SAGE LIBRARY OF MILITARY AND STRATEGIC STUDIES PROPAGANDA VOLUME I. Historical Origins, Definitions and the Changing Nature of Propaganda.

Transcription

1 SAGE LIBRARY OF MILITARY AND STRATEGIC STUDIES PROPAGANDA VOLUME I Historical Origins, Definitions and the Changing Nature of Propaganda Edited by Paul R. Baines and Nicholas J. O'Shaughnessy USAGE Los Angeles London New Delhi Singapore Washington DC

2 Contents Appendix of Sources xi Editors' Introduction Paul R. Baines and Nicholas J. O'Shaughnessy xxi Volume I: Historical Origins, Definitions and the Changing Nature of Propaganda Introduction: Historical Origins, Definitions and the Changing Nature of Propaganda Paul R. Baines and Nicholas J. O'Shaughnessy xxxvii 1. Selling Hitler: Propaganda and the Nazi Brand 1 2. A Typology of International Political Communication: Factual Statements, Propaganda, and Noise 31 David Drescher 3. Goebbels' Principles of Propaganda 43 Leonard W. Doob 4. Psychological Propaganda: The War of Ideas on Ideas during the First Half of the Twentieth Century 65 Lynette Finch 5. The Theory of Political Propaganda 83 Harold D. Lasswell 6. What Ever Happened to "Propaganda Analysis"? 89. Alfred Clung Lee 7. The Effectiveness of Soviet Anti-Religious Propaganda 103 David Powell 8. Propaganda Analysis and the Science of Democracy 119 Bruce Lannes Smith 9. Covert British Propaganda: The Information Research Department: Lyn Smith 10. Speech to the 1934 Nuremberg Party Rally 151 Joseph Goebbels 11. Techniques of Persuasion: Basic Ground Rules of British Propaganda during the Second World War 159 Philip M. Taylor 12. 'Munitions of the Mind': A Brief History of Military Psychological Operations 169 Philip M. Taylor 13. War Propaganda 183 Adolf Hitler

3 vl Contents 14. Coughlin and Propaganda Analysis 191 Elizabeth Brian t Lee 15. Toward a Science of Propaganda 201 Brett Silverstein 16. Sir Hedley Le Bas and the Origins of Domestic Propaganda in Britain Nicholas Hiley 17. The State and Propaganda 233 Z.A.B. Zeman 18. The Strategy of Soviet Propaganda 247 Harold D. Lasswell 19. Soviet International Propaganda: Its Role, Effectiveness, and Future 257 Zygmunt Nagorski, Jr 20. Advertising the Great War 269 Robert Jackall and Janice M. Hirota 21. Propaganda Analysis: The Search for an Appropriate Model 305 Suzanne C. Schick 22. Manipulating Public Opinion: The Why and the How 315 Edward L. Bernays 23. Historical Development of Public Opinion 327 Hans Speier Volume II: The Psychological and Sociological Underpinnings of Propaganda Introduction: The Psychological and Sociological Underpinnings of Propaganda Paul R. Baines and Nicholas J. O'Shaughnessy vii 24. Fighting Words: What We Can Learn from Hitler's Hyperbole 1 Michael Blain 25. Fear, Guilt, and Shame Appeals in Social Marketing 25 Linda Brennan and Wayne Binney 26. The Evasion of Propaganda: How Prejudiced People Respond to Anti-Prejudice Propaganda 43 Eunice Cooper and Marie Jahoda 27. Some Trends in International Propaganda 53 W. Phillips Davison 28. The Role of Fear in Persuasion 69 James Price Dillard and Jason W. Anderson 29. The Relationship between Coping and Avoiding Behavior and Response to Fear-Arousing Propaganda 87 Michael J. Goldstein 30. Resistance to "Counterpropaganda" Produced by One-Sided and Two-Sided "Propaganda" Presentations 99 Arthur A. Lumsdaine and Irving L. Janis

4 Contents vii 31. Distraction Can Enhance or Reduce Yielding to Propaganda: Thought Disruption versus Effort Justification 107 Richard E. Petty, Gary L. Wells and Timothy C. Brock 32. From Production to Propaganda? 125 Philip Schlesinger 33. "Beware the Semantic Trap": Language and Propaganda 145 Phillip C. Boardman 34. The Political Use of Victims: The Shaping of the Challenger Disaster 153 Jack Lule 35. Progressive Propaganda Critics and the Magic Bullet Myth 169 J. Michael Sproule 36. Sefton Delmer Creates a Radically New Concept 193 Stanley Newcourt-Nowodworski 37. The Sentiments and Morality of Crowds 223 Gustave he Bon 38. 'Remember the Llandovery Castle': Cases of Atrocity Propaganda in the First World War 239 Gordon Williams 39. Striking a Responsive Chord: How Political Ads Motivate and Persuade Voters by Appealing to Emotions 257 Ted Brader 40. Attitudes and Attitude Change 285 Shelly Chaiken and Charles Stangor Volume III: Propaganda in Military and Terrorism Contexts Introduction: Propaganda in Military and Terrorism Contexts Paul R. Baines and Nicholas J. O'Shaughnessy vii 41. Behavioural Conflict 1 Andrew Mackay and Steve Tatham 42. The Marketing of National Policies: A Study of War Propaganda 5 Edward L. Bernays 43. Information Operations, Public Diplomacy & Spin: The United States & the Politics of Perception Management 17 R. Brown 44. The Propaganda of the Deed: Terrorism, Counterterrorism, and Mobilization 29 Ethan Bueno de Mesquita and Eric S. Dickson 45. The Taliban's Propaganda Activities: How Well Is the Afghan Insurgency Communicating and What Is It Saying? 59 Tim Foxley 46. "Waist Deep in the Big Muddy": Rhetorical Dimensions of the Tet Offensive 83 J. Justin Gustainis

5 viii Contents 47. The Intelligence Services' Struggle against al-qaeda Propaganda 99 Javier Jordan, Manuel R. Torres and Nicola Horsburgh 48. Propaganda and the Gulf War 119 Garth S. Jowett 49. Selling Terror: The Symbolization and Positioning of Jihad 137 Nicholas J. O'Shaughnessy and Paul R. Baines 50. Waging Public Relations: A Cornerstone of Fourth-Generation Warfare 153 R.P Reid 51. Psychological Operations: A New Variation on an Age Old Art: Hezbollah versus Israel 171 Ron Schleifer 52. Creating Intelligence: Information Operations in Iraq 195 Glen M. Segell 53. Psychological Operations in the 1990s 217 Philip M. Taylor 54. Perception Management and the 'War' against Terrorism 223 P.M. Taylor 55. Terrorism as Persuasion: Possibilities and Trends 241 James McClenon 56. Propaganda and United States Foreign Policy: The Case of Panama 259 George Klay Kieh, Jr 57. Public Relations and Propaganda in Framing the Iraq War: A Preliminary Review 273 Ray Eldon Hiebert 58. When the British 'Tommy 1 Went to War, Public Opinion Followed 289 Paul Baines and Robert M. Worcester 59. Rhetoric in the Nazi Mind: Hitler's Theory of Persuasion 309 Jesse G. Delia Volume IV: Advances and Contemporary Issues in Propaganda Studies Introduction: Advances and Contemporaiy Issues in Propaganda Studies Paul R. Baines and Nicholas J. O'Shaughnessy vii 60. The Death and Life of Propaganda Evaluating the Effect of the Fear Appeal in Advertising: Implications for Information Operation Campaigns 19 PR. Baines 62. Roger, Me, and My Attitude: Film Propaganda and Cynicism toward Corporate Leadership 33 Thomas S. Bateman, Tomoaki Sakano and Makoto Fujita 63. The Religious Right's Battle Plan in the 'Civil War of Values' 43 John S. Detweiler

6 Contents ix 64. Appendix I: Effectiveness of Propaganda Jacques Ellul 65. Advertising as Public Diplomacy: Attitude Change among International Audiences Alice Kendrick and Jami A. Fullerton 66. Wasting the Propaganda Dollar John Spicer Nichols 67. Social Propaganda and Social Marketing: A Critical Difference? 68. Cyberspace - A New Medium for Communication, Command, and Control by Extremists Michael Whine 69. The Rise and Fall of Spin: Changes of Fashion in the Presentation of UK Politics Kevin Moloney 70. The Symbolic State: A British Experience 71. When Can Politicians Scare Citizens into Supporting Bad Policies? Arthur Lupia and Jesse 0. Menning 72. Two Leaders, Two Wars: A Psychological Analysis of Fear and Anger Content in Political Rhetoric about Terrorism Krista De Castella and Craig McGarty 73. Threat, Anxiety, and Support of Antiterrorism Policies Leonie Huddy, Stanley Feldman, Charles Taber and Gallya Lahav 74. The Politics of Threat: How Terrorism News Shapes Foreign Policy Attitudes Shana Kushner Gadarian 75. Effectiveness of International Propaganda L. John Martin