History 250 Spring 2011 US Relations with the Middle East and North Africa. Place: UNIV 201 Day and Time: Tuesday/Thursday, 12 noon - 1:15 pm

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1 History 250 Spring 2011 US Relations with the Middle East and North Africa Place: UNIV 201 Day and Time: Tuesday/Thursday, 12 noon - 1:15 pm Instructor: Professor Holden Office: UNIV 127 Office Hours: Tuesday/Thursday, 1:30 pm - 2:30 pm sholden@purdue.edu Since 9/11, the US has engaged in military interventions in Iraq, Afghanistan and Libya. In this way, the US is now more intimately involved in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) than at any other time in its history. This course surveys US foreign policy toward the Arab-Islamic world since World War II. In doing so, it provides students with the background needed to understand the decisions and policies of American leaders in the past and in the present. This course responds to the following questions: Why has the US focused considerable attention on the Arab-Islamic world over the past seven decades? How has US foreign policy toward the Middle East and North Africa evolved over time? What role has the US played in shaping the political history of the Arab- Islamic world? How should the US address present-day problems in the MENA, particularly that thorny issue of democratization? To respond to these questions, students read secondary texts and primary sources. Ultimately, students identify continuity and change in US foreign policy toward the MENA over the course of the past seven decades. Course Materials: There are four textbooks used in this course. These are on reserve at the Undergraduate Library. You may also purchase all these books at bookstores serving Purdue University: 1. Peter L. Hahn, Crisis and Crossfire: The United States and the Middle East since 1945 (Washington, DC: Potomac Books, David W. Lesch and Mark L. Haas, The Middle East and the United States: History, Politics, and Ideologies, 5 th Edition (Boulder, CO.: Westview Press, 2012). 3. Anthony Shadid, Night Draws Near: Iraq s People in the Shadow of America s War (New York: Picador, 2006). 4. Stephen Kinzer, All the Shah s Men: An American Coup and the Roots of Middle East Terror, 2 nd Edition (Wiley, 2008). The articles and chapters that are not in these books can be accessed through Blackboard. Course Evaluation will be based on the following: Exam #1 20% Exam #2 20% Book Review #1 25%

2 2 Book Review #2 25% Participation in Discussion 10% This class requires that you write two analytical book reviews. The reviews are to be between two and three pages (not more, not less). You must write it in 12-point typeface, double-spaced, with one inch margins. I will not accept book reviews ed as an attachment. You will be penalized five points for each day that the book review is late. You should receive some guidelines for writing this review during the first week of class. Attendance is a critical component of your final grade. I will take attendance consistently, but not on set days. Further, I will devote some of our class time to discussion. I believe that a good college education should foster verbal skills in graduates! The class discussions provide students with an opportunity to talk about specific issues and to raise questions about them. Students will be expected to come to class prepared to discuss a designated topic and will be evaluated according to their participation in conversation. Disclaimers Plagiarism will not be tolerated at Purdue University: Plagiarism is a crime, and students can be expelled for turning in a paper that they did not write. Copying a person s work verbatim is not the only form of plagiarism. In some cases, plagiarism involves paraphrasing the idea of another without a footnote or the repetition of another author s phrase. Students are advised to consult Purdue University s Guide to Academic Integrity for guidelines at: Plagiarized work will receive a 0, and the professor reserves the right to forward the case to the administration. In the event of a major campus emergency, the requirements, deadlines and grading policies set down on this syllabus are subject to changes that may be required by a revised semester calendar. Any changes will be posted, once the course resumes, on the course website. It may also be obtained by contacting the instructor via or phone. January 10 (Tu) January 12 (Th) Course Introduction The Barbary Wars (& Some Foreign Policy Precedents) Frank Lambert, Tribute or Arms, in The Barbary Wars: American Independence in the Atlantic World (Hill and Wang, 2005), Joseph Wheelan, Prologue, in Jefferson s War: America s First War on Terror, (Carroll and Graf Publishers, 2003), xvii-xxvi. C. Hitchens, To the Shores of Tripoli, Time Magazine (See

3 3 January 17 (Tu) WWII, & the Emergence of US as a Superpower in the MENA Hahn, Crisis and Crossfire, 1-18 and Rashid Khalidi, The Superpowers and the Cold War in the Middle East, in Lesch and Haas, The Middle East and the United States, The Truman Doctrine, in Marvin E. Gettleman and Stuart Schaar, The Middle East and Islamic World Reader (Grove Press, 2003), January 19 (Th) The CIA Coup in Iran, 1953 Hahn, Crisis and Crossfire, Mark Gasiorowski, US Foreign Policy toward Iran during the Mussadiq Era, in Lesch and Haas, The Middle East and the United States, Sir Sam Falle, The Mussadiq Era in Iran, , in Lesch and Haas, The Middle East and the United States, January 24 (Tu) No Class (Get Ahead on Your Reading!) January 26 (Th) The CIA Coup in Iran, 1953 Stephen Kinzer, All the Shah s Men: An American Coup and the Roots of Middle East Terror (Wiley, 2003). ****Your analysis of Kinzer s All the Shah s Men is due in class on February 7th.**** January 31 (Tu) The Suez Crisis, 1956 Hahn, Crisis and Crossfire, Peter Hahn, National Security Concerns in US Policy Toward Egypt, in Lesch and Haas, The Middle East and the United States, Malik Mufti, The United States and Nasserist Pan-Arabism, in Lesch and Haas, The Middle East and the United States,

4 4 The Eisenhower Doctrine, in Marvin E. Gettleman and Stuart Schaar, The Middle East and Islamic World Reader (Grove Press, 2003), February 2 (Th) The US and the Arab-Israeli Conflict, Hahn, Crisis and Crossfire, and and and Fawaz A. Gerges, The 1967 Arab-Israeli War: US Actions and Arab Perceptions, in Lesch and Haas, The Middle East and the United States, February 7 (Tu) February 9 (Th) February 14 (Tu) The Six Day War --Start Film, Six Days in June The Six Day War --End Film, Six Days in June The US and the MENA s Oil Producing States (A Love Story!) Douglas Little, Opening the Door: Business, Diplomacy, and America s Stake in Middle East Oil, in American Orientalism: The United States and the Middle East since 1945 (UNC Press, 2008), F. Gregory Gause III, From Over the Horizon to Into the Backyard : The US-Saudi Relationship in the Gulf, in Lesch and Haas, The Middle East and the United States, February 16 (Th) The Iranian Revolution, 1979 Hahn, Crisis and Crossfire, and Mark L. Haas, Ideology and Iran s American Policies, in Lesch and Haas, The Middle East and the United States, Ervand Abrahamian, Democracy or Theocracy: Iran s Islamic Republic, in Marvin E. Gettleman and Stuart Schaar, The Middle East and Islamic World Reader (Grove Press, 2003),

5 5 February 21 (Tu) February 23 (Th) The US Funds Jihad in Afghanistan --Start Film, Charlie Wilson s War The US Funds Jihad in Afghanistan --End Film, Charlie Wilson s War February 28 (Tu) Exam #1 March 1 (Th) The US and Afghanistan in the 1980s David W. Lesch, December: The Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan, in 1979: The Year that Shaped the Modern Middle East (Westview Press, 2001), Marvin G. Weinbaum, The United States and Afghanistan: From Marginality to Global Concern, in Lesch and Haas, The Middle East and the United States, Zbigniew Brzezinski, Some Stirred-Up Muslims : Reflections on Soviet Intervention in Afghanistan (1998) in Marvin E. Gettleman and Stuart Schaar, The Middle East and Islamic World Reader (Grove Press, 2003), March 6 (Tu) The Arab-Israeli Peace Process, Start Film, The Elusive Peace Hahn, Crisis and Crossfire, and Jeremy Pressman, From Madrid and Oslo to Camp David: The United States and the Arab-Israeli Conflict, , in Lesch and Haas, The Middle East and the United States, March 8 (Th) The Arab-Israeli Peace Process, End Film, The Elusive Peace March 13 (Tu) March 15 (Th) No Class (Spring Break) No Class (Spring Break) March 20 (Tu) The Persian Gulf War, 1991 Hahn, Crisis and Crossfire, and

6 6 Gary Sick, The United States in the Persian Gulf: From Twin Pillars to Dual Containment, in Lesch and Haas, The Middle East and the United States, Hadani Ditmars, The Deletrious Effects of Sanctions on Women and Children, in Stacy E. Holden, A Documentary History of Modern Iraq (University Press of Florida, 2012). March 22 (Th) Class Cancelled, but ***Students are expected to attend the Stover Lecture at 7 pm in Krannert Auditorium. Hadani Ditmars will speak on Iraq, 9 Years Later: The Legacy of Invasion. Students are expected to turn in a one page summary of Ditmars s talk. If you are unable to attend this talk, please see me. I will provide you with an alternate assignment for that day.*** March 27 (Tu) US Policy and Emerging Terror Networks --Film, Looking for Answers (Frontline) Ahmed Rashid, Osama bin Laden: How the US Helped Midwife a Terrorist, in Fredrik Logevall, Terrorism and 9/11: A Reader (Houghton Mifflin, 2002), Heather S. Gregg, US Relations with al-qa ida, in Lesch and Haas, The Middle East and the United States, March 29 (Th) 9/11 and Operation Enduring Freedom (Afghanistan) Osama bin Laden, To the Americans, October 6, 2002, in Bruce Lawrence, Messages to the World: The Statements of Osama Bin Laden (Verso, 2005), Saba Gul Kattak, Afghan Women: Bombed to Be Liberated, Middle East Report 222 (spring 2002): George Bush, The United States Has Contributed to Afghanistan s Stability and Progress, in Jann Einfeld, Is America Helping Afghanistan? (Greenhaven Press, 2005), John Pilger, The United States Has Betrayed the Afghan People, in Jann Einfeld, Is America Helping Afghanistan? (Greenhaven Press, 2005), April 3 (Tu) The Iraq War, (Part I)

7 7 Steve A. Yetiv, The Iraq War of 2003: Why Did the United States Decide to Invade, in Lesch and Haas, The Middle East and the United States, Phebe Marr, The US Attempt at Nation-Building in Iraq, , in The Modern History of Iraq, 3 rd Edition (Westview Press, 2011), Hahn, Crisis and Crossfire, April 5 (Th) The Iraq War, (Part II) Ali R. Abbootalebi, What Went Wrong in Iraq? in Lesch and Haas, The Middle East and the United States, Phebe Marr, The Stabilization of Iraq, , in The Modern History of Iraq, 3 rd Edition (Westview Press, 2011), April 10 (Tu) Should the US Attempt to Democratize the MENA Region? George W. Bush, The United States Should Promote Democracy in the Middle East, in David M. Haugen et. al., The Middle East: Opposing Viewpoints (Greenhaven Press, 2009), Robert D. Kaplan and Peter Berkowitz, The United States Should Not Promote Democracy on the Middle East, in David M. Haugen et. al., The Middle East: Opposing Viewpoints (Greenhaven Press, 2009), Jon B. Alterman, Is It Time for the United States to Give Up on Arab Liberals?, in Lesch and Haas, The Middle East and the United States, April 12 (Th) Exam #2 April 17 (Tu) The Military-Industrial Complex and the MENA --Start Film, Why We Fight Andrew J. Bacevich, The Tyranny of Defense, Inc., The Atlantic Monthly, January/February

8 8 April 19 (Th) April 24 (Tu) The Military-Industrial Complex and the MENA Region --End Film, Why We Fight The Iraq War: Occupation or Liberation? Anthony Shadid, Night Draws Near: Iraq s People in the Shadow of America s War (Picador, 2005). Your analysis of Shadid s Night Draw Near is in my mailbox or office on May 1st. April 26 (Th) Is There an Obama Doctrine for the MENA Region? William B. Quarndt, New US Policies for a New Middle East?, in Lesch and Haas, The Middle East and the United States,

Draft Syllabus. The Middle East: Security Challenges and U.S. Responses. Mondays and Wednesdays, 4:30 p.m. to 7:10 p.m.

Draft Syllabus. The Middle East: Security Challenges and U.S. Responses. Mondays and Wednesdays, 4:30 p.m. to 7:10 p.m. Draft Syllabus The Middle East: Security Challenges and U.S. Responses Mondays and Wednesdays, 4:30 p.m. to 7:10 p.m., summer session B June 4 through July 25, 2018 Instructor: Professor Gregory Aftandilian