Test Examples. Vertical Integration

Transcription

1 Test Examples Vertical Integration Andrew Carnegie used vertical integration when he bought out his suppliers. He not only owned the steel company but also owned the coal fields, iron mines, ore freighters and railroad lines. He did this in order to control the raw materials and transportation systems. He was able to control the production at all levels which led to more profit for him.

2 During the 19th century workers formed labor unions to try and improve the working conditions for themselves and other workers. Often working conditions were unsafe, dirty, and harsh. Workers often worked 12 hour days, 6 days a week with no sick or vacation time. Many workers were killed each week and wages were very low. Many families could not survive unless all family members worked, including children. Labor unions were formed to combat these issues and were a major force in the business industry for many years.

3 Question of the Day Why has the US always been a magnet for immigration?

4 BW #1 Read and answer the following questions: (This is also on page 253 of your book) The year is New York City s swelling population has created a housing crisis. Immigrant families crowd into apartments that lack light, ventilation, and sanitary facilities. Children have no where to play except in the streets and are often kept out of school to work and help support their families. You are a reformer who wishes to help immigrants improve their lives: 1. What would you do to improve conditions? 2. What skills do newcomers need? 3. How might immigrants respond to help from an outsider?

5 Take out your chapter 7 term worksheet and fill out the blocks on the back. It s titled Push/Pull immigration Be ready to discuss in class.

6 Bell Work #1 Examine the political cartoon. What message is the artist trying to convey? What current event he is referring to?

7 Chapter 7 Immigration and Urbanization Identify patterns of immigration and the causal actionshat led to immigration to the USA. Distinguish between old and new immigrants Examine Ellis Island and Angel Island

8 Standard: Identify patterns of immigration and the causal factors that led to immigration to the USA From which parts of the world did immigrants come to the United States? For what reasons did they journey to America? What were the differences and similarities between the two US immigration centers? How was the immigration restricted?

9 Immigration Coming and settling in a country of which one is not a native Immigration helped make the US the diverse society it is today. Why did so many leave their homelands? Discuss push/pull

10 Total: = 40 million immigrants Total: = 25 million immigrants Today:?

11 Why they Came Oral histories of Jewish immigrants to Pittsburgh Our synagogue was in a room with the windows blacked out. We were afraid to speak Yiddish on the streets. We often had to hide from people who came to persecute the Jews. During the pogrom (organized government persecution of the Jews) in Vitebsk (Russia) around 1905, my collarbone was broken and the back of my head still bears the scar of a dagger. I still have a scar on my thigh where a Russian soldier struck me with his sword. I was three years old and my mother tried to protect me with her body, but he got to me. It did not seem reasonable for me to serve the Czar in the Army.

12 Italian immigrants The main reason was bread. There was always bread in America. Life in America was better. There was always work in America. I never went to an American school, but I insisted that my children attend university in the United States where they had more chance. I have progressed; I have lived well. I have been able to send my children to good schools so that today they hold positions of respect. My brother who stayed here in Italy cannot say that.

13 Chapter 7 Immigration and Urbanization Identify patterns of immigration and the causal actions that led to immigration to the USA. Distinguish between old and new immigrants Examine Ellis Island and Angel Island

14 Standard: Identify patterns of immigration and the causal factors that led to immigration to the USA From which parts of the world did immigrants come to the United States? For what reasons did they journey to America? What were the differences and similarities between the two US immigration centers? How was the immigration restricted?

15 Immigration Experience When an immigrant came to America he expected to see streets paved in gold. Instead he saw three things: Streets were not paved in gold, streets were not paved at all. He (immigrant) was expected to pave the street. Burt Wolfe.

16 Birds of Passage Intended to stay only temporarily to earn money and then return to their homeland.

17 Old Immigrants s Northern and Western Europe English Speaking High level of literacy and skills Protestant (Irish and Germans-Catholic) Blended easily into society

18 New Immigrants 1880 s-1915 Southern and Eastern Europe (Italy, Greece, Croats, Slovaks, Poles, Russians) Chinese-in the west Poor & illiterate peasants unaccustomed to democracy. Catholic, Jewish, Greek Orthodox, Russian Orthodox Crowded, poor ethnic neighborhoods in major cities.

19 Others Chinese: West Coast. Gold Rush, Railroads, farmed or worked as domestic servants. Japanese: US Annexation of Hawaii (1898) increased Japanese immigration to west coast. West Indies and Mexico

20 Elis Island, New York Arrival point for European immigrants Had to pass inspection and processing took hours, sick were sent home Had to show they were not criminals, had $25.00, able to work.

21 Angel Island, San Francisco Asians, Mostly Chinese Processing was much more harsh, tough questioning, long detentions in filthy conditions Prison style barracks-could be kept for up to 3 months

22 Friction Assimilate Melting pot- mixture of people of different cultures and races who blended together by abandoning their native languages and customs. Nativism-Overt favoritism toward native born Americans. Led to anti-immigrant groups and demanded immigration restrictions. Chinese Exclusion Act Gentlemen s Agreement

23 Are we still a place of refuge for the oppressed of all nations? James B. Weaver

24 Section 2: Urbanization Challenges Rapid urbanization occurred in the late 19 th century in the Northeast & Midwest Most immigrants settled in cities because of the available jobs & affordable housing By 1910, immigrants made up more than half the population of 18 major American cities

25 Migration from Country to Rapid improvements in farm technology (tractors, reapers, steel plows) made farming more efficient in the late 19th century It also meant less labor was needed to do the job City Many rural people left for cities to find work- including almost ¼ million African Americans Discrimination and segregation were often the reality for African Americans who migrated North

26 Urban Problems Housing: Overcrowded tenements were unsanitary. Sanitation: Garbage was not collected, pollution Transportation: Cities struggled to provide adequate transit systems Water: Cholera and Typhoid Fever was common Crime: Population increased thieves flourished Fire: Limited water supply, wooden structures, candles Chicago 1871, San Francisco 1906

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31 Reformers Mobilize Social Gospel Movement Preached salvation through service to the poor. Jane Addams: Founded Hull House (First female to win Nobel Peace Prize) Settlement Houses: provided a place to stay, classes, health care and other social services.

32 Jacob Riis: Photographer who captured images of the city to bring awareness of the plight of children, women and immigrants.

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