Transnational Encounters between Germany and Japan

Transcription

1 Transnational Encounters between Germany and Japan

2 PALGRAVE SERIES IN ASIAN GERMAN STUDIES Series Editors: Joanne Miyang Cho and Lee M. Roberts Over the past twenty years, scholars have increasingly sought to place the history of Germany and Europe into a global and transnational context. While this renewed interest in German colonial and global history, most notably in Africa, has given rise to a considerable amount of new and fruitful research, scholars have recently also turned their attention to the equally rich field of German-East Asian, Southeastern, and South Asian interactions. This series contributes to the emerging field of Asian-German Studies by bringing together cutting-edge scholarship from international scholars in a variety of fields. It encourages the publication of works by specialists, globally, on the multifaceted dimensions of ties between the German-speaking world (Germany, Austria, Switzerland, and German-speaking enclaves in Eastern Europe) and Asian countries over the past two centuries. Rejecting traditional notions of West and East as seemingly polar opposites (e.g., colonizer and colonized), the volumes in this series attempt to reconstruct the ways in which Germans and Asians have cooperated and negotiated the challenge of modernity in various fields; they have sought to cover a range of topics that combine the perspective of such disciplines as anthropology, comparative religion, economics, geography, history, human rights, literature, philosophy, politics, and more. Transnational Encounters between Germany and Japan: Perceptions of Partnership in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries edited by Joanne Miyang Cho, Lee M. Roberts, and Christian W. Spang (2016)

3 Transnational Encounters between Germany and Japan Perceptions of Partnership in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries Edited by Joanne Miyang Cho, Lee M. Roberts, and Christian W. Spang

4 TRANSNATIONAL ENCOUNTERS BETWEEN GERMANY AND JAPAN Selection and editorial content Joanne Miyang Cho, Lee M. Roberts, and Christian W. Spang 2016 Individual chapters their respective contributors 2016 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No portion of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission. In accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, Saffron House, 6-10 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS. Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. First published 2016 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN The authors have asserted their rights to be identified as the authors of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act Palgrave Macmillan in the UK is an imprint of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England, company number , of Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire, RG21 6XS. Palgrave Macmillan in the US is a division of Nature America, Inc., One New York Plaza, Suite 4500, New York, NY Palgrave Macmillan is the global academic imprint of the above companies and has companies and representatives throughout the world. ISBN: E-PDF ISBN: DOI: / Distribution in the UK, Europe and the rest of the world is by Palgrave Macmillan, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England, company number , of Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Cho, Joanne Miyang, 1959 editor. Roberts, Lee M., editor. Spang, Christian W., editor. Title: Transnational encounters between Germany and Japan : Perceptions of partnership in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries / edited by Joanne Miyang Cho, Lee M. Roberts, Christian W. Spang. Description: New York : Palgrave Macmillan, [2015] Series: Palgrave series in Asian-German studies Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN Subjects: LCSH: Germany Foreign relations Japan. Japan Foreign relations Germany. Germany Foreign relations 19th century. Japan Foreign relations 19th century. Germany Foreign relations 20th century. Japan Foreign relations 20th century. BISAC: HISTORY / Asia / General. HISTORY / Europe / Germany. HISTORY / Modern / 19th Century. HISTORY / Modern / 20th Century. Classification: LCC DD120.J3 T DDC dc23 LC record available at A catalogue record for the book is available from the British Library.

5 Contents List of Tables Acknowledgments vii ix Introduction German-Japanese Relations from Meiji to Heisei: A Case Study of Entangled History 1 Joanne Miyang Cho, Lee M. Roberts, and Christian W. Spang Part I Ambivalent Partners in Modernization 1 The Myth of Familiar Germany : German-Japanese Relationships in the Meiji Period Reexamined 19 Takenaka Toru 2 Karl von Eisendecher and Japan: Transnational Encounters and the Diplomacy of Imperialism 35 Sven Saaler 3 Count Hermann Keyserling s View of Japan: A Nation of Consummate Imitators 53 Joanne Miyang Cho 4 Western Criticism of an Occidental East: A German View of the Modernization of Japanese Literature, Lee M. Roberts Part II Transnational Partners between Two World Wars 5 When Jiu-Jitsu was German: Japanese Martial Arts in German Sport - and K ö rperkultur, Sarah Panzer

6 vi Contents 6 Anna and Siegfried Berliner: Two Academic Bridge Builders between Germany and Japan 107 Hans K. Rode and Christian W. Spang 7 The German East Asiatic Society (OAG) during the Nazi Era 127 Christian W. Spang 8 Japanese Ambivalence toward Jewish Exiles in Japan 147 Thomas Pekar Part III Post-World War II Affinity: Pariah Nations? 9 The Nuremberg and Tokyo IMT Trials: A Comparative Analysis 165 David M. Crowe 10 A Penologic Program for Japanese and German War Criminals, Franziska Seraphim 11 Restoring German-Japanese Relations after World War II 207 Rolf-Harald Wippich 12 Peace, Business, and Classical Culture: The Relationship between the German Democratic Republic and Japan 227 Volker Stanzel 13 Transnational Communicability: German-Japanese Literature by Yoko Tawada 247 Birgit Maier-Katkin and Lee M. Roberts List of Contributors 267 Index 271

7 Tables 1.1 Numbers of Western residents in Meiji-era Japan Places of study for overseas students dispatched by the Japanese Education Ministry Japan-related presentations at the OAG branch group in Shanghai 133

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9 Acknowledgments T he editors appreciate the exciting contributions that scholars around the world have made to Asian-German Studies. Although still a relatively new area of study, Asian-German Studies has witnessed impressive growth over the last several years. We especially would like to thank the many participants in Asian-German panels at the annual German Studies Association conference, panels that have been a regular event since at least 2009, who have helped stimulate and deepen the theoretical framework and practical parameters of this burgeoning area of scholarly inquiry. All three co-editors of this volume have been actively engaged in these panels, which served as a springboard for this volume. Christian W. Spang has frequently served as commentator and moderator, and Joanne Miyang Cho and Lee M. Roberts have served as organizer and co-organizer of the panels. We also appreciate the work of other organizers and co-organizers Young-Sun Hong, Qinna Shen, Douglas T. McGetchin. While half of the authors of this edited volume are closely linked to the recent panels in Asian-German Studies, we also would like express our gratitude to those contributors to this volume who are not connected (yet) to the German Studies Association, some of them based in Europe, others in Japan. Tragically, one of our authors died unexpectedly in 2014, leaving his co-author, Christian W. Spang, with the task of finalizing the chapter in commemoration of Hans K. Rode, who is missed by many friends and colleagues in Germany and Japan. The editors would like to express their appreciation also to Editor Kristin Purdy and Editorial Assistants Mike Aperauch and Michelle Smith at Palgrave Macmillan for their generous assistance and accommodation. Two of the co-editors, Joanne Miyang Cho and Lee M. Roberts, are especially thankful to Kristin Purdy for her assistance with the birth of the Palgrave Series in Asian German Studies, to which this volume belongs. Finally, we must also thank Sarah Panzer for her tireless assistance with editing some portions of the manuscript.