RISE OF BIG BUSINESS TO PROGRESSIVE EAR - STUDY GUIDE - US I PRE-AP

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1 RISE OF BIG BUSINESS TO PROGRESSIVE EAR - STUDY GUIDE - US I PRE-AP This test consists of 50 multiple choice and true/false questions. There is no essay question, but there are 2 short answer questions. The primary sources found on the test are located after the first page. TERMS/IDEAS TO KNOW - CH 16 (16 QUESTIONS) 1. Second Industrial Revolution (The Industrial Economy, p. 634, Workers Freedom in an Industrial Age, p ) 2. Pools, trusts, mergers (Competition and Consolidation, p. 638) 3. The working class (Sunshine and Shadow: Increasing Wealth and Poverty, p. 643) 4. Wounded Knee (The Ghost Dance and Wounded Knee, p. 655) 5. Machine Politics, Boss Tweed (The Corruption of Politics, p. 657) 6. Interstate Commerce Commission (Reform Legislation, p. 659) 7. Social Darwinism (Social Darwinism in America, p. 662) 8. Great Strike of 1877 (The Overwhelming Labor Question, p. 666) 9. Knights of Labor (The Knights of Labor and the Conditions Essential to Liberty, p. 666) 10. The Haymarket Affair (The Haymarket Affair, p. 671) 11. Farmers/small business owners at turn of century (The Industrial Economy, p. 634) 12. Indians, citizenship, and assimilation (Indian Citizenship, p. 655) Terms/ideas to know - ch 17 (16 questions) 1. The Populist Platform (The Populist Platform, p. 681) 2. Pullman Strike (Debs and the Pullman Strike, p. 685) 3. The Legacy of the Civil War, and African Americans in the south (at end of century, beginning of 20 th century) (The Decline of Black Politics, p. 692, The Rise of Lynching, p. 695, The Politics of Memory, p. 696) 4. Second wave of immigration (The New Immigration and the New Nativism, p. 698) 5. Chinese Exclusion Act (Chinese Exclusion and Chinese Rights, p. 698) 6. Spanish American War (An American Empire, p ) 7. Emilio Aguinaldo (Voices of Freedom, p. 713) 8. White Man s Burden (Citizens or Subjects?, p. 714) 9. Anti-Imperialist League ( Republic or Empire?, p. 717) 10. The Women s Era (The Women s Era, p. 701) 11. US and the Philippines after the Spanish American War (The Philippine War, p. 710) Terms/ideas to know - ch 18 (16 questions) 1. Progressivism (Introduction, p. 725) 2. The Muckrakers (The Muckrakers, p. 728) 3. Upton Sinclair (The Muckrakers, p. 728) 4. Scientific Management (Taylorism) (Industrial Freedom, p. 738) 5. Eugene Debs (The Gospel of Debs, p ) 6. Progressives and voting rights (Progressive Democracy, p. 751) 7. Progressives and race (Spearheads for Reform, p. 753) 8. Sherman Anti-Trust Act (Theodore Roosevelt, p. 757) 9. Henry Fords 5 Dollar Day (The Rise of Fordism, p. 736) 10. Consumption, happiness. Fulfillment at turn of the century (The Promise of Abundance, p. 736) 11. Progressives and capitalism (Industrial Freedom, p. 739) Questions taken directly from an AP exam (12 questions) Plessy vs Ferguson Short Answer Topics: Roosevelt Corollary 1. Capital vs Labor (responding to a political W.E.B. Du Bois cartoon) Pullman Strike (causes) Atlanta Compromise speech Municipal (urban, political) corruption Jacob Riis, How the Other Half Lives Pure Food and Drug Act 2. Du Bois vs Booker T Washington The decisions of the Supreme Court -- its effects on big business at the turn of the century Dawes Act (1887) American Federation of Labor (AFL) Who voted Republican after the Civil War?

2 As the early years at Hull House show, female participation in that area of reform grew out of a set of needs and values peculiar to middle-class women in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. Settlement workers did not set out to become reformers. They were rather women trying to fulfill existing social expectations for self-sacrificing female service while at the same time satisfying their need for public recognition, authority, and independence. In the process of attempting to weave together a life of service and professional accomplishment, they became reformers as the wider world defined them. Robyn Muncy, historian, Creating a Female Dominion in American Reform, , published in 1991

3 Jacob Riis.

4 In this secondary source, historian Michael McGerr makes an argument about the nature of the Progressive movement. I believe that progressivism was a radical movement, though not by the common measures of economic and political radicalism.progressives were radical in their conviction that other social classes must be transformed and in their boldness in going about the business of that transformation.the sweep of progressivism was remarkable, but because the progressive agenda was so often carried out in settlement houses, churches, and schoolrooms, in rather unassuming day-to-day activities, the essential audacity [i.e. fearlessness, nerve] of the enterprise can be missed. Progressivism demanded a social transformation that remains at once profoundly impressive and profoundly disturbing a century later. Michael McGerr, A Fierce Discontent: The Rise and Fall of the Progressive Movement in America, , 2003

5 Note: The most powerful machine during the Gilded Age was Tammany Hall, an Irish-based organization that dominated New York City politics throughout the nineteenth century. It involved a network of Democratic politicians and party workers in alliance with various contractors who provided kickbacks in exchange for government favors. George Plunkitt was district leader of Tammany Hall who took for granted the patronage system. In 1905 he participated in a series of interviews with a local reporter in which he defended the political machine against criticism of reformers. EVERYBODY is talkin' these days about Tammany men growin' rich on graft, but nobody thinks of drawin' the distinction between honest graft and dishonest graft. There's all the difference in the world between the two. Yes, many of our men have grown rich in politics. I have myself. I've made a big fortune out of the game, and I'm gettin' richer every day, but I've not gone in for dishonest graft -- blackmailin' gamblers, saloonkeepers, disorderly people, etc. -- and neither has any of the men who have made big fortunes in politics. There's an honest graft, and I'm an example of how it works. I might sum up the whole thing by sayin': "I seen my opportunities and I took 'em." Just let me explain by examples. My party's in power in the city, and it's goin' to undertake a lot of public improvements. Well, I'm tipped off, say, that they're going to layout a new park at a certain place. I see my opportunity and I take it. I go to that place and I buy up all the land I can in the neighborhood. Then the board of this or that makes its plan public, and there is a rush to get my land, which nobody cared particular for before. Ain't it perfectly honest to charge a good price and make a profit on my investment and foresight? of course, it is. Well, that's honest graft Wouldn't you? It's just like lookin' ahead in Wall Street or in the coffee or cotton market. It's honest graft, and I'm lookin' for it every day in the year. I will tell you frankly that I've got a good lot of it, too. George W. Plunkitt, interview given to local NYC journalist entitled A Defense of Political Graft, 1905

6 I feed you all! lithograph by American Oleograph Co., Milwaukee, c (Lib I feed you all! lithograph by American Oleograph Co., Milwaukee, ca (Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division)

7 In bestowing charity, the main consideration: should be to help those who will help themselves; to provide part of the means by which those who desire to improve may do so; to give those who desire to rise the aids by which they may rise; to assist, but rarely or never to do all. Neither the individual nor the race is improved by almsgiving. Those worthy of assistance, except in rare cases, seldom require assistance He is the only true reformer who is as careful and as anxious not to aid the unworthy as he is to aid the worthy, and, perhaps, even more so, for in almsgiving more injury is probably done by rewarding vice than by relieving virtue. Individualism will continue, but the millionaire will be but a trustee for the poor, intrusted for a season with a great part of the increased wealth of the community, but administering it for the community far better than it could or would have done for itself. The best minds will thus have reached a stage in the development of the race in which it is clearly seen that there is no mode of disposing of surplus wealth save by using it year by year for the general good. Andrew Carnegie, The Gospel of Wealth, 1889

8 Louis Dalrymple, Puck Magazine, School begins, 1899 Summary: Print shows Uncle Sam as a teacher, standing behind a desk in front of his new students who are labeled "Cuba, Porto Rico, Hawaii, [and] Philippines"; at the rear of the classroom are students holding books labeled "California, Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, [and] Alaska". At the far left, an African American boy cleans the windows, and in the background, a Native boy sits by himself, reading an upside-down book labeled "ABC", an a Chinese boy stands just outside the door. A book on Uncle Sam's desk is titled "U.S. First Lessons in Self-Government". Caption: Uncle Sam (to his new class in Civilization) Now, children, you've got to learn these lessons whether you want to or not! But just take a look at the class ahead of you, and remember that, in a little while, you will feel as glad to be here as they are! Blackboard: The consent of the governed is a good thing in theory, but very rare in fact. England has governed her colonies whether they consented or not. By not waiting for their consent she has greatly advanced the world's civilization. The U.S. must govern its new territories with or without their consent until they can govern themselves. Poster: The Confederated States refused their consent to be governed; But the Union was preserved without their consent. Book: U.S. First Lessons in Self Government Note (on table): The new class Philippines Cuba Hawaii Porto Rico

9 Title: The protectors of our industries / Gillam ; Mayer Merkel & Ottmann lith., N.Y. Creator: Gillam, Bernhard, , artist Date Created/Published: N.Y.: Published by Keppler & Schwarzmann, 1883 February 7 in Puck Magazine. Summary: Cartoon showing Cyrus Field, Jay Gould, Cornelius Vanderbilt, and Russell Sage, seated on bags of "millions", on large raft, and being carried by workers of various professions.