UNITED STATES HISTORY SECTION II Part A (Suggested writing time 45 minutes) Percent of Section II score 45

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1 UNITED STATES HISTORY SECTION II Part A (Suggested writing time 45 minutes) Percent of Section II score 45 Directions: The following question requires you to construct a coherent essay that integrates your interpretation of Documents A-I and your knowledge of the period referred to in the question. High scores will be earned only by essays that both cite key pieces of evidence from the documents and draw on outside knowledge of the period. 1. Analyze immigration from and immigration from , comparing and contrasting general response to increased migration. Document A Source: Jane Addams, Twenty Years at Hull-House, Nothing so deadens the sympathies and shrivels the power of enjoyment, as the persistent keeping away from the great opportunities for helpfulness and a continual ignoring of the starvation struggle which makes up the life of at least half the race. To shut one's self away from that half of the race life is to shut one's self away from the most vital part of it; it is to live out but half the humanity to which we have been born heir and to use but half our faculties. Document B Source: The New Colossus, Emma Lazarus, With silent lips. "Give me your tired, your poor, Your huddled masses yearning to breathe free, The wretched refuse of your teeming shore. Send these, the homeless, tempest-tossed to me, I lift my lamp beside the golden door!"

2 Document C Source: Ku Klux Klansmen at Night Parade, Library of Congress, Document D Source: Report on Chinese Immigration, New York Times, In the opinion of the committee it may be said that the resources of California and the Pacific coast have been more rapidly developed with the cheap and docile labor of the Chinese than they would have been without this element this is true, at any rate, of the capitalist classes The committee found that laboring men and artisans, perhaps without exception, were opposed to the influx of Chinese, on the ground that hard experience had shown that they are thereby thrown out of employment The testimony shows that the Chinese live in filthy dwellings, upon poor food, crowded together in narrow quarters and that their vices are corrupting to the morale of the city, especially of the young.

3 Document E Source: Henry Cabot Lodge, Speech for the Literacy Test Bill, It is found, in the first place, that the illiteracy test will bear most heavily upon the Italians, Russians, Poles, Hungarians, Greeks, and Asiatics, and very lightly, or not at all, upon English-speaking emigrants or Germans, Scandinavians, and French. Document F Source: The Inevitable Result to the American Workingman of Indiscriminate Immigration, Judge.

4 Document G Source: Against Punishing Italians, New York Times, A meeting called by the Chamber of Labor s Committee was held here yesterday in protest against the sentencing to death of Nicolo Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti, the two Italians convicted last summer of murdering Fredrick A. Parmentar Document H Source: Topics of the Times, New York Times, Patriotism has had many better demonstrations than was found for it by the men who went masked to the house of a too German-American up in New Haven, dragged him out of the doors, pommeled him severely then made him do and say several things that professed a loyalty The German-American in question had taken elaborate pains to make himself as offensive to his neighbors as he could convincing evidence of his sympathy for our national enemies and his antagonism to the country of which he said he had the dubious honor to be a citizen meaning the United States. Document I Source: Josiah Strong, Our Country: Its Possible Future and Its Present Crisis, It is not necessary to argue to those for whom I write that the two great needs of mankind, that all men may be lifted up into the light of the highest Christian civilization, are, first, a pure, spiritual Christianity, and second, civil liberty It follows, then, that the Anglo- Saxon, as the great representative of these two ideas, the depositary of these two greatest blessings, sustains peculiar relations to the world's future, is divinely commissioned to be, in a peculiar sense, his brother's keeper

5 Document Information and Inferences DBQ 2010 Document A: Twenty Years at Hull-House by Jane Addams, 1910 Document Information: Addams writes about civic duty one has of giving back to the less fortunate. Document Inferences: Jane Addam s Hull House was established as a refuge for the poor, mainly immigrants, in Chicago. Formed in response to the large number of immigrants and their grim living situations in the cities. When immigrants came to the US, they often did not have enough money to settle out of the cities, thereby swelling the population of cities, prompting competition for jobs, and racial prejudices. Document B: The New Colossus by Emma Lazarus, 1883 Document Information: Poem written in 1883 by Emma Lazarus. Encouraging poor and wretched to come to a place of benevolence Document Inferences: Engraved on a plaque on the Statue of Liberty, which stood welcoming immigrants near Ellis Island Though the poem sounds as if it is encouraging immigration, the actual response to the increased number of migrants starkly contrasted the welcoming and compassionate words of the poem. It is ironic that this work is found on the Statue of Liberty in a time where many immigrants were not welcome. Document C: Ku Klux Klansmen at Night Parade, 1922 Document Information: Members of the Ku Klux Klan congregating at night. Document Inferences: Prior to the 1920s, the Ku Klux Klan focused most of its energy on discrimination and intimidation of African Americans. However, as more

6 immigrants began to flow into the country, they began including Jews, Catholics, Communists, and other races in their spectrum of hate. Document D: Report on Chinese Immigration, 1877 Document Information: A committee investigates Chinese immigration and general consensus on their immigration to America. Chinese helped develop the Pacific Coast. The wealthier classes attest to the fact that the Chinese helped develop it, but their presence produces business competition with the existing laboring classes. Chinese live in horrible conditions and corrupt the cities. Document Inferences One of the major resistances to immigration was the resulting business competition. Chinese Exclusion Act was instated in 1882, becoming the first significant law to restrict immigration. The exclusion of only Chinese demonstrates racism Chinese were a major force behind building the Transcontinental Railroad. Many Chinese settled on the West Coast and went through Angel Island. Document E: Speech for the Literary Test Bill, 1896 Document Information Proposition for the institution of a literacy test for incoming immigrants The literacy test would deter Southern and Eastern Europeans and Asians more than Northern Europeans Document Inferences Organization called Immigration Restriction League formed and encouraged literacy tests to limit immigration Tests were conducted in immigrants native language Even though meant to restrict immigration, large numbers of immigrants came into the US New / Wrong immigrants of Southern and Eastern Europe and Asians versus the accepted Northern Europeans Document F: The Inevitable Result to the American Workingman of Indiscriminate Immigration Document Information:

7 An immigrant in tattered clothes reaches for the hard-earned food of an American workingman. Document Inferences: Immigrants brought in a cheap source of labor that caused business competition with existing American workers. A response against immigration. Document G: Against Punishing Italians, 1921 Document Information Sacco and Vanzetti were two Italian immigrants accused of murder. Executed Document Inferences The two were anarchists, a fact that skewed the outcome of the trial because of prejudice. Little substantial evidence was used to support the accusations against them Their deaths spurred protest because of the prejudice that influenced the outcome of the trial. Identifies the nativist fear that because of immigrant arrivals, different and potentially dangerous ideologies would be brought into the US. Document H: Topics of the Times, 1918 Document Information A German-American is beaten because of his racial background and sympathy for Germany Document Inferences Due to World War I, an anti-german hysteria hit the United States, and many Germans faced discrimination and even physical abuse due to lingering loyalty to their home country. Emphasizes pressure to assimilate Document I: Our Country: Its Possible Future and Its Present Crisis, 1891 Document Information

8 Josiah Strong writes that the greatest elements of a society are Christianity and civil liberty. Emphasizes the superiority of Anglo-Saxons and their responsibility as a brother s keeper. Document Inferences: Josiah Strong was a Protestant clergyman that deemed immigration one of the ills of society. Urged people to civilize and Christianize new immigrants. Mention of the superiority of Anglo-Saxons emphasizes resistance to increased immigration of New immigrants and reveals pressure to assimilate to American society.

9 Document Information and Inference DBQ 2010 (cont d.) Commonly Seen Relevant Outside Information Nativism Wrong / New immigrants Eastern and Southern European Immigrants Asians Ellis Island Angel Island Immigration Relocation Offices Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 Transcontinental Railroad Immigration Restriction League Progressivism Social Reforms Jane Addams Hull House First Red Scare Sacco and Vanzetti Anarchists Communists Socialists Ku Klux Klan Emergency Quota Act of 1921 Prohibition Anti-German Sentiment during WWI Assimilation Statue of Liberty/ The New Colossus Prevalence of Jobs in America Business competition Ethnic Neighborhoods Josiah Strong Civilize and Christianize Racism

10 AP UNITED STATES HISTORY 2010 SCORING GUIDELINES Question 1 Analyze immigration from and immigration from , comparing and contrasting general response to increased migration. The 8-9 Essay Contains a well-developed thesis that examines immigration in the two time periods and compares and contrasts the responses to immigration. Presents an effective analysis of immigration and addresses similarities and differences of the two time periods. Effectively uses a substantial number of documents. Supports thesis with substantial and relevant outside information. May contain minor errors. Is clearly organized and well written. The 5-7 Essay Contain a thesis that addresses immigration in the two time periods and addresses comparisons and contrasts. Has some limited analysis of similarities and differences between the two periods of immigration. o References to similarities and differences may be implicit Effectively uses some documents. Supports the thesis with some relevant outside information. May have errors that do not seriously detract from the quality of the essay. Shows acceptable organization and writing; language errors do not interfere with the comprehension of the essay. The 2-4 Essay Contains a limited or underdeveloped thesis. Deals with the question in a general manner; simplistic treatment of similarities

11 and differences between the two periods of immigration. Merely refers to, quotes or briefly cites documents. Contains little outside information, or information that is inaccurate or irrelevant. May have major errors. May be poorly organized and/or poorly written. The 0-1 Essay Contains no thesis or a thesis that does not address the question. Exhibits inadequate or incorrect understanding of the question Has little or no understanding or the documents, or ignores them completely. Has numerous errors. Written so poorly that it inhibits understanding. -- blank or completely off task

12 Bibliography Addams, Jane. Twenty Years at Hull-House. American History Online. Facts on File, n.d. Web. 24 Apr < NuHistory/ default.asp?itemid=we52&newitemid=true>. Against Punishing Italians. New York Times 4 Oct. 1921: n. pag. ProQuest Historical Newspapers. Web. 24 Apr < hnweb/ hn/ do/ document?set=searchera&start=1&rendition=xcitation&inmylist=false&urn=urn%3aproquest%3aus%3bpqdoc%3bhnp%3bpqd %3BHNP%3BPROD%3Bxcitation%3B &mylisturn=urn:proquest:US;PQDOC;HNP;PQD;HNP;PROD;xarticle-image; &returnpage=>. Ku Klux Klansmen at Night Parade American History Online. Facts on File, n.d. Web. 24 Apr < NuHistory/ default.asp?itemid=we52&newitemid=true>. Lodge, Henry Cabot. Speech for the Literacy Test Bill. 16 Mar American History Online. Web. 24 Apr < NuHistory/ default.asp?itemid=we52&newitemid=true>. Report on Chinese Immigration. New York Times 28 Feb. 1877: n. pag. ProQuest Historical Newspapers. Web. 24 Apr < hnweb/ hn/ do/ document?set=searchera&start=1&rendition=xarticleimage&inmylist=false&urn=urn%3aproquest%3aus%3bpqdoc%3bhnp%3bpqd%3 BHNP%3BPROD%3Bx-articleimage%3B &mylisturn=urn%3Aproquest%3AUS%3BPQDOC%3BHNP%3BPQ D%3BHNP%3BPROD%3Bx-citation%3B >. Strong, Josiah. Our Country: Its Possible Future and Its Present Crisis. American History Online. Facts on File, n.d. Web. 24 Apr < NuHistory/ default.asp?itemid=we52&newitemid=true>.

13 "The Inevitable Result to the American Workingman of Indiscriminate Immigration." Cartoon. Judge: n. pag. Web. 29 Apr < 19clabor02.htm>. Topics of the Times. New York Times 8 Jan. 1918: n. pag. ProQuest Historical Newspapers. Web. 24 Apr < hnweb/ hn/ do/ document?set=search&start=1&rendition=x-articleimage&inmylist=false&urn=urn%3aproquest%3aus%3bpqdoc%3bhnp%3bpqd%3 BHNP%3BPROD%3Bx-articleimage%3B &mylisturn=urn%3Aproquest%3AUS%3BPQDOC%3BHNP%3BP QD%3BHNP%3BPROD%3Bx-citation%3B >.

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