Tenure status of dwelling discrete numeric What is the tenure status of this dwelling? V17 q2_2 Type of dwelling discrete numeric What type of dwelling does your household live in? V18 q2_3 Major construction material of the exterior walls V19 q2_4 Existence of separate room for cooking V20 q2_5a Total number of separate rooms (main house) V21 q2_5b Total number of separate rooms (other rooms) discrete numeric What is the major construction material of the exterior walls? discrete numeric Do you have a separate room for cooking? contin numeric How many separate rooms do you have in total, excluding bathrooms, corridors, and storage areas (this refers to separate living and dining rooms, bedrooms, etc.)? Main house contin numeric How many separate rooms do you have in total, excluding bathrooms, corridors, and storage areas (this refers to separate living and dining rooms, bedrooms, etc.)? Other Rooms V22 q2_6 Have electricity discrete numeric Does your household have electricity? 11

12 ID Name Label Type Format Question V23 q2_7 Primary source of drinking water discrete numeric What is the primary source of your drinking water? V24 q3_1_1 Own agricultural land at present discrete numeric Does your household own the following asset at present? Agricultural land V25 q3_1_2 Own non-agricultural land at present discrete numeric Does your household own the following asset at present? Non-agricultural land V26 q3_1_3 Own house at present discrete numeric Does your household own the following asset at present? House V27 q3_1_4 Own other buildings at present discrete numeric Does your household own the following asset at present? Other Buildings V28 q3_1_5 Own tuk tuk at present discrete numeric Does your household own the following asset at present? Tuk Tuk V29 q3_1_6 Own radio at present discrete numeric Does your household own the following asset at present? Radio V30 q3_1_7 Own television at present discrete numeric Does your household own the following asset at present? Television V31 q3_1_8 Own refrigerator at present discrete numeric Does your household own the following asset at present? Refrigerator V32 q3_1_9 Own air conditioners at present discrete numeric Does your household own the following asset at present? Air conditioner V33 q3_1_10 Own sound system at present discrete numeric Does your household own the following asset at present? Sound system V34 q3_1_11 Own VCR/DVD player at present discrete numeric Does your household own the following asset at present? VCR/DVD player V35 q3_1_12 Own computer at present discrete numeric Does your household own the following asset at present? Computer V36 q3_1_13 Own mobile phone at present discrete numeric Does your household own the following asset at present? Cell phone / mobile phone V37 q3_1_14 Own non-mobile telephone at present discrete numeric Does your household own the following asset at present? Non-mobile telephone V38 q3_1_15 Own bicycle at present discrete numeric Does your household own the following asset at present? Bicycle V39 q3_1_16 Own animal-drawn cart at present discrete numeric Does your household own the following asset at present? Animal drawn cart V40 q3_1_17 Own car at present discrete numeric Does your household own the following asset at present? Car V41 q3_1_18 Own motorcycle or scooter at present discrete numeric Does your household own the following asset at present? Motorcycle V42 q3_1_19 Own tractor/harvester at present discrete numeric Does your household own the following asset at present? Tractor/harvester V43 q3_1_20 Own bus at present discrete numeric Does your household own the following asset at present? bus V44 q3_1_21 Own lorry at present discrete numeric Does your household own the following asset at present? lorry V45 q3_1_22 Own truck at present discrete numeric Does your household own the following asset at present? truck V46 q3_1_23 Own boat at present discrete numeric Does your household own the following asset at present? boat V47 q3_1_24 Own canoe at present discrete numeric Does your household own the following asset at present? canoe 12

13 ID Name Label Type Format Question V48 q3_2_1 Expenditure on food in past 1 week contin numeric How much in total has your household spent on the following items in the given period? In the past one week: Food (e.g. grains, cassava, plantain, yam, pulses, fruits, vegetables, including self-consumption) V49 q3_2_2 Expenditure on meat in past 1 week contin numeric How much in total has your household spent on the following items in the given period? In the past one week: Meat (fish, chicken, red meat including self-consumption) V50 q3_2_3 Expenditure on cooking fuels in past 1 week V51 q3_2_4 Expenditure on transportation in past 1 week contin numeric How much in total has your household spent on the following items in the given period? In the past one week: Cooking fuels (e.g. kerosene) contin numeric How much in total has your household spent on the following items in the given period? In the past one week: Transportation (e.g. bus/taxi, gasoline) V52 q3_2_5 Other expenditure in past 1 week contin numeric How much in total has your household spent on the following items in the given period? In the past one week: Personal care/leisure/entertainment(e.g. cigarettes, alcohol, beauty salon) V53 q3_2flt Total expenditure on food items in past 1 week V54 q3_2nflt Total expenditure on non-food in past 1 week contin contin numeric numeric V55 q3_2_6 Expenditure on clothing and footwear in past 6months V56 q3_2_7 Expenditure on HH appliances in past 6months V57 q3_2_8 Expenditure on car/motorcycle/vehicle in past 6months V58 q3_2_9 Expenditure on initial cost of mobile phone in past 6months V59 q3_2_10 Expenditure on computer in past 6months V60 q3_2_11 Expenditure on other electronic goods in past 6months V61 q3_2_12 Expenditure on productive assets in past 6months V62 q3_2_13 Expenditure on farming equipment in past 6months V63 q3_2_14 Expenditure on luxury goods in past 6months V64 q3_2_15 Expenditure on rent for housing in past 6months contin numeric How much in total has your household spent on the following items in the given period? In the past 6 months: Clothing and footwear contin numeric How much in total has your household spent on the following items in the given period? In the past 6 months: Household appliances (e.g. furniture, kitchen ware, refrigerators, air conditioners, bedding, carpet) contin numeric How much in total has your household spent on the following items in the given period? In the past 6 months: Car/motorcycle/vehicle/tuk tuk contin numeric How much in total has your household spent on the following items in the given period? In the past 6 months: Cell phone/mobile phone (Initial cost) contin numeric How much in total has your household spent on the following items in the given period? In the past 6 months: Computer contin numeric How much in total has your household spent on the following items in the given period? In the past 6 months: Other electronic goods (e.g. DVDs, TV) contin numeric How much in total has your household spent on the following items in the given period? In the past 6 months: Productive assets (e.g. sewing machine, water pump) contin numeric How much in total has your household spent on the following items in the given period? In the past 6 months: Farming Equipment (e.g. trucks, tractor, ox plough, harvester, spraying machines, water pumps) contin numeric How much in total has your household spent on the following items in the given period? In the past 6 months: Luxury goods (Jewelry and luxury cars) contin numeric How much in total has your household spent on the following items in the given period? In the past 6 months: Rent for housing (imputed rent) 13

14 ID Name Label Type Format Question V65 q3_2_16 Expenditure on utilities in past 6months V66 q3_2_17 Expenditure on education/apprenticeship in past 6months V67 q3_2_18 Expenditure on health in past 6months V68 q3_2_19 Expenditure on wedding, engagement,funerals in past 6months V69 q3_2_20 Expenditure on setting up a busness/opening a store in past 6months V70 q3_2_21 Expenditure on house/land in past 6months V71 q3_2_22 Expenditure on home improvement in past 6months V72 q3_2_23 Expenditure on mortage and loan repayment in past 6months contin numeric How much in total has your household spent on the following items in the given period? In the past 6 months: Payments for utilities (e.g. gas, water, electricity) contin numeric How much in total has your household spent on the following items in the given period? In the past 6 months: Education / apprenticeship (including tuition fees, tutor fees, school uniforms, books, and supplies) contin numeric How much in total has your household spent on the following items in the given period? In the past 6 months: Health (doctor, fees, hospital fees, medicines, drugs) contin numeric How much in total has your household spent on the following items in the given period? In the past 6 months: Wedding/ Engagement / Funerals contin numeric How much in total has your household spent on the following items in the given period? In the past 6 months: Setting up a business / Opening a store contin numeric How much in total has your household spent on the following items in the given period? In the past 6 months: House or land purchase contin numeric How much in total has your household spent on the following items in the given period? In the past 6 months: Home improvements (e.g. roof, floor, plumbing) contin numeric How much in total has your household spent on the following items in the given period? In the past 6 months: Mortgage and loan repayment V73 q3_2_24 Other expenditure in past 6months contin numeric How much in total has your household spent on the following items in the given period? In the past 6 months: Other (specify) V74 q3_2nfle Total expenditure on non-food in past 6months contin numeric V75 q4_1 Existence of bank account for HH member V76 q5_21tmr Total amount of remitt. sent by migrant to HH in past 12months V77 q5_22_1 Amount of remitt. spent on food in past 12months discrete numeric Does anyone in your household have a bank account? contin numeric In the past 12 months, how much money in total has (NAME) sent to your household? discrete numeric How did your household spend the money sent by (NAME) in the past 12 months? Amount (In local currency). Food. V78 q5_22_1b Proportion of remitt. spent on food in past 12months contin numeric V79 q5_22_2 Amount of remitt. spent on education in past 12months contin numeric How did your household spend the money sent by (NAME) in the past 12 months? Amount (In local currency). Education. V80 q5_22_2b Proportion of remitt. spent on education in past 12months contin numeric V81 q5_22_3 Amount of remitt. spent on health in past 12months contin numeric How did your household spend the money sent by (NAME) in the past 12 months? Amount (In local currency). Health. V82 q5_22_3b Proportion of remitt. spent on health in past 12months contin numeric V83 q5_22_4 Amount of remitt. spent on rent in past 12months contin numeric How did your household spend the money sent by (NAME) in the past 12 months? Amount (In local currency). Rent (house, land). 14

15 ID Name Label Type Format Question V84 q5_22_4b Proportion of remitt. spent on rent in past 12months contin numeric V85 q5_22_5 Amount of remitt. spent on marriage/funeral in past 12months contin numeric How did your household spend the money sent by (NAME) in the past 12 months? Amount (In local currency). Marriage/funeral. V86 q5_22_5b Proportion of remitt. spent on marriage/funeral in past 12months contin numeric V87 q5_22_6 Amount of remitt. spent on cars/trucks in past 12months contin numeric How did your household spend the money sent by (NAME) in the past 12 months? Amount (In local currency). Cars/trucks. V88 q5_22_6b Proportion of remitt. spent on cars/trucks in past 12months contin numeric V89 q5_22_7 Amount of remitt. spent on rebuilding house in past 12months contin numeric How did your household spend the money sent by (NAME) in the past 12 months? Amount (In local currency). Rebuild house. V90 q5_22_7b Proportion of remitt. spent on rebuilding house in past 12months contin numeric V91 q5_22_8 Amount of remitt. spent on building new house in past 12months contin numeric How did your household spend the money sent by (NAME) in the past 12 months? Amount (In local currency). Build new house. V92 q5_22_8b Proportion of remitt. spent on building new house in past 12months contin numeric V93 q5_22_9 Amount of remitt. spent on business in past 12months contin numeric How did your household spend the money sent by (NAME) in the past 12 months? Amount (In local currency). Buisness. V94 q5_22_9b Proportion of remitt. spent on business in past 12months contin numeric V95 q5_22_10 Amount of remitt. spent on land in past 12months contin numeric How did your household spend the money sent by (NAME) in the past 12 months? Amount (In local currency). Land purchase. V96 q5_2210b Proportion of remitt. spent on land in past 12months contin numeric V97 q5_22_11 Amount of remitt. spent on livestock in past 12months contin numeric How did your household spend the money sent by (NAME) in the past 12 months? Amount (In local currency). Livestock purchase. V98 q5_2211b Proportion of remitt. spent on livestock in past 12months contin numeric V99 q5_22_12 Amount of remitt. spent on farm improvement in past 12months contin numeric How did your household spend the money sent by (NAME) in the past 12 months? Amount (In local currency). Improved farming. V100 q5_2212b Proportion of remitt. spent on farm improvement in past 12months contin numeric V101 q5_22_13 Amount of remitt. spent on phycical investment in past 12months contin numeric How did your household spend the money sent by (NAME) in the past 12 months? Amount (In local currency). Migrant physical investment. V102 q5_2213b Proportion of remitt. spent on phycical investment in past 12months contin numeric V103 q5_22_14 Amount of remitt. spent on financial assets in past 12months contin numeric How did your household spend the money sent by (NAME) in the past 12 months? Amount (In local currency). Financial assets (bonds,stocks). V104 q5_2214b Proportion of remitt. spent on financial assets in past 12months contin numeric V105 q5_22_15 Amount of remitt. spent on intended recipient in past 12months contin numeric How did your household spend the money sent by (NAME) in the past 12 months? Amount (In local currency). Transfering to intended recipient. 15

16 ID Name Label Type Format Question V106 q5_2215b Proportion of remitt. spent on intended recipient in past 12months contin numeric V107 q5_22_16 Amount of remitt. spent on other expenditure in past 12months contin numeric How did your household spend the money sent by (NAME) in the past 12 months? Amount (In local currency). Other (specify). V108 q5_2216b Proportion of remitt. spent on other expenditure in past 12months V109 q5_22msf Total amount of remitt. spent on food items in past 6months V110 q5_22sfb Proportion of remitt. spent on food items in past 6months V111 q5_22msn Total amount of remitt. spent on non-food in past 6months V112 q5_22snb Proportion of remitt. spent on non-food in past 6months contin contin contin contin contin numeric numeric numeric numeric numeric V113 q5_24gtf Total value of food/goods sent/brought by migrant to HH in past 12months V114 q5_25_1a Migrant sent/brought refridgerators to HH in past 12months V115 q5_25_1b Quantity of fridge sent/brought by migrant to HH in past 12months V116 q5_25_1c Value of fridge sent/brought by migrant to HH in past 12months V117 q5_25_2a Migrant sent/brought freezers to HH in past 12months V118 q5_25_2b Quantity of freezers sent/brought by migrant to HH in past 12months V119 q5_25_2c Value of deep freezers sent/brought by migrant to HH in past 12months V120 q5_25_3a Migrant sent/brought TV to HH in past 12months V121 q5_25_3b Quantity of TV sent/brought by migrant to HH in past 12months V122 q5_25_3c Value of TV freezers sent/brought by migrant to HH in past 12months V123 q5_25_4a Migrant sent/brought HiFi system to HH in past 12months V124 q5_25_4b Quantity of HiFi system sent/brought by migrant to HH in past 12months V125 q5_25_4c Value of HiFi system sent/brought by migrant to HH in past 12months V126 q5_25_5a Migrant sent/brought washing machine to HH in past 12months contin numeric What is the value of food and goods that (NAME) has sent/brought to your household in the past 12 months? VALUE (LOCAL CURRENCY). discrete numeric Which of the following goods were sent/brought to your household in the past 12 months? Yes or No. Refridgerators. contin numeric Which of the following goods were sent/brought to your household in the past 12 months? QUANTITY. Refridgerators. contin numeric Which of the following goods were sent/brought to your household in the past 12 months? Value. Refridgerators. discrete numeric Which of the following goods were sent/brought to your household in the past 12 months? Yes or No. Deep freezers contin numeric Which of the following goods were sent/brought to your household in the past 12 months? QUANTITY. Deep freezers contin numeric Which of the following goods were sent/brought to your household in the past 12 months? Value. Deep freezers discrete numeric Which of the following goods were sent/brought to your household in the past 12 months? Yes or No. TV contin numeric Which of the following goods were sent/brought to your household in the past 12 months? QUANTITY. TV contin numeric Which of the following goods were sent/brought to your household in the past 12 months? Value. TV discrete numeric Which of the following goods were sent/brought to your household in the past 12 months? Yes or No. HiFi System contin numeric Which of the following goods were sent/brought to your household in the past 12 months? QUANTITY. HiFi System contin numeric Which of the following goods were sent/brought to your household in the past 12 months? Value. HiFi System discrete numeric Which of the following goods were sent/brought to your household in the past 12 months? Yes or No. Washing machine 16

17 ID Name Label Type Format Question V127 q5_25_5b Quantity of washing machine sent/brought by migrant to HH in past 12months V128 q5_25_5c Value of washing machine sent/brought by migrant to HH in past 12months V129 q5_25_6a Migrant sent/brought set of futniture to HH in past 12months V130 q5_25_6b Quantity of set of futniture sent/brought by migrant to HH in past 12months V131 q5_25_6c Value of set of futniture sent/brought by migrant to HH in past 12months V132 q5_25_7a Migrant sent/brought stove/cooker to HH in past 12months V133 q5_25_7b Quantity of stove/cooker sent/brought by migrant to HH in past 12months V134 q5_25_7c Value of stove/cooker sent/brought by migrant to HH in past 12months V135 q5_25_8a Migrant sent/brought microwave to HH in past 12months V136 q5_25_8b Quantity of microwave sent/brought by migrant to HH in past 12months V137 q5_25_8c Value of microwave sent/brought by migrant to HH in past 12months V138 q5_25_9a Migrant sent/brought air conditioners to HH in past 12months V139 q5_25_9b Quantity of air conditioners sent/brought by migrant to HH in past 12months V140 q5_25_9c Value of air conditioners sent/brought by migrant to HH in past 12months V141 q5_2510a Migrant sent/brought computer & acces. to HH in past 12months V142 q5_2510b Quantity of computer & acces. sent/brought by migrant to HH in past 12months V143 q5_2510c Value of computer & acces. sent/brought by migrant to HH in past 12months V144 q5_2511a Migrant sent/brought DVCD/DVD/video to HH in past 12months V145 q5_2511b Quantity of DVCD/DVD/video sent/brought by migrant to HH in past 12months contin numeric Which of the following goods were sent/brought to your household in the past 12 months? QUANTITY. Washing machine contin numeric Which of the following goods were sent/brought to your household in the past 12 months? Value. Washing machine discrete numeric Which of the following goods were sent/brought to your household in the past 12 months? Yes or No. Set of furniture contin numeric Which of the following goods were sent/brought to your household in the past 12 months? QUANTITY. Set of furniture contin numeric Which of the following goods were sent/brought to your household in the past 12 months? Value. Set of furniture discrete numeric Which of the following goods were sent/brought to your household in the past 12 months? Yes or No. Stove/cooker contin numeric Which of the following goods were sent/brought to your household in the past 12 months? QUANTITY. Stove/cooker contin numeric Which of the following goods were sent/brought to your household in the past 12 months? Value. Stove/cooker discrete numeric Which of the following goods were sent/brought to your household in the past 12 months? Yes or No. Microwave contin numeric Which of the following goods were sent/brought to your household in the past 12 months? QUANTITY. Microwave contin numeric Which of the following goods were sent/brought to your household in the past 12 months? Value. Microwave discrete numeric Which of the following goods were sent/brought to your household in the past 12 months? Yes or No. Air conditioners contin numeric Which of the following goods were sent/brought to your household in the past 12 months? QUANTITY. Air conditioners contin numeric Which of the following goods were sent/brought to your household in the past 12 months? Value. Air conditioners discrete numeric Which of the following goods were sent/brought to your household in the past 12 months? Yes or No. Computer and accessories contin numeric Which of the following goods were sent/brought to your household in the past 12 months? QUANTITY. Computer and accessories contin numeric Which of the following goods were sent/brought to your household in the past 12 months? Value. Computer and accessories discrete numeric Which of the following goods were sent/brought to your household in the past 12 months? Yes or No. DVCD/DVD/Video contin numeric Which of the following goods were sent/brought to your household in the past 12 months? QUANTITY. DVCD/DVD/Video 17

18 ID Name Label Type Format Question V146 q5_2511c Value of DVCD/DVD/video sent/brought by migrant to HH in past 12months V147 q5_2512a Migrant sent/brought motorbike to HH in past 12months V148 q5_2512b Quantity of motorbike sent/brought by migrant to HH in past 12months V149 q5_2512c Value of motorbike sent/brought by migrant to HH in past 12months V150 q5_2513a Migrant sent/brought cars to HH in past 12months V151 q5_2513b Quantity of cars sent/brought by migrant to HH in past 12months V152 q5_2513c Value of cars sent/brought by migrant to HH in past 12months V153 q5_2514a Migrant sent/brought buses to HH in past 12months V154 q5_2514b Quantity of buses sent/brought by migrant to HH in past 12months V155 q5_2514c Value of buses sent/brought by migrant to HH in past 12months V156 q5_2515a Migrant sent/brought trucks to HH in past 12months V157 q5_2515b Quantity of trucks sent/brought by migrant to HH in past 12months V158 q5_2515c Value of trucks sent/brought by migrant to HH in past 12months V159 q5_2516a Migrant sent/brought posh mill to HH in past 12months V160 q5_2516b Quantity of posh mill sent/brought by migrant to HH in past 12months V161 q5_2516c Value of posh mill sent/brought by migrant to HH in past 12months V162 q5_2517a Migrant sent/brought hair dressing equip to HH in past 12months V163 q5_2517b Quantity of hair dressing equip sent/brought by migrant to HH in past 12months V164 q5_2517c Value of hair dressing equipsent/brought by migrant to HH in past 12months contin numeric Which of the following goods were sent/brought to your household in the past 12 months? Value. DVCD/DVD/Video discrete numeric Which of the following goods were sent/brought to your household in the past 12 months? Yes or No. Motorbike contin numeric Which of the following goods were sent/brought to your household in the past 12 months? QUANTITY. Motorbike contin numeric Which of the following goods were sent/brought to your household in the past 12 months? Value. Motorbike discrete numeric Which of the following goods were sent/brought to your household in the past 12 months? Yes or No. Cars contin numeric Which of the following goods were sent/brought to your household in the past 12 months? QUANTITY. Cars contin numeric Which of the following goods were sent/brought to your household in the past 12 months? Value. Cars discrete numeric Which of the following goods were sent/brought to your household in the past 12 months? Yes or No. Buses contin numeric Which of the following goods were sent/brought to your household in the past 12 months? QUANTITY. Buses contin numeric Which of the following goods were sent/brought to your household in the past 12 months? Value. Buses discrete numeric Which of the following goods were sent/brought to your household in the past 12 months? Yes or No. Trucks contin numeric Which of the following goods were sent/brought to your household in the past 12 months? QUANTITY. Trucks contin numeric Which of the following goods were sent/brought to your household in the past 12 months? Value. Trucks discrete numeric Which of the following goods were sent/brought to your household in the past 12 months? Yes or No. posh mill contin numeric Which of the following goods were sent/brought to your household in the past 12 months? QUANTITY. posh mill contin numeric Which of the following goods were sent/brought to your household in the past 12 months? Value. posh mill discrete numeric Which of the following goods were sent/brought to your household in the past 12 months? Yes or No. Set of hair dressing equipment contin numeric Which of the following goods were sent/brought to your household in the past 12 months? QUANTITY. Set of hair dressing equipment contin numeric Which of the following goods were sent/brought to your household in the past 12 months? Value. Set of hair dressing equipment 18

19 ID Name Label Type Format Question V165 q5_2518a Migrant sent/brought sewing machine to HH in past 12months V166 q5_2518b Quantity of sewing machine sent/brought by migrant to HH in past 12months V167 q5_2518c Value of sewing machine sent/brought by migrant to HH in past 12months V168 q5_2519a Migrant sent/brought tractor to HH in past 12months V169 q5_2519b Quantity of tractor sent/brought by migrant to HH in past 12months V170 q5_2519c Value of tractor sent/brought by migrant to HH in past 12months V171 q5_2520a Migrant sent/brought other agri equip to HH in past 12months V172 q5_2520b Quantity of other agri equip sent/brought by migrant to HH in past 12months V173 q5_2520c Value of other agri equip sent/brought by migrant to HH in past 12months V174 q5_2521a Migrant sent/brought mobile phone to HH in past 12months V175 q5_2521b Quantity of mobile phone sent/brought by migrant to HH in past 12months V176 q5_2521c Value of mobile phone sent/brought by migrant to HH in past 12months V177 q5_2522a Migrant sent/brought other goods to HH in past 12months V178 q5_2522b Quantity of other goods sent/brought by migrant to HH in past 12months V179 q5_2522c Value of other goods sent/brought by migrant to HH in past 12months V180 q5_26 Bank account opening by HH after migrant's migration V181 q5_27 Business set up/store opened by HH after migrant's migration V182 q5_28 Dwelling built to rent / commerical uses by HH after migrant's migration V183 q5_31tsm Total amount of remitt. sent by HH to migrant in past 12months discrete numeric Which of the following goods were sent/brought to your household in the past 12 months? Yes or No. Sewing machine contin numeric Which of the following goods were sent/brought to your household in the past 12 months? QUANTITY. Sewing machine contin numeric Which of the following goods were sent/brought to your household in the past 12 months? Value. Sewing machine discrete numeric Which of the following goods were sent/brought to your household in the past 12 months? Yes or No. Tractor contin numeric Which of the following goods were sent/brought to your household in the past 12 months? QUANTITY. Tractor contin numeric Which of the following goods were sent/brought to your household in the past 12 months? Value. Tractor discrete numeric Which of the following goods were sent/brought to your household in the past 12 months? Yes or No. Other agriculture equipment contin numeric Which of the following goods were sent/brought to your household in the past 12 months? QUANTITY. Other agriculture equipment contin numeric Which of the following goods were sent/brought to your household in the past 12 months? Value. Other agriculture equipment discrete numeric Which of the following goods were sent/brought to your household in the past 12 months? Yes or No. Mobile phones contin numeric Which of the following goods were sent/brought to your household in the past 12 months? QUANTITY. Mobile phones contin numeric Which of the following goods were sent/brought to your household in the past 12 months? Value. Mobile phones discrete numeric Which of the following goods were sent/brought to your household in the past 12 months? Yes or No. Other (specify) contin numeric Which of the following goods were sent/brought to your household in the past 12 months? QUANTITY. Other (specify) contin numeric Which of the following goods were sent/brought to your household in the past 12 months? Value. Other (specify) discrete numeric Did any member of your household open a bank account after a migrant went to work outside the household? discrete numeric Did your household set up a business or open a store after a migrant went to work outside the household? discrete numeric Did your household build a dwelling to rent to others or for other commercial uses after a migrant went to work outside the household? contin numeric In the past 12 months, how much money in total have you sent to (NAME)? 19