Barbour/Wright, Keeping the Republic 7 th Full Edition Transition Guide

Transcription

1 Barbour/Wright, Keeping the Republic 7 th Full Edition Transition Guide Overall Updated throughout to account for developments in since the last edition s publication: o Integrated coverage of the politics of, legal battles over, and challenges in the implementation of the Affordable Care Act can be found throughout the book. o Current debates on immigration reform, gun ownership, same-sex marriage, and the legalization of marijuana are addressed as chapters explore court cases, public opinion, and the federal-state relationship. o The continued politics of polarization is discussed throughout, from congressional showdowns over raising the debt ceiling and the resultant government shutdown to heightened interest group spending on campaigns and the Speaker of the House suing the President of the United States. o Contemporary issues of civil rights and liberties are highlighted with the Supreme Court s ruling on contraception in the Hobby Lobby case and its decision to throw out the 1965 Voting Rights Act s preclearance requirement, the controversy of Edward Snowden s release of documents revealing NSA surveillance, and the continuing debate of stop and frisk New In Your Own Words goals at the start of each chapter provide students with learning objectives to help them organize chapter material as they read. These goals are reinforced in the Who, What, How summary content appearing at the end of every major chapter section so that, in the end, students can relay what they've learned in their own words. Creating a more visual text for today s students. The authors intent with this edition is to get students thinking more about information and visualizing it in a way that allows them to feel an immediate sense of understanding. Toward that end, the authors have reassessed every graphic and table in the book for ways to improve them. KTR s themes of power and citizenship are often expressed in its graphics, and the 7 th edition uses a format and language that appeals to today s students to encourage them to think about the information required to engage in government. o New The Big Picture infographics, designed by the award-winning information designer Mike Wirth Art in collaboration with the authors, present 19 rich, poster-worthy displays that focus on a key element in each chapter, complementing the text with a visual that grabs students attention and engages them in understanding big processes, big concepts, and big data. o New Snapshot of America data graphics. KTR s focus on data and demographics continues with this reimagined feature (formerly Who Are We? ). Designed by the award-winning Mike Wirth Art in collaboration with the authors, over 30 graphic displays invite students to explore the connections between data and politics, and help them to understand the meaning behind the numbers. New What s at Stakes on the challenges of passing immigration reform, the legalization of marijuana in some states, the regulation of gun ownership, as well as what s at stake in the 2014 midterm elections, how far is too far in the president s reach of executive

2 power, and whether the Obama administration s efforts to stimulate the economy through the Great Recession was an investment that paid off. New Profiles in Citizenship on New Mexico governor Susana Martinez, political consultant and former presidential advisor David Axelrod, and Jaime Schmidt of the National Park Service. New CLUES to Critical Thinking include a piece from The Hill on Medicaid expansion and an FDA blog article on why regulation matters. New Chapter-ending resources: We ve refined and streamlined, offering a more contextual learning experience: o Review section features chapter summaries, integrated with main headings and associated key terms, allowing students to review material in context. o Engage sections invite students to actively participate in the political process with a political to-do list that includes activities ranging from armchair research, to downloading particular apps, to grass-roots lobbying of their elected officials. o Explore sections provide additional resources--from popular books to websites, film, and television programs--that allow curious students to go beyond the book. By Chapter Chapter 1: Politics: Who Gets What, and How? New The Big Picture infographic feature How to Think Critically provides a map of our "CLUES" feature to walk students through the CLUES process, showing them how to identify potential roadblocks and pitfalls as they engage with political arguments. New Snapshot of America How Do We Participate in Civil Life illustrates the large upswing in voter turnout rates since 2006 and breaks down the popular ways Americans participate in the political process. Chapter 2: American Citizens and Political Culture New What s at Stake in Passing Immigration Reform? breaks down the national debate over revamping the nation s immigration system and discusses President Obama s difficulty in passing new legislation. New The Big Picture infographic feature considers How Has Immigration Changed the Face of America? and traces the impact of immigration over the nation s history, including waves of immigration and details on immigrant s ancestors. New Snapshot of America Who We Are and Who We Will Be in 2050 forecasts the race, sex, and age of Americans at the middle of the century, showing the phasing out of the Greatest Generation, the Silent Generation, and the Baby Boomers and the rise of the Millennials. New Snapshot of America: How Much We Pay illustrates the fairly low tax burden in the United States compared to other European countries, and invites discussion of the effect of political culture on tax rate. New Snapshot of America How Much We Earn graphs the increasing income inequality in the United States and illustrates the disparity between public perception of U.S. wealth distribution and reality

3 New Figure 2.1, Ideological Beliefs in the United States, shows where different political movements from Occupy Wall Street to the Tea Party fall on the spectrum of government control of the economy and of the social order. Chapter 3: The Politics of the American Founding The What s at Stake in Challenging the Legitimacy of the U.S. Government is updated to chronicle the beleaguered Tea Party movement s efforts at revitalization and the surprising defeat of House Majority Leader Eric Cantor to an even more conservative candidate. New Snapshot of America Who Were the Founders? illustrates the demographic profile of each delegate to the Constitutional Convention, from age and occupation to education level and religion. New The Big Picture infographic feature How Did the Founders Get from The Articles of Confederation to the Constitution? illustrates the evolution in thinking as the U.S. government moved from the Articles to the Constitution. Chapter 4: Federalism and the U.S. Constitution New What s At Stake on some states legalization of marijuana discusses the complicated issues that arise as a growing number of states decriminalize marijuana usage, including taxation and law enforcement questions, and the federal government s decision to respect states individual marijuana laws. New The Big Picture infographic feature Federalist Paper #51 and the Mind of James Madison uses a graphic novel approach to illustrate the imaginary internal dialogue of founder James Madison as he devises a new system of governance for America. New Snapshot of America How We Differ from State to State invites students to investigate the relationship between a state s dominant political party and its decision of whether or not to expand its Medicaid program in New CLUES to Critical Thinking article, Two Sides of the Medicaid Expansion Coin, discusses the political and economic factors at play when Republican governor attempts to expand his state s Medicaid program, and the CLUES steps walk students through how to think critically about the piece to draw their own conclusions. The section Allowing Flexibility at the Local Level is updated to discuss how states like New York, Ohio, and Pennsylvania have taken advantage of federal gridlock on environmental issues to enact their own diverse policies on fracking. Chapter 5: Civil Liberties New What s at Stake in Regulating Gun Ownership in America examines the current debate over gun ownership and the Second Amendment. New The Big Picture infographic feature How Do Our Civil Liberties Compare to Those Around the World? gives a global perspective on the number of civil liberties enjoyed by Americans. The section When Rights Conflict The Case of National Security examines whether national security should trump privacy rights through the lens of recently uncovered NSA civilian surveillance programs and Edward Snowden s controversial whistleblowing campaign.

4 New Snapshot of America What Do We Believe? maps the religious profile of America, from the beliefs we hold to our tolerance of other religions to the geographic distribution of religious majorities and minorities. The section The Free Exercise Clause: When Can States Regulate Religious Behavior? has been updated in light of the Supreme Court ruling that allowed Hobby Lobby to deny contraceptive coverage to its employees, despite an apparent mandate in the Affordable Care Act. New Snapshot of America Who Owns the Guns? shows where guns are geographically in America and compares us to the rest of the world. New Snapshot of America Where Do We Stand on Capital Punishment? breaks down the U.S. executions since 1976 by state, and charts the history of popular support for capital punishment over time. Chapter 6: The Struggle for Equal Rights The What s at Stake in the Adoption of Marriage Equality? is revised and updated to reflect changes in same-sex marriage, including the Supreme Court s striking down of the Defense of Marriage Act in 2013 and states growing legalization of same-sex marriage. New The Big Picture infographic feature When Can the Law Treat People Differently? provides an easy-to-compare visual of the Supreme Court s legal classifications by which laws treat people differently. New Snapshot of America Poverty, Prosperity, and Education by Race and Ethnicity presents a visual display of poverty rates, household income, and educational attainment among racial and ethnic groups in the United States. The subsection Political Gains and Losses has been revised and updated to discuss the Supreme Court s 2013 decision to throw out part of the Voting Rights Act that required nine southern states to pre-clear any changes they make to their voting laws with the Department of Justice. New Snapshot of America America s Fastest-Growing Minority Groups illustrates the rising numbers among, and diversity within, America s Hispanic and Asian populations. The subsection Political Strategies has been updated to include the GOP s postmortem following the 2012 presidential election, and debates surrounding the Latino vote and immigration reform. New Snapshot of America Gender and Equality presents pay disparities between men and women in the workplace. New Snapshot of America American Women in Comparative Perspective presents an easy-to-compare visual of how America s women compare with women across the world in terms of political rights, economics, education, and health. The subsection Political Strategies: Elections has been updated to include the Employment Non-Discrimination Act and President Obama s 2014 announcement that he is preparing an executive order that would make it illegal for federal contractors and subcontractors to discriminate against LBGT employees.

5 Chapter 7: Congress All content, figures, and data will be updated to reflect the 2014 midterm elections and results. New What s at Stake in the 2014 Midterm Elections explores the issues that drove the election and the implications of its results. New Snapshot of America Citizens Love-Hate Relationship with Congress provides a visual display of public approval and disapproval for Congress. The section Partisanship has been updated to include Republican refusal to cooperate and compromise over raising the debt ceiling in 2013 and when a budget agreement was needed to allow the government to stay in business. New The Big Picture infographic feature How a Bill Becomes a Law visually traces the route of legislation from inception to authorization. The subsection Congress and the Executive Branch has been updated to include the creation of a Select Committee on Benghazi in 2014 to investigate whether the Obama administration misled the public about the deadly attack in Libya. The subsection Congress and the Executive Branch will also be updated to include 2014 content on recess appointments and the Supreme Court. New box on the 114 th Congress provides an overview of the 2014 election results as they affect the makeup of Congress, from its demographics to its prospects for polarization or bipartisanship. New Snapshot of America: Who Runs for Congress and How Much Does It Cost? provides a graphic display that shows common characteristics of political candidates running for Congress and how much they spend seeking office. New Snapshot of America Who Are Our Representatives in Congress? provides a visual picture of the demographics and occupations of those in Congress. New key term: nuclear option. Chapter 8: The Presidency New What s at Stake on executive power and the president s reach, considered in the perspective of House Speaker John Boehner s lawsuit against President Obama alleging the president overstepped his authority when he granted a temporary reprieve granted to employers in enforcing a requirement of the Affordable Care Act. New The Big Picture infographic feature State of the Union Wordle provides a visual rendering of key State of the Union addresses from different presidents and enables students to compare the issues that were important to each administration. The subsection on Judicial Powers has been updated to discuss how Obama s nominations have produced a more diverse federal judiciary. The subsection The Bush-Cheney Restoration of the Imperial Presidency has been expanded to include discussion of the controversial practice of signing statements.

6 The section Going Public includes a new paragraph on the Obama administration s strategy following the 2010 elections, of inviting experts and leaders to conferences or the White House to draw attention to and to gain support for presidential initiatives. Chapter 9: The Bureaucracy New subsection on the Bureaucratic Fiasco of the Decade discusses the failed roll-out of the Affordable Care Act s online health insurance portal HealthCare.gov. New The Big Picture infographic feature How the Federal Bureaucracy Evolved shows how and when the government s fifteen departments were created. New Clues to Critical Thinking box features an article from the FDA s blog on its role in preventing the use of the sedative thalidomide in the United States fifty years ago; the CLUES steps challenges students to critically assess the article and its source. New Snapshot of America Who Are the Federal Bureaucrats? provides a visual display of the demographic characteristics of the federal workforce. New Profiles in Citizenship features Jaime Schmidt of the National Park Service as she talks about public service and what keeps her engaged. The subsection on whistleblowers includes an expanded discussion of the difficulty in distinguishing between valid claims of government wrong-doing and illegal behavior, including claims about whether the administration impeded House investigations into the September 11, 2012 attacks on the U.S. consulate in Benghazi. Chapter 10: The American Legal System and the Courts New Snapshot of America Who Has Been Appointed to the Federal Courts? provides a visual display of the demographics of federal court appointees as well as Obama s confirmation rates. New The Big Picture infographic feature Pathway to and Through the Supreme Court provides a visual display of how cases make their way to, and are processed through, the Supreme Court. The section Equal Treatment by the Criminal Justice System is revised to include new discussion on the 2013 court ruling that New York City s stop-and-frisk tactics violated the constitutional rights of minorities in the city. Chapter 11: Public Opinion New Snapshot of America What We Think, By Income and Education provides a visual display of how people s political preferences often come from as assessment of what is best for them economically. The subsection on Partisanship and Ideology contains new discussion on the phenomenon of partisan sorting, whereby average Democrats and Republicans are much further apart ideologically than was the case in previous decades, including its impact on U.S. politics.

7 New Snapshot of America What We Think, by Age shows how political events, policy preferences, and age intersect. New Snapshot of America What We Think, by Gender and Marriage provides a visual display of gender similarities and difference on specific policy issues. New Snapshot of America What We Think, by Race, Ethnicity, and Religion provides a visual display of divergent political and policy attitudes between different racial, ethnic, and religious groups. New The Big Picture infographic feature How the Science of Polling Has Evolved illustrates opinion polls developed from the straw polls of the nineteenth century to the scientific poll as we know it today. Chapter 12: Political Parties New The Big Picture infographic feature How American Parties Have Evolved provides a visual summary of party eras and the realigning elections associated with the transitions between them. New Snapshot of America Who Belongs to What Party provides a visual display of how each party s coalition of voters differs based on group characteristics. Chapter 13: Interest Groups New Snapshot of America A Nation of Joiners illustrates what civic activities Americans participate in. The subsection Reproductive Rights Groups contains a new paragraph on the Supreme Court s ruling in the Hobby Lobby case that illustrated how interest groups can use the court system to advance their interests. In the subsection Direct Lobbying: Congress the strategies for congressional lobbying contains a new paragraph discussing the extent to which former politicians and congressional staffers leave their positions to capitalize on their contacts and go to work for interest groups. New The Big Picture infographic feature illustrates The Anatomy of a SuperPAC to help students understand how superpacs are organized and how they operate. New Table 13.1 identifies the top ten most influential lobbies in Washington, including industry, major players, key policy areas, and lobbying expenditures for This replaces former Table 13.1 The Lobbying Groups with the Most Clout in Washington, identifying group and rank up to 25. Chapter 14: Voting, Campaigns, and Elections New The Big Picture infographic feature visually deconstructs How the Electoral College Works to make the process accessible and understandable. New subsection Legal Obstacles: Regulating the Electorate under Exercising the Right to Vote in America contains 8 new paragraphs on the rules of elections as a set of valves that make it easier or harder for people to vote, including constitutional amendments; voter registration laws; the growing demographic differences in the supporters of the parties and increasing partisanship around voting; and the Supreme Court s recent

8 overturning of the preclearance provision of the 1965 Voting Rights Act in Shelby County v. Holder. New Snapshot of America Red and Blue America looks a close-up look at how Americans voted in the last presidential election in 2012 and how to interpret the data. The Getting Nominating subsection of Presidential Campaigns is updated with a discussion on the increasingly important role of debates in selecting a party s nomination, with examples of how the debates impacted Barack Obama, Hilary Clinton, and Rick Perry. New Profiles in Citizenship features political consultant and former presidential advisor David Axelrod on his views of citizenship and keeping the republic. Chapter 15: The Media New Snapshot of America Where Do We Get Our News? graphically depicts the various sources Americans use to inform themselves about the nation and the world. The Internet subsection is updated to discuss the web presence that most news organizations have today and how some monetize content on their sites and requires subscriptions, as The New York Times and Wall Street Journal have done, in order to maintain a viable business model. It also contains new material on news aggregators on the web, such as The Huffington Post and Buzzfeed, offering consumers more options than ever for their news. New Snapshot of America Who Participates in Social Media? considers the demographics of whose blogging, tweeting, and posting today. New The Big Picture infographic feature presents a visual display of Who Owns (and Controls) Today s Information Networks? The subsection Implications of Corporate Ownership for the News We Get adds a fifth consequence to what concentrated corporate ownership of the media mean to us as consumers of the news: the demands of the 24-hour news cycle prompting some reporters and editors to jump the gun on releasing a story to avoid getting scooped by the competition, only to find out too late that not all of their information was accurate; it also notes the number of journalists and editors at online outlets ranging from the conservative blog Breitbart.com to The Washington Post who have retweeted or reblogged clearly made-up stories from the news parody site Daily Current to their readers. New Snapshot of America Who Are the Journalists? presents a demographic breakdown of U.S. journalists and compares them to the public at large. New key term: media convergence. Chapter 16: Local and State Politics in a Federal System The Structure of Federalism subsection is updated with consideration of the Supreme Court s ruling that the states cannot be required accept Medicaid s expansion under the Affordable Care Act and the resultant split between some states who did expand coverage and those who did not. New Snapshot of America, How the National Government Influences the States, presents a visual display of former Table 16.1 to better help students understand the statefederal relationship. Under the Direct Democracy Today subsection, recent examples of California initiatives are noted, including Propositions 28 and 36. The section also discusses the

9 political practice of appearing to side with the little guy in campaigns to win popularity and votes, as the Missouri legislature did in 2014 with a farm bill supported by an agribusiness coalition. New The Big Picture infographic feature provides an illustrated comparison of characteristics between the fifty states. The section State Institutions and its subsection Able to Handle More Power and Responsibility? is updated with discussion of how states continue to struggle in the wake of the Great Recession as federal stimulus money comes to an end and how, despite that money, state recovery has been uneven. The section The States and the Great Recession has been cut. The subsection Competition and Policy in the States and Localities contains a revised discussion of how states are marketing themselves to appeal to residents of other states as a desirable place to relocate. Let s Revisit: What s at Stake again considers the role of the federal and state governments in dealing with immigration. Chapter 17: Social and Environmental Policy The subsection Types of Public Policy updates its discussion on disaster relief to contrast the difference in congressional response between Hurricane Katrina and Superstorm Sandy. The Policy Adoption subsection contrasts examples of recent adoptions in policy to highlight how varied they can be, from a nuclear arms reduction treaty to an executive order for the federal government to improve its recruiting of recent college graduates for jobs. New The Big Picture infographic feature examines Who Has What and Who Gets What in American Social Policy? New Snapshot of America What Our Families Look Like considers household characteristics, including births, marriage, divorce, household size. The subsection Patient Protection and the Affordable Care Act is revised to include how, by March 2014, twenty-six states and the District of Columbia agreed to participate and expand Medicaid coverage; another twenty-one states decided against expansion, and three were still considering the idea. It also discusses the troubled rollout of the health care exchanges and the negative effect on Obama s public approval ratings. New Table 17.3 Highlights of Health Care Provisions, by Year of Implementation presents an updated view from what was formerly a boxed summary. The Obama Record on the Environment subsection is updated to reflect on how the Obama administration first aggressively pushed to fund the clean-technology industry, but spending subsequently dropped off in the wake of the Solyndra controversy and criticism. Steps to ensure more renewable energy loan-guarantee programs were also expected to meet with criticism. Chapter 18: Economic Policy New What s at Stake examines President Obama s efforts to stimulate the economy in the wake of the Great Recession that began in 2008, which received strong criticism, and whether the investment paid off.

10 New Snapshot of America: What We Owe shows what Americans go into personal debt for. New The Big Picture infographic feature on How We Create a Budget and What We Spend It On delves into how money is managed in America. New coverage in The Politics of Fiscal Policy section includes four new paragraphs on the continuing unemployment problem, President Obama s proposal to increase the federal minimum wage, including his executive order raising the wage for federal workers, and public approval for the measure despite skepticism from economists and conservatives. It also addresses public concern with the federal deficit. New Snapshot of America: How Progressive Taxes Work provides an illuminating visual of how the progressive tax system impacts individuals at different income levels. New Let s Revisit: What s at Stake returns to Obama s stimulus efforts and how the nation s economy has fared; while the federal government praised the measures, critics have called for both more and less spending in a contentious debate that characterizes today s polarized politics. Chapter 19: Foreign Policy The section The Post Cold War Setting of American Foreign Policy contains new coverage of the U.S.-Russian relationship that reflects the increase in post-cold War tension to outright conflict as Russian troops moved into the Crimean part of Ukraine and Ukrainian rebels shot down a passenger jet with Russian missiles. New Big Picture feature Presidential Foreign Policy Doctrines. The sixth edition s Table 19.1 is reimagined into a visual illustration of U.S. presidents varying approaches to foreign policy. The American Style of Foreign Policy subsection notes criticisms of U.S. foreign policy, such as the United States lack of action to remove Syria s dictator. In the Global Pressures subsection, current disputes between the United States and its allies over trade are discussed, such as India s protection in the solar power cell industry, while a 2012 poll of Americans showed that public sentiment was in favor of U.S. foreign policy protecting American jobs. New Snapshot of America Who Serves in the Military provides a visual display of the demographics on the men and women serving in our armed forces. New coverage in the subsection Problems Without Borders addresses the growing issue of cybersecurity, as Internet-based attacks from without and without U.S. borders increase in frequency. It also notes the renewed threat of an old issue: piracy on the high seas, as pirates off the coast of Somalia continue to pose a threat to ships in the area, including an American vessel whose captain was taken hostage for five days.