An Age of Limits. Assess issues of domestic policy in the post Vietnam era:

Size: px

Start display at page:

Download "An Age of Limits. Assess issues of domestic policy in the post Vietnam era:"

Willa Jennings
5 years ago
Views:

2 Wednesday April Bellringer: Analyze docs 702, 709, 710. Discuss at 8:00 2. Discus 1970s and Stockman article :45 Small Group Seminar: take notes from discussion. 4. Answer Prompt on reverse side. 5. Homework: In Spiral analyze documents from DocBook: Read 672 Analyze documents A J based upon the question on 673. Analyze 694, 702A, & 711.

3 An Age of Limits Assess issues of domestic policy in the post Vietnam era:

4 LBJ AND the nation had been scarred by Vietnam: it had killed his lady and legacy. It fractured US

5 Woodstock: 1969 Flower Power and continuin g the legacy of Jack Kerouac. Peace not War Beatles The Who CCR Grateful Dead

6 C O N S E R V A T I V E B A C K L A S H

7 Why might a college or university want to consider race as a factor in the admissions process?

8 Bakke vs. University of California The Court held in a closely divided decision that race could be one of the factors considered in choosing a diverse student body in university admissions decisions. Bakke was admitted.

9 AFP: Nixon s Cold War strategy Kissinger and realpolitik & pragmatism China (1969 press leak) Détente visit to Moscow. Ping Pong Diplomacy 1971 recognize Chinese government. S.A.L.T. Treaty (SALT I) froze ICBMs and limited ABMs but no change on MIRVs.

10 What did Nixon hope to gain by opening relations with China? What had FDR hoped to gain by recognizing the Soviets in 1933? Why were JFK s first actions Foreign Policy? Opposition in Congress.

11 OPEC It was not only the USA. This cartoon is German but the message is similar.

12 Describe: Nixon s domestic agenda, analyzing the ways in which Nixon initiated and changed social and environmental programs. New Federalism: revenue sharing (size of gov. and stagflation) FAP (Family Assist Plan) Busing Supreme Court Extend Entitlements (SSI, Medicare, Medicaid) Crime: FBI Wiretaps, infiltrate: CIA investigate IRS audit

13 What is the effect of skyrocketing oil prices on an economy predicated upon inexpensive energy? Transportation of people and goods. Electrical grids. Factories. Supermarkets. Effect?

Jimmy Carter Carter did have some successes with Congress, but often because he backed existing Democratic programs, such as raising the minimum wage.

15 Jimmy Carter Carter did have some successes with Congress, but often because he backed existing Democratic programs, such as raising the minimum wage. The president did have success with his own program to deregulate the airline, trucking, and railroad industries, which eventually resulted in lower transportation costs for industry and consumers. the legislation would achieve two critical objective. "One is to help our fight against inflation and the other is to assure American citizens of an opportunity for low priced air transportation, " Carter pushed Congress to establish a "superfund" to clean up toxic waste sites.

16 1. Vietnam fuels inflation Wage and Price controls backfire Causality Yom Kippur War (Shuttle Diplomacy) OPEC oil based economy Iranian Hostage Crisis. 6. Double digit inflation and (monetary effect?)

17 Watergate Hotel The Watergate Break-in, June 17, 1972, police apprehended five men attempting to break into and wiretapping Democratic party offices. With two other accomplices they were tried and convicted in Jan., 1973.

Analyze: how the principles of the Constitution have changed through amendment and judicial interpretation (22nd and 25th Amendment). 22 nd Presidents may only serve two terms or ten years total.

18 Analyze: how the principles of the Constitution have changed through amendment and judicial interpretation (22nd and 25th Amendment). 22 nd Presidents may only serve two terms or ten years total. 25 th Clarified succession to the office of President and Vice President. Used for removal of VP Agnew and replacement for President Nixon. Executive Privilege U.S. vs. Nixon checks and balances of the Constitution.

19 The Gerald Ford Presidency First VP chosen under the 25 th Amendment. Chosen when Spiro Agnew resigned under indictment.

20 Domestic Economy WIN Whip Inflation Now Jawbone the issue/bully Pulpit. Opponents turn the button upside down: No Instant Miracles or NIM Farmers increase production Conserve energy to lower consumption Extend unemployment benefits Tax increases Why did the economy decline after Ford s 1974 WIN speech?

21 Accomplishments of Ford Nixon pardon was finally accepted by the public - two decades later. Calming and bringing together of the American people centrist 1974 Helsinki Accords to cooperate - set new limits on nukes H = H.R.

22 The Jimmy Carter Presidency Won against Gerald Ford in 1976 election. Previously had been Gov. of Georgia Peanut Farmer from Plains, Georgia. USN Engineer serving under Admiral Rickover

23 Issues for Carter Rising energy costs and shortages Steadily-increasing inflation, coming to one of the highest peacetime rates. Rising interest rates which had a slowing affect on the economy Continuing tensions between the parties over the Nixon resignation: Republicans wanted payback.

24 Domestic Accomplishments Decrease of budget deficit: strict budgeting. Increase of nearly 9 million jobs. National Energy Act and national energy policy conservation, alternative energy. Civil Service reform. Department of Education created Deregulation of trucking, railroad, and airlines: the legislation would achieve two critical objective. "One is to help our fight against inflation and the other is to assure American citizens of an opportunity for low priced air transportation, " Establish a "superfund" to clean up toxic waste sites.

25 Three Mile Island Superfund

26 Foreign Policy Accomplishments Championed human rights issues with China and USSR Camp David Accord in 1978 between Egypt and Israel Senate acceptance of Panama Canal Treaty to turn over canal in SALT II nuke limitation treaty (not ratified).

27 Sadat, Carter, Begin Signing of the Camp David Accords

28 Human Rights (Wilsonian?) Ideas, words, and actions matter. How a country treats its citizens, matters. Post Vietnam era regaining moral high ground.

29 President Carter pursues SALT II with Brezhnev.

30 Foreign Policy Problems SALT II was not ratified due to increasing tensions between the US and USSR about the USSR invasion of Afghanistan

31 Camp David Iranian Hostage Crisis Gold Medal

32 Iran Hostage Crisis Jan, 1979 Revolution led by Islamic Fundamentalists October 1979, the US allows the deposed and now ailing Shah to come to the US for treatment November 1979, Students in Tehran seize the US embassy and take 52 hostage Not released until Reagan s inauguration day, 1981

33 Iranian Revolution led to increased tensions between the US and the Middle East, especially the Muslim World.

35 Conservatives of the 1980 s felt that big government was a problem and that the government should limit costly social programs and not interfere too much with business practices. The Conservative Revolution

36 The Main Idea In 1980 Americans voted for a new approach to governing by electing Ronald Reagan, who powerfully promoted a conservative agenda. Focus As the 1980 presidential election approached, why was the nation ready for change? What was the Reagan revolution, and who supported it? What were the key ideas of Reagan s economic plan, and what were its effects?

37 Low Spirits People lacked confidence in government. The turbulent 1960s, Watergate, the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, the Iranian hostage crisis, and long gasoline lines put Americans in an uneasy mood. Critics said Carter blamed Americans for the crisis in confidence instead of fixing the problems. A conservative movement that opposed liberal social and racial policies was growing. The 1980 Election Reagan promised to return the country to a simpler time of low taxes, smaller government, a strong military, and conservative moral values. Focused on family, work, neighborhood, peace, and freedom. Reagan asked if people were better off than they were four years ago. Reagan and his running mate, George H.W. Bush, won in a landslide; Republicans also gained control of the Senate.

Although Reagan began his political life as a Democrat, by 1962 he found his home in the Republican Party. In 1966 he became the governor of California.

38 Although Reagan began his political life as a Democrat, by 1962 he found his home in the Republican Party. In 1966 he became the governor of California. Had trouble meeting his goals for cutting the size of government After two terms as governor, he wanted to run for the presidency Reagan was the hero of a growing movement called the New Right. His powerful personality, optimism, and acting skills drew many Americans even Democrats to his side.

39 Reduce the federal bureaucracy, deregulate certain industries, cut taxes, increase the defense budget, take a hard line with the Soviets, and appoint conservative judges In his first few months as president, Reagan got much of what he wanted. Image grew stronger as he survived an assassination attempt Proved himself capable of decisive action when he fired 13,000 striking air traffic controllers

40 Reaganomics or voodoo economics? Reagan s plan for tax and spending cuts Two goals Reduce taxes to stimulate economic growth Cut the federal budget Based on supply-side economics A theory that says breaks for businesses will increase supply of goods and services, aiding the economy

41 - large tax cuts that were meant to stimulate the economy Reagan s Economic Plan: - spending cuts to costly social programs

42 Claimed the tax breaks simply made the rich richer, said wealth did not trickle down to the working class Said that tax cuts combined with increased military spending would drive the federal deficit higher Vice President Bush had questioned plan to cut taxes and increase military budget during the Republican nomination race, calling Reagan s plan voodoo economics. During 1981 and 1982 the nation suffered the worst recession since the Great Depression. Unemployment rose and government revenues fell. Federal spending soared and the federal deficit skyrocketed.

44 Realignment New Deal Coalition Democratic South African-Americans Union members Urban North Immigrant/newer ethnic groups Farmers Reagan Coalition Midwest small towns Wealthiest Americans Hawks on foreign policy Blue Collar in North and Midwest (union and non-union) White Southerners Evangelicals Yuppies

45 Effect of Reagan on US Political Culture Left US Pre-1981; New Deal and Great Society era Reagan era Right Left-right defined as accepted level of government intervention in the economy: right = less intervention left = more intervention

46 Reagan Media Strategy Bully Pulpit Stage Events in Controlled Settings Feed the Media Consistency of Message Selling the President Popularity is Power

49 The Iran Contra Scandal Private US $ Foreign Gov t $ $$$ Swiss bank accounts; controlled by North Contras Iran Hostages Israel weapons weapons US

50 Iran-Contra Affair Oliver North s arrest photo Dealt with sales of weapons to Iran to gain release of hostages held in Lebanon Money from the sales of weapons went to Nicaraguan Contras Oliver North and John Poindexter convicted on charges of obstructing justice; both later overturned

51 Elliot Abrams Robert McFarlane NSA John Poindexter NSA Oliver North NSA George Schultz Sec. of State Caspar Weinberger Sec of Defense Richard Secord Elliot Abrams

52 The Evil Empire From a speech delivered by Reagan in 1983 Described the supposed moral divide between U.S. and USSR Called the Cold War a struggle of right and wrong and good and evil President Reagan gives his famous evil empire speech

53 Strategic Defense Initiative: Star Wars

54 Strategic Defense Initiative An artist s rendition of how the SDI system would function Proposed by Reagan in 1983 Nicknamed Star Wars Would provide a space shield against nuclear attack Shift away from mutually assured destruction System never fully deployed

Uneven economic growth strong growth, but unevenly distributed Rising deficits expenditures far greater than tax revenue Financial deregulation led to

55 Uneven economic growth strong growth, but unevenly distributed Rising deficits expenditures far greater than tax revenue Financial deregulation led to corporate raiders, downsizing, and hostile takeovers Savings and loan crisis deregulated S&Ls loaned out too much of their wealth and went bankrupt on a massive scale

The Economy GDP and the stock market rose to

and inflation. Unemployment slowly dropped.

56 The Economy GDP and the stock market rose to unprecedented highs. Alan Greenspan and the Federal Reserve Board actively lowered and raised interest rates to avoid a recession and inflation. Unemployment slowly dropped. Some credit Reaganomics for the positive economic trends of the 1980s. Others credit the Federal Reserve Board.

In a 1984 portrayal, the 40th President of the United States is transformed into a television pitchman selling America an alternate reality through the looking glass. http://blogs.smithsonianmag.

57 In a 1984 portrayal, the 40th President of the United States is transformed into a television pitchman selling America an alternate reality through the looking glass. 8/04/poking-fun-at-the-presidents/ The view of a disengaged President came out of the Tower Commission Report on Iran Contra. The caption, Through the looking glass, reinforces Block s belief that Reagan s world view was topsy-turvy. 4.html&distid=ucs#ixzz0oFS5zMFA

58 Rising Deficits Tax cuts coupled with high military spending tripled the budget deficit from 1980 to Huge government borrowing was needed to fund the deficit. The U.S. trade deficit grew as well. Deregulation Reagan deregulated financial services. Corporate raiders bought declining businesses and merged them, cut them into pieces, or sold them. Resulted in layoffs Supporters claimed this weeded out weak companies and helped productivity. S&L Crisis Deregulation allowed S&Ls to offer services besides mortgages. They loaned out too much of their wealth. Went bankrupt during the savings and loan crisis. Government was forced to bail S&Ls out.

60 Glasnost and Perestroika Policies initiated by Mikhail Gorbachev Glasnost: openness in addressing political issues Perestroika: restructuring of the Soviet economy Gorbachev and Reagan meet informally at Camp David

63 President George H.W. Bush: Pres. George H.W. Bush continued Reagan s policies with his famous promise, Read my lips. No new taxes.

64 Persian Gulf War: Operation Desert Storm

65 Fall of the Berlin Wall East German tourists fled to Austria through Hungary and Czechoslovakia Public demonstrations began in East Germany East Germany allowed passage to West Germany, including West Berlin Dismantling the Berlin Wall, 1989

66 End of the Cold War Bush and Gorbachev give a joint presentation at a summit in Helsinki, Finland in 1990 Soviet economy stagnated; defense spending cut Bush and Gorbachev announced end to Cold War in 1989 Communist Party lost political power in USSR USSR dissolved in December 1990

67 G.H.W. Bush The S&L crisis cost taxpayers an estimated $200 billion. This and a recession that began in late 1990 forced Bush to raise taxes. Unemployment and poverty rose significantly during his term. Despite his foreign-policy successes, economic troubles at home proved to be Bush s political downfall.

70 President Bill Clinton: Pres. Clinton won the election of 1992 on the hopes that he could help the nation s troubled economy. Clinton went on to win reelection in 1996 as well.

71 Clinton was known as a moderate, increasing some taxes and reducing spending, resulting in a drop in the federal budget deficit for three years in a row.

72 Other Domestic Challenges The internet emerged as a major means of communication and commerce. Internet People were concerned about inappropriate material on the Internet. The White House tried to pass a law to limit sexually explicit material, but the Supreme Court ruled that it violated the right to freedom of speech. Terrorism Terrorists exploded a bomb in Oklahoma City that killed 168 people. Timothy McVeigh and Terry Nichols were convicted of the crime.

73 The Oslo Accords peace agreement between Israel and the Palestinians Somalia American forces, who were there to help distribute food to Somalis affected by the civil war, were killed. Haiti American forces led a UN effort to remove a military dictator who had taken over the government. Yugoslavia Clinton helped bring about the Dayton Accords to stop fighting in the new country of Bosnia and Herzegovina. NAFTA Clinton fought for and won passage of the North American Free Trade Agreement.

74 Oslo Accords Clinton hosted the signing of a peace agreement between Israel and the Palestinians. Agreed to selfrule for Palestinians in return for the Palestinians recognizing Israel s right to exist Never fully realized Somalia Bush sent troops to help the UN distribute food to victims of the civil war. UN forces also worked to end the fighting. After a number of Americans died, Clinton withdrew the remaining soldiers. Stopped U.S. from sending help to Rwanda. Haiti Clinton pledged the use of American troops to lead a UN mission to remove a military dictator. The presence of UN forces helped bring about a generally peaceful change in government.

Former Yugoslavia Violence raged between the new countries formed from the breakup of Yugoslavia. Clinton helped broker the Dayton Accords to end fighting in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

75 Former Yugoslavia Violence raged between the new countries formed from the breakup of Yugoslavia. Clinton helped broker the Dayton Accords to end fighting in Bosnia and Herzegovina. He urged NATO to act against Serbia. The Serb army was forcing ethnic Albanians from the Serbian region of Kosovo. International Trade Under NAFTA, the United States, Mexico, and Canada became a freetrade zone. Clinton needed to win congressional approval of the agreement. Critics thought NAFTA would cost American jobs. Proponents believed increasing trade would help the economy. Clinton also helped create the World Trade Organization.

76 2000 Election George W. Bush Popular Vote: 50,456,169 Electoral Count: 271 Al Gore Popular Vote: 50,996,116 Electoral Count: 266

80 > Ronald Reagan s First Term $656 billion increase > Ronald Reagan s Second Term $1.036 trillion increase > George H.W. Bush s Term $1.587 trillion increase > Bill Clinton s First Term $1.122 trillion increase > Bill Clinton s Second Term $418 billion increase > George W. Bush s First Term $1.885 trillion increase > George W. Bush s Second Term $3.014 trillion increase

CHAPTER 29 & 30. Mr. Muller - APUSH

CHAPTER 29 & 30. Mr. Muller - APUSH CHAPTER 29 & 30 Mr. Muller - APUSH WATERGATE What happened: An illegal break-in to wiretap phones on the Democratic Party headquarters with electronic surveillance equipment. Where: Watergate Towers,