Modern America- Cooke January, 2015 Modern America Midterm Study Guide

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1 Modern America- Cooke Name: January, 2015 Modern America Midterm Study Guide The exam is on Thursday, January 22 nd at 8:00 am (arrive by 7:50 am). Location: B435, B436 and B437 (exact room assignments for each student will be on the doors of the classrooms on the morning of the midterm exam) Please bring 2 pencils/2 pens to the exam. You can write the essay in pen. You may bring in a one-page outline for the exam essay. This outline must be: The outline I give you on the last page of this study guide (tear it out of the packet- it is one page double-sided) Be handwritten (not typed!) You may write out your thesis and topic sentences in full, but that is the only place you can use full sentences. The remainder should be notes or bullet points with your ideas. If you fail to meet the requirements of the outline, your essay will automatically lose 20 points. The midterm exam is worth 16% of your Semester 1 grade What you can do between now and the end of classes: We will spend 3 days in class reviewing for the exam. The more you have studied at that point, the more effective the review session/time will be to you. You should be sure that you are not missing any notes, handouts, study sheets, etc. If you are missing anything, check the website or ask a classmate whether you can copy their notes. At a minimum, between now and the end of classes, I would suggest that you at least read over the essay question and begin thinking about how you might outline it. If you are so inclined, I would also suggest pulling together definitions for the terms on this review sheet from test/quiz review sheets. Extra Help: I will be available for extra help as always during blocks 4, 5 and 7 or before/after school by appointment. I will also be available during exam week to review as well. The mid-term exam will cover and consist of the following: Units Covered: Founding Documents Reconstruction Industrialization & Immigration The Progressive Era WWI The 1920s The Great Depression & the New Deal Exam Format: 50 Matching (1 point each=50 points total) (Part I-no outline allowed) 50 Multiple Choice (1 point each=50 points total) (Part I- no outline allowed) 1 Essay (100 points) (Part II- outline allowed) Total= 200 points 1

2 Key Terms While I would not focus exclusively on terms, you should be familiar with all of the following terms: Constitution Inalienable (natural) rights Checks & balances Legislative branch Reconstruction Abraham Lincoln Tuskegee Institute Freedmen s Bureau 13 th, 14 th, 15 th Amendments Executive branch Judicial branch Electoral college Booker T. Washington Sharecropping Black Codes Plessy v. Ferguson Amendments 1, 4, 5, 6, 8 Jim Crow Laws Lynching W.E.B. Du Bois Compromise of 1877 Industrialization and Immigration Bessemer Process Capitalism Horizontal Consolidation Communism Vertical Consolidation Laissez-faire Monopoly Scab labor Black list Ellis Island Gospel of Wealth Progressivism Gilded Age Social Gospel Movement Muckraking Social Darwinism Margaret Sanger Upton Sinclair Jacob Riis Hull House/Jane Addams Pure Food and Drug Act WWI Allied Powers/Central Powers Committee on Public Information Espionage Act War Industries Board National War Labor Board Treaty of Versailles Selective Service Act Fuel Administration Woodrow Wilson 1920s Flappers 18 th, 19 th Amendments Prohibition KKK Sacco and Vanzetti Scopes-Monkey Trial Speakeasies William Bryan Red Scare Fundamentalism Clarence Darrow Great Depression/New Deal Black Tuesday (Oct. 29, 1929) New Deal Franklin D. Roosevelt Dust Bowl Recession Watered Stock Herbert Hoover Depression 2

3 Key Questions and Concepts You should re-familiarize yourself with the following concepts and ideas: (Note: The following questions are drawn from the many review sheets you have been given this year they are not new questions.) Constitution 1. Declaration of Independence: a. What was the purpose of the Declaration of Independence? b. What rights does the Declaration say that all individuals have? c. What were the main ideas outlined in the Declaration? 2. The Constitution divides power between the 3 branches. Why was this? What does each branch do and how does it differ from the other branches? 3. What was the reason for the creation of the Bill of Rights? Why was it thought to be necessary? 4. What rights does the Bill of Rights grant American citizens? Reconstruction 1. How did newly freed slaves react to & embrace their newfound freedom? (voting, religion, schools, etc.) 2. What achievements and/or failures did African-Americans make while in office? 3. How did white southerners react to the freedom and increasing political involvement of blacks in the post-civil War era? Consider those political, social, and economic measures white southerners took to restrict the lives of blacks in the South during and after Reconstruction. Industrialization and Immigration 1. What were some of the factors that came together to make industrialization possible in the late 1800s? 2. What changes occurred as a result of industrialization? (Consider what was beneficial and problematic about the rapid expansion of industry.) 3. Why did immigrants come to America in the late 19 th and early 20 th centuries? 4. What was immigrants experience at Ellis Island like? What were they subjected to? 5. What did immigrants encounter once they were in America? (Living & working conditions, reaction of native-born whites to the immigrants, etc.) 6. What were some of the responses of native-born whites to immigration and the problems that came with it? o Consider how native-born whites felt about immigrants. Which groups in particular did they dislike? Why? How did they target or control these groups? o What measures did native Americans and the federal government take to restrict immigration and to control the behavior of immigrants once they had been admitted? 7. What were the working conditions like in industrialized factories? 8. Why did workers choose to unionize? What were the benefits? 9. Why did unions fail to achieve workers goals in the late 19 th century? Progressivism 1. What made the Gilded Age gilded? 2. What was Progressivism? a. What is the definition of a progressive? b. What did progressives think about the theory of Social Darwinism? c. What were some of the problems progressives wanted to fix? d. What were the 3 overarching goals of the Progressive Movement? 3. What was muckraking and what did it involve? What were the tactics and goals of muckrakers? 3

4 WWI 1. What were the MAIN causes of WWI? 2. Why did the U.S. abandon its policy of neutrality to enter the war? 3. How was propaganda used in WWI (by whom and for what purpose?) 4. What made the WWI Era a time of terror for many Americans? 5. How did the U.S. government mobilize Americans in support of the war? 6. What were the potential problems with the Treaty? How did it set the world up for WWII? 1920s 1. What changes occurred in the postwar era with respect to the economy? 2. Consider the style of advertising that was common in the 1920s and the messages the advertisements gave. How did advertising contribute to the rise of a consumer culture? 3. What changes occurred in the lives of Americans in the 1920s? How did their work, home and leisure time change in the 1920s? 4. What were the reasons for the rise of youth culture? What kind of activities, behaviors, and beliefs were included in this youth culture? 5. Flappers: a. Who were the flappers and how did they defy social conventions for women? 6. Prohibition: a. What were some of the creative ways that Americans got around Prohibition laws? 7. How did people respond against a rapidly changing society? Why did some people have a desire for a return to normalcy? a. KKK: Why did the KKK rise again in the 1920s? What was different about the Klan in the 1920s than the Klan in the 1870s? How had its membership and goals changed? b. Fundamentalism: What is fundamentalism? Why did many Americans turn to religion in the 1920s? What were fundamentalists concerns with respect to public education? Great Depression 1. What is the difference between a recession and a depression? 2. How did the Great Depression start? What actions, practices or events contributed to the Crash? (Consider governmental policies or attitudes, stock practices, personal spending habits, etc.) 3. How did the Depression affect the lives of Americans of various geographic regions and socioeconomic statuses? (families, men, children, the wealthy, African-Americans, farmers, Mexicans, etc.) 4. What measures did people and businesses take to deal with hardship during the Depression? What changes did they make to deal with their tightening economic circumstances? 5. What caused the Great Depression to end? 6. Alphabet Soup New Deal programs (relief, recovery, and reform) a. How did the combination of relief, recovery and reform programs/acts bring America out of the Depression? b. What is/was the legacy (lasting impact) of the New Deal and FDR s presidency? 4

5 Essay On the exam, you will be asked to write a five-paragraph essay to answer this question: Essay Question: Eleanor Roosevelt once wrote: No single individual and no single group has an exclusive claim to the American dream. But we have all, I think, a single vision of what it is, not merely as a hope and an aspiration, but as a way of life, which we can come ever closer to attaining it its ideal form. From newly freed slaves to dislocated agricultural workers in the 1930s, much of this past semester has been spent looking at different groups and their attempts to pursue different ideas of the American Dream. The specific goals ( dreams ) of the groups varied as much as their actual experiences, but similarities still existed. In what ways have Americans moved closer to attaining it [the American Dream] in its ideal form over the period of history that we have studied? In what ways have we fallen short of realizing the American Dream? In a well-constructed essay, explore the ways in which the definition of the American Dream has evolved as the country changed. In answering the question, consider the situations, goals, challenges, and successes of 3 different groups from the units we have studied (1770s-1930s). Each of the three groups should come from a different unit and you should organize your essay chronologically. Essay Format 1: Introduction: 1) Respond to Eleanor Roosevelt s quotation and introduce topic 2) Thesis (not a three-part thesis) (it will answer in what ways have Americans moved closer to attaining it [the American Dream] in its ideal form over the period of history that we have studied? In what ways have we fallen short of realizing the American Dream?) s 2-4: 3 Body Paragraphs -Each should address a specific group in one of the time periods/units we have studied. Each paragraph will: -include: American Dream (goals) of this group, background information on their situation, challenges faced and successes experienced. - Begin each with a topic sentence that states the main idea of the. - Provide 2 specific historical examples (in each paragraph) with analysis that support your main idea. 5: Conclusion-Restate Thesis and wrap-up argument. 5

6 Midterm Essay Grading I will be grading your essay on the following components: 1. The essay is carefully organized in terms of topic and sequence and is easy to follow. 2. The essay has an introduction with a clear thesis statement, 3 body paragraphs, which include information on at least 3 different units we covered this semester, AND a conclusion. 3. The essay has a clearly established theme and idea that is then supported with specific examples/historical evidence (quotes, statistics, etc.) that you use to back up your main ideas (e.g., people, places, laws, references to readings, etc. etc.). RUBRIC for Midterm Essay Introduction: Intro: of 10 Do you: Thesis: of 5 Respond to Eleanor s quote? Introduce topic of American Dream? Include a thesis? Three Body Paragraphs: #1: of 25 In each paragraph do you have: #2: of 25 Topic Sentence? #3: of 25 2 Pieces of Specific Evidence? A specific group American Dream of this group Background information Successes and failures Analysis of Evidence? Conclusion: Conc: of 5 Do you: Restate your thesis? Other requirements: of 5 In the essay, do you: Include three different units? Total: of 100 6

7 Name: Outline for Midterm Essay- you bring in this one page outline to the midterm exam. Make sure to follow the requirements for the outline! You will need to turn this in with your exam. INTRODUCTION: Respond to Eleanor Roosevelt s quotation and introduce topic: Thesis (not a three-part thesis) (it will answer in what ways have Americans moved closer to attaining it [the American Dream] in its ideal form over the period of history that we have studied? In what ways have we fallen short of realizing the American Dream?): BODY PARAGRAPH 1: Unit #1: Group: EVIDENCE (include at least 2 SPECIFIC, DETAILED examples to support your argument): American Dream (goals) of this group: Background info on their situation: Challenges faced: Successes experienced: 7

8 BODY PARAGRAPH 2: Unit #2: Group: EVIDENCE (include at least 2 SPECIFIC, DETAILED examples to support your argument): American Dream (goals) of this group: Background info on their situation: Challenges faced: Successes experienced: BODY PARAGRAPH 3: Unit #3: Group: EVIDENCE (include at least 2 SPECIFIC, DETAILED examples to support your argument): American Dream (goals) of this group: Background info on their situation: Challenges faced: Successes experienced: Conclusion: Restate thesis and wrap-up argument: 8