The Cluster Approach in NBC
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- Christine Cummings
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1 The Cluster Approach in NBC An Inter-Agency Humanitarian Experience UNRC, TRIPOLI SUB-OFFICE
2 Outline Where does the Cluster Approach come from? Cluster Definition Cluster Lead Agencies Cluster Approach: Aim and Scope Cluster Approach at the Field Level The Cluster Approach in NBC
3 Where does «Cluster Approach» come from? Inter-Agency Standing Committee (IASC)/ June 1992; IASC Principals Meeting/ September 2005: 1. Need to build a stronger response capacity for emergencies 2. Clusters and their leads
4 IASC provides a good representation of today s humanitarian community Intergovernment al Organizations: IOM World Bank NGOs Networks IASC UN agencies: WFP UNICEF WHO FAO UNDP UNHCR OHCHR UNFPA OCHA Red Cross and Red Crescent: ICRC and IFRC
5 Cluster Definition A cluster is essentially a sectoral group that aims to fill in the gaps and to ensure adequate preparedness and response in a specific sector of intervention. i.e. Health Cluster, Shelter Cluster, Education Cluster, Livelihoods Cluster, etc Each cluster has a lead usually an agency/organization formally commits to take on a leadership role within a particular area to ensure adequate response and high standards of predictability, accountability and partnership.
6 Cluster Lead Agencies at Global Level Area Of Activity Service Provision: Logistics Cluster Lead Agency WFP Emergency Telecom Relief & Assistance: Emergency Shelter Health Nutrition, Water, Sanitation and Hygiene OCHA (Process Owner), UNICEF (Common Data Services) WFP (Common Security Telecom Services) UNHCR (for conflict-generated IDPs) and IFRC (in natural disasters) WHO UNICEF
7 Cluster Lead Agencies at Global Level Area Of Activity Cross Cutting concerns: Early Recovery Protection Camp Coordination Cluster Lead Agency UNDP UNHCR (for conflict-generated IDPs) UNHCR, UNIEF and OHCHR (in natural disasters) UNHCR (for conflict-generated IDPs) IOM (in natural disasters)
8 Cluster Approach: Aim & Scope (1) Goal: To improve results on the ground by increasing accountabilities of the humanitarian community to the populations affected by humanitarian crisis. Scope: CA operates both at global & country level.
9 Cluster Approach at the Global Level Bilateral Aid & Development Donors, International Financial Institutions Other key International Development NGOs & National NGOs development Civil Society stakeholders Private Sector, Academia in early recovery UN Development Agencies Cluster Cluster Cluster Cluster Cluster Cluster Cluster Cluster Cluster Cluster Cluster Development Agriculture Camp Coordination/ Management Early Recovery For example: Reintegration, Livelihoods, Governance, Infrastructure, Land & Property, Rule of Law Education Emergency Shelter Emergency Telecommunications Health Logistics Nutrition Protection WASH Transition Resident Coordinator (UNRC) Early Recovery Network CROSS CUTTING ISSUES: GENDER, HIV/AIDS, AGE, HUMAN RIGHTS, ENVIRONMENT, CONFLICT PREVENTION Humanitarian Government/ Line Ministries OCHA Recovery
10 Cluster Approach in NBC In response to the NBC crisis, national and international organizations expressed the need to coordinate their activities at the field level by organizing informal meetings in specific sectors of intervention (Education, Health, Shelter, etc.) The UNRC Tripoli Sub-Office was entrusted with the coordination of humanitarian and early recovery activities in NBC Adjacent Area.
11 Cluster Approach in NBC 7 clusters were developed in addition to the Early Recovery Inter-cluster Forum that is usually held on a monthly basis to discuss cross-cutting issues such as environment, protection, gender etc. Most of the clusters are being lead by UNRWA either in partnership with other UN agencies or INGOs.
12 Cluster Leads in NBC Other key development stakeholders in early recovery Bilateral Aid & Development Donors, Government Representatives, International Development NGOs & National NGOs Civil Society, Academia UN Agencies Development Transition Cluster Cluster Cluster Cluster Cluster Cluster Cluster Cluster Humanitarian UNRWA Resident Coordinator Office (UNRC) FI/NFI (Lead by UNRWA) Health (Lead by UNRWA) Early Recovery Inter-Cluster Forum (ERICF) Protection (Lead by OHCHR) Education (UNRWA & Save the Children Sweden) Shelter (UNRWA & Norwegian Refugee Council) WATSAN (UNICEF & UNRWA) Livelihoods (ILO) Recovery CROSS CUTTING ISSUES: RECONSTRUCTION PLAN, GENDER, ENVIRONMENT, VULNERABLE GROUPS, PROTECTION & IDPS SOCIO-ECONOMIC SITUATIONS
13 Cluster Organizational & Operational Tools Terms of reference for cluster and lead Up-to-date contact list Action Plan Agenda & Minutes of Meeting Assessments Information/Statistics Database Regular meetings schedule & Venue
14 Cluster Meetings in Cluster Number of Meetings FI/NFI 13 Health 15 Protection 11 Shelter 18 WATSAN 16 Livelihoods 10 Education 17 Early Recovery Inter-Cluster Forum 9 Online system to enhance information sharing
15 What does each cluster do? Information-sharing platform; Identifies gaps & minimizes duplication; Categorizes needs & aids organizations in deploying the necessary technical resources; Enhances collaboration between active actors; Ensures collective response to challenges as needed.
16 Where are we now? NBC operation is moving towards the early recovery phase. Many agencies/organizations have completed projects and are phasing out. Clusters are still in place and currently conducting assessments to plan the way forward. Possible shift to a different mechanism such as thematic meetings or the merging of clusters may take place but the outcome will be that a system will continue to be in place.
17 Thank You
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