WAR AND PEACE IN THE MIDDLE EAST, AP/POLS A/AP/MIST3260.6,

Transcription

1 WAR AND PEACE IN THE MIDDLE EAST, AP/POLS A/AP/MIST3260.6, Fall double intensity 2014 Department of Political Science, Department of Equity Studies, Faculty of Liberal Arts and Professional Studies, York University Professor Saeed Rahnema, Course Schedule: Tuesdays and Thursdays, 11:30-2:30 Class Room: ACW 306 Office Hours: Atkinson 402, Tues and Thurs 2:30-3:00 pm. (TAs office hours TBA) TAs: Vojislav Roja Ghahari, This course provides the background to the most important factors and processes affecting conflicts, wars, and peace in the Middle East. Numerous wars and continuing conflicts in the region cannot be understood without the basic knowledge of the historical interplay of diverse factors including foreign powers involvement in the processes of state formation in the region, ethnic, religious, and ideological diversity, nationalism, resource scarcity, economic development, politics of oil, politics of water, arms sale, gender politics, and authoritarianism. These topics form the first part of the course, and will set the stage for the study of the different wars in the Middle East. While the primary focus of the second part of the course will be on the Arab-Israel wars and conflicts, the course will also cover revolutions and wars in other parts of the region, including Iranian revolution, the Iran-Iraq war, the Iraq's invasion of Kuwait, and the US-led coalitions against Iraq. Canada s Middle East policy will also be discussed. Materials in the course are chosen from diverse sources reflecting the heterogeneity of views, methods and modes of analysis. The required readings (marked by * in the syllabus are from selected chapters of the text, W. L. Cleveland, A History of the Modern Middle East, 5 th edition, 2013, and those marked by ** are from selected journals and other sources. Both categories are available electronically and can be accessed using the library s e-resources. Each session will begin with a review of current events in the Middle East. Students are expected to follow the news and participate in the discussions. Course Requirements The course consists of lectures and discussions of students synopses. The lectures supplement the readings, and there will be no separate tutorials. Students are expected to do the required readings and actively participate in the class discussions. Each student will be required to select a topic and write a short synopsis (5 pages double-spaced) based on two readings, and pose two essay-type questions to be discussed in the session dealing with that topic. Students are also required to write two exams, one in the middle of the term and one at the end of the term (2 hours each). Finally, there will be a term paper (about pages double-spaced) on one of the course topics approved by the TA. Please refer to the guidelines at the end of this course outline. Grading: Class participation, 10% Presentation or Synopsis, 15% Mid-term exam, 20% End of term exam, 30% Paper 25% 1

2 Course Syllabus: (Sept. 09, 2014), INTRODUCTION Introducing the course; choosing presentation/synopsis topics; Defining the Middle East; and Theoretical and Methodological Considerations. (Sept. 11, 2014) GENERAL HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE -*W. L. Cleveland, A History of the Modern Middle East, 2013 chs. 1 and 2. -**C. Held and J. Thomas Cummings (2010) The Peoples and Cultures of the Middle East, in Karl Yambert (ed.) The Contemporary Middle East: A Westview Reader. Chapter 1, L. P. Gartner, History of the Jews in Modern Times, 2001, chs. 8 and 9. -A. Hourani, A History of the Arab Peoples, 1992, ch. 16. (Sept. 16, 2014) WESTERN POWERS AND THE MIDDLE EAST -* L. Cleveland, A History of the Modern Middle East Chapters. 3 and 9 -**McDougall, James. (2011). 'The British and French Empire in the Arab World: ', in Sally N. Cummings, and Raymond A. Hinnebusch (Eds.) Sovereignty after Empire: Comparing the Middle East and Central Asia. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. -Sluglett, Peter, (2014). 'An Improvement on Colonialism? The 'A' Mandates and their Legacy in the Middle East'. International Affairs, 90(2): Gerges, Fawaz A. (2013). The Obama Approach to the Middle East: The End of America s Moment?, International Affairs, 89(2): (Sept. 18, 2014) FORMER USSR/RUSSIA & THE MIDDLE EAST -**Dannreuther, Roland. (2012). "Russia and the Middle East: A Cold War Paradigm?, Europe-Asia Studies 64(3): **Oskarsson, Katerina and Yetiv, Steve A. 'Russia and the Persian Gulf: Trade, Energy, and Interdependence', Middle East Journal, 67(3): Kalinovsky, Artemy. (2009). Decision Making and the Soviet War in Afghanistan: From Intervention to Withdrawal, Journal of Cold War Studies, 11(4): Dimitrakis, Panagiotis. (2012). The Soviet Invasion of Afighanistan: International Reactions, Military Intelligence and British Diplomacy, Middle Eastern Studies, 48: (Sept. 23, 2014) POLITICS OF OIL AND ARMS RACE -**Askari, Hossein. (2012). Oil Rent, Political and Military Policies and the Fallout: Implications for the Middle East, in Robert Looney (Ed.) Handbook of Oil Politics. London: Routledge, p ** Donald L. Losman (2010) The Rentier State and National Oil Companies: An Economic and Political Perspectives, Middle East Journal, 64:3, Saab, Bilal Y. (2013). 'The Future of Arms Control in the Middle East', Middle East Journal, 67(3): Bahgat, Gawdat. (2011). A Nuclear Arms Race in the Middle East: Myth or Reality? Mediterranean Quarterly, 22(1): (Sep 25, 2014) WATER AND POLITICS -**Andrew C. Godlewski (2010). Damming the Peace Process: Water Politics and Its Impact on the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict, Journal Of Muslim Minority Affairs, 30:2, **M. Haddadin, "Water in the Middle East Peace Process", The Geographical Journal, Vol. 168(4). December, L.G. Potter and G. Sick, Iran, Iraq, and the Legacies of War Ch. 2 ( R. Schofield, The Shatt al- Arab Dispute in Perspective). -Fira Seliktar, Turning Water into Fire: The Jordan River Basins and the Hidden Factor in the Six Day War, MERIA Vol. 9(2), June

3 (Sep 30, 2014) RELIGIOUS FUNDAMENTALISM; Christian, Jewish -**Byman, Daniel and Sachs, Natan. (2012). The Rise of Settler Terrorism, Foreign Affairs, 91: **Miller, Paul D. (2014). 'Evangelicals, Israel and US Foreign Policy', Survival, 56(1): Pratt, Douglas (2010), Religion and Terrorism: Christian Fundamentalism and Extremism, Terrorism and Political Violence, 22:3, Shelef, Nadav G. and Shelef, Orie. (2013). 'Democratic Inclusion and Religious Nationalists in Israel', Political Science Quarterly, 128: (Oct. 2, 2014) RELIGIOUS FUNDAMENTALISM; Islamist -**S. Rahnema. (2008) Radical Islamism and Failed Developmentalism, Third World Quarterly, 29 (3): **Belkeziz, Abdelilah. (2013). 'Religion and the State in Contemporary Arab Society: Theoretically, Practically and Prospectively', Contemporary Arab Affairs, 6(4): Quintan Wiktorowicz, A Genealogy of Radical Islam. Studies in Conflict and Terrorism, Vol. 28(2), 2005, p Guirguis, Max. (2013). Islamic Resurgence and Its Consequences in the Egyptian Experience, Mediterranean Studies, 20(2): (Oct. 7, 2014) ECONOMIC (UNDER-) DEVELOPMENT -**Bogaert, Koenraad. (2013). 'Contextualizing the Arab Revolts: The Politics Behind Three Decades of Neoliberalism in the Arab World', Middle East Critique, 22(3): **Harris, Kevan. (2013). The Rise of the Subcontractor State: Politics of Pseudo-Privatization in the Islamic Republic of Iran, International Journal of Middle East Studies, 45: A. Hanieh, Beyond Mubarak: Reframing the politics and economics of Egypt s Uprising, Studies in Political Economy 87, spring Corm, George. (2012) The Socio-Economic Factors Behind the Arab Revolution, Contemporary Arab Affairs, 5(3): (Oct. 9, 2014) ETHNICITY AND NATIONALISM -**Ghanem, As'ad. (2013). 'Palestinian Nationalism: An Overview', Israel Studies, 18(2): **Moaz, Moshe. (2013). 'The Zionist/Jewish and Palestinian/Arab National Movements: The Question of Legitimacy- A Comparative Observation', Israel Studies, 18(2): Lowrance, Sherry, Nationalism without Nation: State-Building in Early Twentieth-Century Palestine, Middle East Critique, 21(1), 2012: Sawani, Youssef M. (2012) The End of Pan-Arabism Revisited: Reflections on the Arab Spring, Contemporary Arab Affairs, 5(2): (Oct, 14, 2014) GENDER POLITICS -**Haideh Moghissi. (2011) Islamic Feminism Revisited, Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East, 31(1): **Ruth Halperin-Kaddari & Yaacov Yadgar. (2010). Between Universal Feminism and Particular Nationalism: Politics, Religion and Gender (in)equality in Israel, Third World Quarterly, 31:6, Lavie, Smadar. (2011) Mizrahi Feminism and the Question of Palestine, Journal of Middle East Women s Studies, 7(2): L. Ahmed, A Quiet Revolution, (2011), Yale University Press, Ch. 1. (Oct. 16, 2014) DEMOCRACY, AUTHORITARIANISM AND THE ARAB SPRING -**Bellin, Eva. (2012). 'Reconsidering the Robustness of Authoritarianism in the Middle East: Lessons from the Arab Spring', Comparative Politics, 44: **Norton, Augustus R. (2013). 'The Arab Awakening and its New Landscape', The International Spectator, 48(2): Salloukh, Bassel F. (2013), 'The Arab Uprisings and the Geopolitics of the Middle East', The 3

4 International Spectator, 48(2): Haideh Moghissi, (2013) Arab Spring and Women s Rights, Against the Current, July-Aug (Oct. 21, 2014) Mid-term exam (Oct. 23, 2014) ISRAEL -*W. L. Cleveland, A History of the Modern Middle East, 2013, ch. 13. (The Palestine Mandate and the Birth of the State of Israel). -**Shlaim, Avi. (2012) The Iron Wall Revisited, Journal of Palestine Studies, 41(2): Jones, Clive and Milton-Edwards, Beverly. (2013). Missing the Devils We Knew? Israel and Political Islam amid the Arab Awakening, International Affairs, 89(2): 3// Dessi, Andrea. (2013). 'Israel and the Palestinians in a Changing Neighbourhood', International Spectator, 48(2): (Oct. 28, 2014) PALESTINIANS -*W. L. Cleveland, A History of the Modern Middle East, 2013, ch. 17. Press Chapter 5: Fateh, The PLO and the PA: The Palestinian Para-State. -** Roy, Sara. (2012) Reconceptualizing the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict: Key Paradigm Shifts, Journal of Palestine Studies, 41(3): Khalidi, Rashid. (2013). 'The United States and the Palestinians, : Three Key Moments', Journal of Palestine Studies, 42(4): Ghanem, Asad. (2013). 'The Palestinians- Lessons from the Arab Spring', Contemporary Arab Affairs, (Oct 30, 2013) Co-curricular week. No classes (Nov. 4, 2014), EGYPT, JORDAN -*W. L. Cleveland, A History of the Modern Middle East, 2013, ch.15. -**C. R. Ryan. (2004). 'Jordan First: Jordan's Inter-Arab Relations and Foreign Policy under King Abdullah II', Arab Studies Quarterly, 26(3): Pioppi, Daniela. (2013). 'Playing with Fire: The Muslim Brotherhood and the Egyptian Leviathan', International Spectator, 48(4): Brown, Nathan J. (2013). 'Egypt's Failed Transition', Journal of Democracy, 24(4): (Nov. 6, 2014) SYRIA, LEBANON -*W. L. Cleveland, A History of the Modern Middle East, 2013, ch. 12, and pp **Droz-Vincent, Philippe. (2014). '''State of Barbary'' (Take Two): From Arab Spring to the Return of Violence in Syria', Middle East Journal, 68(1): Hinnebush, Raymond. (2012) Syria: From Authoritarian Upgrading to Revolution?, International Affairs, 88(1): Knio, Karim. (2013). 'Structure, Agency and Hezbollah: A Morphogenetic View', Third World - (Nov. 11, 2014) PEACE PROCESS -*W. L. Cleveland, A History of the Modern Middle East, 2013, Ch. 23. (A Peace so Near, ). -**Gordon, Neve and Cohen, Yinon. (2012) Western Interests, Israeli Unilateralism, and the Two- State Solution, Journal of Palestine Studies, 41(3): Ferrero, Christopher. (2014). 'Sidelining the Hardliners: A Solution for Israel-Palestine', Digest of Middle East Studies, 23(1): Falah, Ghazi-Walid. (2005). The Geopolitics of Enclavisation and the Demise of a Two-State Solution to the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict, Third World Quarterly, 26(8):

5 (Nov. 13, 2014) IRANIAN REVOLUTION -*W. L. Cleveland, A History of the Modern Middle East, 2013, Ch. 18. (pp ). -**M. Parsa. (2011) Ideology and Political Action in the Iranian Revolution, Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East, 31(1): Mavani, Hamid. (2013). 'Khomeini's Concept of Governance of the Jurisconsult (Wilayat al-faqih) Revisited: The Aftermath of Iran's 2009 Presidential Election', Middle East Journal, 67(2): S. Rahnema. (2009) Lessons (not) Learned: Reflections on A Failed Revolution, in Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa, and the Middle East, 29(1): (Nov. 18, 2014) IRAQ, AND THE IRAN-IRAQ WAR -*W. L. Cleveland, A History of the Modern Middle East, 2, Ch 11, pp , and Ch.21, pp **R. Takeyh, The Iran-Iraq War: A Reassessment, Middle East Journal, 64(3), Summer L. G. Potter and G. G. Sick (Ed.) Iran, Iraq and the Legacies of War, Ch. 1 (S. Bakhash, The Troubled Relationship: Iran and Iraq, , p Kylie Baxter and Shahram Akbarzadeh, US Foreign Policy in the Middle East: The Roots of Anti- Americanism, London: Routledge Ch. 6, (Wars in the Persian Gulf. Pp ). (Nov. 20, 2014) IRAQ, AND THE FIRST AND THE SECOND GULF WAR -*W.L. Cleveland, A History of the Modern Middle East, 2013, pp , and Chapter 25. -**Fawcett, Louise. (2013). The Iraq War Ten Years On: Assessing the Fallout, International Affairs, 89(2): Dodge, Toby. (2013). State and Society in Iraq Ten Years after Regime Change: The Rise Of a New Authoritarianism, International Affairs, 89(2): Hinnebusch, Raymond. (2007). The US Invasion of Iraq: Explanations and Implications, Critique: Critical Middle Eastern Studies, 16(3): (Nov. 25, 2014) SAUDI ARABIA, KUWAIT AND THE GCC -*W. L. Cleveland, A History of the Modern Middle East, 2013 ch **Yousef Khalifa Al-Yousef (2011). The Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) Countries and the Triangle of Autocracy, Oil and Foreign powers, Contemporary Arab Affairs, 4:1, Colombo, Silvia. (2012). 'The GCC and the Arab Spring: A Tale of Double Standards', International Spectator, 47(4): Nuruzzaman, Mohammed. (2013). Politics, Economics and Saudi Military Intervention in Bahrain, Journal of Contemporary Asia, (Nov. 27, 2014) Group Debate Two groups of four to five students volunteer to debate major sources of conflicts between Palestinians and Israelis, including border and security, Jerusalem, refugees, settlements, and water distribution. 5

6 AP/POLS 3260, AP/REI 3260, WAR AND PEACE IN THE MIDDLE EAST GUIDELINES FOR ASSIGNMENTS I-Participation: -Participation mark is based on attendance and active involvement in class discussions. It is important not to miss any session of the course. II- Synopsis: (15%) - Chose a topic from the course outline. This will be done on the first session of the class. (Three or four synopsis per session.) - Read ALL the readings assigned for the week, and choose TWO readings, one required and one recommended. - The synopsis provides an overview and comparison of the main points of the two readings. Please provide full citations. - Pose two essay-like questions related to the readings and include the questions at the end of your synopsis. The Synopsis should be about five pages double-spaced, and should be ed to the TA and the instructor at least one night before the topic is discussed in the class. - In the session dealing with the selected topic, after the lecture, each author of the synopsis will read her/his two questions and will provide brief answers. There will be a short class discussion on the questions. (The questions will be ed to the class list ahead of time for discussion. III-Exams: (Mid-term two-hours, 20%, and end of term two-hours, 35%) Both exams follow the same format. There will be two parts. The first part (40%) includes 8 terms to be defined briefly. The terms are taken from a list given to the class one week before the exam, and there will be no optional questions in this part and you may answer this part in point form. The second part (60%) includes optional essay questions, each related to one of the topics discussed in the course. You choose any two topics. IV- Term paper: (25%) due the last session. -Choose any topic (theme, issue, country, or region) related to the course and provide a written note to your TA. The outline should include your thesis and an overview of your potential arguments, as well as a list of preliminary sources. You must also schedule a meeting with your TA to discuss the outline. Start research by the mid-term. In the introduction explicitly define the thesis of the paper. - The paper should be based on 8-10 different sources, and about 12 to 15 pages. The sources used should be primarily from academic books and journals. Please properly cite the sources and provide footnotes or endnotes. Provide a separate bibliography at the end of the paper. Please refer to the Guidelines for Avoiding Plagiarism, and if you need help consult the Centre for Academic Writing (S329 Ross, ). 6