Consolidated Appeals Process (CAP) The CAP is much more than an appeal for money. It is an inclusive and coordinated programme cycle of:

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4 Consolidated Appeals Process (CAP) The CAP is much more than an appeal for money. It is an inclusive and coordinated programme cycle of: strategic planning leading to a Common Humanitarian Action Plan (CHAP); resource mobilisation (leading to a Consolidated Appeal or a Flash Appeal); coordinated programme implementation; joint monitoring and evaluation; revision, if necessary; and reporting on results. The CHAP is a strategic plan for humanitarian response in a given country or region and includes the following elements: a common analysis of the context in which humanitarian action takes place; an assessment of needs; best, worst, and most likely scenarios; stakeholder analysis, i.e. who does what and where; a clear statement of longer-term objectives and goals; prioritised response plans; and a framework for monitoring the strategy and revising it if necessary. The CHAP is the foundation for developing a Consolidated Appeal or, when crises break or natural disasters strike, a Flash Appeal. Under the leadership of the Humanitarian Coordinator, the CHAP is developed at the field level by the Inter-Agency Standing Committee (IASC) Country Team. This team mirrors the IASC structure at headquarters and includes UN agencies and standing invitees, i.e. the International Organization for Migration, the Red Cross Movement, and NGOs that belong to ICVA, Interaction, or SCHR. Non-IASC members, such as national NGOs, can be included, and other key stakeholders in humanitarian action, in particular host governments and donors, should be consulted. The Humanitarian Coordinator is responsible for the annual preparation of the consolidated appeal document. The document is launched globally each November to enhance advocacy and resource mobilisation. An update, known as the Mid-Year Review, is to be presented to donors in July Donors provide resources to appealing agencies directly in response to project proposals. The Financial Tracking Service (FTS), managed by the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA), is a database of donor contributions and can be found on In sum, the CAP works to provide people in need the best available protection and assistance, on time. ORGANISATIONS PARTICIPATING IN CONSOLIDATED APPEALS DURING 2006: AARREC AASAA ABS Abt Associates ACF/ACH/AAH ACTED ADRA Africare AGROSPHERE AHA ANERA ARCI ARM AVSI CADI CAM CARE CARITAS CCF CCIJD CEMIR Int l CENAP CESVI CHFI CINS CIRID CISV CL CONCERN COOPI CORD CPAR CRS CUAMM CW DCA DRC EMSF ERM EQUIP FAO GAA (DWH) GH GSLG HDO HI HISAN - WEPA Horn Relief INTERSOS IOM IRC IRD IRIN JVSF MALAO MCI MDA MDM MENTOR MERLIN NA NNA NRC OA OCHA OCPH ODAG OHCHR PARACOM PARC PHG PMRS PRCS PSI PU RFEP SADO SC-UK SECADEV SFCG SNNC SOCADIDO Solidarités SP STF UNAIDS UNDP UNDSS UNESCO UNFPA UN-HABITAT UNHCR UNICEF UNIFEM UNMAS UNODC UNRWA UPHB VETAID VIA VT WFP WHO WVI WR ZOARC

5 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY... 1 TABLE I. SUMMARY OF REQUIREMENTS BY SECTOR AND BY APPEALING ORGANISATION IN REVIEW Overarching Priorities of the 2005 Integrated Rftf Humanitarian Appeal Cumulative Result In Terms of Addressing Humanitarian Need Lessons Learned THE COMMON HUMANITARIAN ACTION PLAN The Context and Its Humanitarian Consequences A THE CONTEXT B THE HUMANITARIAN CONSEQUENCES Scenarios Strategic Priorities for Humanitarian Response Response Plans HEALTH WATER AND SANITATION FOOD AGRICULTURE PROTECTION, HUMAN RIGHTS AND RULE OF LAW EDUCATION ECONOMIC RECOVERY AND REHABILITATION SHELTER AND NON-FOOD ITEMS COORDINATION MULTISECTOR REFUGEES, RETURN AND REINTEGRATION SECURITY (INCLUDES STAFF SAFETY, UN MOSS COMPLIANCE) STRATEGIC MONITORING PLAN CRITERIA FOR PRIORITISATION OF PROJECTS SUMMARY: STRATEGIC FRAMEWORK FOR HUMANITARIAN RESPONSE TABLE II. LIST OF PROJECT SUMMARIES BY SECTOR iv

6 ANNEX I. ANNEX II. ANNEX III. THE STATUS OF BENEFICIARIES OF EMERGENCY ASSISTANCE DURING REFUGEE AND IDPS PREFERRED AREA OF RETURN MAP. INITIAL CASELOADS REFUGEES AND IDPS PREFERRED AREA OF RETURN MAP. PENDING CASELOADS ANNEX IV. EX-COMBATANTS PREFERRED AREA OF RETURN ANNEX V. ACCESSIBILITY BY CAR TO COUNTIES ANNEX VI. FEEDER ROAD REHABILITATION ANNEX VII. HUMANITARIAN COORDINATION STRUCTURE ANNEX VIII. LIBERIA HUMANITARIAN COORDINATION SECTION OFFICES ANNEX IX. ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS v

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8 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Liberia stands on the brink of transformation into a fledgling democracy after fourteen years of one of the most brutal civil conflicts of the last decades, costing 250,000 lives, devastating social and cultural life, and all but destroying the country s infrastructure and economy will be not only a challenge for the newly elected Government of Liberia to deliver on its promises, but also a challenge to the international community to ensure the necessary support for a successful transformation. The presence of 15,000 UNMIL peacekeepers and the investment made by the world community has brought stability and peace to Liberia, and also significantly improved access for the humanitarian community. However, despite the progress made during 2005, urgent humanitarian needs still exist. The facilitated return of 314,000 IDPs and more than 270,000 registered refugees is incomplete, with more than 300,000 yet to return. Likewise, reintegration and rehabilitation of ex-combatants is unfinished. A large majority of the population still lacks any access to basic social services and lives in abject poverty; there has been insufficient funding to meet these basic needs. Simmering ethnic, social and political tensions within Liberia are likely to lead to unrest unless issues of inequity, corruption and social and economic deprivation are urgently addressed. The volatile political situation in the region also has the potential to further destabilise Liberia and unravel the gains made so far. The October 2005 elections have the potential to move the country a step further towards long-term stability, self-sufficiency and sustainability. The incoming government will, however, need to address issues of public distrust in Government institutions, fiscal constraints and a long-term need for external assistance to rebuild social and physical infrastructure decimated by the war-years. The adoption of the GEMAP agreement carries much promise in addressing endemic corruption, mismanagement and accountability issues, which were previously raised by donors and international financial institutions. The extended term of the RFTF ends in March 2006 and discussions are underway between the national and international partners of Liberia on the launch of a CCA/UNDAF process as well as an interim Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP) during In view of the time-lines associated with these initiatives, and to ensure sustained donor engagement and continued funding for short-term humanitarian needs, the UNCT decided to articulate the humanitarian needs in this appeal being presented to donors in November These needs will further be mainstreamed into the CCA/UNDAF and PRSP process during 2006 to maintain continuity and complementarity between urgent action and reconstruction needs of Liberia. In addition, UNDP, UNHCR UNICEF, and WFP have developed a Community Based Recovery Programme Joint Action Plan (CBR-JAcP) for effective coordination of community based projects targeting restoration of basic services, protection and support to community structures, productive livelihoods shelter and community infrastructures. This is part of the coordination mechanism mentioned above. Priority humanitarian action in the next twelve months includes providing a basic level of support to the population, including healthcare, water and sanitation, education, shelter, food security, agriculture and livelihood opportunities. The facilitated return and rehabilitation of remaining IDPs and refugees will continue. The reintegration and rehabilitation of ex-combatants is a priority: the future stability and sustainability of Liberian communities and the entire country hinges on this. In order to ensure sustainability communities will be revitalised through supporting capacity building programmes, creating economic and livelihoods opportunities and promoting peace building and reconciliation. Support for Liberian civil society is also a crucial factor, which will enable Liberians to take responsibility for their own governance and the future of their society. To this end the focus is on building the capacity of local civil society organisations, and the national and local level authorities, to ensure some level of accountability and transparency and limit corruption and mismanagement. This is a crucial time to build a strong and dynamic civil society as Liberia s new government takes power, and instruments such as the GEMAP are put in place. Access is an ongoing issue and the rehabilitation and construction of roads and bridges is a priority. Protection and the significant HIV/AIDS problem in Liberia are crosscutting issues addressed in all activities and sectors. This appeal seeks US$ 120,991,657 to address these needs and counts on the continued interest and support of donors to help assure success in meeting the humanitarian requirements of thousands of vulnerable Liberians in The humanitarian community in Liberia wishes to thank OCHA for its assistance in making this appeal possible through the ongoing and invaluable assistance of its CAP Section. 1

9 TABLE I. SUMMARY OF REQUIREMENTS BY SECTOR AND BY APPEALING ORGANISATION Consolidated Appeal for Liberia 2006 Summary of Requirements - by Sector as of 8 November Compiled by OCHA on the basis of information provided by the respective appealing organisation. Sector Name AGRICULTURE COORDINATION AND SUPPORT SERVICES ECONOMIC RECOVERY AND INFRASTRUCTURE EDUCATION HEALTH MULTI-SECTOR PROTECTION/HUMAN RIGHTS/RULE OF LAW SHELTER AND NON-FOOD ITEMS WATER AND SANITATION Original Requirements (US$) 8,863, ,806 4,950,000 7,382,732 23,371,136 51,414,650 10,488,213 7,110,395 6,784,325 Grand Total 120,991,657 The list of projects and the figures for their funding requirements in this document are a snapshot as of 8 November For continuously updated information on projects, funding requirements, and contributions to date, visit the Financial Tracking Service ( 2

10 Consolidated Appeal for Liberia 2006 Summary of Requirements - By Appealing Organisation as of 8 November Compiled by OCHA on the basis of information provided by the respective appealing organisation. Appealing Organisation AHA ARC CCF CCF DRC EQUIP Liberia FAO IOM MDM MENTOR MERLIN NRC OCHA Paradigm of Consciousness Ministries, Inc. Samaritan's Purse SC - UK UNDP UNESCO UNFPA UN-HABITAT UNHCR UNICEF UNIFEM VIA WFP WHO World Hope International World Relief WV ZOA RC Grand Total Original Requirements (US$) 1,640,439 1,235, ,242 3,481, ,000 1,969,000 7,831,000 4,081,000 1,547, ,000 3,473,453 3,220, , , ,000 1,000,000 3,500, , ,574 1,730,000 52,839,650 20,845, , , ,000 3,706, ,000 1,069, , , ,991,657 The list of projects and the figures for their funding requirements in this document are a snapshot as of 8 November For continuously updated information on projects, funding requirements, and contributions to date, visit the Financial Tracking Service ( 3

11 IN REVIEW In 2005 the humanitarian appeal for Liberia, represented previously through the CAP in 2004 and 2003, was merged with the Results Focused Transition Framework (RFTF) programme, following a decision by the UN Country Team. This merger was seen as a way of ensuring complementarities between humanitarian and reconstruction needs of Liberia. In particular, the integration was intended to strengthen the linkages between humanitarian and transitional needs, priorities, and strategies in order to demonstrate a gradual shift of focus from relief assistance to development programmes. At the May 2005 Copenhagen Donor Meeting on Liberia, hosted by UNDP Copenhagen, the Revised RFTF document reported that there had been noticeable progress in key areas, including: access to all counties and districts; disarmament and demobilisation of over 101,495 (children, women and men) ex-combatants; ongoing return and reintegration of over 450,000 IDPs, including unregistered IDPs and spontaneous return of refugees; gradual rebuilding of the capacity of 22 key government ministries, departments and agencies; and the preparations for the all-important October 2005 elections. It was also noted that considerable steps have been taken in the provision of basic services. One of the major conclusions of the Copenhagen Meeting was the need for the National Transitional Government of Liberia (NTGL) and the International Community to address immediately the issues of governance and economic management. With the support of the International Contact Group on Liberia (ICGL), the Governance and Economic Management Programme (GEMAP) was endorsed by the NTGL and ICGL in September The Special Representative of the Secretary General (SRSG) in his report at the September session of the Security Council has referred to the importance of the GEMAP and the robust measures needed to fight pervasive corruption in the financial management of limited government revenues. The protracted negotiations between May and September 2005, which finally culminated in the endorsement of GEMAP, triggered certain reluctance among the major donors to continue supporting reconstruction activities in Liberia with additional contributions. This position was viewed as a serious to the release of funds required for ongoing/supplementary urgent and priority activities) during the period leading up to end of the RFTF period, scheduled to end in March OVERARCHING PRIORITIES OF THE 2005 INTEGRATED RFTF HUMANITARIAN APPEAL The Integrated RFTF Humanitarian Appeal, launched in December 2004, identified four key areas as immediate humanitarian priorities. These are listed below with a description of the progress made towards achieving them. Achieving food security by funding emergency seeding and agricultural implements, in order to promote self-sustenance and reduce dependencies on international aid. From January to August 2005, WFP distributed 3,049 MTs of food in order to alleviate food insecurity for 80,185 people through its Food Support for Local Initiatives. Recovery programmes in the agricultural production of food crops include a variety of vegetables, while land and swamp rice production is continuing through the provision of certified seeds, implements and training, as well as extension services. This sector was well coordinated with seeds and tools provided by FAO to farmers in an effort to increase rice production for self-sufficiency (see Annex I). WFP has been issuing food commodities to prevent the farmers from consuming the seeds provided by FAO. In addition, those farmers who were engaged in rice and or cassava production have been receiving WFP food assistance. ICRC distributed 120 MTs of food for 7,500 families in July and August as Food for Seed Protection. From its own resources the ICRC distributed 1,400 MTs of seeds and 120 MTs of food to more than 65,000 households (400'000 beneficiaries) all over Liberia. Though progress towards this goal is being achieved, sustained long-term effort is required to ensure food security is a reality for Liberians. Providing basic services in primary health, education, water and sanitation in counties of return not only to meet the urgent needs of host communities, but also to encourage greater returns. The most positive advance during the year has been the significant improvement in the security situation, giving increased access to humanitarian actors than in This has enabled actors such as UNICEF, for example, to provide educational materials to over 1 million children, and its education programme for girls has assisted almost 1,000 classroom instructors, including 600 women, to complete their primary school teaching credentials. Furthermore, Accelerated Learning Programmes have been implemented in more than 125 community schools in seven counties. Over a thousand 4

12 teachers have been trained to provide psychosocial services to children associated with fighting forces. A countrywide measles vaccination campaign has reached approximately 1.5 million people throughout Liberia 1 and similar polio eradication campaigns have been conducted. However, despite achievements such as these, and the efforts of many agencies and organisations, the gap in basic social services remains vast. Local capacity to deliver services, particularly in remote and inaccessible areas, is very low and only slowly improving. The absence or weaknesses of line ministries at the regional or county level is a key issue that needs to be addressed. A major concern is the number of and lack of qualifications of teachers and health workers, who are being asked to perform at a level well above their training. Inadequate salaries and poor infrastructure are additional areas of concern. Support for the process of return and reintegration by way of transportation for returnees and social and physical infrastructure including emergency shelter. More than 210,000 of the 314,000 IDP s have been given initial assistance to return home by December More than 40,000 refugees have been assisted to return to their country and their homes 2 while more than 160,000 have returned spontaneously. Most of the IDP camps have been closed down and there is evidence that a significant number of people have returned to their counties of origin. The roads in rural areas, however, are in deplorable condition making return extremely difficult during the height of the prolonged rainy season. Shelter programmes have been limited in scope and also require a heightened level of funding to revitalise a housing stock that has deteriorated because of the conflict. Offering ongoing support and assistance to those remaining in IDP camps with special attention to women and children. Support was provided for IDPs throughout year by NGOs running the camps and UN agencies through their implementing partners. Emergency funding was, however, required for shelter and water and sanitation facilities damaged in the rainy season. This need was only partially met. By the end of 2005, many service providers will have reduced, or discontinued, their programmes in IDP camps, due to the camp population having returned home. It is projected that by the end of April 2006, all of those intending to return to their place of origin will have vacated the camps and returned home with a return assistance package. Efforts in providing services to communities will, therefore, need to be accelerated, and special attention paid to vulnerable groups 2.2 CUMULATIVE RESULT IN TERMS OF ADDRESSING HUMANITARIAN NEED Achieving food security in the country is a long-term goal that, nonetheless, given the arable land and the available labour, is certainly attainable. Significant efforts are, however, needed to repair and maintain Liberia s road infrastructure, including bridges, in order to transport products to markets and agricultural inputs to communities. It should be noted though that even prior to the war, Liberia imported some staple foods. Provision of basic social services is a complex goal that will require long term and sustained efforts, political commitment and dedicated national resources if it is ever to be self-sustainable. Presently, 90% of basic health care services provided are made available by international organisations, externally funded and mainly staffed by internationals. The idea of paying for services is a difficult concept, especially when cash income is scarce in most families. Many of the talented Liberian professionals have abandoned the country and must somehow be encouraged to return to fill vacant posts, although this will be difficult. The need for capacity building is a common and urgent need across all basic social service sectors. Extensive training must also be undertaken to ensure that those performing technical tasks have the relevant competencies. Likewise adequate remuneration is required to retain staff. The process of assisting IDP and refugees to return has made significant progress, while at the same time there have been substantial obstacles due to insufficient allocation of resources and inadequate planning. It appears that many refugees are waiting for the results of the elections before they return. Security in areas of return does not appear to be a problem, yet the state of the roads certainly has hampered returns during the long rainy season, lasting from April to October. Lack of basic social services in rural areas is also a determining factor for the displaced delaying their return, particularly if these services are available in camps. 1 The measles campaign was conducted by the Ministry of Health, supported by UNICEF 2 IDP figures, IDP Unit, Humanitarian Coordination Section UNMIL October 2005, Refugee figures, UNHCR Liberia October

13 It is reasonable to expect that by the end of April 2006 there should be a limited numbers of IDPs remaining in camps. The process is now well established and the funding is available to provide the essentials of the initial return package, consisting of food, NFI and the transport allowance. Follow-on assistance programmes that focus on their resettlement must accelerate the pace of economic recovery through improved social services, increased productive capacity and increased employment opportunities if returns are to be successful. IDPs have consistently indicated that they want to return as soon as it is possible for them to do so. The pace of the return process has been contingent on the availability of resources to provide the above packages and, as indicated above, the retention of the returnees in their areas of return will be dependent on the presence of basic social services, viable livelihoods and economic opportunities. Assistance programmes have already begun a gradual shift toward community-based programmes to support all members of the community. Overall, programmes implemented by humanitarian actors to address the priorities listed above, have had varied levels of success. While overall conditions have improved in the country, much remains to be accomplished in a desperately poor nation, within which most of the population struggles every day to survive, in spite of enjoying abundant natural resources. With access improved to all of the country in the dry season, numbers of those at risk have visibly declined. It is difficult to measure the precise impact of humanitarian action, as there is a paucity of base line data in all sectors. Concerted efforts to improve data collection, analysis and dissemination are, therefore, essential if humanitarian issues are to be better designed, targeted and monitored. The Humanitarian Information Centre, HIC, is working to improve the ability to monitor and evaluate the results and impact of on-going humanitarian programmes. In Liberia humanitarian goals in the short term should be encompassed in a vision of helping local citizens meet their immediate life-saving needs, helping them to develop the capacity and the tools necessary to eventually sustain themselves. Supporting women to participate in economic and social development activities should be given priority. 2.3 LESSONS LEARNED The general strategy of continuing to address the significant and urgent humanitarian needs of the population, while moving ahead with a recovery and reconstruction phase has created a foundation, albeit a fragile one, for development. The transition of UN OCHA into the Humanitarian Coordination Section (HCS) of UNMIL in late 2004, generated some concern amongst humanitarian actors regarding the preservation of humanitarian space, given the political and security mandate of UNMIL. The HCS has made considerable effort to rebuild the humanitarian coordination structure and to gain the necessary political acceptance and commitment within UNMIL to address humanitarian priorities and consolidate its relationship with humanitarian actors. Yet, making the necessary linkages between immediate and more medium term benefits of rehabilitation and reconstruction is still to be fully realised. If future changes are to occur, it is imperative that sufficient prior planning and consultation is undertaken, and that humanitarian space continues to be preserved and respected. There is a need to address the dual purposes of speeding up refugee and IDP returns. It should be considered whether further return activities should coincide with the dry season in order to create a favourable environment for families to re-establish their lives in areas of origin. Despite the best efforts, there was limited restoration of state authority at the county level leading to lack of capacity, supervision and control for delivery of public services and the expansion of employment opportunities at the local level. In order to create the conditions for sustainability, significant time and resources must be put into capacity building for basic service provision in communities. Engagement of national Government counterparts in the implementation of plans and programmes, as foreseen in the Integrated RFTF Humanitarian Appeal, was not encouraging, mostly because lack of capacity within the Government. Furthermore, the perceived lack of interest on the part of the Government towards the implementation of the integrated RFTF recovery and humanitarian programme had a detrimental effect on donor motivation to move the process forward. This resulted in uneven and patchy achievement of the targets and benchmarks foreseen in the revised RFTF. In order to generate conditions conducive for sustainable return - i.e. the retention of returnees in their areas of return for the long-term - community driven development, reintegration of war-torn communities, and provision of basic services at the county level is needed. This will create conditions 6

14 necessary to sustain the returns process and resuscitate communities and social structures devastated during the strife. The general lack of confidence in Government institutions underlines the need to quickly establish solid Government authority able to deliver credible services. Confidence in the peace process will to some extent hinge on the new Government of Liberia being able to provide peace dividends. Peace and democratic development in Liberia is of great importance to the stability of the whole West-Africa region. Continued funding of humanitarian priorities will hold the key to consolidating and expanding the gains of peace, achieved at a very high cost in Liberia. At the end of 2005, the international community would have spent in excess of US$ 2 billion on the peacekeeping effort alone. Ensuring that the gains of this investment are not lost, requires continued and comprehensive efforts across political, security, humanitarian and development dimensions. 7

15 3. THE COMMON HUMANITARIAN ACTION PLAN 3.1 THE CONTEXT AND ITS HUMANITARIAN CONSEQUENCES 3.1.A The Context Liberia s recent history of political chaos and civil strife is well documented. Since the military coup in 1980, the country has experienced a period of intense, yet sustained political, economic, and social disruption. The lack of sound governance, and the consequent insecurity and poverty, remain the main challenges faced by the people of Liberia, along with persistent abuses of human rights, displacement, disruption and delays in the re-establishment of civil, social, and economic structures. The population remains deeply distrustful of government and public institutions given the high levels of corruption, impunity and lack of accountability demonstrated by many of those in positions of power. Although the calm and stability provided by the UNMIL peacekeeping presence has provided a level of basic security for all, and created space for humanitarian actors to work, there remains a significant need for basic social services, such as health, education, water and sanitation and employment opportunities. The successful return and reintegration of refugees and IDPs, as well as the reintegration of ex-combatants is also a priority. Linked to this is the revitalisation of communities; providing opportunities for self-sufficiency through income-generation and building capacity for livelihoods and agricultural production, and post-conflict peace-building activities are key. The national capacity to respond to the crisis and the commitment and ability of the NTGL to attend to humanitarian issues and open up protection space has been limited. Following the October elections, the new government of Liberia is due to be inaugurated on 6 January 2006, but it is not expected to be fully functional, or able to assume any significant responsibility for addressing humanitarian needs for a period of many months. Liberians are finally preparing to for the inauguration of a new Government in January 2006,, following almost two decades of conflict and gross violations of human rights by all sides. Amnesty International recently warned that "Voters need to know where the candidates stand on critical human rights issues so that they can make the best choice for peace -- and eventually hold the new government accountable to its promises of peace. At the same time, the international community must give greater support to the work of the UN in Liberia to ensure a smooth transition to a new, elected government." 3 Below is an overview of major issues faced by the Liberians today. Displacement and Social Marginalisation Civil conflict in Liberia, as well as prolonged regional instability, has displaced hundreds of thousands of people as refugees and IDPs. Although the facilitation of the return process is well under way, a slow pace of repatriation to Liberia as of September 2005 is, according to UNHCR, being attributed to the decision of the refugee population to await the outcome of the elections. Poor road conditions and heavy rainfall in Liberia are additional factors determining the pace of return. It is, however, anticipated that there will be an upsurge in the number of persons opting to return to Liberia following the elections. As of 1 October, more than 210,000 IDPs had so far have been assisted to return home and an additional 100,000 will receive assistance in terms of food, transportation grants and repatriation packages 4. The more difficult process of successful reintegration into communities and the revitalisation of those communities remains a key challenge. Photo: Young Liberian Boy, Monrovia, 2005: Eric Kanalstein, UNMIL. A factor pivotal to maintaining peace and security is the successful reintegration and rehabilitation of ex-combatants. This includes providing alternative livelihood options, sufficient access to basic social services and community-based, conflict resolution and peace-building programmes. Ex-combatants are part of a class of marginal young people who currently lack faith in any kind of institution. A recent 3 Amnesty International: Liberia: Violence, discrimination and impunity, 19 September IDP Unit, Humanitarian Coordination Section UNMIL October

16 social assessment found that at the core of the Liberian problem lies with this significant section of the population. They consider family; marriage, education, markets and the administration of justice have all failed them. Many have preferred to take their chances with various militia groups under the law of the survival of the fittest. 5 Strengthening social institutions destroyed or corrupted during the war years and providing space for these institutions to develop into forms that are more relevant to the contemporary Liberian context is paramount. Lack of Good Governance The links between economic malfeasance and the terrible violence that has plagued much of West Africa for fifteen years are irrefutable. A recent ICG report states that like a disease, the greed of the Liberian political class infected the country's semi-literate youth, who had been left to their own devices until Charles Taylor and other warlords appeared on the scene. These figures brought the getrich-quick mentality from the government to the masses via bush war, where fighters were literally paid in looting and the permission to take women and girls as "bush wives" or sexual slaves The culture of impunity has permeated every level of society, and Liberians need many years' work to purge it. 6 Liberia s pervasive culture of impunity is further compounded by the lack of a functional judiciary, a weak and under-resourced police force, no functional professional armed force, and the continued absence of rule of law. Endemic corruption within Liberian governing circles is a critical issue contributing to the ongoing humanitarian crisis in Liberia. The NTGL has demonstrated weak fiscal management and has been unable to curb systemic corruption, denying the Liberian population of many of the basic services that should have been provided to them and jeopardising the possibility of accessing much needed international assistance. The signing of the GEMAP agreement in September 2005, by the NTGL and international partners (including UN, US, EU, AU, ECOWAS, IMF and WB), is designed to address the problem, at this critical juncture in Liberia s history. Infrastructure and Humanitarian Access What little of Liberia s assets and physical infrastructure that survived the conflicts and were not looted or destroyed are now in a serious state of dilapidation. The country remains without water utilities, sanitation systems or electricity supply. Most of the social and community infrastructure has been destroyed: homes and public buildings have been severely looted, secondary and feeder roads dilapidated, decrepit market places and farms neglected. Photo: World Food Programme Trucks, Lofa County, September 2005: Cephas Stewart, UNDP Liberia The state of Liberia s road network is a severe hindrance for humanitarian programmes and the revitalisation of the economy. Poor roads and bridges, exacerbate by heavy seasonal rains, leave many rural areas in Liberia inaccessible. This situation affects the ability of communities to access markets and basic social services, delaying the revitalisation of these communities and their prospects for self-sufficiency. Likewise humanitarian actors are restricted in their ability to access isolated communities to provide basic social services or emergency relief. The state of the roads also impedes the returns process. The stability and improvement in the security situation has made humanitarian access possible to all parts of Liberia. Nonetheless, there are security issues that may impede access in the future, notably outstanding reintegration of ex-combatants, unresolved ethnic tensions and property disputes. The lack of access may have led to a skewed and inequitable distribution of humanitarian action, but this is difficult to discern given the lack of reliable data from inaccessible areas. Human Rights and Protection Issues The series of conflicts in Liberia have involved widespread violation and abuse of human rights and international humanitarian law by all parties. This has included: deliberate and arbitrary killings; 5 Community Cohesion in Liberia: A Post-War Rapid Social Assessment, January World Bank, Social Development Papers, Conflict Prevention and Reconstruction, Paper no Liberia s Elections: Necessary but not Sufficient, International Crisis Group Report, Africa Report no. 98, 7 September

17 disappearances; torture; widespread rape and sexual violence against women and children; arbitrary detention; forced recruitment and use of child soldiers; systematic and forced displacement; and the indiscriminate targeting of civilians. Lack of economic opportunity and the dislocation of communities have increased women s vulnerabilities in terms of lack of access to land and trade, forcing many into commercial sex work. Some of the risks and threats faced by children include harmful traditional practices (early marriage, arranged marriage, female genital mutilation etc), trafficking, child prostitution, child abuse and exploitation, forced recruitment, abduction, arbitrary and illegal deprivation of liberty etc. Reports of gender-based violence and abuse of minors continue to be received from all parts of the country. Regrettably, the Liberian legal system has processed only a few of the reported cases, owing in part to police inefficiency, as well as an inadequate judiciary. Moreover, victims are often reluctant to report instances of rape and other human rights abuses for fear of being stigmatised. The culture of impunity created by the conflict combined with the deficient rule of law institutions, underscores the need for a protection framework to address the plight of vulnerable populations. Traditional beliefs as well as the impact of the war years contribute to the complex issue of violence and abuse within families in Liberia, presenting a serious protection challenge. Poverty, Economic Disparities Liberia is one of the most impoverished countries in the world, with the number of those living on less than US$ 1 amounting to 76% of the population. This figure has increased from 55% from 1997/98 and is indisputably a by-product of the conflict. More than 90% of the Liberian population survives on less than US$ 2 per day. 7 The collapse of the economy has led to unemployment rates estimated to be as high as 85%. The poor are primarily found to be in rural areas, where they lack basic services and adequate shelter, and survive by subsistence farming. The majority of farmers are women who have had few opportunities to develop more advanced farming mechanisms, and thus will remain below the national poverty line without targeted assistance, while Liberia will remain one of the most food insecure countries in the region. The poverty experienced by a majority of Liberia s population will no doubt have profound effect on people s coping mechanisms, health, security and personal development. It should also be remembered that economic inequities and disenfranchisement in the past helped fuel the conflict. The absence of economic opportunity could, therefore, lead to future political instability. It should be noted that the narrow measure of a monetary value on poverty does not capture other aspects of social deprivation such as e.g. the lack of shelter, social acceptance in the community or vulnerability to exploitation. Children are particularly vulnerable, for example, there have been reports that school girls are willing to engage in commercial sex work to pay for school fees. Vulnerable Groups It is recognised that many of the most vulnerable groups within Liberia s population are overlapping and that given the high levels of poverty, lack of access to basic services and the impact of war on virtually the entire population, one might argue that almost all Liberians are vulnerable in one form or another. Furthermore, changes and improvements in the status of vulnerable groups are difficult to describe and measure given the paucity of baseline data. However, indications can be given by looking at the overall humanitarian situation in terms of stability and access, improvements in basic services in some areas, and drawing on the information gathered and analysis offered by humanitarian actors. 7 Millennium Development Goals Report 2004, Government of Liberia

18 Figure 1: Vulnerable Groups in Liberia Population Group Analysis of vulnerability since 2005 IDPs IDPs are vulnerable by the virtue of their predicament, and their dependence on external assistance and protection. They are further vulnerable in transit to their areas of origin and in these areas as they will need assistance to establish livelihoods and reintegrate with their communities. Liberian Refugees and Besides specific protection needs, refugees have many of the needs of refugees in Liberia IDPs as enumerated above and will need the same services to reduce Population Living in Abject Poverty Children and Youth Rural Communities Women their vulnerability. The very high levels of poverty in Liberia, as quoted above, and the lack of sustainable livelihoods leaves a large proportion of Liberia s population dependent on external assistance in food aid and other types of emergency assistance. The very high levels of infant and under-five mortality gives a clear indication of the vulnerability of children. Likewise, figures from year 2000 show that malnutrition is widespread: 39% of children under 5 are stunted, 26% underweight and 6% severely wasted 8. Lack of education, lack of life skills training, and high levels of poverty and unemployment also leave the young vulnerable to several forms of exploitation. Rural communities, particularly those that cannot be accessed by road, are vulnerable because of their lack of access to basic social services and livelihoods. These communities coping mechanisms will be further stretch with an influx of returnees. Women in Liberia continue to suffer from sexual and gender based violence, propagated by the conflict and the lack of protection from rule of law institutions. Likewise girl children, as reflected in the above enrolment data, continue to be provided less opportunity than boys in terms of educational opportunities. Furthermore, women lack equal opportunities to skills training and economic assistance, as well as employment opportunities in both public and private sectors. Considering that many Liberian households are led by women, this has a significant impact on the family s ability to cope. 3.1.B The Humanitarian Consequences Displacement Displacement and return is a continuing humanitarian issue. The 14-year conflict in Liberia displaced up towards one-third of the population. Though a majority have been able to return -with the aid of humanitarian actors, a large number of people remain outside their places of origin (see Annexes 2 and 3 showing IDPs and refugee population indicated areas of return, in 2004 and 2005 respectively). A further 217,000 9 registered Liberians refugees are to return from neighbouring countries. In addition nearly 15, refugees have sought asylum in Liberia from conflicts and insecurity in the region. The influx of the displaced back to their areas of return has already and will in future strain the already inadequate basic social services provided in these areas. Urgent action is therefore needed to address high levels of morbidity and mortality described below in Figure 3. 8 Nutritional Survey figures quoted in Integrated RFTF Humanitarian Appeal 2005, UN and Government of Liberia. 9 UNHCR Liberia, September UNHCR Liberia, October

19 Figure 2: Social Indicators 11 Comparison with Least Developed Countries (LDCs) and Sub-Saharan Africa Indicator Liberia LDCs Sub-Saharan Africa Life expectancy (2003) 42.5 years 49 years 46 years GNI per Capita Infant mortality Under five mortality (2003) Maternal mortality Adult literacy (5) (200) Access to safe drinking water (%) (2002) Access to improved sanitation (%) Net Primary School enrolment attendance (%) (2000/1) 14 Net Primary school enrolment girls as ratio of boys ( ) 15 Reintegration and Rehabilitation of Ex-Combatants Though more than 73,000 ex-combatants have been, or are being placed in rehabilitation and reintegration projects funded by bilateral partners, or are being accommodated in projects covered by the Disarmament, Demobilisation, Reintegration and Rehabilitation (DDRR) Trust Fund managed by UNDP, some 26,000 ex-combatants have not been able to participate in these programmes due to funding shortfalls amounting to US$ 10.2 million. Unless the ex-combatants are successfully reintegrated they may continue to threaten stability in Liberia in Unemployment amongst youth (15-24 years old) is very high at 88% and although rehabilitation and training of ex-combatants is undertaken, the success of reintegration will largely hinge on creating economic opportunities within the communities they have returned to, or are intending to return to (see Annex IV for preferred areas of return for ex-combatants). In terms of programmatic focus, rehabilitation and reintegration activities involving female combatants require special attention as the first year s experience indicates that women and girls are clearly under-represented as beneficiaries so far. The drop out rate of female excombatants from programmes or formal education is significantly higher than male ex -combatants. Additional support is also needed for former combatants in prisons as this group represents 35% of inmates and currently no support structure is in place to cater for the special needs of this group. Support is needed to address shortfalls in funding for the deactivation of 2,866 unqualified Liberian National Police (LNP) Officers amounting to US$ 3.9 million and shortfalls in funding for the deactivation of 831 unqualified SSS amounting to US$ 1 million. For each, the shortfalls equal current requirements. Additionally, there is a need to support the completion of basic training for 3,500 LNP officers by end of April 2007 and for the renovation and new construction of permanent structures for 150 police recruits. Economic Hardship The lack of economic opportunities, possibilities for sustainable livelihoods, abject poverty and food insecurity in rural communities, may not only lead to unrest but also to migration to urban centres, stretching already threadbare social and physical infrastructure. It is estimated that 76% of the Liberian population survives on less than US$ 1 per day. Levels of under nourishment were recorded at 46% in The RFTF reported in 2004 that Malnutrition remains on the increase with severe wasting estimated at 0.9% and wasting at 18.2% among children under WFP estimate that more than 834,000 people will be in need of food assistance in 2006 (excluding food for work activities). 11 All the figures in the left column are referenced from the data sheet for Liberia in the Millennium Development Goals Report 2004, Government of Liberia The two right columns sourced from The State of the World s Children 2005, UNICEF GNI is used here for comparison rather than GDP (USD 2003) 13 Maternal mortality adjusted all data from State of the World Children for comparison 14 MDG Liberia 2004 for year 2000/1 15 State of the World s Children, UNICEF 16 Integrated RFTF Humanitarian Appeal 2005, UN and Government of Liberia 12

20 With less than 10% of the arable land in cultivation, there is ample potential to redress the endemic food insecurity situation. Lack of Basic Social Services Lack of basic social services may also pull rural populations towards the urban centres, stretching already inadequate services there. At the beginning of 2005 only 280 health care facilities were operational as opposed to 420 prior to the war. Lack of access to primary health care combined with poverty leads to high levels of morbidity and mortality. Life expectancy currently stands at 41 years, which is considerably lower than that of the LDC average of 52 years. Infant mortality stood at 157 per 1,000 live births in year 2003 as compared to the LDC average of 98. Likewise, under-five mortality at 235 per 1,000 live births is considerably higher than the LDC average of A burgeoning issue is the spread of HIV/AIDS. The widespread practice of rape during the conflict has no doubt accelerated the spread of the HIV/AIDS. It is generally recognised that the official figure of a prevalence of 8.2% is too low and that a more realistic figure could be a high as 12% 18. Lack of access to safe drinking water is a major contributor to the high levels of morbidity and mortality in Liberia. It is estimated that only 24%of the population have access to safe drinking water and less than 5% of the population have access to hygienic sanitation 19. Waterborne diseases such as diarrhoea cholera and dysentery are endemic in Liberia. The overall and prolonged decline in social sector delivery is also reflected in the education sector. Three quarters of schools were damaged during the conflict and only 20% of teachers are qualified as teachers. The majority of public schools lack teaching materials and qualified staff, and most public schools in the rural areas are depilated, needing major renovation or reconstruction. Because of a lack of facilities and coverage only a quarter of primary school-age children are estimated to be in school. There are also gender imbalances in school enrolment; of the net enrolment 24% of girls are enrolled compared to 30% of boys. Moreover, only 35% of the boys and 27% of girls who enrol in grade one complete grade five. This data also shows that many more girls drop out of schools than boys. The disparity in adult literacy rates, 50% for men and 26% for women, by the same token serves to illustrate the unequal relationship between men and women. There are urgent humanitarian needs across Liberia. The lack of basic social infrastructures is not isolated to any county or region. Nonetheless, the key return areas (see Annex I) and the areas inaccessible to humanitarian actors indicate the need to prioritise these areas. The paucity of data on service ratios and quality of services underlines the need for further data collection and needs analysis to provide better prioritisation and targeting of humanitarian action. 3.2 SCENARIOS Most Likely Scenario Peace Consolidated, Humanitarian Needs Remain The October 2005 elections are largely peaceful, and the outcome is accepted by the majority of Liberians. A new government is in place within six months, but is hamstrung by limited capacity and resources, and is initially unable to assume full administrative responsibility. The GEMAP may not be fully supported or implemented by a new Government. Some trade sanctions on natural resources are lifted, however the economy will remain sensitive to price changes in imported commodities, resulting in price fluctuations in essential goods. Employment growth is slow, with few opportunities for sustainable livelihoods and overall limited change in the socio-economic situation of most Liberians. The extension of UNMIL s mandate ensures a basic level of security and stability throughout the country, keeping a check on simmering social and political tensions. IDPs continue to return to areas of origin, but large numbers remain in Monrovia, straining social and physical infrastructure. Some refugees and IDPs delay their return depending on post-election stability; however, those returning are assisted in the resettlement and reintegration process. Conflicts in neighbouring Côte d Ivoire, and possibly Guinea drive people across the borders, putting stress on local host communities resources and coping mechanism and also those of humanitarian actors. With a new government and demands for political and economic reform, including the implementation of GEMAP 2006 will be a transitional year. These changes, and political uncertainties, will contribute 17 All figures from State of the World s Children, UNICEF Millennium Development Goal Report 2004, Government of Liberia Estimates from UNICEF survey undertaken in 14 /15 counties 2004/2005, UNICEF

21 to a cautious approach by donors. However, urgent needs will remain in all sectors and funding shortfalls will mean humanitarian agencies are not able to adequately meet the needs of the population, causing further suffering and potential unrest. There will be little improvement in the state of Liberia s roads, vital to ensuring humanitarian access to the regions, facilitating return and economic recovery. Heavy rains from May to October will continue to impede access to the regions. Best Case Scenario Peace and Stability, Inclusive Social and Economic Recovery Peaceful elections result in the restoration of a significant level of government functions and capacities. Partners to GEMAP meet obligations, increasing levels of accountability, transparency and fiscal management. A national recovery plan is drafted and its implementation initiated. Donor confidence also increases, leading to continued funding commitment in Liberia. Sanctions are lifted, aiding economic recovery and stability. Security is ensured by the new government and the continued presence of an UNMIL peacekeeping force. A functioning judiciary, police and armed forces are able to maintain law and order and tackle the widespread culture of corruption and impunity. Other countries in the region remain stable and peaceful. The Truth and Reconciliation Commission is functioning and accepted as a legitimate body in bringing to the fore the causes and impacts of the conflict. Charles Taylor is extradited to the Special Court in Sierra Leone. Basic infrastructure are improved or expanded, including the restoration of electricity in Monrovia. The regions are made accessible by road, greatly aiding service providers to ensure access to basic services. IDPs return to their place of origin and over half of Liberian refugees in neighbouring countries return. An inclusive reintegration, rehabilitation and recovery process contributes to the revitalisation of communities, furthering sustainable livelihoods. Employment levels and food security improves. Worst Case Scenario Breakdown in Security, Humanitarian Crisis Internal and external factors combine to destabilise the peace in Liberia. Instability in the region spills over Liberia s borders. Elections are contested, leading to violence and disorder in the main centres and possibly a resurgence of militia groups leading to full-scale conflict. Disputed elections alternatively produce a new Government that is weak and fails to demonstrate sound fiscal and social management, produce peace dividends or address divisive ethnic or economic issues. Failure of the reintegration and resettlement process to provide economic opportunities or basic livelihoods for excombatants and youth, financial insecurity, rising costs of basic commodities may also feed into the renewal of latent conflicts. The disengagement of the international community, including the withdrawal of UNMIL from Liberia, and failure of the Government to maintain public order also has the potential open space for renewed violence. Repatriation and resettlement processes halt and renewed internal displacement takes place, as well as cross-border population movement. Large-scale and serious social deprivation, human rights violations and protection issues across the country persist. Vulnerable groups, especially women and children, are hit hardest. Instability limits access for humanitarian actors, and this situation is exacerbated in the counties by the poor condition of roads. Donors are reluctant to provide funding in the increasingly unstable environment, resulting in food insecurity and a further deterioration in access to basic social services. A full-scale humanitarian crisis ensues; the humanitarian community in Liberia has insufficient capacity or resources with which to respond. 3.3 STRATEGIC PRIORITIES FOR HUMANITARIAN RESPONSE Humanitarian action in Liberia during 2006 will continue to provide relief and basic services to vulnerable and war-affected populations. Humanitarian agencies will support the reintegration of returnees and revitalisation of local communities, and concentrate on developing the capacity of civil society to promote good governance at all levels and build on the foundations laid for sustainable peace. The goal is to strengthen the Government s national and County-level capacities in order for it to provide for the population on a sustainable basis, enable self-governance and, moreover, empower Liberians to build a strong and vibrant civic culture. It is recognised that humanitarian action will need to be comprehensive and integrated in order to produce this outcome. It is therefore envisaged that a community-based approach will be the main thrust of humanitarian action, enabling synergies between the various sector activities within communities. 14

22 Provide Basic Social Services to Vulnerable Populations This means: improving levels of basic social services in communities; increasing access to basic social services through rehabilitating infrastructure; ensuring that community based initiatives are sustainable through establishing community support mechanism, local commitment and capacity building; providing formal and non-formal educational opportunities for over aged children and youth given the lack of education opportunities during the conflict period. Revitalise Communities to Become Sustainable, Secure and Productive This entails: facilitating the sustainable return and reintegration of IDPs and refugees; addressing the causes and effects of conflict on children and communities through providing trauma counselling and life skills training, formal and non-formal education and peace building activities aimed at breaking the cycle of violence; providing inputs, training and micro-finance for the support of sustainable livelihoods; ensuring sustainable return through supporting low cost shelter, protection, sustainable livelihoods and access to basic services Strengthen the Capacity of Civil Society and Local Authorities to Support the Recovery Process There are a number of dimensions to meeting this strategic priority, these include: protection supporting the Government to provide space for protection activities and establishing a comprehensive protection framework; rule of law enabling authorities and civil society to have debates and openly address issues of corruption through sensitisation on the GEMAP process and supporting structures that will tackle the culture of impunity; supporting peace building and reintegration activities and conflict prevention measures and mechanisms, this includes supporting the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) as a means to bring public discussion around and closure on issues pertaining to the conflict. In order for the above strategic priorities to be reached, it is also recognised that coordination between the humanitarian actors is paramount. This includes strengthening information exchange and enhancing data collection and monitoring at all levels. It also includes integrating aspects of gender equity, the issues of HIV/AIDS and environmental sustainability into project design and implementation. A key crosscutting issue in all humanitarian activity in Liberia is providing access to communities and social infrastructure for humanitarian actors and also providing access for communities to amenities. This means primarily the rebuilding and rehabilitation of road infrastructure, which serves to strengthen communities through providing economic opportunities and linking them to each other as well as the outside world. Likewise, protection is a crucial crosscutting issue; all three strategic priorities aim to address issues of vulnerability, and a major focus of Strategic Priority three, is placed on tackling the glaring absence of functional rule of law institutions. Indicators The individual objectives and their corresponding indicators in the sector response plans are designed to gauge the progress towards meeting the strategic priorities. In this context it is important to note that the intention is not to focus on outputs but outcomes, i.e. the impact that humanitarian action will have and that this action addresses concomitantly issues of needs and also equitable distribution across the country. Measuring impacts is a challenge given the absence of base line data on key indicators in many sectors. 15

23 3.4 RESPONSE PLANS HEALTH Photo: IDP Health Clinic, Montserrado County, 2003: PARACOM. Background and Needs Analysis Fourteen years of conflict have contributed to the deterioration of health care services in Liberia. In the last two years there has been a gradual expansion in humanitarian emergency health actions to accessible areas of the country. However, the health care delivery system is still in the emergency phase and is heavily reliant on additional external resources in order to increase primary health care coverage and build human and institutional capacity. The health care system in Liberia is highly dependent on support from Agencies and NGOs, which currently implement more than 90% of health service delivery. Access to basic and secondary health care services is still a major problem as more than 75% of the population has no access to referral care services such as essential and emergency obstetric care. This situation has resulted in some of the highest infant (157/1,000 live births) and maternal (580/100,000 live births) mortality rates in the world. Childhood malnutrition is high with 39% of children under five stunted, 86% of children 6 23 months anaemic and 53% deficient in vitamin A. The prevalence of HIV/AIDS is conservatively estimated to be around 8.2% and lack of information and services such as care, support and counselling needs to be addressed urgently if the epidemic is to be controlled. Other factors such as growth in the commercial sex work industry, limited condom use, stigma and misconceptions, is further contributing to the rapid spread of the disease. Presently there is no national procurement policy for medical drugs and supplies, which would ensure their uninterrupted provision. In addition, the lack of a functioning comprehensive surveillance of vaccine preventable and other diseases creates a difficult health care environment. The possible implications of a lack of action in the Health Sector would mean the continuance and potential increase in gaps in the provision of services, especially among vulnerable and isolated communities. Lack of coordination and information sharing between humanitarian actors will result in geographical and thematic gaps in the provision of basic services, as well as the potential duplication of services. The implications of not addressing the high rates of preventable disease, early mortality and poor nutrition, are multifarious and wide-reaching and include hindering economic growth and development and severely affecting the possibilities for community rehabilitation and revitalisation. The top priorities in the sector are to support basic community health care services, to improve coordination and surveillance mechanisms, to rehabilitate health infrastructure, through local capacity building and to improve drugs supply and nutrition. Response Strategy Agencies active in the health sector will continue to support the Ministry of Health and Social Welfare (MoHSW) to improve coordination of health sector actions, emphasising active partnership, operational information sharing, surveillance and mutual technical support in the management of priority health issues, including gender considerations. An overall strategy in Liberia is increasing the presence of supported health services to create a comprehensive coverage across the country. With this comes a crucial need to strengthen the coordination of health care and nutrition activities, especially in the area of emergency preparedness and response. Capacity building, both human and institutional, remains paramount as a core crosscutting strategy in order to build upon the foundations for creating sustainable health care services. MoHSW and WHO, in partnership with UNICEF and NGOs, will continue to promote the primary health care (PHC) approach to management of the most common diseases, with emphasis on integrated management of childhood diseases and the rehabilitation of basic health infrastructure. UN agencies and NGOs in collaboration with the MoHSW and County Health Teams will continue to provide basic health care, targeted emergency referral care services and health and nutrition 16

24 promotional activities among the population. In addition, attention will be given to expanding on local capacity building efforts for the health and nutrition sector. Organisations Participating in the Sector UNFPA, WHO, UNICEF, UNHCR, WFP, Africa Humanitarian Action (AHA), EQUIP Liberia (EQUIP), Médecins du Monde (MDM), Malaria Emergency Network For Technical & Operational Response (MENTOR), MERLIN, Paradigm of Consciousness Ministries, Inc. (PARACOM), Samaritan s Purse, SCF UK, World Vision, IOM. Objectives and Indicators 1. Objective - Provision of basic health services: Expand health care support, rehabilitation and institutional capacity building activities to ensure coverage for all Counties while increasing the access of Liberians to community, primary and secondary health care services, including psychosocial and mental health care, from 69.4% 20 to 85% of the population. Indicator: 85% of the population has access 21 to basic health care services 2. Objective - Health Systems Support: Improve coordination mechanisms among Health Sector stakeholders in order to strengthen the capacity of national and local health infrastructures, supporting and re-establishing the national and county health coordination meetings, and developing a sustainable essential drugs supply system Indicator: 75% of pre-war health facilities are rehabilitated and equipped with essential qualified staff, drugs, medical supplies, and equipment 3. Objective - Surveillance Strengthen routine epidemiological surveillance, nutritional surveillance, early warning systems, response mechanisms, and outbreak investigation systems through improving the capacity of national and county-level health teams in 15 counties to monitor disease trends. Indicator: 80% of all health facilities submitting weekly surveillance reports for analysis by the Ministry of Health and Social Welfare and WHO 4. Objective - Reproductive and Child Health Reduce the maternal mortality rate from 578/100,000 to 520/100,000, the under-five mortality rate from 194/100,000 to 175/100,000, ensure the proportion of 1 year olds immunised against measles exceeds 60% and the proportion of acute malnutrition is under 10%, through improving reproductive health services, re-introducing the integrated management of childhood illnesses, and strengthening Synchronised National Immunisation Days and Expanded Programme on Immunisation (EPI) 22 Indicator: Maternal and under-five child mortality rates decrease by 10% 5. Objective - HIV/AIDS and Primary Co-infections (TB and Opportunistic Infections) Nationwide presence of HIV prevention and education programme including Voluntary Counselling and Testing (VCT), Information, Education, Communication (IEC) and Behaviour Change Communication (BCC). Indicator: HIV prevalence rate among women attending antenatal care sentinel sites decreases 20 MDG report 2004, Government of Liberia, Defined by number of functional health facilities and combined catchments area populations 22 Data will come from the DHS 2006, the release date is to be determined 17

25 Monitoring Continuing health surveillance, as well as the MoHSWs in conjunction with WHO, UN agencies and NGOs collecting, managing, analysing and responding to the data; Surveys of beneficiaries, health care coverage, systems and service providers; Weekly County and Monthly National Health Sector Meetings; County Health Teams will monitor the community health systems; Work with other initiatives such as the Global Fund to facilitate County Health Team monitoring; Monthly updates of the Who does What, Where database and mapping on present and planned activities in the Health Sector based on coordinated input from the health sector actors WATER AND SANITATION Photo : Boy carrying water, Fedel IDP Camp, 2005 : Erik Kanalstein, UNMIL Background and Needs Analysis Liberia has very low coverage of safe water and hygienic sanitation in both rural and urban settings. Additionally, there are relatively few agencies with sufficient technical and/or logistical capacity operating in this sector. According to current estimates, only 31% (55% urban and 10% rural) of the population have access to safe water and less than 25% of Liberians have access to adequate sanitation. Between 45% and 65% of the water facilities are not functional since they were vandalised during the war as a result of lack of spare parts, and the lack of technical knowledge, have not been repaired. A 2004, assessment conducted in 60 districts of 10 Counties showed that an estimated population of 1,386,000 could regain access to safe water if non-functional and looted hand pumps are repaired or replaced across the country. Apart from some parts of Monrovia (which has retained some low-level capacity), urban centres are without access to piped water, with looted and destroyed distribution systems still not repaired or restored. Urban poor communities are faced with challenges for excreta disposal, and manholes in Monrovia are being abused for dumping excreta and garbage. Many latrine facilities are lacking, and do not cater satisfactorily to the needs of the different groups within the community, in particular women and girls, and the elderly. Adolescent girls in schools may skip school due to lack of suitable toilets and water to address their sanitary needs including cleanliness and comfort. Girls may be further disadvantaged as they help to provide secondary care to sick family and community members. Besides the lack of basic social services access to safe water, there is also a striking lack of basic health and hygiene awareness amongst the population, despite the efforts of several NGOs in camps as well as in rural Liberia, the results are very limited. Part of the problem is existing traditional beliefs, and the resulting lack of awareness regarding safe hygiene practices, contributes to high rates of water-borne disease. Diarrhoea, for example, is endemic and responsible for 22% of the deaths among children. The government and local authorities are at present limited in their capacity to actively engage in addressing these issues. The implications of not activating this plan include lack of adequate basic water and sanitation facilities in communities, contributing to disease and ill-health; communities continuing to practice poor hygiene, so that water-borne and sanitation related diseases such as cholera, typhoid and diarrhoea will continue to contribute to high child mortality rates; schools will experience reduction in attendance due to illnesses; communities and civil society actors, including local authorities, will continue to lack the capacity to deal with water and sanitation issues themselves and thus continue to be dependent on outside aid and assistance. 18

26 Main Priorities Water Restoration of lost coverage, including the restoration of water pumps and pipe-borne systems in urban centres; Provision of quality drinking water; Operations and maintenance training and capacity building, to ensure community selfsufficiency and sustainability; Excreta disposal systems for urban communities, large settlements and rural communities and training on construction, and re-designing of latrines; Increasing hand-washing facilities next to latrines. Hygiene Promotion Development of a sanitation and hygiene policy for the country and national guidelines on sanitation and hygiene promotion; Promoting hygiene at the community level through awareness raising activities; Training of teachers in participatory approaches to hygiene promotion; Strengthening the MOH to assume the full responsibility of coordination and monitoring sanitation and hygiene. Strategy The WATSAN sector aims to tackle the priority needs outlined above through activities which also link directly into the overall Strategic Priorities. In terms of addressing the basic needs of the population, the strategy is to provide safe drinking water through protecting dug wells, to prevent water contamination, and repairing hand pumps and pipe-borne systems. Sector actors will work together to ensure that there are adequate latrines in schools, health facilities and communities. The design of many latrines currently in use fails to adequately address the protection and accessibility needs of needs of women and girls, the disabled and the elderly, which has limited the use of toilet facilities by females in schools and in homes where latrines exist. Therefore focus will be placed on re-designing latrines to make them more user-friendly. In addition, increasing hand-washing facilities within proximity of toilets in the schools and in the community will increase hygiene levels and limit disease transmission. The sustainability and revitalisation of local communities, especially in areas of refugee and IDP return will also be addressed, through strengthening awareness within communities on hygiene and disease prevention. Proposed actions include: increasing coverage of hygiene issues in the school syllabi at all levels of education and training; clean up campaigns and competitions; and engagement of the mass media (through radio talks, poems, songs, drama and radio-spots). Organisational and management training as well as operations and maintenance training (O&M) will ensure that the community has adequate skills to make certain that the water points are well-maintained by beneficiary communities. This strategy will include actual skills training, the development of training manual and guides, and the establishments of management systems at community levels for the water point users. Training in construction skills will be given to all the partners, who will then provide training skills to the local workers (as training on the job) at the construction sites. Capacity building for civil society in order to strengthen local authorities ability to deal with WatSan matters, issues is also a central concern. Capacity building within the MOH will be supported to coordinate and monitor specific issues related to hygiene and sanitation within their mandate. Organisations Participating in This Sector UNICEF, UNHCR, WHO, MOH, MRD, MLME, Solidarités, CCF, IRC, ARC, CONCERN, OXFAM, ACF, Local NGOs Objectives To repair or replace 1,000 hand pumps that were destroyed or looted during the war in all 15 Counties by the end of 2006, with community based maintenance mechanisms; To involve the sector specific GOL Ministries in the coordination and monitoring roles for water and sanitation programming; To promote and entrench participatory approaches in hygiene promotion and surveillance of environmental diseases, through awareness raising in key Counties; To ensure basic access to water and sanitation in schools, and large communities by constructing 400 latrines in schools and assisting 500 school catchment communities with latrine slabs. This will be done using improved structural designs of latrines so as to be able to cater adequately for the children (especially the girl child), the elderly and the disabled. 19

27 Indicators All data will be disaggregated to show age and gender; Epidemiological charts for cholera and diarrhoea, disaggregated by gender and age; Number of Counties with functional community-based hand pump maintenance systems; Number of hand pumps restored to use or replaced; Number of teachers trained in hygiene promotion techniques; Number of community hygiene sessions conducted in various communities. Monitoring This will be conducted through field visits and epidemiological data collected by the EPI Info Unit in the Ministry of Health (MoH) FOOD The food helps me forget about the long distance walk from my village to the clinic. WFP female beneficiary, Bong County, Central Liberia, 2005 Background and Needs Analysis Food insecurity in Liberia is the result of a number of factors, which include continued disruption of agricultural systems due to the displacement of farming communities, limited access to food due to absence of market mechanisms, high unemployment and lack of economic opportunities, socioeconomic dislocation and the breakdown of family and community coping mechanisms especially among IDPs who have been displaced, in some cases, up to seven times since April While there has been no country-wide assessment of food insecurity, a number of surveys in the most recent past have proven that access to food is limited and there are greater numbers of people who can only afford one meal a day. In March 2004, WFP carried out a rapid vulnerability survey of 10 spontaneous IDP settlements confirming the urgent food needs of the IDP population. A study 23 in February 2005 indicated that the food security situation was uncertain in Lofa County which will host the largest number 24 of returning IDPs and refugees as well as ex-combatants. The study also revealed that less than 20% of the population consumes adequate levels of food. The majority (>70%) of the surveyed households have unsatisfactory consumption patterns characterised by less food diversity, high (over 60%) expenditures on food items at the expense of other basic needs, low frequency of daily food intake, low household asset holdings (mainly limited to utensils and other relatively less valued household goods), less reliable income sources etc. There is high dependency on food purchases and other relief sources with limited own production reported by the communities. Government resources are very limited since the 14 years of war has ravaged the country of human and material assets to design, implement and monitor projects at the central level. At the local level, the situation is much worse since the presence of the government is still remote and the structures and institutions are yet to be revitalised. Priorities Provide food aid to cover needs of vulnerable groups (IDPs, returnees, mothers and young children); Provide food for agriculture and cash crops, rehabilitation of community-based farms and restocking of household livestock; Provide food for work projects to improve rural infrastructure and access to remote communities; School feeding (to encourage children, especially girls, to attend school); Training of women in income generating activities and the provision of start up packages. 23 January and February 2005 Vulnerability Analysis & Mapping led by WFP in collaboration with MOH & SW, UNICEF, IMC and ACF 24 According to HIC study in 2004 about 210,000 people selected Lofa County as their preferred destination 20

28 Strategy The primary goal of the food assistance strategy proposed for Liberia is to reduce food insecurity for vulnerable households and strengthen their resilience through increased agriculture production and access to food including food aid. The strategy aims at contributing to the transition process - from emergency through recovery to development. The current humanitarian operation is gradually shifting from free food distribution and aiming towards a more targeted coordinated approach which would encourage the development of self-reliance while meeting the household food requirements. Emergency targeted interventions will continue, and include: general rations for IDPs and refugees in camps; repatriation and resettlement packages for refugees and IDPs; and selective feeding through therapeutic and supplementary feeding to improve the nutrition and health status of children and mothers. The IDPs resettlement and repatriation programme is expected to be phased out by April Refugees will continue to return and will receive their four-months food packages. such as providing Food interventions aimed at building stronger more viable communities will continue through Food For Work (FFW) activities in order to assist communities to rehabilitate / open rural roads, bridges, schools, health facilities, water sources and shelter. A priority for 2006 is to ensure that special attention is given to women, and in particular to skills training for women-initiated income generation activities. WFP has been conducting sensitisation campaigns in all the camps encouraging issuance of ration cards to female members of households and collection of food rations by women themselves. In the second week of September 2005, Buchanan in Grand Bassa County recorded an 80% turnout of women IDPs collecting their family food ration, which indicates that this is a positive initiative. Photo: School Feeding Programme, 2005: Eric Kanalstein, UNMIL. Some NGOs are already planning recovery projects including assistance through income-generation schemes. ICRC is planning to distribute 1,000 MTs of seed rice and 1,000 MTs of rice for food for 40,000 families (240,000 individuals) living in communities highly affected by returning refugees and IDPs to restart farming and to preserve enough seeds for the 2007 planting season. Premiere Urgence will mainly use Cash for Work in its activities to help returnees provide a livelihood for themselves in Gbarpolu and Grand Cape Mount Counties. With the fragile political situation in the region, humanitarian organisations are also considering a worst case scenario and have prepared a contingency plan to cater for a caseload of 50, ,000 refugees entering Liberia from adjacent countries where political and social tensions are high, and there is a strong chance that the situation may deteriorate. Organisations participating in this sector: WFP, UNICEF, UNHCR, FAO ICRC, PU, CRS, ACF, GAA, NRC, ADRA, WVL, LWS, UMCOR, LRRRC, LIURD Objectives To stabilise and improve the nutritional status of malnourished mothers and children, especially pregnant and lactating women and children under the age of five years, IDPs, Returnees and school-going children; To support communities in high re-settlement counties to improve food production, through the provision of seeds, tools & implements; To support the rehabilitation of basic infrastructure, i.e. feeder roads to improve access to markets, services and food distribution points. 21

29 Indicators Disaggregated by gender, age and geographical locations where feasible Number of meals consumed by vulnerable persons per day; Quantity of food delivered, and percentage planned food distributed; Number and percentage of vulnerable persons receiving seeds and tools; Number of persons with livestock and domestic animals; Quantity of tubers and rice (staples) harvested in 2006; Basic consumer goods available and access to available food commodities; Percentage of household expenditures allocated to food purchases by vulnerable households; Number of bridges and length of road segments rehabilitated to access distribution points/sites. Monitoring Agencies involved in food assistance are planning to improve the targeting of populations in need of assistance through monitoring to ensure that the limited resources are used in an effective manner and benefit the most vulnerable regardless of their status. Data collection and monitoring will be undertaken by all partners through: Household food security and nutrition surveys; Weekly market price collection for a select number of commodities in selected rural markets; Food production study Crop and Food Supply Assessment led by WFP and FAO at the end of December 2005; FAO, UNICEF and WFP and other partners including the government will undertake a countrywide Vulnerability Assessment Mapping/Nutrition survey in the first quarter of Results will be available mid-2006; Baseline food security vulnerability assessments are being planned for the first half of 2006 and WFP plans to undertake evaluation of activities in 2006; UNDP, UNICEF, UNHCR and WFP are taking a complete inventory of the projects and programmes with a focus on a more integrated approach to community-based rehabilitation. Action plans are already being drafted and some already signed with key partners, to maximise benefits of complementary programmes AGRICULTURE If someone is hungry, [they] will complain in the first day, try to steal in the second day and start to fight in the third day - cited by a participant in an Agricultural Sector Workshop organised by FAO, September Background and Needs Analysis The Liberian agriculture sector has been significantly damaged and held back by the prolonged civil conflicts which left surviving farmers severely vulnerable. Liberia remains among the most food insecure countries in the world, with less than 10% of the arable land being cultivated. The priority needs of the agriculture sector during 2006 have been identified on basis of the assessments carried out over the past few months and according to the FAO database for tracking emergency agricultural interventions in Liberia, which provides updates on the needs and gaps in terms of geographic locations and activities. It is also based on the initial findings of the recent nation wide Assessment of Emergency Interventions in the Agriculture Sector. These sources provide strong evidential support for the need for emergency assistance of agricultural inputs including seeds, tools and agrochemicals, combined with strengthening of agricultural extension services and training. Specifically, at least 171,000 farmers in the 15 counties of Liberia will need emergency assistance at varying degrees. Additionally, support id needed for the returnees who are expected to return during Such assistance is very crucial to support the production of rice, the country s staple food, during

30 Increased support to facilitate rehabilitation of the sub sectors of fisheries, livestock including restocking of small ruminants, poultry and piggery are among the priority needs of this sector. The same level of support is also required for crops other than rice including vegetables, tuber and root crops. The need for capacity building and strengthening of local NGOs and CBOs in the rural areas including Farmers Unions, Cooperatives and Rural Women s Organisations will continue to exist. The failure to achieve satisfactory levels of increase in agricultural activities and enhancement of productive capacities will result in food shortage, malnutrition, increased sickness and loss of lives, increase in unemployment and crime rate in the communities. These implications together will eventually represent a potential threat to the peace process. If coordination in agriculture emergency interventions, strengthening of the data warehouse and establishment of community-level data base for monitoring and planning purposes are not realised, the present information gap will continue to exist. Necessary statistics for community agricultural planning will not be available. Subsequently, the development and implementation of a long-term programme for the recovery of agricultural sector will be seriously constrained. Response Strategy As Liberia progresses through the transition period, the livelihoods of many people, specifically in rural areas, will depend on the evolution from an approach centred on access to humanitarian assistance to one that depends on building the capacity of Liberians to be self-sufficient. Achieving food security in terms of availability, access and utilisation is a central issue in the agricultural sector strategy. The sector s strategy for 2006 is two-fold. Firstly, to address the needs of those who opt to return to their rural communities during 2006, and those who already returned during 2005 but did not receive assistance and physical resources (seeds and tools) to restart their farming activities and produce their own food Another category targeted for assistance in 2006 are those who were eligible for assistance but were either not assisted or received partial assistance due to limited resources. Secondly, to address structural issues within the agricultural sector including rehabilitation and strengthening of institutions, infrastructures, gender mainstreaming and rebuilding of agricultural production capacities. Agencies involved in emergency activities in the agricultural sector including the Ministry of Agriculture, UN agencies, and International and Local NGOs, will embark on an integrated approach through coordination and consideration of the comparative advantages of each of the actors in the sector. Figure 4 SUMMARY OF THE BENEFICIARIES FOR EMERGENCY Gender Breakdown ASSISTANCE IN AGRICULTURE Male Female Total Beneficiaries who received satisfactory package of assistance during ,031 27,576 25,455 53,031 Beneficiaries who received partial assistance during ,535 54,878 50, ,535 Eligible beneficiaries not assisted in ,561 34,092 31,469 65,561 Total Number of Beneficiaries to be assisted in ,096 88,970 82, ,096 Organisations Participating in this Sector Strategy ACF, CCF, CONCERN, CRS, GAA, ICRC, LWF/WS, NRC, SC-UK, ADA, WV, WFP, UNHCR and FAO are participating organisations. More than 80% of the activities of these organisations are concentrated on rice production with varying degrees of involvement in vegetables, tubers and roots crop production. Activities on other sub-sectors such as livestock, poultry, fishery are at minimum levels with most of the organisations. 23

31 Objectives Increase agriculture production in communities through out the country with a focus on the counties of high records of returnees (Lofa, Bong, Grand Gedeh, Grand Cape Mount, Monserrado, Bomi, Gbarpolu, Maryland) through engagement of returnees, ex-combatants and other war affected populations (estimated at 172,000) in agricultural activities; Improve agriculture infrastructure in communities including roads, storage and marketing facilities in at least ten counties; Strengthen the capacity of institutions to assist farmers with extension services/training through training of at least 73 district extension officers to benefit at least 140,000 farmers through the country, and, to ensure the presence of the Ministry of Agriculture (MOA) in the field through rehabilitation of 4 regional, 15County and at least 30 district offices during the next year; Enhance productive capacities and increase of yields by at least 50% through introduction, multiplication and distribution of improved, disease resistant and short maturing varieties of crops, and improvement of post-harvest technologies in at least 10 counties; Strengthen coordination in agriculture emergency interventions through enhancement of the existing coordination mechanisms including national and County Agriculture Coordination Committees, upgrading and continuity of the data warehouse; Establish community-level database for monitoring and planning purposes, through support of the statistics department at the Ministry of agriculture with equipment, staff training and deployment of field monitors in 73 districts. Indicators The following indicators will be disaggregated by gender, age and geographical locations where feasible: At least 50% reduction in the demand for Food Aid; Evidence of increase of locally produced Agriculture commodities by at least 30%; At least 2 market roads become more viable in each district; Percentage increase in rice production by 30%; At least 70 extension technicians trained and assisting farmers at district level; Future plans developed for the sector s recovery on basis of reliable statistics and findings of nation wide assessments. Monitoring Activities and outputs of objectives will be the subject of monitoring that has to be carried out by stakeholders, Government, Agriculture Coordination Committee (ACC) including Community Representatives, donors, implementing partners and beneficiaries will include the following: Focused group discussions, on-the-spot or field observations, reviews of NGOs quarterly reports and sample surveys using structured questionnaires are to be organised by the Agriculture Coordination Committee and the Technical working Group in the first and second half of Crop and Food Supply Assessment are to be organised in the third quarter of next year by FAO and WFP in collaboration with the Ministry of Agriculture and other stakeholders in the sector PROTECTION, HUMAN RIGHTS AND RULE OF LAW Background and Needs Analysis During Liberia s widespread-armed conflict serious Human Rights Violations and grave breaches of International Humanitarian Law plagued the country resulting in a breakdown of judicial campsites, killings and massive displacement. Protection of the displaced population is still an urgent need, in particular vulnerable groups such as teenage mothers, children and young girls. It is also critical that protection and monitoring efforts are extended to both camps and return areas. Photo: Young women and children, Liberia, 2005: Eric Kanalstein, UNMIL. 24

32 Reintegration of ex-combatants, refugees and IDPs continues. With the majority of IDPs assisted to return and the significantly increase in facilitated return of refugees, it is expected that the need for reintegration activities will drastically increase in Over the past decade, thousands of children have been separated from their parents and years of conflict have weakened or eradicated positive community values and structures, such as the protection of the extended family. The conflicts have led to a boom in the number of orphanages, most with extremely low standards and dubious mandates. There is clearly a need to address and extend child protection. Rooted societal values increase the vulnerability of girls and women to abuse, particularly sexual abuse. Children and their families have very limited livelihood opportunities and some experience hunger on a regular basis. Engaging in transactional sex activities is not an unusual coping mechanism for girls as young as 12 years old. As a consequence of the breakdown of rule of law there is an urgent need to rehabilitate and strengthen the judicial sector, including courts, prosecutors, police and correctional facilities. There is a critical need to increase the number of qualified judges and other judiciary staff. Moreover the need to support training and capacity building within the field of Human Rights are important needs. With Liberia adapting a large number of the UN Human Rights documents there is an urgent need to harmonise national legislation with international human rights and humanitarian standards. Response Strategy The agreement by UNHCR to take the lead in the protection of the displaced population in the camps, during return process and in areas of return will further in enhance a collaborative response with other UN Agencies and NGOs to continue to promote the rights of IDPs, returnees, refugees. UNHCR will continue to support the government to assume primary responsibility for a full protection regime for refugees. The UN Agencies and NGOs will implement community empowerment programmes; provide skills training and other income generating activities. Humanitarian actors will support national human rights, advocacy and civil society organisations, through training, projects, and provision of material assistance. Within the areas of human rights humanitarian and refugee law, there is an obligation for Liberia to incorporate international standards in national legislation. This will establish a national judicial practice that can serve as a guarantor for minimum protection for Liberians. UNMIL, UN Agencies and the Protection Core Group will support national efforts to harmonise national legislation to fully reflect international standards. In regard to sexual and other types of exploitation, in collaboration with the Ministry of Gender and Development and the Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, key protection agencies and NGOs will promote mainstreaming of gender, health/social welfare and HIV/AIDS issues. Objectives UN Agencies and NGOs will support prevention and care activities to address sexual exploitation in communities and schools in all counties; UN Agencies and the Protection core Group will secure referral support mechanisms for victims of human rights violations, sexual exploitation, displacement and vulnerable groups. Assisting survivors of abuse and advocacy of gender mainstreaming will continue; UN Agencies and the Protection Core Group will advocate and support drafting of national legislation to include international human rights standards; UNMIL will support the Truth and Reconsolidation Commission (TRC) to carry out hearings with nationwide fact finding and research, interviews with witnesses and victims; UNHCR, NGOs and other UN Agencies will promote and facilitate return and resettlement of IDPs. Provide continued support to IDPs in camps until return is facilitated. 25

33 Indicators The majority of returnees and IDPs have returned or resettled and are integrated in the respective communities of their choice with minimum antagonism with host community members; An increased number of Liberian returnees to country of origin and reintegrated in counties of return; The repair/renovation of judiciary buildings is planned and ongoing; Training of judges and judiciary staff have started and is ongoing; Key activities of the TRC supported; work facilitated and ongoing; Asylum and Appeal Committees of the Liberian Government reactivated. Some local authorities and law enforcement personnel have acquired knowledge of refugee law and have adopted a framework of the treatment and handling of refugees; Enhanced cooperation between UNHCR, UNMIL and implementing; partners on protection and human rights; Care and maintenance activities are implemented for all refugees in Liberia, and where applicable durable solutions sought. Participating Organisations Activities will be undertaken by a wide range of partners including UNHCR, UNDP, UNICEF, WFP, UNMIL, IOM, OXFAM, SCF-UK, IRC, ZOA, NRC, DRC, CCF and IMC. UNHCR will take the lead role in guiding the vision of the CAP, UNDP provides development support; UNICEF provides support to initiatives in favour of women and children. WFP provides food aid to the general and vulnerable population. UNMIL provides overall supervision and co-ordination. Monitoring The UN Agencies and other members of the Protection Core Group (PCG) are primarily responsible for coordinating monitoring and response activities, at the central and county level. Nonetheless, UNHCR remain the chair of the protection sector meetings in Liberia and have a lead role on protection and monitoring efforts of displaced population. Developing a holistic and coordinated monitoring tool with the principal objective being to provide timely and accurate information, including periodic reports and assessments is ongoing and will be prioritised EDUCATION Background and Needs Analysis Despite the introduction of the Free and Compulsory Primary Education in Liberia Policy, access to education by the children of Liberia is still very poor. The Rapid Assessment of Learning Space (RALS) conducted by UNICEF in 2004 found only a quarter of primary school-age children in school. Moreover, only 35% of the boys and 27% of girls who enrol in Grade One complete Grade Five, an indication that that many more girls drop out of schools than boys. One effect of the prolonged conflict in Liberia and the region is the burgeoning number of children, now projected at over 500,000, who missed the opportunity to attend school and are now too old to be in the class they are expected to rejoin. Children under five years do not have opportunity for cognitive stimulation through early childhood development programmes in preparation for primary schooling. Acute shortage and poor geographical distribution of child-friendly learning spaces and qualified teachers continue to undermine access to quality education by the children of Liberia. Three quarters of schools in Liberia were damaged during the recent conflict. At least 250 schools still require reconstruction of major rehabilitation. Only 20% of teachers in public primary schools are qualified. Poor remuneration continues to discourage teachers, particularly those displaced from schools located in rural or remote areas from returning to their respective schools. Books and other scholastic materials were also looted or destroyed. Children traumatised as a result of the armed conflict are not receiving adequate psychosocial support. In addition, Photo: Boys at school, Nimba County, 2005: Imogen Prickett, UNMIL. HIV/AIDS education is currently not given the emphasis and amount of time needed by children and teachers to effectively curb the spread of the disease. The capacity of the Ministry of Education to effectively administer and support provision of education is still grossly inadequate. 26

34 Adult literacy rate is estimated at 37% (male 50%, female 24%). The low primary school enrolment rates coupled with poor quality of education puts, Liberia (with a pyramidal population structure) amongst a select group of countries where there are more literate adults than children. Over the last two years, humanitarian actions supported 68% (2,620) of schools to reopen through emergency rehabilitation of learning spaces, provision of water and sanitation facilities, provision of school furniture and, implementation of the back-to-school programme and implementation of the emergency school feeding programme. These actions enabled at least 963,000 children (47% girls) to enrol in school, supported orientation of 13,000 teachers and training of at least 620 teachers to C Certificate level. In addition, a total of 48,095 children (45% girls) from eight Counties had, by March 2005, enrolled in the accelerated learning programme (ALP) a catch-up programme designed to support overage children complete primary level education. UNICEF supported Early Childhood Development (ECD) programmes in which 10,000 children from the largest IDP camps have so far benefited. Specific concerns that hinder increased access to quality education therefore, include shortage of qualified, trained and committed teachers; inadequate and poor state of educational facilities such as furniture, water and sanitation facilities, textbooks, recreational and other scholastic materials; inadequate curriculum to provide HIV/AIDS education, life skills and psychosocial support programmes for children and teachers. The majority of parents and guardians cannot afford to meet the cost of educating their children, including providing the child with a nutritious meal per day while in school. Girl s education has been greatly affected by pregnancy, early marriage and preference by some parents to keep the girls at home to undertake household chores. The capacity of the education management information system (EMIS) to provide quality of education statistics is lacking. The capacity of the Ministry of Education, County and District Education Offices to effectively coordinate, administer and supervise the education sector and ensure that funding and other resources reach the target schools, children and teacher is insufficient. Three categories of children are of particular concern: children who missed the opportunity to attend school and are still out of the education system; children who are currently displaced or are returning to their respective communities where there are limited or no educational facilities; and the girl child. Emergency support to the education sector is critical not only to effectively occupy the large number of children and youth who are currently idle thus, reducing their likelihood of a return to conflict, but also to prepare ground for medium and long term development of the country through development of educated and versatile human resource base. Response Strategy The proposed education sector actions seek to contribute to the Millennium Development Goal of achieving Universal Primary Education and Promoting Gender Equality and Empowerment of Women, and to supporting World Fit for Children Goal of Providing Quality Education. To improve access and quality of education Continue expansion of child-friendly learning spaces; Promote the right of school-going age children, particularly girls to quality education; Implement of training programmes for ALP and C certificate primary school teachers; Procure and deliver furniture, emergency school supplies for instruction, teaching, learning, sports and recreation; Promote school health and hygiene through provision of water and sanitation facilities to ALP schools; Support operation of exiting ECD centres in IDP camps pending closure of the camps; Increase children s concentration and learning abilities, through the provision of at least one nutritious meal a day and take home ration for girls to encourage retention of girls in schools. To provide HIV/AIDS, Life skills and Psychosocial support to affected children Support consolidation of HIV/AIDS, life skills and psychosocial education initiatives in order to promote effective learning; Provide recreational kits and support establishment of facilities to support peaceful coexistence amongst children/the youth. 27

35 To Strengthen Education Sector Management and Support Supervision Strengthen the capacity of MOE personnel through training at the national, County and district levels in management, supervision and monitoring; Review and revise the national educational curriculum; Mobilise Parents-Teachers Association and Schools Management Committees; Rehabilitate Zorzor Rural Teacher Training Institute; Strengthen the EMIS to include education resource tracking. Implementing Partners The Ministry of Education coordinates and supervises implementation of programmes in the education sector. UNICEF, UNESCO, UNHCR, WFP, UNDP/UNOPS, USAID, ECHO and other external support agencies provide the resources required for emergency education. International and local NGOs such as FAWE, CAP, COHDA, NRC, IRC, DRC, LTI, SC-UK, YWCA, ADRA, LNRC, IBIS, VIA are active in the education sector. Objectives To increase girls enrolment by 10% (or 50,000) and overall access to quality primary education for children aged 6 14 years by 30% (or 236,000); To enrol 65,000 children into ALP and train 600 ALP teachers; To provide education opportunities to 30,000 secondary school children, who have just returned to their respective communities following displacement by the conflict; To provide HIV/AIDS, life skills and psychosocial teaching-learning package that promotes children s peaceful coexistence and effective learning in 1,000 schools; Strengthen the capacity of the Ministry of Education in the 15 Counties and 2,000 communities to effectively support implementation of emergency education programmes. Indicators Enrolment rates by sex and programme (formal education, ALP, ECD); Retention, completion and achievement rates by sex and programme; Pupil trained teacher and school facility (classroom, textbook, latrine stance, desk) ratio; Number of children benefiting from life skills, psychosocial and HIV/AIDS programmes; Functioning Education Sector Monitoring and Support Supervision System. Monitoring Monitoring will be based on data collected through the EMIS. Implementing partners, jointly with the MoE representatives will monitor activities, assemble the requisite statistics and report to the Education Sector Coordination Meetings held once every two months. There will be a sectoral midterm review of progress made and end of year evaluation of the programmes. 28

36 3.4.7 ECONOMIC RECOVERY AND REHABILITATION Background and Needs Analysis As a consequence of Liberia s civil war, productive capacity and basic infrastructure have been severely damaged: secondary and feeder roads have been left in a state of disrepair, market places destroyed, farms neglected and fertile lands overgrown with underbrush. Opportunities for gainful employment and productive engagement are grossly inefficient as the estimated unemployment rate falls between 80% and 85%. Despite its potential, Liberia remains one of the world s poorest countries. Extensive damage to physical infrastructure renders some communities inaccessible, posing great difficulty for displaced populations returning to their communities of origin. Photo: Bridge under construction, Gbarpolu County, September 2005: Nicolas Tillon, Premiere Urgence. Collaborative efforts by UNMIL, UN agencies and NGOs are gradually improving accessibility, yet more efforts are needed. Lack of access to credit, opportunities to mobilise savings, and means to build micro and small enterprises prevent further economic activity and self-sufficiency. The overall collapse of market systems is a drag on community recovery. By the same token, they will need to reclaim their community-based social structures and organisations so as to be able to plan and manage their immediate and future development needs. Women in particular need additional encouragement and support to be able to equally contribute to, and benefit from, social and economic opportunities. The physical damage to roads and bridges, particularly following another rainy season, continues to limit the ability of humanitarian agencies to provide critical support, hinders the return process and obstructs access to markets, thus impeding economic productivity and self-sufficiency. Without concerted efforts to support economic recovery, displaced populations will remain in IDP or refugee camps or migrate towards over-crowded urban areas, and communities will continue to face deprivation and remain dependent on international aid. Rehabilitation of basic infrastructure, especially access roads is therefore multi-purpose; it allows the humanitarian community to reach their beneficiaries and previously cut-off populations, facilitates the return process and the protection of returnees, revitalises routes to markets, commerce and trade, and provides employment opportunities. See Annex V illustrating road accessibility to the Counties, and Annex VI showing roads currently under repair. Response Strategy To facilitate early economic recovery and initial rehabilitation of infrastructure in Liberia, the international community will work closely with community structures, including local authorities, national NGOs and CBOs, in planning and prioritising needs, as well as implementing and monitoring activities. By doing so, communities will be empowered, and collective efforts will be more sustainable so that living conditions are improved. In addition, there will be increased opportunities for capacity building and skills development training for CBOs and national NGOs, and partnerships will be strengthened between national and local organisations and the international community. Special attention will be given to programmes enhancing youth employment. Participating Organisations UNDP demand-driven, labour intensive micro-projects and capacity building of communities and national partners; UNHCR refugee return movement, returnee protection and community empowerment projects in areas of high return; WFP Food Support for Local Initiatives, also known under Food for Work; DRC support to returnees and refugees; World Relief, World Hope International and World Relief Canada provision of micro-finance; Samaritans Purse International Relief road and bridge rehabilitation; Premiere Urgence food security; UNMIL/RRR economic recovery through the provision of technical advice, with emphasis on job creation, enhancing rehabilitation of basic infrastructure, including roads, through better coordination and supporting reintegration efforts by linking early assistance for training with production and employment. 29

37 Objectives To restore livelihoods with emphasis on women s contribution to the productive sector, and restore market systems necessary to stimulate growth in rural Liberia; To facilitate low-cost, labour-intensive infrastructure rehabilitation with a focus on access roads and bridges; To facilitate safe and dignified return movements of returnees, improve and facilitate access by the humanitarian community to beneficiary populations, and improve beneficiary populations access to basic services; To provide opportunities for vocational, skills and business training, and increase the number of beneficiaries in the micro-finance sector; To strengthen the capacity of community-based organisations and cooperatives. Key Sector-Wide Indicators for Measuring Progress Towards Objectives Economic activity improved, unemployment and vulnerability reduced and women empowered and actively engaged in productive labour; Community members are self-employed and economically self-sufficient; Increased humanitarian access and services (food, health, education, water) and social protection; Number of beneficiaries disaggregated by sex and age. Immediate Indicators All relevant data to be disaggregated by sex and age. Number of cooperatives formed and number receiving inputs, number of enterprise developed; Number of trainings held in vocational training and number of start-up kits provided, number of trainings in small-medium enterprise and number increased enterprise development, number of income-generating activities initiated; Number of beneficiaries receiving loans and building their collateral base; Number of access roads and bridges repaired disaggregated by County and districts and increased demand for services. Monitoring Surveys of local populations skills, income-generating activities, local demands and shortages of specific skills; Returnee monitoring at transit facilities and places of return; Build a who does what and where database or map of on-going and planned activities in the sector based on updates from Monrovia-based and County coordination; Monthly updating of road repair map; Bi-monthly updating of database of national NGO and CBO activities and capacities. 30

38 3.4.8 SHELTER AND NON-FOOD ITEMS Photo: Shelter at Morris Farm IDP Camp, 2005: Premiere Urgence Liberia Overall Strategic Priorities 1. Provide appropriate shelter construction materials and support communities to utilise locally available raw materials in the construction of their houses. 2. Provide returning communities with non-food items and other household support to revitalise sustainable livelihoods. Background and Needs Analysis During the course of the civil strife in Liberia, there was almost complete destruction of shelter throughout the country. Most houses and community structures were burnt or destroyed and household goods abandoned or stolen. In many areas of the county, adequate shelter and basic housing fall seriously below the acceptable standard. The Counties that suffered most in terms of major destructions of shelter and household property, include Lofa, Grand Cape Mount, Bomi, Nimba and Grand Gedeh. Most of the 100,000 displaced people are expected to return to these Counties. General conditions of shelters and living space are deplorable. A regular rural family size of 5-10 per household resides in average living space of 2.5sq m/person while the standard is set at 3.5sq.m/per person. Basic design of shelters are substandard and cannot provide adequate physical comfort and protection from climatic conditions to ensure safety and well being of inhabitants. Interagency needs assessment revealed that currently over 60% of the communities in Liberia do not have adequate shelter. The problem is most acute in Lofa County where close to 40% of the total number returnees and IDPs will be returning. Security of tenure and legitimate access to land for returnees and vulnerable populations, property rights of displaced populations, and developing the means to restitute/manage land and housing issues in a transparent way remains a major challenge. Additionally household goods such as kitchen sets, blankets and mats are beyond the reach of many rural communities. Returnees and local communities lack the capacity to erect their own shelters, and cannot provide and operate basic services. In addition to destroyed water sources including shallow wells and spring, the lack of access to proper sanitation facilities and solid waste management are due to poor settlement planning and lack of local management structures. There will be a huge need to accommodate the more than 300,000 families who require shelter and significant non-food items (NFI) support nationally. The pressure to accommodate newly arriving returnees will require a concerted interagency effort. The provision of basics shelter material and household goods to vulnerable communities, will effectively contribute to and reinforce peaceful coexistence and community reconciliation processes. Inadequate sector response will lead to further deterioration of living standards of the affected population. It is evident that lack of adequate shelter, security of tenure and proper settlement planning may cause tensions in the communities, affect social harmony, reconciliation and the peace process. To pre-empt this likelihood, sector requirement needs to be addressed in a comprehensive manner involving all key partners and stakeholders. As the needs for this sector are vital in day to day running of families, non implementation may lead to hardship and spontaneous return to camps by formerly displaced populations with expectation of international communities assistance, consequently rendering previous repatriation and resettlement efforts unsustainable. Response Strategy Emphasis will be on a coordinated interagency response to enhance the production of household shelters and basic community facilities, including the development of a standard shelter kit using available local materials, appropriate technology and utilising a participatory community approach. The scheme will include the strengthening of local capacities that are aimed at encouraging individual families to build their own houses, with special attention to the most vulnerable. Building materials and training will be provided in phases and will target support to Women-to-Women shelter projects and youth groups in collaboration with the local authorities and relevant community structures such as District Development Committees (DDC). Furthermore, community settlement planning will form an integral component of the capacity building process. Additionally, the distribution of NFIS will continue to returning communities in transit, and host communities on an assessed community-needs basis. 31

39 Participating Agencies and the complementarities between activities UNHCR Provide shelter material support and distribution of NFIs to needy communities; UNDP Shelter support to needy communities; UN Habitat -Technical support in settlement planning and low cost housing scheme and community demonstration centres; WFP Food support for family shelter construction; DRC Shelter support to vulnerable returnees and IDPs in the South Eastern region; NRC - Support to needy communities in Bomi, Gborpolu and Grand Cape Mount Counties; PWJ - Shelter support in high return areas targeting the vulnerable in Lofa County; CHF - International -Shelter support in high return areas of Lofa County; AFCON -Support to shelter construction in Lofa and Bong Counties, targeting single mothers; ARC - Shelter support to vulnerable returnees and IDPs in Bong County; World Vision - Shelter support to vulnerable groups in Grand Gedeh County; ICRC Support for low cost shelter construction in Nimba and Lofa County; NHS / MPEA Coordination with government institutions, local authorities and partners on Shelter and Human Settlements. Objectives To facilitate interagency collaboration to support and assist communities to construct production of low cost housing and basic community facilities; To enhance local management capacities for effective shelter delivery, settlement planning and security of tenure; To provide non food items to needy communities; To facilitate dignified and sustainable return of returnees. Key sector-wide indicators for measuring progress towards objectives Adequate housing and community facilities available for communities; Adequate family household goods for meeting daily needs; Number of beneficiaries disaggregated by sex and age. Immediate sectoral indicators Number of families provided with shelter support at community level; Number of shelter support training sessions in return areas; Number of families distributed with NFIs; Disaggregated by sex and age. Monitoring Objectives will be monitored in the following ways: Joint interagency household surveys; NFI distribution reports at transit facilities and places of return; Monthly Sectoral coordination meetings at County and national level COORDINATION Background and Needs Analysis Humanitarian coordination will continue to play a crucial role in ensuring effective and efficient humanitarian action in Liberia, given the continuing urgent humanitarian needs in the country. The number and diversity of humanitarian actors from the Government, 16 UN agencies, 450 NGOs (110 international and 340 national), donors, and community-based organisations, creates a challenging coordination environment. The National Transitional Government of Liberia (NTGL) has not possessed the resources to enable effective coordination, which has made it imperative to have a structure able to support and facilitate coordination across organisational, spatial and sectoral dimensions. Liberia is small in geographic area, however, the terrain and climatic conditions of the country have limited humanitarian action. This combined with the paucity of comprehensive data on needs and activities continues to pose challenges in terms of priority setting and equitable geographical coverage of humanitarian action. Humanitarian coordination within the NTGL is led by the Liberian Refugee Repatriation and Resettlement Commission (LRRRC). The resources and capacity of LRRRC are limited and its status within the new Government is also uncertain. 32

40 The structure of coordination mechanisms in Liberia, as described in Annex VII, has at its hub the Humanitarian Action Committee (HAC), led by the Humanitarian Coordinator (HC), (who is also the DSRSG of UNMIL) as a forum for exchange and decision-making between the NTGL, national and international NGOs and members of the UN family. On the sector level there are national level Sector Working Groups (SWGs) made up with the same broad participation of agencies - a structure which is mirrored at the county level. The county level SWG meetings feed into Humanitarian Coordination Meetings (HCMs) at the county level. Given the magnitude of internal displacement in Liberia, it was also necessary to establish a separate inter-agency mechanism for supporting IDP protection, shelter and return, through the IDP Consultative Forum (ICF). The Humanitarian Coordination Section (HCS) of UNMIL provides support for HC coordination mechanisms. The HCS retains humanitarian space within the mission by being housed in separate premises from other sections of UNMIL, whilst being organisationally an integral part of the Mission. HCS teams provide geographical coverage through six field offices (see Annex VIII for HCS office locations). The Humanitarian Information Centre (HIC) of the HCS provides humanitarian information products and services, and a space for all humanitarian actors to access this information. The HCS IDP Unit monitors the humanitarian situation for IDPs and coordinates return assistance, as well as facilitating the ICF. The HCS facilitates and provides support for donor missions to Liberia. Response Strategy Ensure improved and equitable humanitarian action by facilitating a more coherent response through shared goals, priorities and strategies and careful targeting of the most vulnerable extending to all counties; Increase, consolidate and strengthen existing coordination mechanisms, ensuring broad participation and presence in all counties; Establish the HIC as a custodian of all humanitarian information and focal point for dissemination; Enhance national and local capacity to effectively coordinate, prepare for and respond to humanitarian needs and future emergencies; Effective and proactive advocacy and resource mobilisation for vulnerable populations, including returnees, IDPs and communities in areas of return; Advocate for and support activities aimed towards the restoration of social cohesion and meeting the needs of vulnerable populations, especially in areas of high returns. Objectives Ensure relevance of humanitarian action through dialogue and discussion on strategic issues (through Sector Working Groups, MSG) by holding quarterly high-level meetings of donors, UN and NGO staff to follow up on the implementation of this document and discuss humanitarian issues; Provide timely, accurate information and analysis on humanitarian needs and priorities through information products and services accessible to and meeting the requirements of humanitarian actors; Ensuring that agencies are undertaking base-line data collection in all counties and that these are synthesised and analysed with existing data generating a robust set of data; Strengthen the HCS Field Coordination Structure to enable comprehensive coverage of Liberia, including identifying needs and information gaps and provide data collection, analysis and dissemination in conjunction with the HIC; Plan for the assistance and support to the remaining IDP camp and spontaneous settlement residents, who did not receive assistance in Begin to refocus assistance to recovery programmes on a community-based approach; Develop a nationwide disaster-preparedness plan to respond to sudden onset disasters (including, floods, fires, disease, drought, and other possibilities) and provide emergency assistance coordination to people in need. Continue contingency planning for a possible mass influx from Cote d Ivoire, and other potential disasters in the region; Build capacity in national and local government through training and mentoring to better coordinate, plan and activate response to humanitarian needs and emergencies as well as prepare for the hand-over of the HICs role to Government. 33

41 Indicators Increased presence of humanitarian action in counties, specifically in areas with low presence of humanitarian actors; Accurate data sets for humanitarian base-line information available for all counties; Increased participation in coordination mechanisms at all levels; Humanitarian coordination mechanisms established for all counties of Liberia; Humanitarian information and analysis available for all counties; All IDPs assisted to resettle by mid-year 2006, with a minimum of protection related incidents. Monitoring The successful implementation of the CAP will be monitored through the Mid-Year Review, as well as monthly situation reports and humanitarian coordination meetings structure from the Field Coordination System and the IDP Unit. Coordination for IDPs will be continually monitored through the ICF and through donor missions to the area. The humanitarian situation in all regions will be continuously monitored through inter-agency assessment missions MULTISECTOR Refugees, Return and Reintegration Photo: Returnees from Cote d Ivoire to Nimba County, 2005: UNHCR Liberia. Overall Strategic Priorities 1. To coordinate and facilitate the voluntary, safe and orderly return of Liberian refugees and internally displaced persons, and to promote their sustainable reintegration into their communities of origin. 2. To provide protection and assistance to refugees and internally displaced population found in camps and absorbed in local communities. Background and Needs Analysis Many years of conflict in Liberia led to large displacement, internally and externally, of more than 800,000 persons in a population of approximately 2.9 million. Over 350,000 Liberian fled to Guinea, Sierra Leone, Cote d Ivoire, Ghana, and Nigeria and to other countries in the region as refugees, while close to 314,000 people were internally displaced (IDPs) and lived in camps in Greater Monrovia, Bong and Margibi Counties. In addition, Liberia hosts some 15,000 refugees from Ivory Coast, Sierra Leone and other countries. Many refugees and IDPs have returned to encounter multifarious social needs in their communities. By September 2005 more than 210,000 IDPs had returned, while close to 40,000 refugees were facilitated to return back home. Additionally over 150,000 refugees have returned spontaneously to their original communities mostly to Lofa, Maryland, Grand Cape, Mount, Bong, Nimba and Grand Gedeh Counties. Most of the basic services in high areas of return have been completely destroyed and community structures are non-existent. The many categories of displayed populations, be they returnees IDPs or ex-combatants, will require a coordinated response and programmes aimed at sustainable reintegration in their communities. Although the newly elected government is expected to be in place by the beginning of 2006, it is envisaged that significant gap would continue to exist in its capacity to provide national protection to its nationals and citizens. Moreover, in view of the volatile situations in the neighbouring countries, preserving and improving the quality of asylum in Liberia is also imperative to ensure protection of displaced populations in Liberia. Inadequate sector response will lead to further deterioration of living standards of the affected population, hampering their effective reintegration process. It is evident that returning refugees and IDPs will exert more pressure on basic services and other public utilities, failure to enhance the coping capacity of receiving communities would cause grave dissatisfaction among the returnees and receiving communities, resulting in unsustainable reintegration efforts. 34

42 Response Strategy Interagency collaborative response to reintegration needs of returning refugees and IDPs will be a priority while continued support to transportation assistance to displaced population coupled with enhancing protection monitoring in the Counties of return. The implementation of the multi-sectoral reintegration support projects will lay emphasis on community participation in order to ensure the displaced population s active participation in their own recovery. Support to the establishment of community structures such as the District Development Committees (DDCs) would constitute an effective initial stage of the Repatriation-Reintegration-Rehabilitation-Reconstruction (4Rs) continuum. Special programmes to address members of the community with special needs will also be prioritised and mainstreamed as well as cross cutting issues such as environment, HIV/AIDS and gender/age perspectives. Coordinated inter- agency support for local institutions, governmental or nongovernmental, to increase their capacity for good governance is essentials. In addition, provision of multi-sectoral support to enhance the livelihoods and coping capacities of local communities are crucial. Provision of protection to returnees must be made, as well as contingency planning for the care of refugees in the case of further influxes. A joint interagency action plan will be developed so as to ensure a coordinated approach to community reintegration programme for returnees and displaced populations. Participating Agencies UNHCR Integrated community based programmes; UNDP Integrated community based recovery programmes; UNICEF Community based support programmes for women and children. The following partners will be involved in implementation of community-based projects LRRRC, NRC, DRC, PWJ, ZOA, WVI, ADA, IMC, Mercy Corps, AFCON, IRC, ARC, IOM, ACI Objectives Safe and dignified return of refugees and IDPs to their places of origin; Enhance returnee monitoring as a means to provide protection to returnee and displaced population; Enhance the interagency 4Rs transition planning approach promoting community participation in recovery process; Preserve and improve the quality of asylum and expand protection space in Liberia for possible influx of refugees from the neighbouring countries; Mainstream gender and age issues in all aspects of reintegration process; Provide support to local authorities and District Development Committees (DDCs) to ensure community representation and good governance. Key sector-wide indicators Adequate returnee monitoring mechanism in the communities; Adequate transportation support to refugees and IDPs their return; Displaced peoples involvement in the recovery process; Number of beneficiaries disaggregated by sex and age. Immediate sectoral indicators Number of reported protection cases and response during return or in places of return; Number of returnees assisted to return; Degree of returnee representation in community structures and programmes. Monitoring Interagency monitoring missions; Regular reports by implementing partners; Monthly sectoral coordination meetings at County and national levels. 35

43 SECURITY (includes staff safety, UN MOSS compliance) Humanitarian aid workers are active in Liberia providing essential aid to civilian populations in remote and barely accessible areas. Their neutrality toward any surrounding conflicts is enshrined in international humanitarian and human rights law. Photo: UN military providing security for delivery of Election materials, Nimba County, 2005: Imogen Prickett, UNMIL. Under international law, the responsibility for safety and security of aid workers rests with the host government. Nevertheless, the past decade has seen a large increase in the number of killings, kidnappings and attacks on aid workers. The UN Security Council and Secretary-General have repeatedly reiterated the need to ensure security for representatives of the UN, NGOs and International Organizations who provide urgently needed relief to suffering populations. The security situation in Liberia, although complex, has gradually improved since the arrival of the peacekeeping forces in late In addition to the ongoing situation in Liberia, violence and instability is also present in the neighbouring country of Cote d Ivoire and a likely possibility in Guinea. There is a prevalence of weapons within the general region that also produces the potential for a high rate of violent crime. To reduce the level of risk, and improve the security of staff members, the UN has had to apply stringent and intrusive security regimes for its staff. Globally, the Office of the United Nations Department of Safety and Security (DSS) is the primary coordination body for the UN security management system. In Liberia, security officers from UNHCR, UNICEF and WFP supplement DSS capacity. Security is coordinated among UN via the Security Management Team (heads of Agencies and UNMIL security officer), which advises the Designated Official for Security (the SRSG of UNMIL) and makes local policy decisions. All staff (international and local) costs and mitigation measures applied by the UN agencies, funds and programmes towards safety and security in Liberia are funded from donor contributions. To the extent possible, the UN provides security advice and protection to many of the 100 international NGOs and other partners through Memoranda of Understanding (MOUs). Minimum Operating Security Standards (MOSS) The UN has introduced Minimum Operating Security Standards (MOSS) that must be implemented at each of its duty stations globally to ensure the safety and security of staff members against identified local threats. MOSS outlines, inter alia, all safety and security equipment, resources, communications, training, plans, policy, procedures, practices and other mitigation measures that must be established. MOSS for the UN in Liberia includes security guards, high fences with razor wire, generators for emergency lighting; VHF and HF communications systems with 24-hour radio rooms; and the deployment of professional security officers. The UN has recently introduced a similar minimumsecurity standard for the private residences of its international staff members. This appeal seeks funding to assist the UN to meet the established MOSS compliance for Liberia, which are non-elective security measures and a pre-condition for this humanitarian operation. The inability of the UN to meet these minimum-security standards may place staff members at an unacceptable level of risk and cause the UN to withdraw from the counties. Objective 1. Staff and Resources This appeal includes the funding required for the continued presence of DSS international professional security officers in Liberia and the necessary support infrastructure including local staff such as: security assistants, radio operators and technicians, drivers and transport coordinators, administrative and secretarial assistants and a database coordinator. Office rent and overheads, vehicles and maintenance, furniture, computers and other resource equipment and day-to-day operating expenditures are also included. In addition to the DSS presence, WFP, UNICEF and UNHCR each have an international security officer based in the country. All officers are funded from their respective Agency s core budget. 36

44 2. Training Programme During the appeal period, DSS proposes to provide/facilitate training and workshops to UN and other aid workers on first-aid, stress counselling and a variety of relevant security and safety topics. These initiatives will be provided without cost to the participant. Other Agencies participating in the appeal have also planned security training for their staff in UN Mission in Liberia One of the major considerations for 2006 with security implications is the ongoing presence of the UNMIL mission. The presence of 15,000 peacekeeping forces and their support systems also allows for an increased frequency of missions into remote areas of the country and to other higher risk areas as well as the possibility of establishing bases of operations and housing staff in remote areas. Security operations will be combined where feasible for cost sharing. Forces to provide back up in serious incidents where required. 4. UN/NGO Security Collaboration The UN security structure in the country collaborates closely with, and renders all possible security assistance to the NGO and donor community. This includes the provision of group and individual security briefings and ensuring their inclusion in all disseminated safety and security advisories. Information obtained from the authorities on relevant security matters is shared with the wider humanitarian aid community with accompanying response recommendations where necessary. NGO vehicles may be included in UN convoy movements between communities and weekly security coordination meetings involving UN and NGO representatives will continue to be held to strengthen the cooperation and collaboration between all humanitarian actors in the country on safety and security issues. Additional work is required to ensure that local radio frequencies are compatible between all humanitarian actors. Indicators A decrease of security related incidents in the country involving humanitarian staff members; Reduction of automobile accidents; MOSS compliance of UN facilities and residences; DSS staff engaged, trained and in place through out country; Communications systems installed and tested for compatibility to cover all counties. 37

45 4. STRATEGIC MONITORING PLAN LIBERIA The UN Country Team will provide ongoing monitoring and evaluation of progress by enhancing their presence upcountry and by utilising the already present resources of other humanitarian organisations on a coordinated basis. The ongoing changes in the country and regional context will be reviewed on a quarterly basis by meetings convened by the HCS in order to ensure that the flexibility to address these changes exists and that the need to alter course is brought to the attention of those who can have an impact on the various sectors involved. The participants in the meetings shall be made up of a reasonable sized group of donors, UN, NGO and government staff who should also be prepared to review the current funding of humanitarian programmes and projects. Specific groups that are deemed to be vulnerable or have special needs will be more carefully watched and their needs responded to on a timely basis when required. Protection monitors have an extensive presence in the field, particularly in areas of refugee and IDP return, and their reports will be used to shape the necessary approach to ensure that gaps are kept to a minimum and that urgent needs are met before they become an emergency. Benchmarks will be established against Planning Scenarios, containing measurable parameters to ensure positive progress is being made toward the achievement of the goals. Data will continue to be gathered from field monitors and analysed to monitor progress in meeting humanitarian needs. The scenarios developed will also be reviewed on a quarterly basis to ensure relevancy and updated when need be. Contingency Planning will be employed as a method for ongoing review and will relate to a variety of specific ongoing situations as well as those that are historically present in the Liberian context. 5. CRITERIA FOR PRIORITISATION OF PROJECTS In order to ensure a fair prioritisation of projects, all projects submitted for the Appeal underwent a technical review at senior level. Sector Working Groups composed of UN, NGO and Government staff members reviewed all projects and submitted their recommendations to the Liberia IASC Country Team, consisting of UN staff from each agency and two NGO representatives, for final decision on their inclusion in the appeal. The Humanitarian Coordinator will have the final say in the event of any unresolved cases. When considering projects to include in the appeal, participating agencies agreed that the projects should: Relate directly to one or more of the strategic priorities and the sector response plan; Project objectives must respect the specific, measurable, achievable, realistic and time-bound (SMART) criteria and include measurable indicators; Protect and advance human rights; Reinforce people s coping mechanisms; Build the capacity of local counterparts; Not duplicate other organisations humanitarian or recovery interventions that are already planned or underway in the same area; Include communities in their assessment of needs; Address the specific and priority needs of vulnerable groups; Account for the special gender needs of men and women, and boys and girls. Consideration was also given to the: Operational capacity, as well as the comparative advantage, of the appealing agency to implement the proposed project; Accessibility and presence in the target area; Likelihood, based on historic funding patterns and donor commitment, that the agency will receive requested funds; Overall distribution of projects within the sector; Likelihood that the project can demonstrate a measurable impact within one year. 38

46 6. SUMMARY: STRATEGIC FRAMEWORK FOR HUMANITARIAN RESPONSE SUMMARY: STRATEGIC FRAMEWORK FOR HUMANITARIAN RESPONSE: Liberia Humanitarian Appeal 2006 Strategic Priority Sector Corresponding Response Plan Objectives 1. Provide Basic social services to vulnerable populations Health Provide basic health care services Improve reproductive and child health Associated Projects Agency Revitalising primary health care delivery in 3 counties Rehabilitation of integrated primary health care in Nimba County Rehabilitation of integrated primary health care in Sinoe County Integrated primary health care, including mental health, in Bong County Scaling-up best practices for malaria case management in 8 counties Integrated primary and secondary health care in Grand Gedeh County Integrated primary and secondary health care in Maryland County Rehabilitation of primary and secondary health care, and HIV/AIDs prevention Primary health care and protection programme in 5 Counties Polio Eradication initiative Selective, institutional and HIV/AIDS feeding in all 15 Counties Expanded programme on immunisation (EPI) Psychosocial and mental health actions for the most vulnerable population Psychosocial and mental health support for returnees and host population Ambulance service for returnees in Bomi and Cape Mount Counties Referral services for emergency patients in Bomi and Cape Mount Counties Clinic renovation and capacity building for HIV/AIDS, maternal and primary health care in Lofa County Reproductive health care provision and HIV/AIDS prevention Reproductive health care in 4 Counties Expanded programme on immunisation (EPI) Maternal and child health Maternal and child Nutrition Targeted food assistance to vulnerable populations Polio Eradication initiative AHA EQUIP EQUIP MDM MENTOR MERLIN MERLIN PARACOM SCF UK WHO/UNICEF WFP UNICEF WHO/UNFPA WVL WVL WVL SP SCF UK UNFPA UNICEF UNICEF UNICEF WFP WHO/UNICEF Watsan Repair or replace hand pumps Improved water and sanitation in Nimba County Water, environmental sanitation and hygiene in three Counties and support for national level monitoring Rehabilitation of WatSan facilities and hygiene education in three Counties Emergency access to potable water, sanitation and hygiene promotion Water, sanitation and hygiene promotion ZOA Refugee Care UNICEF EQUIP Solidarites CCF 39

47 Strategic Priority LIBERIA Sector Corresponding Response Plan Objectives Ensure access to clean water and construct latrines Food Provide food for vulnerable populations, displaced persons and school attendees Agriculture Associated Projects Agency Latrine construction hygiene awareness promotion Improved water and sanitation in Nimba County Water, environmental sanitation and hygiene in 3 Counties and support for national level monitoring Rehabilitation of WatSan facilities and hygiene education in 3 Counties EQUIP Targeted food assistance to vulnerable populations WFP Increase agricultural production Emergency Support to training of Liberian rural women in agriculture Quick impact micro-projects Programme (QUIMP) Emergency provision of agricultural inputs to urban and peri-urban areas Emergency support for Rehabilitation of Aquaculture farming Rice and Vegetable Production for Food Security SP ZOA Refugee Care UNICEF FAO/UNIFEM FAO FAO FAO CCF Improve coordination in emergencies Needs assessment for food supply, resources and demand Support to coordination of emergency interventions Farmer's Field School - Capacity building/emergency assistance FAO/WFP FAO FAO Education Increase access to education and enrolment of girls in school Increase ALP enrolment and train ALP teachers Access to quality education and increase girls enrolment Emergency education Targeted food assistance to vulnerable populations Support to war affected children through provision of playing space Skills-training for physically disabled Accelerated Learning Programme (ALP) Teacher training, school support and education programmes Targeted food assistance to vulnerable populations UNICEF NRC WFP DRC ZOA Refugee Care UNICEF VIA WFP Multisector Assist the returning population Protection and assistance to refugees and IDPs for sustainable return and reintegration Community development to support peaceful and productive communities Coordination Support IDP Return and Reintegration Advocate for needs of vulnerable UNHCR ARC Provision of Humanitarian Relief and Recovery Information Services OCHA Provision of Humanitarian Relief and Recovery Information Services OCHA 40

48 Strategic Priority 2. Revitalise communities to become sustainable, secure and productive LIBERIA Sector Corresponding Response Plan Objectives Associated Projects Agency Health Support HIV/AIDs prevention Clinic renovation and capacity building for HIV/AIDS, maternal and primary health care in Lofa County Reproductive health care provision and HIV/AIDS prevention Rehabilitation of primary and secondary health care, and HIV/AIDS prevention HIV/AIDs prevention and direct assistance to the most vulnerable in areas of return SP SCF UK PARACOM IOM Watsan Hygiene promotion and surveillance Food Support food production activities Latrine construction hygiene awareness promotion Rehabilitation of WatSan facilities and hygiene education in 3 Counties Improved water and sanitation in Nimba County Hygiene promotion project Water, environmental sanitation and hygiene in 3 Counties and support for national level monitoring Emergency access to potable water, sanitation and hygiene promotion Water, sanitation and hygiene promotion Targeted food assistance to vulnerable populations Community Resettlement and rehabilitation project Support road rehabilitation Targeted food assistance to vulnerable populations WFP Agriculture Improve Agricultural infrastructure Support to swamp rice development Improving rural livelihoods in Margibi and Nimba Counties SP EQUIP ZOA Refugee Care UNICEF UNICEF Solidarites CCF WFP CRS FAO ZOA Enhance crop production Support to swamp rice development Improving rural livelihoods in Margibi and Nimba Counties Quick impact micro-projects Programme (QUIMP) Rice and Vegetable Production for Food Security Post conflict rehabilitation for food-security Emergency supply and dissemination of disease-resistant varieties of cassava and sweet potato Emergency provision of agricultural inputs to urban and peri-urban areas FAO ZOA FAO CCF FAO FAO FAO Protection Address sexual exploitation through prevention and care Counter trafficking in Human Beings in Liberia Addressing SGBV through education and capacity for prevention of HIV and STIs Prevention and response to SGBV Gender-based violence prevention and response Safeguarding the Future Effectively (SAFE) Community-based reintegration of conflict affected youth and women Prevention and Response to Gender-based violence in Lofa and Nimba Counties IOM UNIFEM UNICEF ARC CCF CCF UNFPA 41

49 Strategic Priority LIBERIA Sector Corresponding Response Plan Objectives Provide support for refugees and IDPs Associated Projects Agency Reintegration of women and children, and community and government capacity building Peace-building in communities TCN repatriation assistance to their country of origin Reintegration of children demobilised from fighting forces Community-based reintegration of conflict affected youth and women Information, counselling and legal advice CCF ZOA IOM UNICEF CCF NRC Education Economic Recovery and Reconstruction Increase secondary school enrolment Provide HIV/AIDS and psychosocial support Restore livelihoods and market systems Access to quality education and increase girls enrolment UNICEF HIV/AIDS education in the curriculum UNESCO Micro-finance programme Targeted Food Assistance to vulnerable populations World Relief and World Hope Int. WFP Repair roads and bridges Farm to market road rehabilitation programme in Lofa County Emergency rehabilitation of feeder roads and job creation SP UNDP Shelter/NFI Multisector Conduct vocational and business training Strengthen community based organisations and cooperatives Micro-enterprise development ARC Restoration of livelihoods through community-based recovery UNDP Construct low-cost housing Bomi County reintegration project Supplementary shelter assistance Facilitate sustainable return IDP reintegration assistance and community empowerment Bomi County reintegration project Enhance protection monitoring Protection and assistance to refugees and IDPs for sustainable return and reintegration Community development to support peaceful and productive communities WR NRC IOM WR UNHCR ARC Coordination Promote community participation in recovery Coordinate data gathering and analysis Strengthen field coordination Community development to support peaceful and productive communities ARC Provision of Humanitarian Relief and Recovery Information Services Provision of Humanitarian Relief and Recovery Information Services OCHA OCHA 42

50 Strategic Priority 3. Strengthen the capacity of civil society and local authorities to support the recovery process LIBERIA Health Sector Corresponding Response Plan Objectives Carry out epidemiological surveillance Associated Projects Agency Coordination of health sector actions Strengthen disease surveillance and early warning system in 9 counties WHO WHO Support and build capacity of the Health System Ambulance service for returnees in Bomi and Cape Mount Counties Referral services for emergency patients in Bomi and Cape Mount Counties Coordination of health sector actions WVL WVL WHO Watsan Strengthen the capacity of relevant Government Ministries Hygiene promotion project Water, environmental sanitation and hygiene in 3 Counties and support for national level monitoring Water, sanitation and hygiene promotion UNICEF UNICEF CCF Food Agriculture Strengthen the capacity of the Ministry of Agriculture Reformation and capacity building of Liberian National Farmer's Union (LNFU) Support to preparation of Liberian Agricultural Policy Framework Establishment of a National Food Security and Nutrition Strategy FAO FAO FAO Protection Establish monitoring data base Support to rehabilitation and capacity building of food and agriculture statistics and information management system Implement support mechanisms for survivors Community-based reintegration of conflict affected youth and women Prevention and Response to Gender-based violence in Lofa and Nimba Counties Reintegration of women and children, and community and government capacity building Peacebuilding in communities Reintegration of children demobilised from fighting forces Community-based reintegration of conflict affected youth and women Reintegration of ex-combatants through a LEAP initiative Children without primary caregivers and juvenile justice FAO CCF UNFPA CCF ZOA UNICEF CCF IOM UNICEF Provide support for drafting national legislation Children without primary caregivers and juvenile justice Information, counselling and legal advice UNICEF NRC 43

51 Strategic Priority Sector Corresponding Response Plan Objectives Education Strengthen the capacity of the Ministry of Education Economic Recovery and Reconstruction Shelter/NFIs Facilitate refugee return and improve humanitarian access Carry out settlement planning and address land tenure issues Coordination Multisector Security Enhance local management capacities Facilitate humanitarian coordination processes Support contingency planning and disaster preparedness Build the capacity of the Government Preserve asylum and protection space Provide support to local authorities and ensure good governance Improve security situation for staff Improve capacity by training staff Coordinate security with UNMIL staff Improve UN/NGO security coordination LIBERIA Associated Projects Agency Database for education statistics (EMIS) HIV/AIDS education in the curriculum Emergency education UNESCO UNESCO NRC Emergency rehabilitation of feeder roads and job creation UNDP Capacity building for adequate shelter delivery in resettlement communities UN HABITAT / UNDP / UNHCR IDP reintegration assistance and community empowerment IOM Provision of Humanitarian Relief and Recovery Information Services OCHA Provision of Humanitarian Relief and Recovery Information Services OCHA Provision of Humanitarian Relief and Recovery Information Services OCHA Protection and assistance to refugees and IDPs for sustainable return and reintegration UNHCR Protection and assistance to refugees and IDPs for sustainable return and reintegration UNHCR 44

52 Table II. List of Project Summaries by Sector Table II: Consolidated Appeal for Liberia 2006 List of Projects - By Sector as of 8 November Project Code Compiled by OCHA on the basis of information provided by the respective appealing organisation. Appealing Agency Sector/Activity Page 1 of 6 Original Requirements (US$) AGRICULTURE LIB-06/A01A FAO Emergency support to training of Liberian rural women in 416,000 agro-processing and packaging LIB-06/A01B UNIFEM Emergency support to training of Liberian rural women in 104,000 agro-processing and packaging LIB-06/A02 ZOA RC Improved Rural Livelihoods, Gbehlageh & Zoegeh Districts, 213,400 Nimba County LIB-06/A03 FAO Support to Swamp Rice Development In Liberia 400,000 LIB-06/A04A FAO Establishment of a National Food Security Strategy and 250,000 Implementation Plan LIB-06/A04B WFP Establishment of a National Food Security Strategy and 250,000 Implementation Plan LIB-06/A05 FAO Emergency provision of agricultural inputs to returnees, excombatants and war affected farmers in 9 2,500,000 counties LIB-06/A06 FAO Emergency assistance to support rehabilitation of 600,000 aquaculture farming in four counties LIB-06/A07 FAO Provision of Emergency Agricultural Inputs to War-Affected 865,000 Population in Urban and Peri-urban areas in three major cities in Nimba, Bong and Margibi Counties LIB-06/A08 FAO Emergency supply of vegetative material for the 800,000 multiplication of disease resistent varieties of cassava and sweet potato in Liberia LIB-06/A09A FAO FAO/WFP Crop and Food Supply Assessment Mission to 40,000 Liberia. LIB-06/A09B WFP FAO/WFP Crop and Food Supply Assessment Mission to 40,000 Liberia. LIB-06/A10 FAO Support to coordination of emergency interventions to 360,000 improve household food security LIB-06/A11 FAO Farmers Field School - accelerated capacity building for 400,000 restoration of agricultural based productive capacity with emergency assistance LIB-06/A12 FAO Post-conflict Rehabilitation of Food Security for Small-scale 1,200,000 Farmers in Liberia LIB-06/A13 CCF Rice and Vegetable Production for increased Food Security 425,000 and Livelihoods Subtotal for AGRICULTURE 8,863,400 COORDINATION AND SUPPORT SERVICES LIB-06/CSS01 OCHA Provision of Humanitarian Relief and Recovery Information 626,806 Services Subtotal for COORDINATION AND SUPPORT SERVICES 626,806 The list of projects and the figures for their funding requirements in this document are a snapshot as of 8 November For continuously updated information on projects, funding requirements, and contributions to date, visit the Financial Tracking Service ( 45

53 Table II: Consolidated Appeal for Liberia 2006 List of Projects - By Sector as of 8 November Project Code Compiled by OCHA on the basis of information provided by the respective appealing organisation. Appealing Agency Sector/Activity Page 2 of 6 Original Requirements (US$) ECONOMIC RECOVERY AND INFRASTRUCTURE LIB-06/ER/I01 Samaritan's Purse Foya and Kolahun Districts Farm to Market Road 675,000 Rehabilitation Project in Lofa County LIB-06/ER/I02 UNDP Emergency Rehabilitation of Feeder Roads and Support to 2,500,000 Job Creation LIB-06/ER/I03 UNDP Restoration of livelihoods through community-based 1,000,000 recovery LIB-06/ER/I04A World Relief Microfinance programme 250,000 LIB-06/ER/I04B World Hope International Microfinance programme 250,000 LIB-06/ER/I05 ARC Micro-Enterprise Development to Support Peaceful and Productive Communities 275,000 Subtotal for ECONOMIC RECOVERY AND INFRASTRUCTURE 4,950,000 EDUCATION LIB-06/E01 UNICEF Access to quality education and increase girls enrolment 2,059,000 LIB-06/E02 UNESCO Database for education statistics 100,000 LIB-06/E03 DRC Assistance to war affected children through the provision of conducive playing space 420,000 LIB-06/E04 UNESCO HIV/AIDS Education in the Curriculum 200,000 LIB-06/E05 ZOA RC Skills Training for Physically Challenged, Margibi & Montserrado Districts 188,000 LIB-06/E06 UNICEF Accelerated Learning Programme (ALP) 2,451,000 LIB-06/E07 NRC Emergency Education 1,160,000 LIB-06/E08 VIA Teacher Training, School Support and Education Programs for War-Affected Children in Bassa, Cape Mount, Lofa, Bong and Montserrado Counties 804,732 Subtotal for EDUCATION 7,382,732 The list of projects and the figures for their funding requirements in this document are a snapshot as of 8 November For continuously updated information on projects, funding requirements, and contributions to date, visit the Financial Tracking Service ( 46

54 Table II: Consolidated Appeal for Liberia 2006 List of Projects - By Sector as of 8 November Project Code Compiled by OCHA on the basis of information provided by the respective appealing organisation. Appealing Agency Sector/Activity Page 3 of 6 Original Requirements (US$) HEALTH LIB-06/H01 AHA Revitalizing Primary Health Care Delivery with emphasis on 1,215,910 RH HIV/AIDS and capacity building in Grand Cape mount, Gbarpolu and Bomi Counties for a target population of 594,968 inclusive W/S and each HFs. LIB-06/H02 AHA Secondary Level Health Care for The Western Region of 424,529 Liberia [GCM, Gbarpolu and Bomi for total population of 594,968 LIB-06/H03 EQUIP Liberia Rehabilitation of Integrated Primary Health Care for War- 340,000 Affected and Re-settled families in underserved areas of Nimba LIB-06/H04 EQUIP Liberia Rehabilitation of Integrated Primary Health Care for War- 760,000 Affected and Re-settled Populations in Sinoe County LIB-06/H05 MDM Integrated primary health services, including mental health 1,547,000 care provision, for war affected and re-settled population in Bong County LIB-06/H06 MENTOR Scaling-Up Best Practices for Malaria Case Management in 124,000 8 Counties LIB-06/H07 MERLIN Integrated Primary and Secondary Health Services for the 1,873,453 War- Affected Population of Grand Gedeh County, South East Liberia LIB-06/H08 MERLIN Integrated Primary and Secondary Health Services for the 1,600,000 War- Affected Population of Maryland County, South East Liberia LIB-06/H09 Paradigm of Consciousness Ministries, Inc. Rehabilitation of Primary and Secondary health care services for the resettlement of war-affected Liberians, and the Prevention and Control of the Spread of HIV/AIDS 888,566 LIB-06/H10 Samaritan's Purse Clinic renovation and capacity building for HIV/AIDS, 225,000 maternal and primary health care in Lofa County LIB-06/H11 SC - UK Primary health care and protection programme in Bomi, 700,000 Gbarpolu Bong, Montserrado and Margibi Counties LIB-06/H12 SC - UK Reproductive health care provision & HIV/AIDS prevention 300,000 in Bomi, Gbarpolu Bong, Montserrado and Margibi LIB-06/H13 UNFPA Reproductive health services in four South Eastern 473,567 Counties in Liberia LIB-06/H14A WHO Polio Eradication Initiative 2,990,790 LIB-06/H14B UNICEF Polio Eradication Initiative 1,431,900 LIB-06/H15 UNICEF Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI) 3,130,200 LIB-06/H16 UNICEF Maternal and Child Health 2,397,600 LIB-06/H17 UNICEF Maternal and Child Nutrition 654,900 LIB-06/H18 WHO Coordination of health sector actions 139,900 LIB-06/H19 WHO Strengthen Disease Surveillance And Early Warning System In 9 Counties 189,880 The list of projects and the figures for their funding requirements in this document are a snapshot as of 8 November For continuously updated information on projects, funding requirements, and contributions to date, visit the Financial Tracking Service ( 47

55 Table II: Consolidated Appeal for Liberia 2006 List of Projects - By Sector as of 8 November Project Code Compiled by OCHA on the basis of information provided by the respective appealing organisation. Appealing Agency Sector/Activity Page 4 of 6 Original Requirements (US$) HEALTH LIB-06/H20A WHO Strengthening Sexual Gender Based Violence (SGVB) 386,029 Prevention, Medical and Psychosocial & Mental Health Support to raped victims and other vulnerable groups LIB-06/H20B UNFPA Strengthening Sexual Gender Based Violence (SGVB) 104,007 Prevention, Medical and Psychosocial & Mental Health Support to raped victims and other vulnerable groups LIB-06/H21 WV Referral Services for emergency patients in Bomi and Cape 217,720 Mount Counties LIB-06/H22 IOM HIV/AIDS prevention and direct assistance to the most 1,000,000 vulnerable in areas of return LIB-06/H23 WV Psychosocial and Mental Health Support for returnees and 256,185 host community Subtotal for HEALTH 23,371,136 MULTI-SECTOR LIB-06/MS01 UNHCR Protection and assistance for refugees, returnees and 37,084,990 host/receiving communities LIB-06/MS02 UNHCR Protection, monitoring and assistance for IDPs and 13,754,660 receiving communities LIB-06/MS03 ARC Community Development to Support Peaceful and 575,000 Productive Communities Subtotal for MULTI-SECTOR 51,414,650 The list of projects and the figures for their funding requirements in this document are a snapshot as of 8 November For continuously updated information on projects, funding requirements, and contributions to date, visit the Financial Tracking Service ( 48

56 Table II: Consolidated Appeal for Liberia 2006 List of Projects - By Sector as of 8 November Project Code Compiled by OCHA on the basis of information provided by the respective appealing organisation. Appealing Agency Sector/Activity Page 5 of 6 Original Requirements (US$) PROTECTION/HUMAN RIGHTS/RULE OF LAW LIB-06/P/HR/RL01 NRC Information, Counselling & Legal Assistance 1,000,000 LIB-06/P/HR/RL02 CCF Reintegration of women and children affected by conflict 1,700,000 and displacement, and capacity building of community and governmental structures to enhance well being, good governance and peaceful coexistence. LIB-06/P/HR/RL03 UNIFEM Addressing GBV/VAW through education and capacity for 505,091 prevention of HIV and STIs. LIB-06/P/HR/RL04 ZOA RC Peacebuilding in communities 209,680 LIB-06/P/HR/RL05 IOM Reintegration of ex combatants through a LEAP initiative 649,000 LIB-06/P/HR/RL06 IOM Counter Trafficking in Human Beings in Liberia 800,000 LIB-06/P/HR/RL07 IOM TCN Repatriation Assistance to their Country of Origin 132,000 LIB-06/P/HR/RL08 UNICEF Reintegration of children demobilized from fighting forces 3,007,000 LIB-06/P/HR/RL09 UNICEF Children without Primary Caregivers and Juvenile Justice 421,800 LIB-06/P/HR/RL10 UNICEF Prevention and Response to Sexual and Gender Based 621,600 Violence LIB-06/P/HR/RL11 CCF Community-based Reintegration of Conflict Affected Youth 536,800 and Women LIB-06/P/HR/RL12 ARC Gender-based Violence Prevention and Response 385,000 LIB-06/P/HR/RL13 UNFPA Preventing and responding to GBV in Lofa and Nimba 240,000 counties LIB-06/P/HR/RL14 CCF Safeguarding the Future Effectively (SAFE) 280,242 Subtotal for PROTECTION/HUMAN RIGHTS/RULE OF LAW 10,488,213 SHELTER AND NON-FOOD ITEMS LIB-06/S/NF01 World Relief Bomi Re-Integration Project 819,995 LIB-06/S/NF02 NRC Supplementary shelter assistance 1,060,400 LIB-06/S/NF03A UN-HABITAT Capacity Building for Adequate Shelter Delivery in Resettlement Communities 1,730,000 LIB-06/S/NF03B UNHCR Capacity Building for Adequate Shelter Delivery in 2,000,000 Resettlement Communities LIB-06/S/NF04 IOM IDP Reintegration Assistance & Community Empowerment 1,500,000 Subtotal for SHELTER AND NON-FOOD ITEMS 7,110,395 The list of projects and the figures for their funding requirements in this document are a snapshot as of 8 November For continuously updated information on projects, funding requirements, and contributions to date, visit the Financial Tracking Service ( 49

57 Table II: Consolidated Appeal for Liberia 2006 List of Projects - By Sector as of 8 November Project Code Compiled by OCHA on the basis of information provided by the respective appealing organisation. Appealing Agency Sector/Activity Page 6 of 6 Original Requirements (US$) WATER AND SANITATION LIB-06/WS01 Samaritan's Purse Latrine construction and hygiene awareness promotion 90,000 LIB-06/WS02 ZOA RC Improved Water & Sanitation, Nimba county (Gbehlageh, 335,000 Zoegeh & Sanniquellie-Mahn Districts) LIB-06/WS03 UNICEF Hygiene Promotion Project in Areas of Return in Maryland, 1,326,450 Lofa and Nimba counties and Support to National Level Monitoring LIB-06/WS04 UNICEF Post- Conflict Reconstruction of Water, Sanitation and 3,343,875 Hygiene Facilities in Areas of Return in Maryland, Lofa and Nimba counties and Support to National Level Monitoring LIB-06/WS05 EQUIP Liberia Rehabilitation of Water, Sanitation facilities and Hygiene 869,000 Education for War Affected and Returned un-served communities in Sinoe, Nimba, and Bong. LIB-06/WS06 CCF Revitalization of Communities for Sustainable, Secure and 820,000 Productive Livelihoods Subtotal for WATER AND SANITATION 6,784,325 Grand Total 120,991,657 The list of projects and the figures for their funding requirements in this document are a snapshot as of 8 November For continuously updated information on projects, funding requirements, and contributions to date, visit the Financial Tracking Service ( 50

58 ANNEX I.T HE STATUS OF BENEFICIARIES OF EMERGENCY ASSISTANCE DURING

59 ANNEX II. REFUGEE AND IDPS PREFERRED AREA OF RETURN MAP. INITIAL CASELOADS

60 ANNEX III. REFUGEES AND IDPS PREFERRED AREA OF RETURN MAP. PENDING CASELOADS

61 ANNEX IV. EX-COMBATANTS PREFERRED AREA OF RETURN 54

62 ANNEX V. ACCESSIBILITY BY CAR TO COUNTIES 55

63 LIBERIA ANNEX VI. FEEDER ROAD REHABILITATION 56