Consolidated Appeals Process (CAP) The CAP is much more than an appeal for money. It is an inclusive and coordinated programme cycle of:

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3 UNICEF/Steve Sabella/oPt/2005

4 Consolidated Aeals Process (CAP) The CAP is much more than an aeal for money. It is an inclusive and coordinated rogramme cycle of: strategic lanning leading to a Common Humanitarian Action Plan (CHAP); resource mobilisation (leading to a Consolidated Aeal or a Flash Aeal); coordinated rogramme imlementation; joint monitoring and evaluation; revision, if necessary; and reorting on results. The CHAP is a strategic lan for humanitarian resonse in a given country or region and includes the following elements: a common analysis of the context in which humanitarian action takes lace; an assessment of needs; best, worst, and most likely scenarios; stakeholder analysis, i.e. who does what and where; a clear statement of longer-term objectives and goals; rioritised resonse lans; and a framework for monitoring the strategy and revising it if necessary. The CHAP is the foundation for develoing a Consolidated Aeal or, when crises break or natural disasters strike, a Flash Aeal. Under the leadershi of the Humanitarian Coordinator, the CHAP is develoed at the field level by the Inter-Agency Standing Committee (IASC) Country Team. This team mirrors the IASC structure at headquarters and includes UN agencies and standing invitees, i.e. the International Organization for Migration, the Red Cross and the Red Crescent Movement, and NOs that belong to ICVA, Interaction, or SCHR. Non-IASC members, such as national NOs, can be included, and other key stakeholders in humanitarian action, in articular host governments and donors, should be consulted. The Humanitarian Coordinator is resonsible for the annual rearation of the consolidated aeal document. The document is launched globally each November to enhance advocacy and resource mobilisation. An udate, known as the Mid-Year Review, is to be resented to donors in July onors rovide resources to aealing agencies directly in resonse to roject roosals. The Financial Tracking Service (FTS), managed by the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA), is a database of donor contributions and can be found on In sum, the CAP works to rovide eole in need the best available rotection and assistance, on time. ORANISATIONS PARTICIPATIN IN CONSOLIATE APPEALS URIN 2006: AARREC CESVI SL OCHA UNAIS AASAA CHFI HO OCPH UNP ABS CINS HI OA UNSS Abt Associates CIRI HISAN - WEPA OHCHR UNESCO ACF/ACH/AAH CISV Horn Relief PARACOM UNFPA ACTE CL INTERSOS PARC UN-HABITAT ARA CONCERN IOM PH UNHCR Africare COOPI IRC PMRS UNICEF AROSPHERE COR IR PRCS UNIFEM AHA CPAR IRIN PSI UNMAS ANERA CRS JVSF PU UNOC ARCI CUAMM MALAO RFEP UNRWA ARM CW MCI SAO UPHB AVSI CA MA SC-UK VETAI CAI RC MM SECAEV VIA CAM EMSF MENTOR SFC VT CARE ERM MERLIN SNNC WFP CARITAS EQUIP NA SOCAIO WHO CCF FAO NNA Solidarités WVI CCIJ AA (WH) NRC SP WR CEMIR Int l H OA STF ZOARC CENAP

5 TABLE OF CONTENTS Requirements, Commitments, Contributions, and Pledges er Sector and er Aealing Organisation... 2 Executive Summary Changes in the Context and the Humanitarian Consequences Reasons for the Humanitarian ecline Increased Israeli Security and Other Access Measures The Palestinian Authority Fiscal Crisis Rising Internal Insecurity The Immediate Humanitarian Imact of Israel s Intensified Policies and the PA Fiscal Crisis Vulnerable rous Coing with the Crisis at the Local Level Palestinian Authority Household Coing Mechanisms Private Sector The Most Likely Scenario for Review of the Common Humanitarian Action Plan Summary CAP 2006 Funding Analysis Humanitarian Resonse Strategy uiding Princiles and Criteria for Adjusting Humanitarian Actions Revised Strategic Priorities Revised Sector Resonse Plans Job Creation and Cash Assistance Food Security Agriculture Health Psychosocial Suort and Protection from Violence Water and Sanitation Education Coordination Services Revised Project Overview Breakdown by Aealing Agency Breakdown by Sector Sector Not Secified Aendix Acronyms and Abbreviations

6 REQUIREMENTS, COMMITMENTS, CONTRIBUTIONS, AN PLES PER SECTOR AN PER APPEALIN ORANISATION Consolidated Aeal for occuied Palestinian territory 2006 Requirements, Commitments/Contributions and Pledges er Sector as of 23 June 2006 htt:// Comiled by OCHA on the basis of information rovided by donors and aealing organisations SECTOR Value in US$ Original Requirements A Revised Requirements B Commitments, Contributions, Carryover C % Covered C/B Unmet Requirements B-C Uncommitted Pledges ARICULTURE 26,443,930 36,897, ,707 1% 36,419,561 COORINATION AN SUPPORT SERVICES 3,976,399 10,345,478 3,540,793 34% 6,804,685 ECONOMIC RECOVERY AN INFRASTRUCTURE 72,868, ,253,993 42,369,203 27% 111,884,790 EUCATION 4,070,000 8,285,510 1,428,052 17% 6,857,458 FOO 74,476,277 96,452,871 39,071,275 41% 57,381,596 HEALTH 11,671,139 53,764,082 1,618,231 3% 52,145,851 SECTOR NOT YET SPECIFIE - 28,958,640 0% (28,958,640) 2,343,819 WATER AN SANITATION 21,673,272 23,509,364 0% 23,509,364 RAN TOTAL 215,179, ,508, ,463,901 31% 266,044,665 2,343,819 Pledge: Commitment: Contribution: a non-binding announcement of an intended contribution or allocation by the donor. ("Uncommitted ledge" on these tables indicates the balance of original ledges not yet committed). creation of a legal, contractual obligation between the donor and reciient entity, secifying the amount to be contributed. the actual ayment of funds or transfer of in-kind goods from the donor to the reciient entity. The list of rojects and the figures for their funding requirements in this document are a snashot as of 23 June For continuously udated information on rojects, funding requirements, and contributions to date, visit the Financial Tracking Service ( 2

7 Consolidated Aeal for occuied Palestinian territory 2006 Requirements, Commitments/Contributions and Pledges er Aealing Organisation as of 23 June 2006 htt:// Comiled by OCHA on the basis of information rovided by onors and Aealing Organisations APPEALIN ORANISATION Original Requirements Revised Requirements Commitments, Contributions, Carryover % Covered Unmet Requirements Uncommitted Pledges Values in US$ A B C C/B B-C ACH 1,863,500 1,863,500 0% 1,863,500 ANERA 1,192,903 1,192,903 0% 1,192,903 CHFI 1,789,750 1,789,750 0% 1,789,750 CISP - 1,130,500 0% 1,130,500 CRIC - 803,738 0% 803,738 CRS 1,500,000 0% 1,500,000 FAO 440, , ,471 72% 121,529 FAO/UNP 18,488,000 31,500, ,236 1% 31,340,764 JUHOU - 837,600 0% 837,600 MAP - 122,472 0% 122,472 MM 1,215, ,230 0% 591,230 OCHA 2,866,100 3,500,000 2,226,973 64% 1,273,027 OXFAM UK - 4,983,295 0% 4,983,295 PARC 2,922,430 2,922,430 0% 2,922,430 PH 6,767,532 2,094,744 0% 2,094,744 PMRS 376, ,487 0% 227,487 PRCS 162,470 80,600 0% 80,600 UNP 26,635,740 39,460,800 3,370,000 9% 36,090,800 UNP/PAPP - 5,600,000 0% 5,600,000 UNEP - 1,000,000 0% 1,000,000 UNESCO 1,010,000 1,548,510 0% 1,548,510 UNFPA 1,777,000 5,133,600 43,000 1% 5,090,600 - UN-HABITAT 657,800 3,104,212 0% 3,104,212 UNICEF 8,420,454 22,650,185 4,999,250 22% 17,650,935 UNIFEM 376, , ,236 31% 351,004 UNRWA 95,032, ,034,377 85,766,732 48% 91,267,645 2,343,819 WFP 40,434,157 42,275,655 19,370,959 46% 22,904,696 WHO 1,901,746 28,109,938 1,050,044 4% 27,059,894 WV 850,000 1,500,800 0% 1,500,800 RAN TOTAL 215,179, ,508, ,463,901 31% 266,044,665 2,343,819 Pledge: Commitment: Contribution: a non-binding announcement of an intended contribution or allocation by the donor. ("Uncommitted ledge" on these tables indicates the balance of original ledges not yet committed). creation of a legal, contractual obligation between the donor and reciient entity, secifying the amount to be contributed. the actual ayment of funds or transfer of in-kind goods from the donor to the reciient entity. The list of rojects and the figures for their funding requirements in this document are a snashot as of 23 June For continuously udated information on rojects, funding requirements, and contributions to date, visit the Financial Tracking Service ( 3

8 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The humanitarian outlook for the occuied Palestinian territory (opt) looks extremely bleak and is redicted to worsen dramatically in the coming months. Faced with this situation, the United Nations and select non-governmental organisations have taken the unrecedented ste of revising their aeal for humanitarian assistance to Palestinians from U$ million to $384 million. This revised emergency Aeal is aimed at heling the neediest eole articularly children who make u half the Palestinian oulation. This Aeal does not relace the comrehensive range of services rovided by the Palestinian Authority (PA). Humanitarian assistance can lug some of the emerging gas to hel suort a continuation of services and can cushion a deeening humanitarian crisis, but it cannot revent it. At the end of May 2006, this emergency revision was in resonse to the PA fiscal crisis and its negative effect on the oulation. Following the Hamas victory in the Palestinian Legislative Council (PLC) elections in January, Israel halted the transfer of Palestinian Value Added Tax (VAT) and customs taxes it is obligated to ass over. These comrise around half the PA monthly budget. Western donor funding was also susended to the new PA ending its agreement to Quartet rinciles relating to non-violence, the recognition of Israel and an accetance of revious agreements. The banking sector, fearful of litigation, has frozen PA accounts. As a result, PA revenues have droed by 75% and salaries to over 152,000 PA emloyees have not been aid since March. These wages directly suort one million eole, or 25% of the oulation. Survey data indicates that after two months of going without salaries, PA emloyees have grown oorer more quickly than is the case in the general oulation. P is estimated to fall by 27% by the end of 2006 and overty redicted to rise sharly. Around 70% of aza s otential workforce is out of work or without ay. The lack of salaries and essential sulies will undermine the delivery of key services that served the bulk of the Palestinian oulation. The PA oerates 62% of rimary health clinics, 75% of schools and rovides relief services to 45,000 families unable to suort themselves. Israeli-Palestinian violence continues with a mounting death toll on both sides. Power struggles within and between security forces increase internal insecurity. A rise in criminality and lawlessness will further undermine rivate investment and could jeoardise aid delivery. The fiscal crisis comes hard on the heels of tighter restrictions on Palestinian movement that Israel states are needed to rotect its citizens against militant attacks which have further fragmented the opt, hamered economic growth and interruted UN humanitarian assistance delivery. Palestinians and their goods cannot move freely in the West Bank. Imorts into the aza Stri from Israel are erratic and exorts in the ast two months have droed to just six trucks daily. 2 In late 2005 when the UN s Aeal for 2006 was launched, the outlook aeared more ositive. To date, $117m of the $384m revised Aeal has been funded, or about 31% of the total requested. This revision builds on the original key elements. It is founded on a coordinated aroach by articiating organisations and Palestinian counterarts to ensure the successful targeting of the neediest Palestinians. Under the Fourth eneva Convention, Israel as the Occuying Power bears legal resonsibility for the welfare of the Palestinian oulation. The Quartet noted in May 2006 that the PA must fulfill its resonsibilities with resect to basic human needs and rovision of services. Over the ast decade, the PA has fulfilled this role with the hel of the international community. However, should the PA be unable to rovide basic services to the oulation, there could be a renewed emhasis on Israel s legal resonsibilities. The new funding sought will be used to relenish deleted medical sulies of PA institutions, increase food relief, create temorary jobs and rovide cash assistance to the most vulnerable segments of the oulation. It will alleviate some of the worst effects of the deeening humanitarian crisis, but a lasting solution lies in a fully functioning PA and the easing of movement restrictions on Palestinians. 1 All dollar figures in this document are United States dollars. Funding for this aeal should be reorted to the Financial Tracking Service (FTS, fts@reliefweb.int), which will dislay its requirements and funding on the CAP 2006 age. 2 Between 1 Aril 29 May 2006 according to Pal Trade. 4

9 CAP 2006 Financial Requirements and Sector Breakdown - June 2006 Focus on Additional Requirements er Sector Emergency Jobs / Cash Assistance (+ $ 81.4 million) Total CAP Revised Requirements $ 384 million + $ 169 million Health (+ $ 39.9 million) Food (+ $ 22.0 million) CAP Original Requirements $ 215 million CAP Funding Received $ 117 million (31%) Agriculture (+ $ 10.5 million) Coordination /Emergency Caacity (+ $ 6.4 million) Education (+ $ 4.2 Psycho-social suort (+ $ 2.3 million) Water (+ $ 1.8 million) 5

10 1. CHANS IN THE CONTEXT AN THE HUMANITARIAN CONSEQUENCES This revision to the Consolidated Aeal of 2006 is a consequence of the dramatic downturn in the humanitarian situation in the first half of 2006, and the exectation that this downturn is likely to be sustained for the remainder of the year. At the end of 2005 the rosects were more ubeat. Palestinian militants announced a eriod of calm in February. Israel had withdrawn settlers and military infrastructure from within the aza Stri and arts of the northern West Bank in Setember, and the aointment of James Wolfensohn as Quartet Envoy for isengagement had injected further economic imetus into the stagnating Palestinian economy. Although these initiatives had yet to bear fruit in terms of imrovements on the ground, the forecast aeared ositive and the 2006 Consolidated Aeal Process (CAP) was drafted with a more transitional and rehabilitative focus. The downturn in the humanitarian situation has been romted by the following key olitical, security and economic develoments: The victory of the Hamas arty in the Palestinian Legislative Council (PLC) elections held in January 2006 resulted in the forming of a new government; 3 An intensification of Israeli security and other access measures in the opt since late 2005 making life for Palestinians significantly more difficult. Israel has stated that these tightened restrictions are imlemented to rotect its citizens from Palestinian militant attacks; The overnment of Israel (oi) refusal to ass on to the Palestinian Authority (PA) Value Added Tax (VAT) and customs taxes worth roughly $60m er month, in contravention of the 1994 Paris Protocol; 4 The susension of suort to the PA by western donors, ending the PA s commitment to the rinciles of non-violence, recognition of Israel, and accetance of revious agreements and obligations, including the Roadma, which were laid down by the Quartet, consisting of the Euroean Union (EU), United Nations (UN), Russia and the United States, on 30 January. 5 A fiscal crisis in the PA ensued. This not only jeoardises access to essential services and PA salaries, but also undermines the investment of over $7 billion in aid to the PA since the Oslo Accords in 1993; A banking crisis ensued triggered by banks fear of litigation, effectively freezing PA accounts and resulting in a severe limitation of financial transactions involving both the PA and the rivate sector. The PA is oerating at roughly 25% of its regular budget; A rise in tensions between Fatah and Hamas, as well other factions, articularly following the deloyment of a Hamas-dominated 3000-strong armed force. The UN, concerned about the humanitarian risks osed by the worsening of the situation, released a reort in Aril outlining the otential imacts of the shift in Israel s and Western donors olicies towards the occuied Palestinian territories (opt), many of which are now being realised. 6 UN agencies have been evaluating additional humanitarian needs and have clearly stated that while it is ossible to uscale humanitarian oerations, neither they nor Non-overnmental Organisations (NOs) have the caacity or mandates to substitute for PA services. 3 On January , Palestinian legislative elections were held for the first time since The Hamas list, under the name Change and Reform, won 74 of the 132 seats in the PLC. The new legislative council met for the first time on 18 February and the new government took office on 28 March. 4 Transfers from Israel amount to aroximately $60 million er month and make u roughly 50% of PA revenues, while foreign aid and local revenues rovide the two main other sources. 5 On that date, the Quartet indicated that it was inevitable that future assistance to any new [Palestinian] government would be reviewed by donors against that government s commitment to these rinciles. Certain rogrammes under the jurisdiction of the Presidency, however, continued to receive funding from these sources. 6 UN, Assessment of the future humanitarian risks in the occuied Palestinian territory, 11 Aril

11 UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs West Bank Closure and Access CAP Revised Emergency Aeal May 2006 Closures Ç Checkoint Ç Partial Checkoint ") Road Protection Fence Palestinian Areas MEITERRANEAN SEA aza Stri EYPT THE WEST BANK BARRIER: A comlex series of concrete walls, electronic fences, observation towers, trenches, atrol roads and razor wire, used to control Palestinian edestrian and vehicular CLOSURE: Road ate Earthmound Roadblock èèèèèèèèèè Earth Wall Trench Builtu ISRAEL West Bank JORAN A olicy of hysical barriers and ermit requirements used to control Palestinian edestrian and vehicular movement. Barrier route extracted from satellite imagery and verified with field observations - as of 15 May Planned Barrier route based on Israeli overnment ma (Ministry of efence/seam Zone Authority), 30 Aril S e a e a d West Bank Barrier Constructed Roads Under Construction Planned Route Prohibited or Restricted Palestinian vehicle use Regional or Main Other Road Israeli Settlements Settlement Evacuated Settlement Outost Settlement Municial Area Qalqiliya The designations emloyed and the resentation of material on this ma do not imly the exression of any oinion whatsoever on the art of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. èèèè è " ) Tubas Tulkarm Ç Ç Ç " )" ) Ç Ç " ) " Nablus ) Ç Ç Ç Ç Ç " " " " " ) ) ) ) ) " Ç Ç ") Ç Salfit ") ") Ç Ç ") ") ") Ç Ç Ç ") ") èèèèè èèè è èèèèèèèè è èè èèè " ) " " " ) ) ) ") "" )) Ç Ramallah ") "" )) Ç Ç Ç Ç Ç Ç Ç ") Jerusalem Ç ") ") " Ç Ç ) Ç Ç Ç Ç Bethlehem " Ç " ) Ç ) Ç Ç " ") ) Ç Ç ") ") Hebron " ) " ) Ç " ") ") Ç " ) ") Ç Ç Ç Ç Ç E Ç Ç Ç Jenin Ç èè Ç Ç Kilometers United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs Cartograhy: OCHA - opt - May Base data: PA MoP, July 2000, OCHA udate 2006 For comments contact <ochaot@un.org> or Tel (02) htt:// Ç Ç èèèèè Ç )" Ç Ç Jericho )" Ç

12 UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs Territorial fragmentation of the West Bank CAP Revised Emergency Aeal May 2006 LEN TRISECTION BOUNARIES Jenin ENCLAVE BOUNARIES CONSTRUCTE AN PLANNE BARRIER 1949 ARMISTICE LINE (reen Line) Tulkarm Tubas MEITERRANEAN SEA Qalqiliya Nablus aza Stri West Bank S e a e a d Salfit ISRAEL Ramallah Jericho EYPT JORAN Jerusalem TERRITORIAL FRAMENTATION A combination of checkoints, hysical obstacles and a ermit system has effectively cut the West Bank into three distinct areas in addition to East Jerusalem. Within these areas further enclaves have been created also bordered by checkoints and roadblocks that has led to one Palestinian community being isolated from its neighbour. Hebron Bethlehem The Jordan Valley is ractically cut off to Palestinians from the rest of the West Bank. And, over the ast year, rogressively fewer Palestinians have been able to obtain ermits to visit closed areas land to the west of the West Bank Barrier. Kilometers The designations emloyed and the resentation of material on this ma do not imly the exression of any oinion whatsoever on the art of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs Cartograhy: OCHA - opt - May Base data: PA MoP, July 2000, OCHA udate 2006 For comments contact <ochaot@un.org> or Tel (02) htt://

13 1.1 REASONS FOR THE HUMANITARIAN ECLINE Increased Israeli Security and Other Access Measures Internal and external closures Restrictions on Palestinian internal movement have increased. In the West Bank, the numbers of roadblocks and checkoints have increased from a low of 376 immediately rior to Israeli disengagement in Setember last year to 515 in mid-may The Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) observed as early as August last year that inter-regional movement was increasingly difficult for the vast majority of the West Bank oulation (Figure 1) as a combination of checkoints, hysical obstacles and a ermit system had effectively trisected the West Bank, leading to an increase in transortation costs. In 2006, OCHA has reorted that movement within regions has been further restricted with the creation of enclaves that has lead to the isolation of Palestinian communities. 8 Figure 1: Reasons for difficulties in accessing worklace for West Bank residents Inability to obtain ermit to move within the West Bank 58% Inability to obtain ermits to travel to Israel and East Jerusalem 66% High transortation costs 46% Physical obstacles within the West Bank 78% Physical obstacles reventing access to Israel and East Jerusalem 64% Increased travel time 46% Source: IUE Poll 10 (unublished data, May 2006) Access to basic services and markets is curtailed as a result of Israel s increased security and access restrictions. A oll conducted by the Institut universitaire d études du déveloement ( IUE ) of the 9 University of eneva in Aril/May this year just two months after PA salaries stoed found that almost one-third of resondents (31.4%) who did not access health services stated that this was due to closures and the West Bank Barrier. Israel continues to searate itself from the West Bank and aza Stri. This includes the severe limiting of access and ermits for Palestinians to work in Israel that, rior to the intifada, was a major source of 10 income to Palestinians (Figure 2). Figure 2: Erez crossing Average daily labour movement Jun 05 Jul 05 Aug 05 Se 05 Oct 05 Nov 05 ec 05 Jan 06 Feb 06 Mar 06 Ar 06 May Workers to Israel 3,588 1, ,200 1, ,698 1, Traders to Israel Source: Palestinian National Security Forces Karni crossing the rincial oint for goods entering and the only oints for goods exiting the aza Stri - has been subject to frequent closure throughout the first four months of Israel cites security concerns for the closure of the crossing, which has led to Karni being closed for 44% of the year or a total 12 of 59 days, as of 30 May. The soradic oening of Karni throughout much of 2006, during March in articular, led to essential food commodities, including wheat flour, fruits and dairy roducts, being unavailable or in short suly. Even when Karni has been oen, successive closures have meant that imorts have been meeting daily requirements only and stockiles remain deleted. The aza exort market has been devastated because of Karni s closure. The average daily number of 13 truckloads of goods through Karni crossing was just six truckloads a day in the last two months. The Palestine Economic eveloment Comany (PEC), for examle, that was established to use the former settlement greenhouses, has exorted less than 20% of its roduce since 1 January 2006 and estimates 7 UN, Thirteenth reort on the Imlementation of the Agreement on Movement and Access, 23 May OCHA, Territorial Fragmentation of the West Bank, May Since 2001, UN agencies in the opt have funded the IUE to conduct a oll on Palestinian ercetions of their living conditions. This data can be used to analyse changes in the situation over time and is one of the few sources of currently available information on the situation in External closure on the opt had been imosed between 16 ecember 2005 and mid-january A comrehensive external closure of the opt was instituted on 12 March, originally coinciding with the Jewish holiday of Purim. The closure for all workers and traders with valid ermits to enter Israel remained in lace in the West Bank until 8 May and is still enforced in the aza Stri 11 As of 26 May This does not include artial closure days, such as days with limited oening hours and/or days in which the crossing was only oen in one direction i.e. only for imorted goods. 13 Between 1 Aril 29 May 2006 according to PalTrade. 9

14 its losses to be more than $9 million. The Palestine Trade Centre (PalTrade) has estimated daily Palestinian exort losses at $600,000. The frequent closure of Karni is desite the 15 November Agreement on Movement and Access (AMA) which set a daily goal of 150 truckloads of exorted goods by The West Bank Barrier The construction of the Barrier in the West Bank has rogressed raidly. 14 On 30 Aril 2006, the Israeli Cabinet aroved a revised route of the Barrier that it has stated is designed to revent militant attacks on Israeli civilians. 15 Once comleted, the total length of the new Barrier will be 703 kilometres (km) comared with 670km of the revious route, of which 362km have been comleted. 16 This route includes the sections around the Ma ale Adumim settlement and the Ar iel and Emmanuel fingers. Just 20% of the Barrier s route runs along the reen Line (1949 Armistice Line) the remainder lies inside the West Bank, u to 22km at the oint around Ar iel settlement bloc. Contrary to the oi s statements that the Barrier will not result in changes in land ownershi or access to land divided by the Barrier, Palestinian movement through the Barrier has become more restricted, with new controls on eligibility for alications to access land in the closed areas between the reen Line and the Barrier and the unreliable oeration of the Barrier gates. 17 The viability of livelihoods based in the area between the reen Line and the Barrier is increasingly in question. According to the latest IUE oll, 5% of the West Bank oulation has been forced to move due to the imact of the Barrier. In 2006, the Israeli efence Force (IF) has continued to requisition land for new and exanded IF infrastructure such as checkoints and road barriers and for fences and buffer zones around Israeli settlements. 18 The latest oll conducted by the IUE found that one in four West Bank Palestinians are searated from their relatives by the Barrier (Figure 3). Figure 3: Imact of the Barrier on Palestinian livelihoods 40% % % 10% 0% Searation from Searation from Prevention of job Cutting land from ifficulty accessing ifficulty marketing ifficulty farming Increased the rice ifficulty obtaining relatives land access water basic services agricultural of inuts and some food items roduce trans ort Source: IUE Poll 10 (unublished data, May 2006) 14 The Barrier consists of a combination of ditches, trenches, road barriers, razor wire, electronic fences and concrete walls. The Head of the Knesset Economics Committee estimated that the Barrier will cost $3.4 billion. For further analysis of the humanitarian imlications of the revised Barrier route, see OCHA Preliminary Analysis of the Humanitarian Imlication of Aril 2006 Barrier Projections, (June 2006, forthcoming). 15 The route of the Barrier was articularly changed in Qalqiliya and Salfit governorates resulting in creation of two fingers around the Ar iel bloc in the northern West Bank. By creating two fingers instead of one, the new Barrier route forms three territorially continuous areas between settlements dee inside the West Bank and Israel. The new route creates one new enclave with a Palestinian oulation of over 11,500. In addition, an area of West Bank land, home to 36,300 Palestinians, is now located between the two settlement fingers and with limited access in and out of the area. 16 As of 30 Aril 2006, 362km (51%) of the Barrier has been comleted, and 38 km (13%) is under construction. 17 OCHA, Humanitarian imact of the West Bank Barrier Udate No. 6 Crossing the Barrier Palestinian Access to Agricultural Land (January 2006). 18 ata obtained from Israeli military requisition orders reorted in the OCHA Weekly Briefing Notes. 10

15 UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs West Bank Barrier CAP Revised Emergency Aeal May 2006 LEN COMPLETE KM UNER CONSTRUCTION - 88 KM PLANNE KM* TOTAL BARRIER LENTH: 703 KM Jenin ROA PROTECTION - 25 KM* *Included in lanned Barrier length AREA LOCATE BETWEEN THE BARRIER AN THE REEN LINE Tulkarm Tubas MEITERRANEAN SEA Qalqiliya Nablus aza Stri West Bank S e a e a d Salfit ISRAEL Ramallah Jericho EYPT JORAN Jerusalem BARRIER ROUTE The Barrier s total length is 703 km, aroximately twice the length of the 1949 West Bank Armistice Line (reen Line) adjacent to Israel. 20% of the Barrier s length runs along the reen Line Bethlehem BARRIER AREA AREA AFFECTE 10.1% of the West Bank and East Jerusalem Hebron 142,130 acres or 57,518 hectares Barrier route extracted from satellite imagery and verified with field observations - as of 15 May Planned Barrier route based on Israeli overnment ma (Ministry of efence/seam Zone Authority), 30 Aril The designations emloyed and the resentation of material on this ma do not imly the exression of any oinion whatsoever on the art of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Kilometers United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs Cartograhy: OCHA - opt - May Base data: PA MoP, July 2000, OCHA udate 2006 For comments contact <ochaot@un.org> or Tel (02) htt://

16 A Rising Threat to Lives and Proerty Casualties The hysical rotection of civilians and their roerty continued to deteriorate in In the first five months of 2006, 117 Palestinians were killed, including 21 children and four women, and 844 injured by Israeli forces and settlers. 19 This is comared to 223 Palestinian deaths and 1,339 injuries during 2005 (Figure 4). The number of Israeli deaths and injuries in 2006 has also increased comared to Three suicide bombings 20 in 2006 have killed 14 Israelis and internationals and injured 88 others. In the aza Stri, 53 Palestinian deaths and 130 injuries were the result of IF artillery shelling and missile strikes, 21 articularly in the northern areas, which have often killed innocent civilians, including women and children. Between 28 March and 24 May, 259 homemade rockets were fired at targets inside Israel from the aza Stri. The IF has resonded with over 6,193 artillery shells and 45 air strikes, mostly targeting the northern aza Stri. In the West Bank, Palestinians have been killed and injured, in articular in IF search and arrest oerations against Palestinian militants in the northern West Bank. Figure 4: Palestinian and Israeli casualties in 2005 and Palestini an deaths Israel i deaths Average 2005 Jan-06 Feb-06 Mar-06 Ar-06 May Palestinain inur j ies Israeli injuri es Average 2005 Jan-06 Feb-06 Mar-06 Ar-06 May-06 Source: OCHA Weekly Briefing Notes Infrastructure and Proerty Palestinian homes, buildings and other structures continue to be demolished and damaged by IF and Israeli authorities in 2006, articularly in the aza Stri. Increased IF artillery shelling and Islamic Action Front (IAF) missile strikes have demolished and artially damaged at least 18 structures in the aza Stri, articularly in the northern areas. 22 Infrastructure has also been destroyed and damaged including roads, bridges, a recreational stadium and the PA security comound in aza city. Citing the lack of roer building ermits, the Israeli authorities in the West Bank have continued to enforce the January 23 May On 19 January, an attack in Tel Aviv injured 28 eole; on 17 Aril an attack in Tel Aviv killed seven Israelis and four internationals and injured 60 others; on 30 March an attack in a northern West Bank settlement killed four Israelis. 21 Israeli artillery shells killed eight Palestinians and injured 71 others and missile strikes killed 45 Palestinians and injured 59. Eight Israelis have been injured by homemade rockets fired from inside the aza Stri during 2006 including two IF soldiers. 22 In ecember 2005, the IF declared large areas of the northern aza Stri a no-go area or an enlarged buffer zone and movement in and out of this area is restricted to residents and international organisations. The IF has also imosed a security area ranging from 150 to 500m wide in the aza Stri s northern and eastern borders. 12

17 olicy of demolitions of Palestinian structures, demolishing 97 structures and leaving at least 127 eole homeless. Humanitarian Access Humanitarian access, including access for ambulances and aid workers, worsened in 2006 throughout the opt. In the first four months of 2006, Palestinian Red Crescent Society (PRCS) reorted 57 access incidents at IF fixed and temorary checkoints in the West Bank, including ten denials of access, 23 mostly occurring in the northern West Bank. Figure 5: Humanitarian access (Setember 2005 Aril 2006) 100 ambulance access incidents humanitarian organisati ons access incidents Se-05 Oct-05 Nov-05 ec-05 Jan-06 Feb-06 Mar-06 Ar-06 Source: PRCS, UNRWA monthly reorts and ACIS forms. This year has also seen the deterioration in access for humanitarian organisations including the UN. In the West Bank, humanitarian organisations filed 289 access reorts in the first four months of Increasingly, UN staff in the West Bank are being asked to adhere to different checking rocedures, in articular entering Jerusalem, desite revious agreements with the Israeli authorities. Palestinian staff of UN agencies are increasingly being requested to be searated from international staff and undergo searate searches and assage rocedures, contrary to UN olicies. In addition, during eriods of closure, the movement of Palestinian staff is further restricted. UN ersonnel have also exerienced increasing movement restrictions into the aza Stri caused by changes in oi oerating rocedures. Since early 2006, national ersonnel have been required to move on foot through Erez crossing into the aza Stri, and in May a new search rocedure was instituted for blue UN Laissez Passer (UNLP) holders leaving in vehicles. Both of these measures are contrary to UN olicy and, as a result, national staff have not been able to leave the aza Stri for the last four months and international staff have faced increased difficulties in crossing. The frequent closure of Karni crossing in 2006 has hamered UN agencies oerations in the aza Stri. UN Agencies are finding it difficult to transort their relief sulies through the crossing oint. In addition, restrictions on the transit of commercial goods into the aza Stri are hamering the imlementation of UN rogrammes, reliant on urchasing imorted goods, such as the United Nations eveloment Programme s (UNP) labour intensive infrastructure rogrammes. The situation in the aza Stri became dire in March with, for examle, both the United Nations Relief and Works Agency (UNRWA) and the World Food Programme (WFP) reorting roblems delivering food aid and wheat flour sulies. 24 In Aril, the United Nations Children s Fund (UNICEF) was unable to deliver humanitarian sulies to the aza Stri including equiment for the Ministry of Education (MoE) and vaccine equiment such as refrigerators and other medical sulies to the Ministry of Health (MoH). 23 This figure includes only delays in ambulance access of more than 30 minutes following the commitment given by the oi to Ms. Caroline Bertini in OCHA is tasked with monitoring these Bertini Commitments, see OCHA Humanitarian Udates for monthly monitoring of the imlementation by the oi of the Bertini Commitments. Since Setember 2005, the number of access incidents reorted by the PRCS has steadily increased. 24 ifficulties in rocessing goods through Karni have led WFP to imort some of its wheat sulies through Kerem Shalom and Sufa crossing. A related roblem is that UN Agencies are not able to get emty containers out of the aza Stri and are incurring demurrage charges. 13

18 The Palestinian Authority Fiscal Crisis PA VAT and customs transfers and donor ayments make u about 75% of the PA budget. The loss of these two income sources, together with banks refusal to transfer funds to the PA, have seriously undermined the functioning of the PA institutions, with severe humanitarian consequences Rising Internal Insecurity Within the opt, the non-ayment of 70,000 armed PA security ersonnel has led to a highly volatile situation and a rise in factionalism, illustrated by the deloyment in May of a 3,000-strong armed force (the Executive Suort Force ) in the aza Stri, created by the Minister of the Interior but declared illegal by the President. Since the ublication of the CAP 2006, lawlessness and internal strife have intensified in the aza Stri. Since January 2006, there have been 85 family or factional feuding incidents, killing 35 adults and one child and injuring 169 adults and 24 children. There have also been 64 attacks against ublic institutions in the aza Stri which left 100 eole injured, six of them children. 25 The escalation of internal violence is, at least in art, the result of the non-ayment of security staff salaries. 26 It is estimated that twice as many security forces are emloyed in the aza Stri as the West Bank THE IMMEIATE HUMANITARIAN IMPACT OF ISRAEL S INTENSIFIE POLICIES AN THE PA FISCAL CRISIS A Shar Rise in Unemloyment and Increased Poverty Increased Israeli security and other access measure 70% of the oulation is living in overty, rising from 68% in 2005 and aroximately 30% before the intifada. 28 Poverty is exected to further increase this year. Currently, unemloyment stands at 31% but is exected by the World Bank to almost double by the end of Between the 4 th quarter of 2005 and the 1 st quarter of 2006, the unemloyment rate increased by six ercentage oints to 40% in the aza Stri. 30 Many PA civil servants in schools, hositals and ministries, are still emloyed and go to work desite not receiving wages for thee months. More than 152,000 eole are emloyed by the PA 31 but it is likely that many will sto working if salaries continue to go unaid, leading to a rise in unemloyment. Poverty amongst PA emloyees has risen noticeably from 37% in 2005 to 46% in Although overty among PA emloyees is lower than average across the Palestinian oulation, the increase in overty is much sharer than the general oulation and oints to a worsening trend. 25 ata comiled by OCHA from sources including UNRWA and the Al Mezan Centre for Human Rights. 26 For examle, on 20 March, armed men, mainly belonging to al-aqsa Martyrs Brigades, briefly stormed a military hosital in southern aza and a ower lant and the Ministry of Finance in aza city, demanding unaid wages and jobs OCHA calculations based on PCBS and security force data. IUE overty figures are used here because the Institute rovides the only overty data on the opt for 2006 that allows the comarison with revious years. The overty line in 2006 stands at $2.7 er erson er day, with hardshi cases living on $1.35 er erson er day or less. PCBS has ublished overty data for 2004 (PCBS, Poverty in Palestine, 2005) but lans to ublish data for 2005 in June this year. The re-intifada (1999) overty data is from PCBS and is roughly comarable to the IUE overty figures because both sources use income based overty definitions. Imortantly, the PCBS and IUE use the same overty line. 29 Unemloyment data is rovided by PCBS (Q1 2006), according to the relaxed definition, which includes those workers who have given u looking for work. Arguably, it is imortant to include the discouraged workers in the context of the opt because of the dearth of job oortunities available locally. The World Bank redicts that unemloyment (according to the ILO definition which excludes discouraged workers) will rise to 40% in 2006 and 47% in 2008, from 24% in 2005 (Economic Udate and Potential Outlook, 15 March, 2006) PCBS LFS, according to the relaxed definition. PA salaries are relied uon to a greater extent in the aza Stri, where 37% of emloyment is in the PA, and they constitute an imortant emloyment source for women (one third of PA emloyees are women while women make u 14% of the total labour force). 14

19 Figure 6: Poverty rates in the opt ( ) hardshi cases below overty line 39 Rate Nov-01 Nov-02 Jul-03 Feb-04 Nov-04 Jul-05 May-06 Source: IUE Polls 3-10 As of today, initial findings from UN monitoring of the imact of the PA fiscal crisis reveal that the nonayment of salaries makes it difficult for PA emloyees to afford transortation to get to work. 32 Furthermore, the UN has observed that some women emloyees are no longer able to afford childcare, increasing the likelihood that they will sto working. Schools, hositals and clinics are facing roblems recruiting new staff because of salary non-ayment. Some universities, according to UN monitoring, have reorted a fall in student attendance this term because of growing levels of overty, leaving the institutions increasingly unable to meet running costs. With one-quarter of the Palestinian oulation relying on the PA salaries of the breadwinner, the nonayment of wages is already having a negative imact. The household deendency ratio jumed at the beginning of A azan household has come to suort, on average, one additional erson in the last three months, further stretching scarce household resources. 33 At the same time, the cost of living has increased by 3.2% in the last quarter. 34 The loss of salaries reverberates in the local economy and society, which is starved of cash. The latest IUE oll revealed that the feeling of security has fallen throughout the opt but most markedly in East Jerusalem. 35 The main reason for falling levels of security, identified by 45% of resondents (a dramatic rise from 25% in 2005), is the lack of socio-economic imrovement. Throughout the opt, oor socioeconomic conditions are identified as the number one reason for insecurity over and above the Israeli military occuation. This is because, in relative terms, the economic squeeze felt by households due to the steady searation of Israel from the opt and the PA fiscal crisis has become more rominent. 36 Local banks are alying new restrictions on loans due to the reduced caacity of borrowers to reay. Private sector services have become unaffordable to many. 37 Patients, for examle, are relying more on alreadystretched PA and UNRWA basic services. UNRWA has reorted a six-fold increase in alicants for its West Bank job creation rogramme. According to a recent oll by the IUE, the number of eole who cannot rely on income to obtain food has increased from 14% to 17% since last July. Food insecurity 38 is redicted to increase by 14% to 51% by June 2006 due to a combination of factors including the PA fiscal crisis, extended closures, market 32 The first monthly UN Humanitarian Monitor reort for May will be available in mid-june. 33 PCBS, Labour Force Survey, Aril Between Q and Q1 2006, the deendency ratio by 0.5 and 0.9 of a ercentage oint in the West Bank and aza Stri resectively. 34 PCBS, Consumer Price Index, Q In the West Bank, 39% of resondents felt secure (a dro from 50% in 2005), in Jerusalem governorate, 44% felt secure (down from 65% in 2005) and in the aza Stri, 50% felt secure (a fall from 56% in 2005). 36 In 2005, the military occuation was the rincile reason for insecurity throughout the opt, mentioned by 52% of resondents. In 2006, 11% of resondents stated that it was a reason for their insecurity. The shift in the reason for insecurity from being military occuation to lack of socio-economic imrovement is most evident in the aza Stri. 37 Some western donors see the rivate sector as an alternative funding channel to create new services and rovide new jobs. This aroach may be misguided (OCHA, Humanitarian Udate, Aril 2006). 38 Food security exists when all eole at all times have hysical and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food to meet their dietary needs and satisfy their food references and thus conduct a healthy and active life. (World Food Summit 1996) 15

20 disrution, the exhaustion of coing strategies and the avian flu outbreak. 39 WFP field staff reort a dramatic increase in ressure at the distribution oint from eole wanting food. Half of resondents to the IUE oll who received assistance stated that the role of assistance in the household budget had increased in the ast six months Vulnerable rous Certain household tyes emerge as articularly vulnerable in the deteriorating humanitarian climate due to low incomes and insecure work. These households are vulnerable because they are less likely to ossess the resources to seek out alternative rivate services no longer rovided by the PA and consequently face higher food insecurity levels. Households whose breadwinner is a worker in Israel and lost his income as a result Prior to this closure aroximately 7,218 workers and 7,671 traders from the West Bank had valid ermits to enter Israel and 4,979 workers and 510 traders in the aza Stri. Prior to the intifada, 150,000 Palestinian workers were emloyed in Israel. These households are threatened by the otential loss of livelihoods. Households suorted by a PA emloyee Aroximately 25% of the Palestinian oulation deends on a breadwinner s PA salary (including 37% of all emloyed ersons in the aza Stri and 14% of all emloyed in the West Bank). These salaries are now under threat. Particularly vulnerable are those with low incomes and low skill levels, such as municial cleaners, guards and security ersonnel. Households with members who are social hardshis cases These include households with members engaged in Ministry of Social Affairs (MoSA) emergency job creation rogrammes and 45,000 who receive relief assistance from MoSA. These reciients risk losing a vital source of income. Social hardshi case households may also include members affected by chronic diseases. Their access to long-term treatments, including the treatment of cancer, relies on MoH services, which are jeoardised in the coming months. Households with high deendency ratios are also more vulnerable because they have heightened nutrition needs and oor income sources. Households with breadwinner deendent on etty trade and agriculture These households are exected to suffer because of the liquidity crisis in the local economy and intensified Israeli closures. The vulnerable farming households include: i) farmers exorting goods from the aza Stri and aroximately 65,000 family farmers who cannot rocure agricultural inuts; ii) farmers in areas of high horticultural otential such as Tulkarm, Qalqilya and the Jordan Valley, including those who cannot afford agricultural inuts and, iii) farmers exeriencing the drought in Hebron. 40 Against this background, certain grous of women, young eole and children face secific vulnerabilities when seeking work and accessing services. Women The loss of the (often male) breadwinner s income has meant that women frequently seek out alternative income-generating oortunities. However, they often lack work skills and exerience and may be marginalised from access to resources and services. In addition, regnant women and lactating mothers are articularly vulnerable to food insecurity. Pregnant women with comlicated regnancies are also at risk of not receiving the medical care that they need. Young eole (18-24 years) Young eole are more affected by rising unemloyment with about 40% of youths aged years are without jobs in the opt. Particularly vulnerable are those without a university degree. Children The number of children arrested or detained in Israel has increased from 319 in January to 371 in Aril Children from Ramallah and Nablus make u almost half the detained children. Children are exected to be at risk of school droout due to ressure to earn an income. Children sychologically 39 FAO/WFP Food Security Udate. For more details on the avian flu outbreak and humanitarian resonse, refer to the opt Interagency framework for Avian Flu and Pandemic Resonse (May 2006). This revised aeal does not include the resonse ackage to the needs generated by the Avian Flu outbreak, develoed searately by WHO, FAO, UNICEF, UNP, WFP and UNFPA. 40 Officials in Hebron s Ministry of Agriculture in March 2006 estimated that 80% of Hebron governorate is drought-stricken. On average, eastern and south-eastern arts of Hebron governorate have received 63% annual average rainfall in the hydrological season. 16

21 UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs Poverty and Emloyment in the occuied Palestinian territory CAP Revised Emergency Aeal May 2006 Poverty Hardshi Cases Aril 2006 (less than U$ 1.35/day/n) 24 % % % % North West Bank 32 % Emloyment North West Bank 73 % May 2006 Central West Bank 24 % Israel and the settlements 9% aza Stri 54 % South West Bank 36 % P.A. 22% Palestinian rivate sector 68% Palestinians under the Poverty line (less than U$ 2.70/day/n) 49 % % % % Central West Bank 49 % Israel and the settlements 15% Emloyment P.A. 25% Palestinian rivate sector 56% Emloyment aza Stri 79 % Emloyment South West Bank 75 % Israel and the settlements 8% aza Stri West Bank P.A. 43% Palestinian rivate sector 51% Israel 0% P.A. 29% Palestinian rivate sector 56% Israel Kilometers The designations emloyed and the resentation of material on this ma do not imly the exression of any oinion whatsoever on the art of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs Cartograhy: OCHA-oPt - May Base data: IUE Poll 10, 2006, PA MoP, July 2000, OCHA udate 2006 For comments contact <ochaot@un.org> or Tel (02) htt://

22 harmed by the violence will be increasingly unlikely to receive the mental health services they need. Children under the age of five years are articularly vulnerable to food insecurity. Children with illnesses that receive MoH care will be vulnerable. 1.3 COPIN WITH THE CRISIS AT THE LOCAL LEVEL Palestinian Authority The PA rovides core services used by the bulk of the oulation, including 75% of schools and 62% of rimary health clinics. UN field reorts oint to the onset of the crumbling of health, education and welfare systems and threats to ublic health emanating from the breakdown of utilities, such as water wells, storage and distribution networks, solid waste disosal and sewage services. 41 The PA s rovision of relief services to families that are chronically unable to suort themselves has come to a halt. Job creation rojects oerated by the MoSA have stoed for the ast three months, with the result that the oorest sections of the oulation are derived of income. Monthly cash subsidies rovided by MoSA have not been received by social hardshi cases since February (aroximately 45,000 Palestinians families are suosed to receive monthly cash subsidies from MoSA). UN monitoring reveals that shortages in food are reorted in PA institutions such as risons and hositals due to funding shortfalls. For the same reason, shortages in fuel and cooking gas, including that sulies to hositals and MoH vehicles, have been reorted. In Hebron, MoH workers were unable to visit 74 rimary health care centres in May because etrol stations stoed roviding MoH vehicles with fuel. Hositals are facing shortages of drugs 42, including those treating chronic diseases, anaesthetics, intravenous infusions and other medical sulies. It is reorted that 77 essential drugs are already out of stock or will be within the next six months. Consequently, some hositals are economising by reducing the number of oerations erformed to the most urgent cases. Fewer atient referrals to Egyt and Israel have been made by one azan hosital due to the high cost incurred by the hosital Household Coing Mechanisms With the severe weakening of the PA, alternative coing mechanisms are being emloyed. For examle, some doctors are working in clinics closer to home to reduce transort costs. In the aza Stri, two health care workers shifts are being folded into one to cut the number of journeys made by staff to reduce transort costs. Households reort increasing reliance on negative coing strategies such as reducing exenditures, not aying bills and using savings (Figure 7). Households in dee overty reduce exenditures more than households of other socio-economic grous 85% of households in dee overty reduce exenditures as a coing strategy, comared to 55% of households above the overty line. PA emloyees reliance on coing mechanisms has increased to a greater extent than in the oulation generally articularly the non-ayment of bills and reducing exenditures. 41 For examle, the Palestinian Water Authority and municialities monitoring system will be undermined due to fiscal constraints. In addition, the Joint Water Committee involving Palestinian and Israeli officials has stoed meeting and as a result more water rojects are ut on hold, further weakening the Palestinian oulation s ability to access safe water in accetable quantities. 42 It is reorted that 77 essential drugs are already out of stock or will be within the next six months. 18

23 Figure 7: Reliance on coing mechanisms in the opt Overall PA emloyees Overall PA emloyees oulation oulation Reducing exenses 61% 52% 72% 69% Not aying bills 44% 33% 55% 60% Buying on credit 55% 50% 55% 60% Using ast savings 38% 34% 53% 51% Source: IUE Polls 9 and 10 (unublished data, July 2005 and May 2006) However, the ability of these mechanisms to buffer the worst effects of the crisis should not be overestimated. According to the recent IUE oll, 20% of resondents stated that these coing strategies had already been exhausted and a further 33% stated that they would soon be exhausted. The same oll found that since 2005, eole s ability to kee u financially has diminished. Many of those who said that they could kee u financially as long as it takes, are now saying that they can kee u for a few months only. Likewise, many of those who were barely managing in 2005 are now in a serious condition and do not know how to coe, a dro most evident in the aza Stri. Figure 8: istribution of available means to retrieve hardshi among levels of overty 100% still available soon exhausted 80% already exhausted 60% 40% 20% 0% hardshi cases below overty line above overty line Source: IUE Poll 10 (unublished data, May 2006) After at least five years of hardshi, household assets and caacities have, to a large extent, been drained. Credit from shos a vital form of household survival used to buy food and other essentials and articularly among those made unemloyed during the intifada 43 is being cut by shokeeers who no longer trust PA emloyees ability to reay. UN monitoring reveals that in the aza Stri, Palestinians are buying less over the counter medication because of its cost and are making hosital visits instead Private Sector Since the election of Hamas and the withdrawal of donor funding from the PA, the rivate sector has emerged as a likely reciient of foreign aid. 44 However, the caacity of the rivate sector to relace the PA as a service rovider in any meaningful way is extremely limited. Only 12% of schools, 39% of hositals and 12% of rimary health clinics are run rivately. 45 Whether or not it is desirable to rely on the rivate sector as the major service rovider also remains questionable. Nevertheless, the rohibitively high cost of accessing rivate services uts them beyond the means of a oulation increasingly short of jobs and in need of financial hel. And many of those who reviously were able to afford rivate sector services are now resorting to government-run services, adding to the ressure on resources. Similarly, the caacity of the rivate sector to absorb those who lose work in the PA is limited. Most azan workers who lost emloyment in Israel have failed to find alternative work in the local economy. aza's local rivate sector which rovides 56% of all jobs is too small to absorb new workers. 43 OCHA, Humanitarian Udate, May OCHA, Humanitarian Udate, Aril ata from Ministry of Education, ; Health Care Providers and Beneficiaries Survey, (PCBS 2005). 19

24 Wages, which are already considered to be low, would fall further still with any increase in labour suly THE MOST LIKELY SCENARIO FOR 2006 The current situation has deteriorated to a far greater extent than forecast in the 2006 CAP which stated that the worst case, and most likely, scenario would be a gradual worsening of the humanitarian situation in This revised CAP anticiates that the significant intensification of Israeli access and security measures and the fiscal crisis faced by the PA will lead to serious deterioration of the situation. The tightening of Israel s access and security measures, including closures, continue at the intensified level that has been witnessed in the first half of The new Hamas government is unlikely to accede to the Quartet s rinciles and, in this event, western donors are exected not to fund the PA directly. The non-transferral by banks of existing or any future funds is likely to remain a serious constraint. Nevertheless, some limited funds are exected to find their way into PA coffers reventing its comlete collase. Between $10-15m monthly tax and customs transfers withheld by Israel are likely to be released for the ayment of PA electricity and water bills while the remainder continues to be held back. Alternative funding mechanisms, namely the Quartet-established Temorary International Mechanism (T.I.M.), could suort limited core services. 47 According to these assumtions, unemloyment is exected to almost double in Poverty is redicted to increase markedly, as will factional feuding and social unrest. Palestinian ross omestic Product (P) growth is rojected to lummet by 25% and real er caita P to fall by 27%. With the loss of livelihoods based on emloyment in Israel and with the PA, and the increasing risks associated with local entrereneurial enterrises, Palestinians are likely to resort to negative coing mechanisms, such as reducing exenditure, with detrimental reercussions for food insecurity and access to services OCHA forthcoming reort, June The World Bank (Economic Udate and Potential Outlook, 15 March 2006) develoed slightly different scenarios but which assumed similar funds reaching the PA. This section uses the economic outcomes develoed by the World Bank. 20

25 2. REVIEW OF THE COMMON HUMANITARIAN ACTION PLAN 2.1. SUMMARY CAP 2006 Funding Analysis At the time of this anticiated mid-year review, the CAP opt has been generally funded at a rate of 31% i.e. a total of $117,463,901 has been received or committed. In addition, another $2,343,819 has been ledged. There are, however, significant funding discreancies to be highlighted among sectors, number of rojects and agencies. Agencies such as FAO and OCHA have more than 50% of their funding requirements met. Others such as UNRWA, WFP, UNICEF and UNIFEM have lower levels of funding whereas the rest of the aealing agencies have received a very oor level of funding. It is imortant to note that the CAP 2006 was largely under funded until recently. At the end of Aril, the overall level of funding was at 8%. Therefore the imlementation of the lanned actions has been seriously hamered in the first quarter of 2006 imlying the absence of a significant resonse to address the humanitarian needs as identified in the CAP document, released at the end of It is only recently, in the last month, that funds have been gradually committed towards the lanned humanitarian actions. These funds will enable humanitarian agencies to address ongoing needs in a sustainable manner and to very raidly suort revised humanitarian strategy and actions. The original requirements of the 2006 Aeal stood at $215 million, and are now revised to $384 million. Fourteen rojects have been retrieved (not considered relevant any more or fully funded) from the original aeal and a total of 42 new rojects have been added in the revised aeal Humanitarian Resonse Strategy While humanitarian agencies have broadly assessed the humanitarian consequences in the current context, it is clear that the UN agencies and NOs lack the caacity and mandates to take over service delivery from the PA. UNRWA, NOs and the rivate sector can exand to a limited extent but they do not have the caacity to deliver these services universally. In addition, although UN agencies and NOs are scaling u their humanitarian oerations, they may not be able to meet the raid increase in need, articularly in the face of increased movement restrictions in the opt. Humanitarian assistance is already at high levels aroximately $1.1 billion has been invested in humanitarian assistance since Additional humanitarian aid is needed to reserve a minimum functioning of the ublic system. However, the delivery of aid is becoming more exensive due to the additional overhead/administrative costs of funding through multile alternative smaller-scale sources. The effectiveness of the targeting of assistance will be reduced without full coordination with the PA uiding Princiles and Criteria for Adjusting Humanitarian Actions In this shifting olitical environment, the humanitarian agencies continue to rovide humanitarian assistance on the basis of a universal set of rinciles guiding actions: humanity, neutrality and imartiality, with the consent of the affected government. Humanitarian agencies are readjusting their resonse to ongoing and newly emerging humanitarian needs on the basis of clear criteria guiding humanitarian actions, including: Humanitarian assistance should be guided by need rather than olitical requirements according to the rincile of imartiality; To be effective, rojects in the current CAP or future exanded humanitarian initiatives need to be imlemented with the necessary coordination with local authorities. Humanitarian assistance is neutral, and humanitarian agencies should interact with all arties to ensure access and to negotiate conditions for delivery. Humanitarian assistance should be rovided with the consent of the host authority; Humanitarian initiatives should not cause irreversible changes to the PA over time. They should be time-bound and subject to regular review as the situation evolves; Barring a situation of collase, humanitarian initiatives should not dulicate PA services. Humanitarian assistance should not relace the core ublic sector resonsibilities such as ensuring the right to health care and education; Humanitarian initiative should be exanded to address the imact of increasing overty and unemloyment for examle, through emloyment generation and the rovision of credit, so as to target the oorest and stimulate the local economy; 21

26 Israel is reminded of its resonsibility to rovide or facilitate assistance to the Palestinian eole and to transfer revenues to the PA REVISE STRATEIC PRIORITIES Strategic riorities in 2006 relate directly to the context analysis in the CAP The identification of riorities in the CAP 2006 is based on a needs analysis framework (NAF), which will be udated thoroughly in the coming months. The immediate and urgent revision of the CAP has led to the following adjustment of the strategic riorities: Address gas in basic needs such as the quantitative and qualitative lack of medical sulies, food security, education, water resources vulnerable; Maintain assets of vulnerable households through emergency emloyment and cash assistance to sustain minimum, immediate and viable livelihoods and revent further imoverishment; Enhance constant monitoring, analysis and awareness of the causes of the humanitarian situation and of the humanitarian consequences of reduced and fragmented aid to the PA REVISE SECTOR RESPONSE PLANS Job Creation and Cash Assistance Sector Situation Udate Since comletion of the last CAP, socio-economic conditions in the opt have continued to deteriorate. No noticeable imrovement has been recorded since the Israeli disengagement, in terms of movement conditions for goods and eole, which are deemed essential to revive the Palestinian economy in general, and labour markets in articular. Conclusion of the Agreement on Movement and Access on 15 November 2005 did not yield any substantial amelioration in the access regime. Closure of the Karni crossing may be an eitomising examle, as the assage of goods remained closed for more than 58 days (or 53% of the year) by 30 Aril 2006 as comared to 18% of the year in 2005 and 19% in In Aril 2006, the average daily labour movement to Israel through Erez was zero, as comared to 3,200 in ecember In arallel, geograhical contiguity is hindered, across various arts of the West Bank. Conditions of access to Jerusalem become increasingly stringent, even for ersonnel of international humanitarian Agencies. In late 2005, coordinated efforts were envisaged by the PA and the international community, to encourage rivate foreign investment in this devastated economy. Shortly after, as a consequence of the PLC election results, aid transfers to the PA were instead halted, triggering a liquidity crisis and fiscal difficulties. Living conditions further worsened after January 2006, in art also as a result of international reactions to olitical develoments in the opt. Namely, non-ayment of salaries extended livelihoods distress to about one million Palestinians (over 152,000 PA emloyees and their deendants). Out of these, over 75,000 refugee families have seen their income curtailed. High overty rates continue to strain coing strategies and social suort networks. According to IUE data, overty has increased from 68% in July 2005 to 70% in May Uncertainty on income sources aggravates frustration and factionalism, leading to increasing security concerns. Esecially in the aza Stri, the rogressive deletion of natural resources makes the economy more and more deendent on external sources of raw materials and foodstuffs. Conditions become untenable though, if this occurs in a situation of restricted trade and transort. In the first quarter of the year 2006, unemloyment rates increased in both West Bank and aza Stri. According to international standards, unemloyment showed a 1.5% increase between January-March 2006, rising u to 25.3%. A major increase was recorded in the aza Stri (from 28.2% at the end of 2005 to 34.1% in the 1 st quarter of 2006). The younger age grous are mostly affected by rising unemloyment, as about 40% of youth 15 to 19 years of age and 39% of those aged 20 to 24 are currently without a job. Unemloyed and unoccuied youth are articularly vulnerable to difficulty in finding jobs within a context of economic contraction, shrinkage of roductive sectors, and increasing overty. Within this cohort, youth graduates without a bachelor degree -- in articular, youth holding Tawijhi or technical and vocational training certificates -- currently have very limited rosects for emloyment (unemloyment rate for this latter grou being about 34.7% in May 2006). If we consider Palestinians who are not even engaged in active job search, total unemloyment rate in the opt reached 31.1% in March Recent trends highlight a dramatic deterioration in the aza 22

27 UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs Unemloyment in the occuied Palestinian territory CAP Revised Emergency Aeal May 2006 Increase in Unemloyment Rate Since Q < % % 35 % 11 % 58 % 65 % 31 % Jenin 33 % Q % % 14 % 17 % 116 % Tulkarm 30 % Tubas 24 % 28 % 67 % 36 % 204 % 7 % 81 % Qalqiliya 25 % Salfit 23 % Nablus 24 % -4 % 10 % Unemloyment in the opt by overnorate Relaxed efinition < 18 % % % % % Ramallah 25 % Jerusalem 25 % Jericho 18 % aza North 39% Bethlehem 22 % eir El-Balah 42% aza 32% Hebron 35 % aza Stri West Bank Khan Yunis 26% Israel Rafah 27% Kilometers The designations emloyed and the resentation of material on this ma do not imly the exression of any oinion whatsoever on the art of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs Cartograhy: OCHA-oPt - May Base data: PCBS unublished data, PA MoP, July 2000, OCHA udate 2006 For comments contact <ochaot@un.org> or Tel (02) htt://

28 labour market where unemloyment increased from 33.1% to 39.6% during the first quarter of the year. The ercentage of articiants in the labour force (according to ILO standards) decreased by 0.7% between ecember 2005 and March Overall, emloyment in Israel and in Israeli settlements further decreased from 13.6% at the end of 2005 to 13.2% in the 1 st quarter of the year and by the end of March about 61,000 Palestinians were working in Israel and in settlements. The economic deendency ratio, further reflecting the increasing degree of vulnerability of the Palestinian oulation to the current economic crisis, was 6.2 in the 1 st quarter of 2006, comared to 4.8 before the start of the intifada. In the aza Stri, the deendency ratio has now reached 8.4 ersons er jobholder. Though nominal wages slightly increased in the 1 st quarter of 2006, from NIS75.3 to NIS77.9 in the West Bank, and from NIS66.4 to NIS70.1 in the aza Stri, the adjustment is far from offsetting the dramatic increase in cost of living indicators, and more secifically in consumer rices (+3.21%) recorded between ecember 2005 to Aril In summary, 25.3% Palestinians in the opt are currently unemloyed, with even higher rates among the youngest sectors of the oulation. An increase of 1.4 in the deendency ratio since the beginning of the intifada outlines rising vulnerability at the household level. The strong rise in the consumer rice index renders void any slight increase recorded in nominal wages during the first quarter of In this framework, whereas the key challenge to the PA would be to find markets and investment to return to re-intifada levels of emloyment and economic activity, the creation of over 152,000 jobs would instead be necessary to achieve full emloyment (5% unemloyment). ue to high rates of oulation growth and to maintain this trend over the next decade, the creation of 321,000 jobs by 2010 and some 525,000 jobs by 2015 would be necessary. Sector Revised Strategy Whilst the Palestinian economy is confronted with a shar reduction in donors assistance, withholding of aid instruments for budget suort, missed recovery of tax revenues and rogressively lower levels of remittances from workers in Israel, households bear the effects of overty-triggering mechanisms on their daily livelihoods. In recent years, closures have been determining loss of jobs or lower incomes; this resulted in lower demand for goods, which, in turn, lowered availability of emloyment oortunities. The resent uncertainty in occuational status and regularity of income further weakens economic circumstances and leads to intensifying search for cash generation rosects at the household level. The increasing number of alications, for examle, to the UNRWA Job Creation Programme is a valuable indicator showing raising needs in this domain. At this articular moment in the economic/olitical history of the opt, relevant aid tools become essential to introduce some elements of sustainability in eole s livelihoods, enhancing their caacity to react to shocks and stresses in ways which are - to the most ossible extent - economically effective, socially equitable and environmentally sound. The creation of temorary emloyment oortunities and cash assistance acquire rimary imortance in a context of restricted movement of eole and goods, increasing unemloyment, and widesread liquidity crisis both at the macro and household level. The ositive multilier effect on the local economy is common to job creation and cash assistance, both aid instruments reviewed here. They will contribute to relieving beneficiaries from ressing concerns in the satisfaction of basic needs, rovide them with a resource base on which to build their otential, and ultimately lead to an injection of money in the local economy. In some cases, a further link is established, to suort the enhancement of skills and exertise of youth below higher education levels through cash assistance/temorary stiends in exchange for on-the-job lacement. While increasing emloyability rosects of beneficiaries, targeted short-term initiatives contribute to counteract economic and social marginalisation. The choice on whether emloyment creation or cash assistance is to be adoted will vary according to the needs, comosition, secific assets and skills of targeted households. The rojects resented in this sector rovide a coherent and holistic, though multi-dimensional, resonse to the current crisis, identifying the rovision of income as one among the imortant tools to alleviate conditions of resent distress Food Security Sector situation udate Escalation in overty, combined with market rice increases of basic food commodities, exhaustion of coing strategies and the loss of animal rotein from the diet; have reduced access to food and have increased reliance on relief assistance. 24

29 UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs Food Insecurity in the occuied Palestinian territory CAP Revised Emergency Aeal May 2006 Source Percentage Increase since % % % 33 % 15 % 22 % 27 % 10 % Jenin 56 % % % 11 % 12 % 30 % Tulkarm 40 % Tubas 56 % 46 % 33 % 48 % 24 % 15 % 14 % Qalqiliya 39 % Salfit 51 % Nablus 47 % 50 % 33 % Food Insecurity in the opt by overnorate. Projection for % % % % % Ramallah 46 % Jerusalem 39 % Jericho 43 % aza North 60 % Bethlehem 40 % eir El-Balah 47 % aza 46 % Hebron 51 % aza Stri West Bank Khan Yunis 45 % Israel Rafah 60 % Kilometers The designations emloyed and the resentation of material on this ma do not imly the exression of any oinion whatsoever on the art of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs Non satial data from WFP-Vulnerability and Analysis Maing Unit. Cartograhy: OCHA-oPt - May Base data: PA MoP, July For comments contact <ochaot@un.org> or Tel (02) htt://

30 While the NAF assessment at the end of 2005 identified 37% of food-insecure eole in opt, the latest WFP/FAO food security udate (May 2006) foresees a 14% increase in this figure by June 2006 to 51% food insecurity. The food security sector has identified three main trigger factors accentuating food security levels: (i) the cut in PA direct ayment and susension of tax revenue ayments; (ii) increased closures/affects of accelerated barrier construction and; (iii) effects of avian influenza combined with fishing restrictions. While these trigger factors remain food insecurity will continue to rise at a shar rate with an adverse imact on vulnerable grous. The cut in PA direct ayment and susension of tax revenue ayments The cut of PA direct suort is directly affecting all sectors of society in opt, exacerbating an already difficult situation. The financial crisis has resulted in: elayed ayment of over 152,000 PA emloyees; low-level income emloyees with no savings are the most affected; Halt of cash assistance ayments to the aroximately 45,000 families (Social Hardshi Cases) from the MoSA (since February 2006); increasing their reliance on the timely delivery of WFP rations); Reduction in suort to the extended family members of the PA emloyees (estimated at over 1,000,000 eole) who are deendent on their relatives charitable contributions. These eole are now facing severe difficulties covering their basic food needs; Critically low levels of cash in the local economy and increasing signs of a severe economic recession affecting markets and agricultural roduction cycles. Increased closures/affects of accelerated barrier construction Reeated and extended closures since January 2006 have revented increasing numbers of emloyees from having timely access to their lace of work and farmers to their land affecting their income and threatening their livelihood; In the West Bank, and articularly in the aza Stri, the imact of closures and trade restrictions on suliers is resulting in increasing market/food trade disrution and fragmentation, a shortage of basic food commodities combined with the cut in PA ayment is contributing to a liquidity crisis which, in turn, affects the urchasing ower in local economies; Furthermore continued land exroriation and destruction of livelihood assets to make way for the West Bank Barrier and settlement infrastructure continues to constitute a daily shock to household economies with a high imact on oor families. Effects of avian influenza combined with fishing restrictions (aza Stri only) On 22 March, the Palestinian Ministry of Agriculture (MoA) officially confirmed the resence of the H5N1 strain of the Avian Influenza virus in aza Stri and the culling of 399,315 birds followed. No human cases have been confirmed so far. The outbreak threatens over 2.2 million oultry in the aza Stri. Owing to the loss of chicken from the diet, azans have been forced to search for alternative sources of animal rotein such as beef, lamb and fish. Beef/lamb sulies have been severely imacted by the avian flu eidemic and the closure of Karni and rices have already doubled; Fish sulies are becoming an issue of concern as the avian flu, combined with the Karni closures, reducing fish imorts, have more than doubled the local demand for fish, increasing the ressure on aza fishing grounds. The oi restricts fishing grounds to 6-10 nautical miles from the shore desite an agreement under the Oslo Accord for 20 miles of fishing grounds; the resultant over-fishing of this imortant breeding area, combined with ollution has led to a critical deletion of fish stocks. This threatens some 35,000 eole in aza who rely on fishing as their rimary livelihood and income source, and the food security of the wider oulation; WFP is concerned about a decline in the rotein intake of the oorest families in the aza Stri, resulting from the loss of oultry from their diet and the rising rices of alternative animal roteins. Imact on increased food insecurity and reduced means to survive the crisis The current crisis in the opt has affected not only the food insecurity of Palestinians but also their means of survival. Poor families who used to be able to coe in times of hardshi are now facing increasing difficulties to cover their families basic food needs: The liquidity crisis and widesread nature of the current crisis has affected the available coing strategies of beneficiaries. A widesread coing strategy in the opt is the use of social caital (borrowing between families and communities vis-à-vis informal credit/loans); however this has become rogressively exhausted through the current crisis as the majority of eole are suffering from the reduction in income; 26

31 Another common coing strategy is credit from local shos, but small shos and businesses are unable to absorb the shock of the greatly increased demand for credit and lack of cash, which is fracturing their trade relationshis and threatening the future of their business; Thus many shos are now refusing credit from PA emloyees. Attemts to sell roductive assets (e.g. animals, land), household assets (e.g. car) and rivate assets (e.g. jewellery) have now become limited by the liquidity crisis. This leaves affected families with few otions to survive the current situation other than incurring debts, withdrawing children from school, cutting down exenses on health services and reducing the number and quality of meals. Imact on nutritional status The most food insecure sectors of society continue to be those with heightened nutritional needs and oor income sources: households with many children, oorly educated eole and the elderly. Pregnant/lactating women and children are one of the most vulnerable segments of the oulation in the resent crisis as iron deficiency (seriously affecting regnant women and having a direct negative imact on their child), lack of vitamin A, (causing blindness esecially in children) and iodine deficiency are common nutritional roblems in opt; According to the CARE/John Hokins Nutrition Assessment (2004), 22% of children between 12 and 59 months suffer from vitamin-a deficiency and another 53.9% are borderline deficient. The resent crisis, limited access to food, is likely to contribute to higher micronutrient deficiencies and otential rise in wasting (weight-for-height) and stunting (height-for-age); WFP, UNICEF and WHO are working together to ut in lace a nutrition monitoring surveillance system in order to monitor increased rates of wasting and stunting. This will hel WFP and UNICEF to make timely rogramming decisions with regard to the otential needs for general food distributions suorted by selective feeding (Sulementary Feeding Programme (SFP) /Theraeutic Feeding Programme (TFP)). WFP and FAO have identified five additional grous of vulnerable eole who may be at increased risk of worsening food insecurity due to the current deteriorating situation. The most affected members of society continue to be those with heightened nutritional needs and oor income sources: households with many children, oorly educated eole, lactating and regnant women and the elderly. Overall, the emerging food insecure are those grous most affected by the current crisis: (i) social hardshi cases; (ii) low income PNA emloyees who rovide ublic services; (iii) small sho owners and emloyees and; (iv) small farmers and agricultural labourers. As a coing mechanism to restricted economic access to food, vulnerable grous tyically resort to reducing the quantity and quality of daily meals which not only reduces daily caloric intake but also the overall nutritional value (quality) of food consumed. Field reorts indicate an increased ressure for relief assistance as a growing number of eole are alying for social services suort. MoSA reorted having 250% more alicants on the waiting list of their social hardshi cases rogramme. WFP field staff have reorted a dramatic increase in ressure at distribution oints from eole requiring food. Revised Sector Strategy Food Aid In the current context, food aid will have to be increased. Food assistance to non-refugees through WFP currently assists the most needy food insecure eole in both aza Stri and the West Bank through a combination of free food distributions, Food for Work/Training (FFW/T) and institutional feeding. WFP currently aims to assist 480,000 beneficiaries and this caseload is being revised uwards to 600,000 (throughout the remainder of 2006) in order to buffer the most vulnerable from the shar rise in food insecurity and resond to increased needs. This is aimed at reducing the imact of the crisis on their livelihoods and heling to revent exhausting of coing mechanisms/ increasing use of negative coing mechanisms. WFP will also retain emergency stocks to resond to any further escalation of the food security situation. Also in line with the interagency multi sectoral resonse to the outbreak of Avian influenza in opt, WFP will rovide sulementary canned fish/meat to the food basket targeting the oorest non refugee families in the aza Stri to comensate them for the loss of oultry -the cheaest source of animal rotein. UNRWA is lanning to increase the emergency caseload from 210,000 refugee families in the aza Stri and West Bank (1,075,000 ersons) to 240,500 families (1,226,000 ersons). The exansion of the rogramme is aimed at roviding assistance to those most affected by the PA's fiscal crisis and increased movement restrictions, to counter roblems of inadequate nutrition and economic access to 27

32 food, UNRWA is also seeking to rocure buffer stocks for one round of food assistance in aza (to 158,000 refugee families) to counter the effects of exected closures at Karni which have led to delays in the imlementation of the food aid rogramme over the course of the intifada. Livelihood Suort Oxfam will suort oor small-scale livestock farmers in the West Bank through water and fodder distribution in resonse to the drought in Southern Hebron (2,750 beneficiaries and 27,500 animals). Oxfam will also conduct small livelihood rojects in Southern Hebron and aza Stri (21,800 beneficiaries). Rural suort to women Training and financial suort to isolated rural communities who are vulnerable to severe destruction and/or isolation with the aim of creating assets, building skills and imroving agricultural and incomeearning oortunities. Further food security resonses Changes will be needed in both the quantity and frequency of food aid distributions if the current humanitarian crisis worsens, based on current monitoring tools and assessments. Comosition of the food aid ration may require an increase in rotein intake, articularly for children under 5, lactating and regnant mothers. However, the actual WFP rogramme resonse will deend uon contextual factors, such as security and access, the imlementation caacity of artners and resource constraints. Future non-food resonse, such as cash voucher schemes, should be exlored for urban areas in order to imrove consumer urchasing ower (food access), and in turn, suort local markets and shokeeers. WFP and FAO will be conducting a Comrehensive Joint Food Security Assessment in August 2006 to revise target grous and riority areas of action. Based on this assessment, and the wide-ranging imact of the current crisis on food security, a range of new aroaches may be required Agriculture Sector situation udate The significantly imortant role of the agriculture sector 48 in the Palestinian economy and food security is highly jeoardised by the currently degrading situation, as is its shock-absorber function for rural families in times of economic crises. The many roblems faced by the agriculture sector since the beginning of the conflict have been considerably aggravated since the beginning of January 2006, as a result of the combination of the factors described below. This has severely disruted markets and negatively imacted food security in the opt, jeoardising the livelihoods of the farmers - and consequently of the most vulnerable Palestinian oulations. Increased restrictions in the movement of eole and good The significant increase in the number of checkoints in the West Bank (from 376 in August 2005 to 515 in mid May ), the increasingly frequent closure of the Karni crossing into the aza Stri 50 and the extension of the Barrier by the oi have drastically imacted the movement of oulations and goods within the opt and to Israel. Similarly, it undermines the work of suort institutions and their reach to the most vulnerable oulations. Moreover, the unreliable movement of goods reresents a major obstacle to markets for agricultural roducts, as most of the goods exorted are erishable items (strawberries, tomatoes, flowers and carnations). Farmers reduced access to markets (Palestinian, Israeli and international) generates high losses (mainly for azan farmers) and massive distortions and variations in rice for seasonal commodities (esecially for urban traders), which in turn create strong reercussions on both food security and agricultural activities by farmers. The construction of the Barrier continues damaging land, destroying trees and the environment, imeding markets, generating unemloyment and 48 In 2005, the agricultural sector was ensuring job oortunities and emloyment to workers and rivate business establishments. Its contribution to emloyment had risen from 13% in 1995 to about 16% in Agriculture has rovided work for more than 39% of those working in informal sectors and suorts a significant roortion of Palestinian families who cultivate their lands for livelihood. Nitham Ataya, 2005, Agriculture is a Key Pillar in the Palestinian Economy, Palestinian Agricultural Relief Committee (PARC); Needs assessment framework, Food Insecurity, 2006, UN Agencies. 49 OCHA. 50 OCHA reorted in Aril 2006 that the Karni crossing was closed for nearly 60% since the beginning of the year. 28

33 !x!x!x!x Ç Ç Ç Ç Ç Ç " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " "" " " aza Wharf Mawasi Rafah Wharf eir al Balah Wharf Mawasi Khan Yunis Wharf aza Rafah Khan Yunis aza North eir El-Balah Salah El-een St Yaser Arafat St Al-Rashid St Al-Karama StEl-Karama St Yaser Arafat St Salah Khalaf St Kilometers UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs aza Situation Ma CAP Revised Emergency Aeal May 2006 EYPT JORAN ISRAEL West Bank e a d S e a aza Stri MEITERRANEAN SEA The designations emloyed and the resentation of material on this ma do not imly the exression of any oinion whatsoever on the art of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Rafah Crossing Point Kerem Shalom Sufa Crossing Point Karni Crossing Point Nahal Oz Erez Crossing Point Regional Road Main Road Local Road Wharves!x Hositals " Primary Health Care Clinics Builtu reenhouses Refugee Cams Restricted Fishing Area Restricted Fishing Area 150 to 500m buffer imosed by the Israeli efence Forces. Mouvement is restricted by frequent IF warning fire. Covering the disengaged northern settlement bloc, movement in this area is restricted to residents and International Organisations since 28th ecember metre Buffer Zone Ç Major Crossing Points Ç Minor Crossing Points ouble Wire Fence with Watch Towers 150 metre Buffer Zone and Northern No-o Zone Buffer Zone Northern No-o Zone United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs Cartograhy: OCHA-oPt - May Base data: PA MoP, July 2000, OCHA udate 2006 For comments contact <ochaot@un.org> or Tel (02) htt://

34 increasing overty and food insecurity. It has recently been reorted that overty rates have risen dramatically in Palestinian rural communities in the last few months, esecially in the Jenin istrict Increased restricted access to land and water resources The closures, confiscations and destructions of land 51, wells and agriculture water harvesting cisterns result in an increasingly risky and difficult access to water. This is of articular concern in areas of high horticultural otential, such as Tulkarm/Qalqilya and the Jordan Valley. The combination of these factors with the control of oi over water resources and the decline of annual rainfall (mainly in rangeland areas) seriously threaten the continuation of agricultural activities. PA financial crisis The PA salary crisis following the January elections means a lack of local urchasing ower/cash, disruting local markets, labour and the overall trade and economy in the opt. This will severely imact the agriculture emloyment market. The technical assistance and monitoring rovided by the MoA in the opt would be undermined further should the PA fiscal crisis continue. Farmers will lose the regulatory and advisory functions erformed by the MoA s extension agents in the field, exosing them to rivate sector ressures, which could generate further environmental imacts (e.g. misuse of esticides) and negative economic consequences for the farmers. Massive recession of the Palestinian economy The closure of Karni crossing into the aza Stri has already resulted in high losses for azan farmers. The loss of exort caacity generated a surlus of agricultural goods in the market during early The rices have consequently droed so low that they no longer cover costs of roduction (transort and labour). The PalTrade has estimated daily exort revenue losses at aroximately $600,000 er day. Moreover, the banking crisis will have devastating consequences on the Palestinian economy, which conducts nearly 90% of its trade with and though Israel 52. Without the corresonding banking agreements with Israeli banks, Palestinians banks that conduct the trade between the rivate sectors of both sides will be incaable of facilitating modern trade and will no longer be able to deal with the global banking system. Trade between Israel and Palestine will be gravely affected 53. This, combined with the current cash crisis - with the Israeli Shekel in short suly in the opt - threatens to collase the rivate sector of the Palestinian economy. isrution of labour market The rivate sector starts to feel the imact of the lack of liquidity and the diminished urchasing ower. In addition to increased external closure of the opt, work ermits issued by the oi have decreased and will continue doing so following the oi olicy to hase out by the end Furthermore, the terminal at Karni crossing generally rovides work for 4,000 Palestinian workers and 300 truck drivers - who do not receive their salaries when azan roduce is not sold due to the closure. Lack of access to agricultural inuts, esecially in the aza Stri Following the reetitive closures of the Karni crossing, the 65,000 family farmers in the aza Stri are unable to rocure basic roduction and agricultural inuts imorted from Israel, such as seedlings, chemicals, lastics, irrigation equiment for the ucoming seasons. Most of them have a seasonal use and must be ordered in the sring and summer. Normally, in the aza Stri, assistance is rovided by the Agricultural Cooeratives that urchase roduction inuts for their 20,000 farmer-members and collect ayment at harvest time. However, following two consecutive seasons of losses due to the Karni closure, the Cooeratives lack the financial means to do so for the ucoming 2006/07 season. These inuts are required to revent a mass collase of the food roduction system and of the livelihoods of farmers as well as a further market disrution. isrution of food markets As a result of the combination of all the above-mentioned factors as well as the fragmentation of the West Bank, the increasing isolation of the opt, the high transaction and transort cost and the trade and tariff barriers imosed by the oi on agricultural Palestinian roducts (that heavily reduce their cometitiveness), retailers in oor and isolated areas are unable to secure food sulies. Moreover, there are frequent reorts of Israeli roducts over-floating Palestinian markets. In the aza Stri, the PA 51 According to the Ministry of Agriculture, a total of 79, 270 dunums of fruit trees, greenhouses and fruit and vegetable in oen field was confiscated and/or destroyed in the opt between Setember 2000 and Aril 2005, with a total estimated loss of $340 million. 52 Israeli/Palestine Center for Research and Information, 22 May The PA imorts from Israel the equivalent of billions dollars a year and exorts to Israel $1 billion a year. 30

35 deartment of fisheries has announced that, should the fishing zones allowed by the oi remain unchanged, over-fishing would threaten the overall fishing industry of becoming unviable by October This would in turn severely comromise the emloyment of the 35,000 eole reliant on the industry in the aza Stri and create serious food security and nutrition concerns. Avian influenza (AI) outbreak 55 The AI outbreak that occurred in the aza Stri during March and Aril is currently under control, following the culling of 399,315 birds in 45 farms and the imlementation of several human and animal health related measures. However, in the current environment and due to the secificity of the aza Stri, the virus threatens to have considerable imacts in terms of socio-economy, ublic health, agriculture and nutrition, should new outbreaks occur. It could generate a dramatic humanitarian situation and a severe economic decline. The oultry industry viability, already comromised since 2002 by the ongoing situation, has further been severely imaired by the AI crisis, articularly by the loss of consumer confidence. ue to the overall economic decline, the viability of this sector cannot be restored in a foreseeable future. With the aim of urgently addressing this articularly ressing issue, a UN interagency framework for AI and andemic resonse in the opt was develoed searately from the CAP revision. The decrease of availability of food sulies on markets (esecially stale food commodities) increases the food insecurity and leads to negative coing strategies and otentially to nutritional imbalances. Revised Sector Strategy It is of utmost imortance to invest in Palestinian agriculture in order to tackle some of these issues that dramatically affect the agricultural sector and the oulations who deend on farming livelihoods. The agricultural sector in the opt, flexible by nature, is a source of sustainable emloyment, income, economic stimulation, food security and nutrition for a considerable ortion of the Palestinians and has reresented the main coing mechanism in rural areas. Moreover, a large roortion of the basis for food aid is locally rocured. Investing in agriculture will also increase emloyment oortunities for women and will emower them economically, esecially in rural areas. Projects of FAO/UNP-Programme of Assistance to the Palestinian Peole (PAPP) and the NOs Centro Regionale d Intervento er la Cooerazione (CRIC), JUHOU for Community and Rural develoment, PARC and Action contra el Hambre (ACH) are addressing the most urgent agricultural needs faced by the Palestinian farmers - including women and Bedouins: emergency emloyment generation through land develoment activities; suort to fishermen in the aza Stri to restore their activities following the disengagement; emergency relief for most vulnerable farmers and restoration of a minimum caacity of horticulture roduction, animal husbandry and marketing. Suorting farming households is exected to directly imrove women and children s nutrition, while exanding the roductive base for vulnerable families and containing humanitarian workload uscale. iversification and self-sufficiency at household and community levels will be suorted through the imlementation of the rojects, as well as local roduction and markets revitalisation. The rojects aim to hel rehabilitate these sectors and imrove eole s livelihood and living conditions by stimulating emloyment, food roduction and cash generation, thereby suorting local economies and reducing overty, malnutrition and food insecurity. UNP and FAO have jointly formulated and will fundraise and imlement rojects under the revised CAP in the opt. This aroach aims to combine UNP s imlementation exerience with FAO s technical exertise to enhance the quality and effectiveness of rojects. ACH, PARC, CRIC and JUHOU for Community and Rural develoment are also articiating to the CAP revision with six rojects for a total amount of $4,957, Health Sector Situation Udate Since the rearation of the CAP in the last quarter of 2005, several events haened that are currently affecting the humanitarian needs of the Palestinian eole. In articular, the freeze of financial suort to the PA and of VAT transfer from Israel is currently the most worrying situation faced by the health sector. The crisis facing the MoH includes the following arameters: 54 WFP Market monitoring on Avian Influenza and fisheries, 1 Aril UN agencies and relevant artners are addressing the Avian Flu situation and subsequent needs in a searate resonse lan and aeal. 31

36 Civil servants salaries have not been aid for the ast three months, although currently still going to work for most art. However, work attendance levels may dro raidly; Stocks of medicines are running short, according to the MoH 77 essential drugs are already out of stock. The MoH requires $4.5 million er month in order to cover non-salary exenses, such as medicines, consumables and running costs; Health services are comromised; the lack of fuel and other oerating sulies is already affecting the caacity of the MoH and health civil servants to continue their normal oerations. Large-scale rogrammes - for controlling eidemics such as the Avian Flu - will be critically weakened, with severe consequences not only for the Palestinian oulation but also for neighbouring countries. This will lead to a severe deterioration in the rovision of ublic health services, and will comromise the integrity of the health system, in addition to the already existing access roblems. As a consequence, the demand on UNRWA services will increase due to an influx of refugee oulation, which normally uses MoH services. The selection of beneficiaries based on their refugee status according to the UNRWA mandate - will create a wide inequity in access to health care. This situation uts the MoH at a greater vulnerable osition when needed to coe with the increased restrictions in eole s and goods access and movement within the West Bank and to and from aza, including the transfer of material at Karni crossing and the accelerated construction of the Barrier. Restricted access will contribute to roblems in utilisation of services as well as the referral system in addition to shortages of medical sulies. The availability of aroximately 12,000 MoH staff in the West Bank will be considerably hamered in areas of the West Bank. The MoH is also in difficulties to coe with the deterioration in the security situation, as a result of the weak enforcement of law and order, esecially in the aza Stri. The situation will also jeoardise the MoH s ability to monitor the emergency context with accuracy. Within the current situation, the major concern is that a collase of the MoH will affect the Palestinian oulation across all sectors of society equally. However, it is worth mentioning that the oulation that was already considered vulnerable at the end of 2005 will have a greater vulnerability during the coming eriod. Namely atients affected by chronic diseases, in need of long-term treatments secifically cancer atients - comlicated cases of regnancy and delivery and childhood illnesses. Equally, the concern over the exhausting coing mechanisms of vulnerable grous (oor and unemloyed) has a greater relevance in this context, secifically because if the ublic health system cannot rovide them services they are least likely to be able to attend rivate health centres. Also, concern remains for the areas traditionally affected by incursions: Northern West Bank and Hebron as well as the increased internal struggle mainly in the aza Stri. In the current situation, a shift towards rivate rovision of health care will be highly detrimental for the equity, efficiency and quality of care, as it is well known from exeriences in similar contexts. In any case, at its current level of resources, the NO sector does not have the caacity to absorb in a shortmedium term the huge demand for health care that would emerge from a lack of ublic services. Beyond the rovision of services, the sudden absence of stewardshi of the ublic authority in ensuring key functions like monitoring of health status, sanitary controls, early detection and resonse to outbreaks, and effective health sector coordination will contribute to the raid degradation of health services rovision. Revised Sector Strategy The set objectives of the CAP 2006 are related to strengthening the ublic health system and imroving the national caacity to deliver effective, quality services. In the secific context it was defined for at the end of 2005, humanitarian actions were meant to comlement larger develoment-oriented actions, including olicy develoment and health system reform. The withdrawal of financial suort to the PA, and the threat to maintain the functionality of the ublic health system, laces the need for a reformulation of the objectives for the humanitarian actions towards by reserving the key outcomes and functions of the ublic health system, through adoting an aid strategy that does not undermine the existing system. In articular, the sector strategy is looking at: Suorting the MoH to guarantee universal coverage to health services, by ensuring availability of sufficient sulies and reserving the caacity of the MoH to rovide health services and maintain its stewardshi role; Preserve the MoH caacity to maintain the rovision of health services, its coordinating role, its caacity to monitor health status and its caacity to continue working in areas such as communicable 32

37 diseases, non communicable diseases, reroductive health, nutrition, vaccination rogrammes, emergency rearedness and resonse and environmental health rogrammes. Providing suort to the MoH for logistics management and monitoring of the health emergency situation on access to quality services and the general health status of the Palestinian oulation will be art of the UN role in assistance. UN agencies also have a ivotal role in advocating and conveying key health concerns to the international community. Actions aimed at strengthening areas like maternal health and management of chronic diseases, which were reviously seen within the develoment framework, are been addressed in the revised strategy. However, it is imortant to consider that the roosed resonse can only be viable if the salaries of health care workers are aid Psychosocial Suort and Protection from Violence Sector Situation Udate The first five months of 2006 saw a worsening in levels of violence exerienced by Palestinians. The number of Palestinians killed and injured, including children and adolescents, has more than doubled between January (14 eole) and Aril (31 eole), with most of the casualties from Ramallah, Nablus, Hebron, Jenin and Northern aza. The number of children in Israeli detention has also risen. Within this violent context, rising imoverishment and non-ayment of salaries is an additional source of stress and tension for aroximately a quarter of the oulation who is deendant on PA wage earners, and might therefore be a trigger for more violence in homes, schools and communities. Enhanced mobility restrictions further isolate families from their suort networks, limit their access to remaining services and undermine their coing mechanisms, including access to work outside the area of residence. Women suffer the ressure of the increasing economic burden and are increasingly seeking to contribute financially to the family, but they suffer from lack of skills, exeriences and/or access to services and resources. The aza Stri under very strict closure and where the oulation is subjected the regular shelling, shooting and sonic booms is very severely affected. In addition, the ossible limitations in the PA s caacity to ensure security might give rise to intensified internal disutes and constitute an additional risk factor. Civil servants continue for now to reort to their worklaces daily but if, in the longer term, ublic services remain un-funded, the rise in insecurity will be combined with a likely deterioration of reventive and recovery services for those affected. Concretely, in terms of rotection and sychosocial well being, this entails a risk of interrution of school counselling in PA schools, a ga in the rovision of sychosocial and mental health services by the MoH and a cut in the social rotection services to vulnerable households by the MoSA. It is likely that some NOs might cater for some of these needs but significant gas would remain. There is also a risk that services now rovided free of charge would have to be aid for by users which would severely imact the marginalised and excluded families. Emerging/increasing threats and risks Violence in homes and increasing needs for sychosocial suort: uring the eriod February to May 2006, numerous teachers, medical staff, social workers and other rofessionals have been reorting an increased number of cases of child abuse, reflecting the heightened tension in homes as a result of the above. Many are observing a rise in aggressive behaviour, lack of concentration and anxiety among children. Organisations working in the sychosocial and mental health fields have also witnessed an increase in requests for suort. For examle, the number of adults who have received mental health treatment in the MoH Community Mental Health Centres has gone from 533 to 629 cases in Hebron and from 282 cases to 360 in Ramallah. etention of Palestinian children in Israel: The number of children detained in Israel has continuously increased over the last months, from 319 in January to 371 in Aril i.e. a 16% increase. Children from Ramallah and Nablus amount to almost half of detainee children. The increase in detention numbers is robably a result of, at the same time, a tightening of security measures from the Israeli army and higher numbers of children utting themselves at risk of arrest. The necessity for families to send time in finding alternative ways to cater for households needs also leaves numbers of children without suervision. Child labour: While child labour has not been a major area of concern in the opt so far, it is now feared that imoverishment would lead to more children having to bring an income into the household and even, 33

38 ossibly, to higher dro-out rates. Although no recent (i.e. 2006) statistics is available on the toic, anecdotal evidence seems to indicate higher numbers of children working in the streets. Closures, including of Erez and Karni in aza, lead for emloyment loss for fathers, hereby also ushing children into work. Safety and injury risks, including landmines and small arms: With the high insecurity, households seem to be increasingly storing weaons at home, hereby exosing children to the risk of accidents. Landmines and remnants of war are also still revalent, esecially around military zones and settlements. 21 Palestinian children have been killed due to the conflict since the beginning of January. Revised Sector Strategy Preserve full caacity for sychosocial emergency rearedness and resonse and ensure sustained access to sycho-social services for oulations in need, with a secial focus on those most affected by imoverishment and those living in areas rone to internal and external insecurity esecially aza; romote outreach to the most isolated areas and areas most affected by movement restrictions and in the vicinity of the Barrier, ensuring equal access to women and girls; Reinforce families and communities in their rotective role towards their most vulnerable members, including women and children. Families as well as communities around them are at the forefront in romoting children s sychosocial well-being and rotecting them against abuse and violence. To the extent that they feel that their families are able to rotect them, children s ability to coe with violence is likely to be increased; Emower and enable children, youth and women to fully articiate in imroving the lives of their communities. Fully-fledged articiation is a way to bring a sense of meaning in eole s lives, to decrease their frustration and to reinforce their ability to coe with difficult living conditions. Oortunities for articiation in community life is also a strategy to revent violent behaviour and hels young eole develo skills, build cometencies, form asirations and gain confidence; Build the caacity of rofessionals in rotecting children, women and other vulnerable grous against abuse and violence; address the sychosocial needs of teachers as a strategy to kee girls in school; build the caacity of children and their communities to rotect themselves against unexloded ordinance and remnants of war; Use well-established and acceted sychosocial rojects as strategic entry oints to address issues of abuse, exloitation and violence in general. As much as ossible, build on this family and community outreach caacity to lay the ground for the future develoment of a social rotection system in the opt; initiate a comrehensive aroach to addressing child abuse in order to cater for the large number of cases in a sustainable manner Water and Sanitation Sector Situation Udate No major imrovements were recorded in the overall water and sanitation situation in the opt in the first half of The current climate of isolation of the PA is making matters worse; Israel has refused to hold Joint Water Committee (JWC) meetings since the new PLC has been sworn in and the JWC will robably not meet again until discussions at olitical level resume. As a result, more rojects are ut on hold, further weakening the ability of the Palestinian oulation to access safe water in accetable quantities. A number of key water and sanitation infrastructure rojects have recently been susended all over the West Bank and the aza Stri further to the donors decision of discontinuing funding to the PA. Furthermore, increased closure and fragmentation of the West Bank and the aza Stri as well as tighter imort olicies increase the costs of roject imlementation and hamer the ability of NOs and other actors to address the needs. The very oor hydrological season in the southern West Bank this year (a mere 63% of annual average rainfall) is utting all communities in the eastern and southeastern arts of Hebron overnorate at risk. Very little rainwater was collected and the budgeted cost of water for these already oor families until the next rain is too high for them to ensure adequate sulies of clean water for family and animal consumtion. 34

39 The following are the main areas of vulnerability and need: Barrier: Water and sanitation needs are most urgent in areas affected by the Barrier, in articular the Bethlehem, Jenin, Qalqiliya and Tulkarm areas; Jordan Valley: Increasingly restricted access further isolates the Palestinian communities living in the Jordan Valley and restricts their ability to access sufficient quantities of clean water and disose of their wastewater and solid waste; Communities without water networks: With the deterioration in the economic situation in recent months many Palestinian households, articularly the chronic and new oor, cannot afford to buy enough sulies to cover basic domestic needs. The rice er cubic meter of tankered water has consequently increased in almost all communities. Palestinian Hydrology rou (PH) data (collected in a samle of 84 communities) indicates that rices have already risen from an average NIS in 2005 to in Aril 2006; The water quality will also be comromised as the monitoring system the PWA and the municialities will be undermined as a result of financial and caacity constraints resulting from recent international and Israeli decisions to interrut transfer of funds to the PA; Reduction in water sulies: As a result of the increase in debt associated with a decrease in fees collection, there is a high risk that municialities might not be able to buy fuel and oerate their own wells in the near future, leaving a large number of oulation with no or very limited and intermittent water sulies; Pollution: If the ongoing commitment to fund rehabilitation and construction of new treatment lants stos, then there is a high risk that the existing facilities will not be able to absorb any new wastewater quantities. The risk is articularly high in the aza Stri. As a result, the water resources mainly the aquifers and the srings are at risk of irreversible of very costly damage. In addition, very low water consumtion among un-served communities and increased wastewater and solid waste related ollution ut a large number of the communities, and articularly children, at a high risk of contracting water born diseases, such as heatitis A, diarrhoea, arasitic infestation and cholera. Revised Sector Strategy The overall goal is to secure and ensure the continuation of the water suly to vulnerable Palestinian communities and to reduce and / or alleviate the burden on the marginalised communities as a result of the high cost of water, which consumes a large ortion of their income. Imroving the water suly would also imrove the hygiene and sanitation status. This could be achieved through the rehabilitation of water suly infrastructure (water networks, main transmission ielines, ums, boosters, water reservoirs), finding new sources of water suly for those communities that are served through tankers, rehabilitation of wells, rehabilitation of srings, installation of collection cisterns at household or community levels, raising awareness and caacity building. Agencies involved in the CAP revision, such as PH, UNP and Oxfam B, have determined the secific objectives: Secure the rovision of water to the most vulnerable communities throughout the West Bank and the aza Stri, mainly those located near the searation Barrier, in the southern areas affected by the drought and in the Jordan Valley; Imrove the water suly system for the marginalised communities, mainly un-served ones or those that are deendent on the water trucking or harvesting cisterns as the only means to cover their domestic needs; Reduce the losses in the water networks and other water facilities; accordingly additional water would be available and the er caita consumtion would be increased; Alleviate burden on more than 50% of the Palestinian oulation that cannot afford to ay for their water consumtion; Imrove health and sanitation conditions for those communities who do not have adequate wastewater services; Imrove the socio-economic condition for communities living in most critical situation Education Sector Situation Udate Since the Palestinian elections in February, there has been a shar deterioration in the humanitarian situation. Like others, Ministry of Education and High Education (MoEHE) staff have not been aid for 35

40 the last three months, which leads to increasing absenteeism and imromtu. This has generated direct imact not only to the daily life but the normal attern of education. Furthermore, according to OCHA, the number of hysical obstacles in mid May 2006 is 515 from the figure of 376 in August Further mobility restrictions and internal closures within the West Bank and in aza, will negatively imact on access to schools for children, students (including university students) and, teachers. Eventually this leads to a limited access to quality of Education For All (EFA). The sector (education) should kee ensuring and monitoring the rogress related to the EFA agenda. The UN and NOs in site of the available funds do not have the hysical resources to meet the growing gas in the education sectors with marked deterioration in the delivery and quality of service. Following the PA fiscal crisis, a shift in PA riorities may be to the detriment of resources dedicated to education (Millennium eveloment oal 2). Overall imact resulting from the level of PA funding The PA fiscal crisis has already begun to affect the daily function at the central and overnorate level in the overall education system. Insufficient funds to maintain office equiment and official travel and suervision by MoEHE s staff have had to be cancelled or rescheduled; Limited suort has disturbed the normal teaching and learning attern. More assistance to some temorary aroach/institution may result in a sever challenge or even collase of the existing education system. PA officials believe that this may create insecurity or even crisis for the whole territory; Teaching and learning is negatively affected by lowered staff morale lack of salaries. It is observed that increased delay or cancellation of teachers to classroom teaching, which affect immediately the quality of service delivered in school education; The MoEHE oversees more than 80%of all schools including tertiary education. Reoening the new semester in Setember 2006 can be very uncertain due to the limited funds available from the arents and communities as school maintenance requires 50% of school fees contributed by arents; Assumtions related to Palestinian needs and institutional caacity to function The rimary objectives of this CAP remain unchanged i.e. ensuring that all school aged children, esecially girls have access to quality education and comlete their learning; ensuring that the teacher education system is set u and teachers are rofessionally emowered to deliver quality education service; Other education alternatives including technical and vocational educational training (TVET), and related extra-curricular activities are develoed to meet the needs of students and teachers in the most affected areas. However, it is evident that the humanitarian consequences in the education could be more severe. In addition to the quality issue in education, new efforts have to be made to meet the basic humanitarian needs such as shoes and clothing for the oor children in order to maintain retention rate and encourage students continue with their learning. The PA should continue to lay its crucial role to manage the education system while agencies like UNESCO and UNICEF will assist in the delivery of education service with exected quality. Revised Sector Strategy The UN and NOs in site of the available funds do not have the hysical resources to meet the growing gas in the education sectors with marked deterioration in the delivery and quality of service. To revent further deterioration of the overall situation in education and maintain the good level of morale and motivation among the teaching faculties to ensure quality service delivered in education, the following action-oriented strategies are made in the education sector in opt: UNESCO, while continuing to develo a teacher education strategy in opt, they have also made an aeal to conduct their imlementation lan for vocational and technical education and training. This came out as the result of their survey of National Strategy for Vocational and TVET as a key subsector to address the acute needs arising from the current context which indicates the current unemloyment rate is 31% (relaxed definition) but is exected by the World Bank to almost double this year. The funds will suort the smooth imlementation of the TVET National Strategy and reare the students with some technical skills for career develoment when situation becomes better; UNICEF, the eveloment and Particiation of Adolescents Project of UNICEF will set u another eleven adolescents-friendly centres to imlement extra-curricular activities to adolescents who have been denied access to schools, and droouts in areas mostly affected by restriction of mobility. The 36

41 roject will enhance adolescent articiation, encouraging eaceful involvement in the well-being of their community; In addition to the comulsory items to meet the needs for the chronic emergency, the Education Project of UNICEF has revised its aeal and added the ossible rovision of clothing and shoes for school children esecially for girls. The lack of daily necessities caused by the PA fiscal crisis and more restricted movement has started to affect the articiation and retention in classrooms. It remains much more unredictable if the new school semester oens on time in coming Setember unless funding sources are assured and rearation is taking lace by now Coordination Services A Shar Rise in Unemloyment and Increased Poverty In light of the comlexity and uncertainty of the current context, the coordination sector seeks to significantly: Reinforce its monitoring activities of the humanitarian situation on the ground; Maintain the roduction of reliable and focused information to reflect humanitarian and security facts and trends on the ground, emhasising the analysis of the needs of the Palestinian communities; Tighten the coordination linkages among the humanitarian community and the efforts towards emergency rearedness and contingency lanning; Enhance management and coordination caacities with humanitarian agencies. The imrovement of a certain number of strategic tools such as information and coordination databases and the introduction of new ones such as a monthly UN situation monitoring system will allow coordination agencies such as OCHA, UNESCO and UNRWA with close involvement and ownershi of other UN agencies and NOs to monitor the humanitarian needs, the funding and imlementation rogress of CAP rojects. This will enable the humanitarian community to react to shortages and to assist the donor community in identifying gas and riorities. The coordination sector will focus its work to coe with unknown and unredictable context changes until the end of Coordination efforts have already been made to address the dilemmas related to mitigating or not the imact of the Barrier and the closure regime on Palestinian livelihoods. OCHA and all humanitarian artners will be udating the NAF in order to strengthen the analysis of the humanitarian situation until the end of the year and to forecast the changes in needs in

42 3. REVISE PROJECT OVERVIEW 3.1. BREAKOWN BY APPEALIN ANCY Agency Number of Projects Initial Financial Requirements Revised Revised Initial Received Unmet WFP ,434,157 42,275,655 19,370,959 22,904,696 UNRWA ,032, ,034,377 85,766,732 91,267,645 UNICEF 7 9 8,420,454 22,650,185 4,999,250 17,650,935 UNP ,635,740 39,460,800 3,370,000 36,090,800 FAO ,928,000 31,940, ,707 31,462,293 OCHA 1 1 2,866,100 3,500,000 2,226,973 1,273,027 WHO ,901,746 28,109,938 1,050,044 27,059,894 UNFPA 5 6 1,777,000 5,133,600 43,000 5,090,600 UNESCO 2 2 1,010,000 1,548, ,548,510 UNIFEM , , , ,004 UNHABITAT ,800 3,104, ,104,212 UNEP ,000, ,000,000 UNP/PAPP ,600, ,600,000 NOs ,139,841 21,641, ,641,049 TOTAL ,179, ,508, ,463, ,044, BREAKOWN BY SECTOR CAP Original CAP 2006 Review (31 May 2006) (January-ecember 2006 ) (June-ecember 2006) Sector Food Aid Agriculture Water Aealing Agency Initial Number of Projects Current Requirements (million US$) Levels of funding as of 23 June 06* Revised Number of Projects Unmet Requirements (million $) WFP 1 40,434,157 19,370, ,275,655 22,904,696 UNRWA 2 33,858,520 19,700, ,242,801 32,542,485 UNIFEM 1 183, , ,240 CISP OXFAM B Revised Requirements (million $) 1,130,500 1,130, , ,675 Total 4 74,476,277 39,071, ,452,871 57,381,596 FAO 1 440, , , ,529 FAO/UNP 6 18,488, , ,500,000 31,340,764 UNP 2 4,200, PARC 2 2,922, ,922,430 2,922,430 ACH 1 393, , ,500 CRIC , ,738 JUHOU , ,600 TOTAL 12 26,443, , ,897,268 36,419,561 PH 1 6,767, ,094,744 2,094,744 ACH 3 1,470, ,470,000 1,470,000 UNP 2 13,435, ,600,000 15,600,000 OXFAM B ,344,620 4,344,620 Total 6 21,673, ,509,364 23,509,364 38

43 Job Creation and Cash Assistance UNRWA tot. 5 59,377,901 42,369, ,705,528 72,336,325 Job Creation 3 46,554,107 31,319, ,873,304 55,553,353 Cash assistance 2 12,823,794 11,049, ,832,224 16,782,972 UNP 3 9,000, ,460,800 29,460,800 ANERA 1 1,192, ,192,903 1,192,903 CHF 1 1,789, ,789,750 1,789,750 HABITAT 1 657, ,104,212 3,104,212 UNEP ,000,000 1,000,000 CRS ,500,000 1,500,000 World Vision 1 850, ,500,800 1,500,800 Total 12 72,868,354 42,369, ,253, ,884,790 Health WHO 6 1,691, , ,453,172 27,295,304 UNFPA 3 1,357,000 43, ,441,000 4,398,000 UNRWA 1 895, , ,558,360 3,038,187 UNICEF 3 3,360, , ,488,000 12,063,244 MdM-Fr. 2 1,215, , ,230 PMRS 1 376, , ,487 PRCS 1 162, ,600 80,600 Total 17 9,058,185 1,145, ,839,849 47,694,052 Psychosocial UNICEF 3 2,000, , ,425,185 3,111,987 UNFPA 2 420, , ,600 WHO , ,976 MAP-UK , ,472 UNIFEM 1 192, , , ,764 Total 6 2,612, , ,924,233 4,451,799 Education UNICEF 1 3,060,000 1,428, ,737,000 5,308,948 UNESCO 2 1,010, ,548,510 1,548,510 Total 3 4,070,000 1,428, ,285,510 6,857,458 Coordination and Management OCHA 1 2,866,100 2,226, ,500,000 1,273,027 UNRWA 2 900,419 1,313, ,527,688 5,213,868 WHO 1 209, , ,790 Total 4 3,976,399 3,540, ,345,478 6,804,685 Sector Not Secified UNP 0 3,370,000-3,370,000 UNICEF 0 2,833,244-2,833,244 UNRWA 0 21,863,220-21,863,220 WHO 0 892, ,176 Total 28,958,640-28,958,640 TOTAL ,179, ,463, ,508, ,044,665 * Based on financial indications rovided by agencies in the field 39

44 4. APPENIX INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE OF THE RE CROSS (ICRC) PERSPECTIVE The ICRC is equally concerned about the deteriorating humanitarian and security situation in the occuied and autonomous Palestinian territories as a result of the unrecedented olitical deadlock since the Palestinian legislative elections in early 2006 and the ensuing cut-off in ties and funding for the PA. On numerous occasions, the ICRC has clearly stated that, under international humanitarian law (IHL), the State of Israel is resonsible for ensuring that the basic needs of the civilian oulation in the occuied territories are met. If the PA becomes incaacitated to deliver health and social services, humanitarian agencies may be able to alleviate some of the ossible social and economic consequences but they cannot relace the PA in roviding ublic services. This remains the rimary resonsibility of the Occuying Power. The ICRC already has wide-ranging activities and a broad resence across the West Bank and aza Stri with 13 offices and 120 staff. It will maintain ongoing rogrammes and riorities as outlined in the Emergency Aeal for 2006 while at the same time steing u its rotection and assistance activities in resonse to emergencies. In articular, it will substantially increase suort for the PRCS, roviding an additional $3.9 million for a eriod of six months. This will allow the PRCS to continue running its ambulance service, six hositals in the West Bank and aza Stri as well as over 30 rimary health care clinics. The ICRC is currently working on a revised aeal that is going to be launched on 12 June in eneva. This aeal will reresent a 25% increase of the ICRC 2006 overall budget in this context and will also include, among other items, the additional suort to the PRCS. 40

45 5. ACRONYMS AN ABBREVIATIONS ACH AP AI AMA ANERA BLS CAP CBO C CHF CIRPS CISP CPC CP CRIC CRS UNYA EA EFA EMT EQA EU FAO FFT FFW AP BV P oi IAF ICM ICRC IF IA IHL IPM IT ITE IUE JCP JWC Kcal Km LFS MAP M MM MH MIS MoA MoE MoEHE MoH MoP MoSA Action contra el Hambre Area eveloment Programme Avian Influenza Agreement on Movement and Access American Near East Refugee Aid Basic Life Suort Consolidated Aeals Process Community Based Organisations Communicable isease Community Habitat Finance Inter-university Research Centre for Sustainable eveloment, Autonomy & Environment related Technologies Comitato Internazionale Per Lo Sviluo ei Pooli Cam Poular Committees Continuing Professional eveloment Centro Regionale d Intervento er la Cooerazione Catholic Relief Services emocracy in Underserved Neighbourhoods through Youth Advancement Emergency Aeal Education for All Emergency Medical Technician Palestinian Environmental Quality Authority Euroean Union Food and Agriculture Organization Food for Trainin Food for Work ood Agricultural Practices ender Based Violence ross omesstic Product overnment of Israel Islamic Action Front Integrated Coastal Management International Committee of the Red Cross Israeli efence Force Income-enerating Activities International Humanitarian Law Integrated Pest Management Information Technology Initial Teacher Education Institut universitaire d études du déveloement Job Creation Programme Joint Water Committee Kilocalories Kilometres Labour Force Survey Medical Aid for Palestinians Millennium eveloment oal Médecins du Monde Mental Health Management Information Systems eartment Ministry of Agriculture Ministry of Education Ministry of Education and High Education Ministry of Health Ministry of Planning Ministry of Social Affairs 41

46 NAF NC NO NYC OCHA opt PA PalTrade PAPP PARC PCBS PCRS PC PEC PHC PH PHIC PLC PMRS PNA PRCS PST PWA QOL RH RSS SCF SFP SOP STI TFP TIM ToT TVET UN UNP UNEP UNESCO UNFPA UN-HABITAT UNICEF UNIFEM UNLP UNRWA USAI UWAC VAT WFP WHO WVJW YMCA Needs Analysis Framework Non-Communicable iseased Non-overnmental Organisation Neighbourhood Youth eveloment Committee Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs occuied Palestinian territories Palestinian Authority Palestine Trade Centre Programme of Assistance to the Palestinian Peole Palestinian Agricultural Relief Committee Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics Palestinian Red Crescent Society Planning and eveloment Centre Palestine Economic eveloment Comany Primary Health Care Palestinian Hydrology rou Palestinian Health Information Centre Palestinian Legislative Council Palestinian Medical Relief Services Palestinian National Authority Palestinian Red Crescent Society Post Traumatic Stress isorder Palestinian Water Authority Quality of Life Reroductive Health Relief and Social Services eartment Save the Children Fund Sulementary Feeding Programme Standard Oerating Procedures Sexually Transmitted Infections Theraeutic Feeding Programme Temorary International Mechanism Training of Trainers Technical and Vocational Educational Training United Nations United Nations eveloment Programme United Nations Environment Programme United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization United Nations Poulation Fund United Nations Human Settlements Programme United Nations Children s Fund United Nations eveloment Fund for Women United Nations Laissez Passer United Nations Relief and Works Agency United States Agency for International eveloment Union of Agricultural Committees Value Added Tax World Food Programme World Health Organization World Vision Jerusalem/West Bank/aza Stri Young Men s Christian Association 42

47 NOTES:

48 Consolidated Aeal Feedback Sheet If you would like to comment on this document lease do so below and fax this sheet to (Attn: CAP Section) or scan it and us: CAP@ReliefWeb.int Comments reaching us before 1 Setember 2006 will hel us imrove the CAP in time for Thank you very much for your time. Consolidated Aeals Process (CAP) Section, OCHA Please write the name of the Consolidated Aeal on which you are commenting: 1. What did you think of the review of 2006? How could it be imroved? 2. Is the context and rioritised humanitarian need clearly resented? How could it be imroved? 3. To what extent do resonse lans address humanitarian needs? How could it be imroved? 4. To what extent are roles and coordination mechanisms clearly resented? How could it be imroved? 5. To what extent are budgets realistic and in line with the roosed actions? How could it be imroved? 6. Is the resentation of the document lay-out and format clear and well written? How could it be imroved? Please make any additional comments on another sheet or by . Name: Title & Organisation: Address:

49 OF FI CE FOR THE COORINATION OF HU MANIT ARIAN AF FAIR S (OCHA) UNITE NATIONS NEW YORK, N.Y USA PALAIS ES NATIONS 1211 NEVA 10 SWITZERLAN