CALD in Southeast. Culturally and Linguistically Diverse (CALD) includes refugees and migrants from non

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1 CALD in Southeast Who are we?

2 CALD in Southeast Culturally and Linguistically Diverse (CALD) includes refugees and migrants from non English speaking countries

3 History of Migration to Southeast Township of Dandenong laid out in 1852 The Dandenong livestock, produce and goods markets were formally established in 1866 and became a focal point of the developing township which h eventually became known as the 'Gateway to Gippsland 1873 Dandenong proclaimed a Shire The markets were the main contributors to economic success until after World War II, after which there was enormous growth and industrial change This information is adapted from the City of Greater Dandenong s Local History Sheets available on their website.

4 Migration Europe s economic refugees 1950s 1960s, factories, shops, houses and schools rose up, rapidly covering former paddocks. Heinz, International Harvester andgeneral Motors Holden established factories on the flat land south east of Dandenong. Many other firms, large and small, followed. The abundant new jobs attracted many workers, especially European migrants. The Housing Commission established the new suburb of Doveton, north of the Princes Highway, to house the rapidly increasing population. p Dandenong expanded rapidly to become an industrial hub This information is adapted from the City of Greater Dandenong s Local History Sheets available on their website.

5 Migration Italian, Greek and Spanish remain in the top 10 languages of people in Dandenong. TODAY Great demand in bilingual aged care workers with these languages today.

6 Humanitarian Refugees Jewish community were the first major refugee group settled in Australia but they are not prominent in the Southeast.

7 Humanitarian Refugees 1970s 1980s Vietnamese andcambodianrefugees Chilean refugees 1990s Former Yugoslavian refugees (Croatians, Serbians, Bosnians) Start of Sudanese /Rwandan/Burundi refugees Burmese students 1992 onwards, influx of Somali /Ethiopian refugees

8 Humanitarian Refugees Sudanese refugees 2000 onwards Sierra Leone, Congo, Liberia, Iraq, Iran, Afghanistan 2007 Burmese, Afghani, Iranian, Iraqi

9 Sudanese Refugees Mostly Christian and from the South A few Muslim from North years in Refugee camps in Kenya/Egypt Sudanese Lost Boys Single mothers/women at risk Parents often illiterate with no primary schooling Languages include Sudanese Arabic & tribal languages like Dinka, Nuer and Acholi July 2011 independence (return of men)

10 Sudanese Refugees 90% of Sudanese students in H/W club arrived between ; A few born in Australia Rolling out of ESL programs into mainstream English Complicated families and some unaccompanied minors Missing male role models Intergenerational conflict on increase

11 Sudanese Refugees MTV role models Alcohol and drugs growing problem for young men Increasing rates of teenage pregnancy Males face discrimination in workforce High rates of domestic violence Insecure housing discrimination by Real Estate Agents

12 Sudanese Refugees Born in refugee camps Lack of understanding of education system and job market Community groups split along ethnic lines/not coordinated d Keen interest and ability in Sports Increasing ability to pay Private School fees Fee subsidies in some catholic schools

13 Burmese Student refugees 1990s Fled after 1988 uprising and now in their 40 s. Well educated in Burma and had studied at university Arrived as single individuals Continued education in Australia Mostly Buddhist Today are employed Now Parents of primary and secondary school children Value education

14 Newly arrived Burmese Refugees Muslim (in southeast Melbourne) Arrived in Family Groups A few unaccompanied minors with other families Ethnic minority i Karen people Low education and general knowledge Very traditional hill tribe minorities Don t have high value for education Lived years in refugee camps in Burma Facing Intergenerational Conflict Large families or 2 or more families in households

15 Congo, Sierra Leone, Burundi and French speaking Often well educated Value education Child soldiers Rwanda Horrific wars A long time in refugee camps in Kenya/Uganda/ Ethiopia

16 Ethiopian Two groups Arahmaic and Oromo speaking Organised along ethnic lines. Muslims and Christians i Mostly Oromo people in Southeast Very well organised Oromo community group Good education system in Ethiopia Value education

17 Somali Muslim One language group Somali 9 Tribes No strong traditional value for education but increasingly valued as they become rooted in Australia Parents loweducation/ literacybut somegroups improving High rates of domestic violence BlackMuslims Facing discrimination in workforce

18 Iraq Shiite Muslims in Southeast (mostly Sunni in North of Melb) Interpreters for ADF Well educated Parents Unemployed / depression Unemployment of Parents major issue Are parents of primary and secondary school children

19 Afghanistan Southeast attracts 90% of Afghans and came in Two Waves Early 1990s (Pashtuns) are mostly employed today and 2007 current(hazaras) Hazaras now about % of total Afghan population Many spent time on Nauru and have mental health issues Mostly arrive as single men Subsequently bring families over High rates of domestic violence Muslim Very motivated and keen to work Reliable, good workers Cash hin hand/ exploited

20 Afghanistan Large numbers of unaccompanied minors Under financial pressure to work not study Leave school and courses for quick seasonal work Unrealistic expectations of education/work timelines UHM getting to work program Youth Connect Official age may not be real age Large influx of wives and children expected 2012/2013. Moving from Dandenong to Casey Fractured population with many community groups

21 Sri Lankan Tamil ethnic group and speak Tamil Long periods in country at war Some child soldiers Strong value on education Single men arriving and will send for families

22 Migrants Chinese Indian Sri Lankan Filipino Mauritian South African Vietnamese Cambodian New Zealanders/Pacific Islanders (via New Zealand)

23 Chinese Skilled migration Families and students who have studied in Australia 457 visa holders skilled tradespeople Spousal migration Buddhist and Christian Strong value on education Send children to private weekend schools

24 Indian Skilled migration Families and students who have studied in Australia 457 visa holders skilled tradespeople Spousal migration Hindu, Muslim and Christian Strong value on education Send children to private weekend schools

25 Sri Lankan Skilled migration Families and students who have studied in Australia Spousal migration Buddhist and Christian Speak Sinhalese and often English Strong value on education

26 Vietnamese Spousal migration Some skilled migration (trades) Single mothers marrying Australians Mostly Buddhist (some Catholic) Working class families / rural education

27 Cambodian Spousal migration Single mothers marrying locals Teenage orphans sponsored by family Buddhist Low levels of education (low system in Cambodia)

28 Pacific Islanders/New Zealanders Many PI born in NZ Other PI transit itthrough h NZ and pick up passports prior to migrating to Australia. Samoa, Tonga, Cook Islands (automatically NZ citizens), Fiji Maori Asian migrants coming to Australia via New Zealand (Chinese, Vietnamese, Cambodians and other Southeast Asians) Special Categoryvisas (444)

29 Pacific Islanders/New Zealanders 461 visa (5 years) for relatives of 444 visa holders who are not NZ citizens. (e.g. nephew/cousin from Samoa arrives to join Aunt or Brother in Oz who is NZ citizen Children born in Oz Sept 1994 Feb 2001 automatically Australian citizens Born after 2001, to parents who arrived after 2001 do not get citizenship until 10 th birthday (10 years residency) 1% of population in Southeast speak a Pacific Island language (2006 census)

30 Pacific Islanders/New Zealanders Parents mostly skilled trades or semi skilled factory work (low incomes) Often not permanent residents no centrelink benefits NZ 444 visa holders get no Centrelink benefits No youth allowance Permanent residency application costs around $3000.

31 Non English Speaking Background % of suburbs b CGD 2006 census Dandenong 61.30% Dandenong North 46.89% Dandenong South 63.34% Noble Park 55.60% Keysborough 49.93% Springvale 63.07% Springvale South 56.75% Bangholme 16.97% Lyndhurst (part) 19.64% This information is adapted from Southern Migrant Refugee Centre s website

32 Non English Speaking Background % of suburbs b Casey Narre Warren 27.62% Narre Warren North 23.76% Narre Warren South 26.13% Berwick 16.80% Endeavour Hills 45.51% Doveton 41.24% Hallam 45.58% Hampton Park 41.72% Cranbourne 16.69% Cranbourne North 17.18% Cranbourne West 20.57% This information is adapted from Southern Migrant Refugee Centre s website

33 Non English Speaking Background % of suburbs b Cardinia Pakenham 11.38% Beaconsfield 11.64% Officer 10.52% Emerald 10.82% Gembrook % Koo Wee Rup 12.71% This information is adapted from Southern Migrant Refugee Centre s website

34 Surrounding Areas City of Monash 34% of the population are non English speaking background migrants City of Kingston 20% City of Frankston 9% Shire of Mornington Peninsula 6% City of Knox 17% Shire of Yarra Ranges 7% Shire of Bass Coast 5% This information is adapted from Southern Migrant Refugee Centre s website

35 Migrants from NESB, 2006 census CGD = 69,016 (71, 179 Census 2001) 3.13% Casey = 62,052 (44,619 Census 2001) % Cardinia = 6,727 (2, 937 Census 2001) % TOTAL = 137,795 (118,735 Census 2001) % CGD had a net decrease between This information is adapted from Southern Migrant Refugee Centre s website

36 Top 10 Migrant groups CGD Casey Cardinia Vietnam Sri Lanka Netherlands Cambodia India Germany Sri Lanka Mauritius Italy India Philippines South Africa China Afghanistan Sri Lanka Italy Italy India Bosnia Herz Netherlands Croatia Greece China Philippines Afghanistan South Africa Mauritius Sudan Poland SE Europe This information is adapted from Southern Migrant Refugee Centre s website

37 Top 10 Languages CGD Casey Cardinia Vietnamese Sinhalese Italian Khmer Spanish Dutch Cantonese Italian German Greek Arabic Croatian Italian Serbian Greek Arabic Greek Spanish Serbian Mandarin French Mandarin Hindi Polish Spanish French Romanian Sinhalese Dari Hungarian This information is adapted from Southern Migrant Refugee Centre s website