12. Republic- 13. Senate 14. Tribune- 15. Punic Wars- 16. Plebeians- 17. Patricians- 18. Julius Caesar- 19. Augustus Caesar/Pax Romana-
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1 Semester 1 Final Exam Chapter 1 : Sources of Democratic Tradition (Greece, Rome, Judaism, Christianity, and England) Chapter 2: Enlightenment (Philosophy, Ideas spread, American Republic) Chapter 3: French Revolution (Eve of Rev, Rev. Unfolds, Radical days, Napoleon) Chapter 5: The Industrial Revolution (Dawn of I. R., Britain leads, Social impact, New ways of thinking) Chapter 6: Life in the Industrial Age (I.R. Spreads, Rise of Cities, Changing Attitudes, Arts) Chapter 9 Section 1 only: Imperialism Chapter 1 1. Athens- 2. Monarchy- 3. Oligarchy- 4. Democracy- 5. Aristocracy- 6. Solon- 7. Cleisthenes- 8. Pericles- 9. Socrates- 10. Plato- 11. Aristotle- 12. Republic- 13. Senate 14. Tribune- 15. Punic Wars- 16. Plebeians- 17. Patricians- 18. Julius Caesar- 19. Augustus Caesar/Pax Romana- 20. Abraham- 21. Moses Monotheistic- 23. Ethics- 24. Diaspora- 25. Jesus- 26. Messiah- 27. Apostle- 28. Paul-
2 29. Clergy- 30. Magna Carta- 31. Common laws- 32. Absolute Monarchy- 33. Parliament- 34. Power of the Purse- 35. English Civil War- 36. Glorious Revolution- 37. English Bill of Rights- Chapter 2: 1. Natural Laws- rules discove 2. Thomas Hobbes- The Leviathan/ absolute monarchy. 3. John Locke- Two Treaties of Government/ few rules 4. Philosophes- French philosophers 5. Voltaire-freedom of speech/ friend of Catherine the Great 6. Montesqieu- wrote Spirit of the Laws= separation of powers 7. Diderot- 28 volume encyclopedia 8. Mary Wollstoncraft- vindication of the rights of women 9. Adam Smith- economist/ Laissez y Faire= free market 10. Baroque Art- grand formal often focused on religion 11. Rococo- light charming elegant and used pastel colors 12. Catherine The Great- Empress of Russia/ equality and liberty 13. Joseph II- Austria/ freedom of press 14. Frederick II- Prussia/ religious freedom 15. Natural Rights- right given to people at birth. Life, liberty, and the pursuit of property 16. Salon- an informal gathering where people would talk about new political thoughts and ideas 17. George Washington- Led American Forces/1 st president 18. Popular Sovereignty Government power comes from the people. 19. Battle of Saratoga Turning point/france gets involved in American Revolution 20. Yorktown- Final battle of the American Revolution 21. Treaty of Paris Document that officially ended the American Revolution and recognized independence. 22. Federal Republic Type of government where powers are divided by local and federal authorities.
3 Chapter 3 1. Ancien Regime- Old order of Europe/France 2. The Estates- 3 estates/social classes of France 3. Deficit Spending- Spending money you don t have 4. Louis XVI- Beheaded 5. Marie Antoinette- Beheaded 6. Jacque Necker- Financial Advisor hired/fired by Louis XVI 7. Estates General Meeting- Meetings of the 3 estates 8. Tennis Court Oath Third estates declares themselves National Assembly/ Promise to make France s 1 st constitution. 9. The Bastille First violence of the Revolution/Symbolized tyranny. 10. Marquis De Lafayette Main author of Declaration of Rights of Man 11. Sans-Culottes Political club of working class/without breeches. 12. Republic Government where people choose representatives 13. Jacobins Radical political club of lawyers and intellectuals 14. Suffrage The right to vote 15. Robespierre Led the Reign of Terror 16. Reign Of Terror Most violent phase of the French Revolution 17. Guillotine- Humane form of execution 18. Napoleon Military commander becomes emperor of France/ Napoleonic Code/ Congress of Vienna 19. Nationalism Pride/Devotion for your country/nation.
4 Chapter 5 1. Enclosure Process of sealing off/consolidating land that was once worked by peasants. 2. James Watts Improved Newcomen s steam engine. 3. Smelt- process for separating iron from its ore (other minerals) 4. Capitol- money used to invest in an enterprise 5. Enterprise- business organizations 6. Entrepreneur- those who managed and assumed financial risks of starting new businesses. 7. Flying Shuttle- John Kay 8. Spinning Jenny- James Hargreaves 9. Water Frame- Richard Arkwright 10. Urbanization- Movement of people to cities 11. Tenements- multi story buildings/ working class homes 12. Labor Union- worker s organizations/ fight for reforms 13. Thomas Malthus- laissez faire economist/ essay on principle population/ not enough food 14. David Ricardo - laissez faire/ iron law of wages/ wage increases wouldn t help 15. Jeremy Bentham- utilitarianist/ said government had an obligation to help 16. Utilitarianism- greatest happiness for the greatest number 17. Socialism- a form of government where the means of production belong to the people as a whole 18. Means of Production- the factories, the farms, railroads, things that make money 19. Robert Owen- socialist/ created his own Utopia 20. Karl Marx- wrote Communist Manifesto 21. Communism- form of socialism/ war between the haves and have nots 22. Proletariat- working classes
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6 Chapter 6 1. Henry Bessemer- Bessemer process (separates steel from iron) 2. Alfred Nobel- dynamite, Nobel peace prize 3. Dynamo- Michael Faraday/ machine that generates electricity 4. Thomas Edison- invented incandescent light bulb 5. Marconi- created radio 6. Stock- shares or portions of a large business/ corporations 7. Germ Theory- stated that microbes and illness could be linked/ Louis Pasteur 8. Florence Nightingale- she started school for nurses/ called for better hygiene 9. Joseph Lister- developed anti-septic/ anti-biotics 10. Urban Renewal- process of granting money to rebuild portions of the cities 11. Standard of Living- measures quantity and quality of your needs and wants 12. Cult of Domesticity- the idealization of the woman and the home 13. Temperance Movement- sought to ban alcohol 14. Women s Suffrage- women s right to vote 15. John Dalton- atomic theory 16. Charles Darwin- Origin of Species/ theory of evolution 17. Romanticism- art style that broke away from logic and reason 18. Lord Byron- Byronic hero/romanticism 19. Victor Hugo- Les Miserables, Hunchback of Notre Dame 20. Beethoven- romantic composer 21. Realism- art style focused on harsh city living 22. Charles Dickens- Oliver Twist, realist 23. Impressionism- art style focusing on the viewer s first impression of object or picture 24. Post-Impressionism- art style uses a variety of techniques/ tiny dots/ sharp distinct brush strokes 25. Claude Monet- impressionism 26. Van Gogh- post-impressionism Chapter 9 1. Imperialism- The political, economic and cultural domination of one country by another 2. Five reasons for imperialism (P.E.R.M.S.)-
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