The Twin Territories. By W. David Baird and Danney Goble 1
|
|
- Dwight Little
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 The Twin Territories By W. David Baird and Danney Goble 1 Before there was any state of Oklahoma, there were two territories the Oklahoma and Indian territories which commonly were called the Twin Territories. In some respects their eventual combination into one state was the product of accident. But in another since, it was no accident at all. The political reality, Oklahoma, grew from circumstances that were both predictable and political themselves. However closely related, the Twin Territories were hardly identical. Roughly the western half of the modern state was known as Oklahoma Territory. On the east lay the estates of the Five Tribes. Although commonly referred to as Indian Territory, that particular term was much less political than it was geographical in meaning. After all, there was no single, unified government over those lands. Instead they were separated into five independent and quite distinct Indian republics. Tribal Politics As noted, political participation in each of those republics was tightly limited to the citizens of the separate tribe. Except for a handful of newcomers who had married into those tribes and thereby had acquired the status of tribal citizens, neither the whites nor the blacks who were flooding into the territory enjoyed any of the benefits of Indian citizenship. For tribal citizens, however, those governments were quite important. Both the full-bloods and their mixed-blood cousins were proud of their Indian heritage, and intermarried citizens also recognized the significance of tribal traditions. Not the least element of that heritage and those traditions was the set of tribal governments that had begun right after the removals. Although the forms of these tribal governments looked much like those common in most of the United States, the reality behind them was unique to Indian Territory. For example, although each tribe had at least two political parties, in no tribe were these at all related to the Democratic and Republican parties that existed throughout the rest of the nation. Instead the tribal parties continued to reflect distinctly Indian differences, many of which went back to pre-removal divisions. Thus the Creek Nation s political parties in the late 1800s still reflected the ancient split between Upper and Lower Creeks. Similarly, the Cherokee parties continued the rivalries between the Ridge and Ross factions. In practice the Indian governments exercised only the most limited powers. Although they continued to maintain fine schools for their own children and effective police forces for their own citizens, their authority over most of their residents were minimal. For example, tribal courts did not have jurisdiction over non-tribal members in the region which led to a large number of outlaws from the surrounding states taking refuge within Indian Territory. Also, the 1 From Baird, W. David and Danney Goble. The Story of Oklahoma. Norman, OK: Univ. of Oklahoma Press, 1994.
2 federal constitution s commerce clause allowed Congress to have ultimate power over the Choctaw Nation s coal industry rather than the Choctaw legislature. The whites and blacks who settled within Indian Territory, despite political standing within the tribes, still held Republican and Democratic party conventions and acted like their counterparts in the surrounding states. Although they knew that their actions were not valid, they were hopeful of a future when the Indians no longer possessed control over Indian Territory and they would be able to implement their own political agendas. These outsiders within Indian Territory selected their party allegiances based upon their attitudes regarding the Civil War and its aftermath. Blacks and those whites from the North favored the Republicans while those whites from the South favored the Democrats. In that Indian Territory was surrounded by former Confederate states, it attracted far more Democrats than Republicans. Should tribal government disappear, it was almost certain that Democrats would be in charge. Politics in Oklahoma Territory Oklahoma Territory, in the west, had similar patterns of party loyalty, but with less certainty about the eventual outcome. Being bordered by Union Kansas and the large number of freed blacks who sought land during the various land runs, Oklahoma attracted more Republicans than did Indian Territory. The balance of the two parties was near equal. Another difference separated the political affairs of the Twin Territories. Unlike the tribal dominance in Indian Territory, Oklahoma Territory did have a formal territorial government, established by the Organic Act of 1890 that officially created Oklahoma Territory. Modeled on similar patterns for the transition from territory to state status since the ratification of the constitution, the Organic Act provided a simple structure of government. A governor and a territorial secretary exercised executive authority, both appointed by the President. Legislative authority rested with a bicameral legislature selected by the territory s residents. Three judges appointed by the President oversaw the territorial courts. Party control in Oklahoma Territory generally went to the Republicans in that they held a slight majority, a majority that could be overcome if the Democrats would side with a minor party of any reasonable size. In that the President appointed the governor, secretary, and judges, whichever party controlled the White House controlled executive and judicial control in Oklahoma Territory. For thirteen of the seventeen years as a territory, Republicans controlled the presidency. Only one of the territory s nine governors was a Democrat. Progressivism During the territorial era a new political movement developed in response to the rapid growth of major corporations, such as the railroad and steel industries. Progressivism sought to limit the expansion of business by increasing the powers of government. Progressives called for laws to protect farmers, workers, children, and others from unfair corporate power. They also
3 wanted to edit governmental processes so that average people would have more of a say within government (i.e. direct election of national senators and female suffrage). In the Twin Territories progressives saw a magnificent opportunity to achieve all of those things and to achieve them all at once. Statehood would require Oklahomans to write a constitution. Progressives hoped to place every one of their ideas right in the heart of that constitution. The progressive agenda found favor among many Democrats, especially in Indian Territory. Uniting with other of like mind, they met in Muskogee in 1905 and gave form and substance to their ideas. Proposing to create a state of Indian Territory alone, they gave it a name Sequoyah and wrote a constitution for it. Contained within the proposed constitution was nearly every item on the progressive s wish list. Of course, Sequoyah never became a state. Progressive or not, any state formed from Indian Territory alone was certain to be Democratic. Republican President Theodore Roosevelt and the Republican controlled Congress had no interest in such a prospect. Instead, they insisted on a joint statehood of Democratic Indian Territory and Republican Oklahoma Territory that had some chance of sending Republicans to Washington. To prepare the way for its entry into the union, Congress approved the Oklahoma Enabling Act in The Constitutional Convention The Enabling Act authorized citizens in both territories to elect a single convention later in The 122 delegates (55 from Indian Territory, 55 from Oklahoma Territory, and two from the Osage Nation) would then meet in Guthrie to draft a proposed constitution for the new state. Within broad guidelines contained in the Enabling Act, the convention would be free to write anything its members wanted. In preparation for those elections, the progressive Democrats from the Sequoyah convention reminded potential voters of the progressive ideals that they already supported. They also vowed to support an additional list of progressive reforms proposed by both the Indiahoma Farmers Union and the Federation of Labor, whose members were both Democrats and Republicans. Republicans remained largely silent during much of the campaign for the upcoming election of convention delegates, believing that registered Republicans would select Republican delegates and Democrats would select Democratic delegates. However, Republicans were soon forced to voice a stance on an issue that arose during the campaigns. Most southern states had laws requiring racial segregation. These Jim Crow laws were a major reason that many blacks had migrated to the Twin Territories. Now, the Democrats in those territories, due in party to their southern legacies, began to demand that Oklahoma s new constitution must embrace Jim Crow laws too. Segregation was popular among most whites, even white republicans. This led the territory s Republicans into an impossible dilemma. If they opposed Jim Crow, many of their white supporters might vote Democratic. If they supported segregation, their black followers might not vote at all. Calculating that black voters had
4 nowhere else to turn, the Republicans made their decision and cast their support for Jim Crow laws as well. On the day of the election for delegates to the constitutional convention, the majority of whites voted for the party that committed itself to the progressive reforms, the Democrats. Most black voters, refusing to support a party which endorsed segregation, did not vote at all. After years of Republican domination in Oklahoma Territory, 100 of the 112 convention delegate seats went to the Democrats. Meeting at Guthrie through the last weeks of 1906 and early 1907, the Democratic victors proceeded to keep nearly all of their many pledges. One result was that they produced the longest written constitution produced up to that time. Another result was that Oklahoma s constitution was regarded as the most progressive for its day. Strict corporate regulation, safeguards for farmers, protection for workers, rights for children, new instruments of popular rule all of these and other provisions found their way into the 250,000-word document. There, too, was the mandate of segregation in the new state. When the constitution was submitted to the people for final ratification they were to vote both on the constitution and for those individuals who would become the first state officials in the event that Congress and President Theodore Roosevelt approved of the finished constitution. In the debate over ratification, Republicans encouraged voters to vote no on the constitution and while Democrats reminded voters that it was they who were chiefly responsible for its progressive provisions. This led the vast majority of the people, who supported the progressive agenda, to fear that Republicans, who were against the final constitution, might attempt to destroy its provisions if elected. When the results were counted, the constitution was overwhelmingly approved and Democrats were elected to every statewide office in the new government. Although Congress approved of the document, President Theodore Roosevelt wavered on signing the constitution. Roosevelt was opposed to segregation elements within the document. However, due to the Supreme Courts ruling in Plessy v. Ferguson, 1896, his advisors reminded him that segregation was considered to be legal. Reluctantly Roosevelt signed Oklahoma s constitution on November 16, With the stroke of the President s pen, Oklahoma became the forty-sixth state in the union and Charles N. Haskell, a key leader at both the Sequoyah and Guthrie constitutional conventions, was sworn in as and the first governor.
5 Twin Territories Questions Responses are to be on a separate sheet of paper. All responses are to be in complete sentences. 1. The Twin Territories was the name given to describe the Oklahoma Territory and Indian Territory, and both were distinctively different. According to the document, the term was more political than geographical. Explain why. 2. Tribal politics in Indian Territory resembled the political climate of America, but politics were uniquely different. Provide at least three examples of how politics were different. 3. Explain how the outsiders in Indian Territory were stratified. 4. How were politics in the Oklahoma Territory different from politics in Indian Territory/ 5. Explain the Organic Act beyond the act of creating the Oklahoma Territory. 6. How did Progressivism affect Oklahoma during territorial days? Be sure to explain in detail. 7. What was the Oklahoma Enabling Act of 1906? 8. Discuss the make-up of the Oklahoma Constitutional Convention. Be sure to address Republican and Democrat agendas. 9. What was Jim Crow and how did segregation correlate to Jim Crow? 10. What pledges did the Democrats make good once a state constitution was agreed up?
LECTURE 3-3: THE ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION AND THE CONSTITUTION
LECTURE 3-3: THE ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION AND THE CONSTITUTION The American Revolution s democratic and republican ideals inspired new experiments with different forms of government. I. Allegiances A.
More informationReforms of the Early 20th Century. (The emergence of government as a problem solver)
Reforms of the Early 20th Century (The emergence of government as a problem solver) Learning Target Explain the origins of the Populist Party and their impact on American life. Origins of the Populist
More informationVUS. 8.c&d: Immigration, Discrimination, and The Progressive Era
Name: Date: Period: VUS 8c&d: Immigration, Discrimination, and The Progressive Era Notes VUS8c&d: Immigration, Discrimination, and the Progressive Era 1 Objectives about Title VUS8 The student will demonstrate
More informationIntroduction What are political parties, and how do they function in our two-party system? Encourage good behavior among members
Chapter 5: Political Parties Section 1 Objectives Define a political party. Describe the major functions of political parties. Identify the reasons why the United States has a two-party system. Understand
More informationC. Progressive Era. 1. Prosper of Industry. a) Republican policies
C. Progressive Era 1. Prosper of Industry a) Republican policies Following the Civil War, Republicans attacked Democrats by waving the bloody shirt, leading to many victories Other major issues included
More informationVUS. 8.c&d: Immigration, Discrimination, and The Progressive Era
Name: Date: Period: VUS 8c&d: Immigration, Discrimination, and The Progressive Era Notes VUS8c&d: Immigration, Discrimination, and the Progressive Era 1 Objectives about Title VUS8 The student will demonstrate
More informationUnit 3 Review. Populism and Progressivism
Unit 3 Review Populism and Progressivism The practice of handing out government jobs to supporters of a winning campaign for federal offices, especially the presidency patronage The practice of handing
More informationWe the People Unit 5: Lesson 23. How does the Constitution protect freedom of expression?
We the People Unit 5: Lesson 23 How does the Constitution protect freedom of expression? Freedom of expression First Amendment: Congress shall make no law abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press;
More informationLesson 1. Nation and State. to change the law. Changes to the. Constitution are called amendments. The. first ten amendments are called the Bill of
Lesson 1 Nation and State Governments make and carry out rules. They also settle arguments about rules. The rules that governments make are called laws. Towns and counties have governments. States, tribes,
More informationChapter 5: Political Parties Ms. Nguyen American Government Bell Ringer: 1. What is this chapter s EQ? 2. Interpret the quote below: No America
Chapter 5: Political Parties Ms. Nguyen American Government Bell Ringer: 1. What is this chapter s EQ? 2. Interpret the quote below: No America without democracy, no democracy without politics, no politics
More informationCHAPTER 2 Texas in the Federal System
CHAPTER 2 Texas in the Federal System MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. All but which of the following is one of the primary types of governmental systems? a. Federal b. Unitary c. Socialist d. Confederal e. All of the
More informationbk12c - The Reconstruction Era ( )
bk12c - The Reconstruction Era (1865-1877) MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Why was a plan for Reconstruction of the South needed? A The Lincoln administration did not want to readmit the Confederate states to the Union.
More informationReconstruction Practice Test
Class: Date: Reconstruction Practice Test Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. The main goal of Reconstruction was to a. readmit the former
More informationReconstruction
Reconstruction 1865-1876 WHAT IS RECONSTRUCTION? A rebuilding of the South after the Civil War between 1865-1877 Re = again, Construct = build to build again Post-war problems: NORTH 800,000 union soldiers
More informationReconstruction Unit Vocabulary
Reconstruction Unit Vocabulary 1. Reconstruction: (1865 1877) Period of time following the Civil War during which the U.S. government worked to reunite the nation and to rebuild the southern states. 2.
More informationProgressives Those who supported political, social, and economic change in the United States. They called for more regulation of business improved
Progressives Those who supported political, social, and economic change in the United States. They called for more regulation of business improved wages for workers regulations over work environments laws
More information2. How did progressives feel they could improve society? II. Reforming Government 4. How did progressives think cities should be governed?
Name: Class: Date: Guided Reading Activity The Progressive Movement, 1890 1920 Review Questions: Using Headings and Subheadings DIRECTIONS: Locate each heading below in your textbook. Then use the information
More informationSSUSH13 The student will identify major efforts to reform American society and politics in the Progressive Era
SSUSH13 The student will identify major efforts to reform American society and politics in the Progressive Era Examine this Advertisement: 1. What is your initial reaction to this advertisement? 2. Is
More informationAge of Jackson. 7 pages
Age of Jackson 7 pages James Monroe 1817-1825 He is still president U.S. Territory The United States in 1819 (the light orange and light green areas were not then U.S. territory). The Missouri Compromise
More informationChapter 18: The Progressive Reform Era ( )
Name: Period Page# Chapter 18: The Progressive Reform Era (1890 1920) Section 1: The Origins of Progressivism What were the key goals of Progressives? How did the ideas of Progressive writers help to inspire
More informationChapter 16 - Reconstruction
Chapter 16 - Reconstruction Section Notes Rebuilding the South The Fight over Reconstruction Reconstruction in the South Quick Facts The Reconstruction Amendments Hopes Raised and Denied Chapter 16 Visual
More informationGoal 1. Analyze the political, economic, and social impact of Reconstruction on the nation and identify the reasons why Reconstruction came to an end.
Reconstruction Goal 1 Analyze the political, economic, and social impact of Reconstruction on the nation and identify the reasons why Reconstruction came to an end. Essential Questions: How are civil liberties
More informationd. urges businesses not to comply with federal safety standards. *e. refuses to buy goods from a particular company.
Which of the following best describes the concept of civil rights? a. Rights generally accorded all citizens b. Political rights of speech and assembly c. Rights extended to citizens from legislative action
More informationGovernment: Unit 2 Guided Notes- U.S. Constitution, Federal System, Civil Rights & Civil Liberties
Name: Date: Block: Unit 2 Standards: SSGSE 3: Demonstrate knowledge of the framing and structure of the U.S. Constitution. a. Analyze debates during the drafting of the Constitution, including the Three-Fifths
More informationChapter 17 - Reconstruction
Chapter 17 - Reconstruction Section Notes Rebuilding the South The Fight over Reconstruction Reconstruction in the South Quick Facts The Reconstruction Amendments Hopes Raised and Denied Chapter 17 Visual
More information7-3: The Progressive Era, II
7-3: The Progressive Era, II Growth expanded opportunity, while economic instability led to new efforts to reform U.S. society and its economic system. In the Progressive Era of the early 20th century,
More informationQuick Class Discussion: What problems existed within the city, state, and national gov ts?
During the Gilded Age, city, state, and national governments were in need of reform Corrupt political machines controlled city gov ts Political positions were gained based on patronage not merit Corruption
More information3/28/12. Progressivism Under Taft and Wilson
Progressivism Under Taft and Wilson Taft won the 1908 Presidential election over William Jennings Bryan He promised to continue Roosevelt s progressive reforms, but appointed no progressives to his cabinet
More informationChapter 11: Civil Rights
Chapter 11: Civil Rights Section 1: Civil Rights and Discrimination Section 2: Equal Justice under Law Section 3: Civil Rights Laws Section 4: Citizenship and Immigration Main Idea Reading Focus Civil
More informationS apt ect er ion 25 1 Section 1 Terms and People Jim Crow laws poll tax literacy test grandfather clause gre tion and Social Tensions
Terms and People Jim Crow laws laws that kept blacks and whites segregated poll tax a tax which voters were required to pay to vote literacy test a test, given at the polls to see if a voter could read,
More informationTheodore Roosevelt -rose steadily through gov t ranks. -Spanish American War. -Gov. of NY reform governor. -Vice President of William McKinley
Theodore Roosevelt -rose steadily through gov t ranks -Spanish American War -Gov. of NY reform governor -Vice President of William McKinley -Became President with McKinley s assassination Square Deal -
More informationCHAPTER 9: Political Parties
CHAPTER 9: Political Parties Reading Questions 1. The Founders and George Washington in particular thought of political parties as a. the primary means of communication between voters and representatives.
More informationChapter 11 Packet--Dr. Larson
Name: Class: _ Date: _ Chapter 11 Packet--Dr. Larson Matching IDENTIFYING KEY TERMS, PEOPLE, AND PLACES Match each item with the correct statement below. You will not use all the items. a. direct primary
More informationOklahoma. Score: 7.5. Restrictions on Oklahoma s Initiative & Referendum Rights. Oklahoma s Initiative & Referendum Rights
Oklahoma C+ Score: 7.5 Oklahoma citizens enjoy the right to propose constitutional amendments and state laws by petition, and to call a People s Veto (a statewide referendum) on laws passed by the legislature.
More informationOUTLINE 7-3: THE PROGRESSIVE ERA, II
OUTLINE 7-3: THE PROGRESSIVE ERA, II Growth expanded opportunity, while economic instability led to new efforts to reform U.S. society and its economic system. In the Progressive Era of the early 20 th
More informationChapter 14. Oklahoma Territory
Chapter 14 Oklahoma Territory LAND OF THE RED MAN. In 1866, when the Reconstruction treaties were signed between leaders of the Five Civilized Tribes and the United States Government, Choctaw Chief Allen
More informationChapter 16 Reconstruction and the New South
Chapter 16 and the New South (1863 1896) What You Will Learn As the Civil War ended, disagreements over led to conflict, and African Americans lost many of the rights they had gained. Key Events 1863 President
More informationThe Texas Constitution
The Texas Constitution Texas Constitutional History As the basic law outlining the primary structure and functions of a government, constitutions invariably reflect history and culture, and state constitutions
More information5-8 Social Studies Curriculum Alignment. Strand 1: History
5-8 Social Studies Curriculum Alignment Strand 1: History Content Standard 1: Students are able to identify important people and events in order to analyze significant patterns, relationships, themes,
More informationChapter 6, Lesson 3. The Wilson Years
Chapter 6, Lesson 3 The Wilson Years VOCAB: income tax, unfair trade practices, unconstitutional ESSENTIAL QUESTION: Can politics fix social problems? [ANSWER NOW] Was the Progressive Movement a success?
More informationThe Evolution of US Electoral Methods. Michael E. DeGolyer Professor, Government & International Studies Hong Kong Baptist University
The Evolution of US Electoral Methods Michael E. DeGolyer Professor, Government & International Studies Hong Kong Baptist University Evolution of the Right to Vote A. States have traditionally had primary
More informationConstitution Cheat Sheet
Constitution Cheat Sheet The Preamble to the Constitution has no force in law; instead, it establishes the "Why" of the Constitution. Why is this document in existence? It reflects the desires of the Framers
More informationThe United States entered the Progressive Era from 1890 to 1920 when a variety of reformers tried to clean up problems created during the Gilded Age
The United States entered the Progressive Era from 1890 to 1920 when a variety of reformers tried to clean up problems created during the Gilded Age What problems existed in the Gilded Age? The United
More informationThe Americans (Survey)
The Americans (Survey) Chapter 17: TELESCOPING THE TIMES The Progressive Era CHAPTER OVERVIEW In the first two decades of the 1900s, Americans embrace the Progressive movement and many of its reforms.
More informationU.S. History Abroad. For American History Standards of Learning
U.S. History Abroad For American History Standards of Learning Learn which grades your child should be able to interpret patriotic slogans and excerpts from notable speeches and documents. When should
More informationMaking it Easier to Vote vs. Guarding Against Election Fraud
Making it Easier to Vote vs. Guarding Against Election Fraud In recent years, the Democratic Party has pushed for easier voting procedures. The Republican Party worries that easier voting increases the
More informationGREENWOOD PUBLIC SCHOOL DISTRICT Mississippi Studies Pacing Guide st Semester FIRST NINE WEEKS
1 st Semester FIRST NINE WEEKS 1 Aug.06-10 Introduction Class Rules & Expectations/Issue Textbooks/Learning Style Inventories Identify and locate major geographical features of and how they contribute
More informationReconstruction Change in the South: Chapter 14, Section 4
Reconstruction Change in the South: Chapter 14, Section 4 Economic, social, and political changes create new traditions, values, and beliefs. As Reconstruction ended, white Southerners attempted to make
More information5/5/2015. AP GOPO Late Start Review Session. Top 21 Most Tested Concepts. 1. The Articles of Confederation. 2. The Federalist Papers
AP GOPO Late Start Review Session May 5, 2015 Top 21 Most Tested Concepts 1. The Articles of Confederation Established a decentralized system of government with a weak central government that had limited
More informationThe Era of Reconstruction
The Era of Reconstruction 1 www.heartpunchstudio.com/.../reconstruction.jpg 2 Learning Objectives 3 Define the major problems facing the South and the nation after the Civil War. Analyze the differences
More informationAmerican Federation of Labor (AFL) Booker T. Washington. boycotts. child labor. civil rights
American Federation of Labor (AFL) this was an early union which hoped to organize all working men and women into a single union. This union pursued social reforms like equal pay for equal work, 8 hour
More informationFB/CCU U.S. HISTORY COURSE DESCRIPTION / LEARNING OBJECTIVES
FB/CCU U.S. HISTORY COURSE DESCRIPTION / LEARNING OBJECTIVES In the pages that follow, the Focus Questions found at the beginning of each chapter in America: A Narrative History have been reformulated
More informationCivics (History and Government) Items for the Redesigned Naturalization Test
Civics (History and Government) Items for the Redesigned Naturalization Test Beginning October 1, 2008, U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) will begin implementation of a redesigned naturalization
More informationThe Progressive Era. Political Reform
The Progressive Era Political Reform Progressivism Not one single unified movement A wide range of economic, political, social, and moral reforms. Progress would only occur through human intervention to
More informationFederalism: Forging a Nation. Chapter 3
Federalism: Forging a Nation Chapter 3 Federalism: National and State Sovereignty The Argument for Federalism Authority divided into two levels: national and regional each directly governs the people and
More informationTHEMATIC ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS BY UNIT
THEMATIC ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS BY UNIT Directions: All responses must include evidence (use of vocabulary). UNIT ONE: 1492-1607: GEOGRAPHY AND ENVIRONMENT PRE-COLUMBIAN TO EARLY COLONIZATION How did the
More informationSOCIAL STUDIES GRADE 10 AMERICAN HISTORY. I Can Checklist Office of Teaching and Learning Curriculum Division
SOCIAL STUDIES AMERICAN HISTORY GRADE 10 I Can Checklist 2018-2019 Aligned with Ohio s Learning Standards for Social Studies Office of Teaching and Learning Curriculum Division 1 2 _ I can analyze a historical
More information1. What is the supreme law of the land? the Constitution
Do you need to take the citizenship test? / Necesitas tomar el exámen de ciudadanía? The 100 Questions of Citizenship / Las 100 Preguntas de Ciudadanía 1. What is the supreme law of the land? the Constitution
More informationUniversity of Oklahoma Libraries Western History Collections. William Charles Rogers Collection
University of Oklahoma Libraries Western History Collections William Charles Rogers Collection Rogers, William Charles. Printed materials, 1893 1907..66 foot. Indian chief. Typescripts of editorials and
More informationChapter 18. Section 3: Progressivism Under Taft & Wilson
Chapter 18 Section 3: Progressivism Under Taft & Wilson Taft s Presidency Taft had Roosevelt s backing to easily win the election of 1908 over Democrat William Jennings Bryan Conflict over Tariffs Taft
More informationTHE RECONSTRUCTION ERA
THE RECONSTRUCTION ERA 1865-1877 ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS I. What problems faced the nation during Reconstruction? II. How well did Reconstruction governments in the South succeed? III. What factors promoted
More informationCHAPTER 9: THE ASCENSION AND PRESIDENCY OF ANDREW JACKSON
CHAPTER 9: THE ASCENSION AND PRESIDENCY OF ANDREW JACKSON How did the Panic of 1819, and the Missouri Crisis increase citizens awareness of politics and government? The recession caused by the panic made
More informationThe Reconstruction Era
The Reconstruction Era To what extent did Reconstruction bring African Americans closer to full citizenship? Key Content Terms As you complete the Reading Notes, use these terms in your answers. Reconstruction
More informationUS Survey Course. Introduction. Essential Questions
US Survey Course Introduction I. Balancing Liberty and Order 1753 1820 (4 5 II. An Emerging New Nation 1783 1855 (6 9) III. Division and Uneasy Reunion 1846 1877(10 12) IV. Expansion: Rewards and Costs
More informationThe election of 1912
The election of 1912 The Republican Party & President William H. Taft Keep the Whistle Blowing Taft was determined to defeat TR and preserve the conservative heart of the Republican Party. Come, Mr. President.
More informationChapter 17. Essential Question. Who were the progressives, and how did they address the problems they saw? 17.1
Chapter 17 Essential Question Who were the progressives, and how did they address the problems they saw? 17.1 Jane Addams was a cofounder of Chicago s Hull House. Hull House was one of a number of settlement
More informationElection of Lincoln (U) defeats McClellan (D) to 21; 55%-45%
Election of 1864 Lincoln (U) defeats McClellan (D) - 212 to 21; 55%-45% Republican Party vanished - Joined w/ War Democrats to form Union Party maneuver to corale unified front against the Southerners
More informationAfrican American History Policy Timeline 1700-Present
African American History Policy Timeline 1700-Present 1711 Great Britain s Queen Anne overrules a Pennsylvania colonial law prohibiting slavery. 1735 South Carolina passes laws requiring enslaved people
More informationCivics (History and Government) Questions for the Naturalization Test
(rev. 01/17) Civics (History and Government) Questions for the Naturalization Test The 100 civics (history and government) questions and answers for the naturalization test are listed below. The civics
More information9.1 Introduction When the delegates left Independence Hall in September 1787, they each carried a copy of the Constitution. Their task now was to
9.1 Introduction When the delegates left Independence Hall in September 1787, they each carried a copy of the Constitution. Their task now was to convince their states to approve the document that they
More informationGovernment Chapter 5 Study Guide
Government Chapter 5 Study Guide Civil rights Policies designed to protect people against a liberty or discriminatory treatment by government officials or individuals Two centuries of struggle Conception
More informationOKLAHOMA REPUBLICAN PARTY
OKLAHOMA REPUBLICAN PARTY THE OFFICIAL CALL FOR THE 2015 OKLAHOMA REPUBLICAN STATE CONVENTION SATURDAY, APRIL 11, 2015 Crossroads Church, Oklahoma City OK OKLAHOMA CITY, OKLAHOMA Precinct Meetings (no
More informationTIGER V. WESTERN INV. CO. 221 U.S. 286 (1911)
TIGER V. WESTERN INV. CO. 221 U.S. 286 (1911) MR. JUSTICE DAY delivered the opinion of the court. This case involves the validity of conveyances made by Marchie Tiger, plaintiff in error, a full-blood
More informationKansas Speaks 2015 Statewide Public Opinion Survey
Kansas Speaks 2015 Statewide Public Opinion Survey Prepared For The Citizens of Kansas By The Docking Institute of Public Affairs Fort Hays State University Copyright October 2015 All Rights Reserved Fort
More informationAIR Review Constitution NAME
AIR Review Constitution NAME Basic Principals of the U.S. Constitution Understanding the Constitution as the structure of the U.S. government and the Bill of Rights protecting citizen rights. Reconstruction
More informationWARM UP. 2 Match the presidential event with the president or presidents that it belongs with
WARM UP 1 Complete the Progressive Presidential comparison activity 2 Match the presidential event with the president or presidents that it belongs with 3 Research the event if it was not discussed in
More informationThe New Deal
The New Deal 1932-1941 NOTE WRITE THE FULL NAME OF THE AGENCIES YOU ARE ASKED ABOUT ON YOUR GUIDED NOTES Roaring Twenties Politics Change With the deepening Depression in full effect many Americans are
More informationChapter 8, Section 3
Chapter 8, Section 3 Big Ideas: The Election of 1912 Wilson won the election because Republican voters split with some voting for Taft and others for Roosevelt. Election of 1912 Roosevelt felt that Taft
More informationThe States: Experiments in Republicanism State constitutions served as experiments in republican government The people demand written constitutions
The States: Experiments in Republicanism State constitutions served as experiments in republican government The people demand written constitutions provide clear definition of rights describe clear limits
More informationLecture: Progressives. Learning Target: I can describe the political and social changes the United States went through during the Progressive Era
Lecture: Progressives Learning Target: I can describe the political and social changes the United States went through during the Progressive Era I-Prior to 1900, presidents were not very strong (1877-1900)
More informationWhat Was Progressivism
Chapter 6 Progressivism What Was Progressivism Progressivism- address the social problems that industrialization created Improve living conditions, question business practices, improve/fix government Muckrakers-
More informationUnit 2 Chapter Test. The Americans Grade 11 McDougal Littell NAME. Main Ideas Choose the letter of the best answer.
The Americans Grade 11 McDougal Littell NAME Unit 2 Chapter Test Main Ideas Choose the letter of the best answer. 1) Which of the following marked the collapse of Populism? (a) the Panic of 1891 (b) the
More informationReconstruction s Presidents
Reconstruction s Presidents Lincoln s Plan Former Confederate states: 10% of its citizens must swear loyalty to the United States. Representatives from that state would then be seated at Congress and
More informationUniversity of Oklahoma Libraries Western History Collections. Pleasant Porter Collection
University of Oklahoma Libraries Western History Collections Pleasant Porter Collection Porter, Pleasant (1840 1907). Papers, 1871 1902. 1.66 feet. Indian chief. Typescripts of correspondence (1894 1901);
More informationLESSON 12 CIVIL RIGHTS ( , )
LESSON 12 CIVIL RIGHTS (456-458, 479-495) UNIT 2 Civil Liberties and Civil Rights ( 10%) RACIAL EQUALITY Civil rights are the constitutional rights of all persons, not just citizens, to due process and
More informationReconstruction After the war, the South needed to be rebuilt physically, economically, and politically. Reconstruction was the rebuilding of these
Reconstruction Reconstruction After the war, the South needed to be rebuilt physically, economically, and politically. Reconstruction was the rebuilding of these systems after the war. Presidential Plan
More information*Assassination Videos*
Lincoln was shot by John Wilkes Booth on April 14, 1865 (5 days after the war ended) Andrew Johnson became president and vowed to fulfill Lincoln s goal of putting the nation back together *Assassination
More informationThe Reconstruction Era
The Reconstruction Era To what extent did Reconstruction bring African Americans closer to full citizenship? P R E V I E W Suppose that you are an emancipated slave in the South at the end of the Civil
More informationCompetition. - Eugene Debs
Competition Competition was natural enough at one time, but do you think you are competing today? Many of you think you are competing. Against whom? Against Rockefeller? About as I well as I would if I
More information*Progressivism, * Can politics fix social problems?
*Progressivism, 1890-1920* Can politics fix social problems? I. The Roots of Progressivism Essential Question: Can politics fix social problems? Vocabulary: muckraker direct primary initiative referendum
More informationName Class Date. Section 1 The Mississippi Territory, Directions: Use the information from pages to complete the following.
GUIDED READING A Place Called Mississippi Chapter 4: From Territory to Statehood, 1798-1860 Section 1 The Mississippi Territory, 1798-1817 Directions: Use the information from pages 91-102 to complete
More informationSection 1: Segregation and Social Tension
Section 1: Segregation and Social Tension Post Civil War the government was passing laws that increased the rights of freed slaves. During the Gilded Age, however, most began to have their rights narrowed.
More informationRock the Vote Democracy Class Curriculum National Congress of American Indians Supplement to Rock the NATIVE Vote!
Rock the Vote Democracy Class Curriculum National Congress of American Indians Supplement to Rock the NATIVE Vote! Civically informed youth are civically engaged youth! NCAI has developed this Native specific
More informationMr. Meighen AP United States History Summer Assignment
Mr. Meighen AP United States History Summer Assignment AP United States History serves as an advanced-level Social Studies class whose purpose is to analyze the history and development of the United States
More informationCHAPTER 2: Texas in the Federal System
CHAPTER 2: Texas in the Federal System MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. A system of government that is divided and shared between a national or central government and state or regional governments is utilized by a.
More informationThe End of Indian Territory
THE AMERICANIZATION OF OKLAHOMA chapter 16 The End of Indian Territory Key Themes Democracy and Civil Rights Congress abolishes Indian governments and divides each tribe s collectively owned land into
More informationTHE NEW DEAL COALITION. Chapter 12 Section 3 US History
THE NEW DEAL COALITION Chapter 12 Section 3 US History THE NEW DEAL COALITION ROOSEVELT S SECOND TERM MAIN IDEA Roosevelt was easily reelected, but the New Deal lost momentum during his second term due
More information10/6/11. A look at the history and organization of US Constitution
A look at the history and organization of US Constitution During Revolution, the states created a confederation. Loose association of states. Continental Congress responsible to war effort during the Revolution.
More informationImmigration and the Peopling of the United States
Immigration and the Peopling of the United States Theme: American and National Identity Analyze relationships among different regional, social, ethnic, and racial groups, and explain how these groups experiences
More informationRobert Owen and His Legacy. Esther L. George President and Chief Executive Officer Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City
Robert Owen and His Legacy Esther L. George President and Chief Executive Officer Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City Oklahoma History Center Oklahoma City October 16, 2013 The views expressed by the author
More information