Migrant Health Survey

Transcription

1 Migrant Health Survey October 1996 February 1997 Conducted for The Migrant Health Service SA Health Commission Anne Taylor Eleonora Dal Grande Jacci Parsons Peter Kunst Yixia Zhang SERCIS Behavioural Epidemiology Unit Epidemiology Branch SAHC

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3 National Library of Australia cataloguing-in-publication Migrant Health Survey October February ISBN Public health - South Australia - Evaluation. 2. Medical care - South Australia - Evaluation. 3. Immigrants - Health and hygiene - South Australia - Evaluation. 4. Immigrants - Medical care - South Australia. 5. Immigrants - Services for - South Australia. 6. South Australian Health Commission. Migrant Health Service - Evaluation. I. Taylor, Anne, II. South Australian Health Commission. Migrant Health Service. III. Social Environmental Risk Context Information System +. I. South Australian Health Commission. Behavioural Epidemiology Unit

4 TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 7 1. BACKGROUND AND METHODOLOGY BACKGROUND SURVEY OBJECTIVES SURVEY DESIGN Sample Selection Introductory letter Questions Pilot testing DATA COLLECTION CATI Call backs Validation Response rate Stage Stage Stage Control group selection DATA PROCESSING Analysis Weighting DATA INTERPRETATION Estimates Unadjusted Estimates Adjusted Country of Birth Estimate (Adjusted for age and sex) Additional interpretation concerns DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS OF RESPONDENTS DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS OF PEOPLE BORN IN ALL NON-ENGLISH SPEAKING COUNTRIES COMBINED DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF RESPONDENTS BORN IN ITALY DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF PEOPLE BORN IN GREECE DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF PEOPLE BORN IN FORMER YUGOSLAVIA DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF PEOPLE BORN IN GERMANY DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF PEOPLE BORN IN THE NETHERLANDS DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF PEOPLE BORN IN OTHER WESTERN/NORTHERN EUROPEAN COUNTRIE DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF PEOPLE BORN IN POLAND DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF PEOPLE BORN IN USSR AND BALTIC STATES 102 3

5 2.10 DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF PEOPLE BORN IN OTHER EASTERN EUROPEAN COUNTRIES DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF PEOPLE BORN IN THE MIDDLE EAST DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF PEOPLE BORN IN MALAYSIA DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF PEOPLE BORN IN VIETNAM AND CAMBODIA DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF PEOPLE BORN IN THE PHILIPPINES DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF PEOPLE BORN IN INDIA, SRI LANKA OR BANGLADESH DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF PEOPLE BORN IN CHINA AND HONG KONG DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF PEOPLE BORN IN OTHER COUNTRIES HEALTH STATUS OF RESPONDENTS OVERALL HEALTH STATUS Fair or poor overall health status Good, very good or excellent overall health status DISEASE SPECIFIC Diabetes A hearing loss Osteoporosis Arthritis Asthma Heart attack / angina Stroke Cervical cancer Breast cancer Prostate cancer GENERAL HEALTH QUESTIONNAIRE (GHQ) Non-English speaking people with moderate to severe disturbance Non-English speaking people with severe disturbance SOCIAL INDICATIONS (SOCIAL HEALTH BATTERY) Social (friends) Number of neighbourhood acquaintances Home visits by friends Visits to homes of friends Social (friends/relatives) Number of close friends and relatives Visits with friends and relatives Telephone contacts Letter writing to friends and relatives Community Attendance at religious services Voluntary group membership Activity in groups Subjective Getting along with others HEALTH SERVICE USE IN THE PREVIOUS TWELVE MONTHS USE OF GENERAL PRACTITIONERS 253 4

6 4.2 USE OF DENTISTS USE OF OPTOMETRIST USE OF CHEMIST FOR ADVICE USE OF SPECIALIST DOCTORS (NOT IN A HOSPITAL) USE OF PHYSIOTHERAPIST USE OF HOSPITAL CLINIC USE OF HOSPITAL AS AN INPATIENT USE OF CHIROPRACTOR USE OF HOSPITAL ACCIDENT AND EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT USE OF DAY SURGERY USE OF PODIATRIST USE OF COMMUNITY HEALTH CENTRES USE OF ALTERNATIVE THERAPIST USE OF 24 HOUR CLINIC USE OF AMBULANCE USE OF ACUPUNCTURIST USE OF HERBALIST USE OF DISTRICT OR OTHER COMMUNITY NURSE USE OF COMMUNITY MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES USE OF RESPITE CARE PEOPLE WHO DID NOT USE ANY HEALTH SERVICE RISK FACTORS ALCOHOL RISK No Alcohol Risk Drinkers Low Alcohol Risk High Alcohol Risk Exercise Walking for Exercise Moderate Exercise Levels Vigorous Exercise Levels No Exercise Undertaken SMOKING STATUS BODY MASS INDEX (BMI) Overweight or Obese Obese MULTIPLE RISK FACTORS 322 5

7 5.6 INJURY Injury in Previous Two Years Most recent injury at work Treatment sought for injury Days lost from work, school or home duties as a result of most recent injury Additional information about injuries EXPERIENCES WITH THE AUSTRALIAN HEALTH SYSTEM EXPERIENCES WITH AUSTRALIAN HEALTH SYSTEM Very good or good experiences with the Australian health system Reasons for good or very good experiences with the Australian health system Poor or very poor experiences with the Australian health system Reasons for poor or very poor experiences with the Australian health system SERVICES USED AT THE MIGRANT HEALTH SERVICES People who had never used the Migrant Health Services People who did not know the Migrant Health Services existed EXPERIENCES WITH SETTLING IN AUSTRALIA Very good or good experiences with settling in Australia Poor or very poor experiences with settling in Australia Reasons for good or very good experiences with settling in Australia Reasons for poor or very poor experiences with settling in Australia 356 APPENDIX 1: SERCIS STEERING COMMITTEE MEMBERS 359 APPENDIX 2: AREAS OF ADELAIDE COVERED BY EACH OF THE HEALTH SERVICES PLANNING AREA 361 APPENDIX 3: AREAS OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA COUNTRY REGIONS COVERED BY THE COUNTRY HEALTH SERVICES PLANNING AREA 365 APPENDIX 4: EASTERN HEALTH REGION OF ADELAIDE 369 APPENDIX 5: LETTER INTRODUCING THE SURVEY 371 APPENDIX 6: MIGRANT QUESTIONNAIRE 373 APPENDIX 7: INTRODUCTION TO THE QUESTIONNAIRE 385 6

8 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

9 Executive summary This report is the result of a major community survey of people from non-english speaking (NES) countries who live in South Australia. The survey comprised a representative population sample of NES adults together with a comparison group of migrants from the United Kingdom and Ireland. The data contained in the report is a major Australian advance in our understanding of the health status, health service use, major health risk factors, experiences with Australian health services and experiences following settlement in Australia of people from NES countries. As such, the data will provide a rich source of information for the further development of policies and services to the diverse peoples who are a part of the Australian community. In analysing and reporting the data, the following summary observations were observed: Many demographic differences were observed between NES groups and these will have a direct effect on health status or health outcomes following illness, and the ability of people to benefit from health services and programs designed for the Australian community as a whole. Overall, NES people report poorer health status than migrants from the United Kingdom or Ireland. Overall, 22% of NES people indicated their health status was less than good with the highest percentages being found among people from Vietnam and Cambodia. The proportions of people reporting diabetes were similar for NES and United Kingdom/Irish migrants. Within the NES community, a significantly higher proportion of people from Poland reported having diabetes. A lower proportion of NES people reported a hearing problem compared with people from the United Kingdom or Ireland. The proportion of NES people reporting cervical cancer was lower than people from the United Kingdom or Ireland. In terms of their mental health, a higher proportion of people from NES countries report a moderate/severe disturbance as measured by the General Health Questionnaire. Within the NES community, the highest proportions were found among people from Poland and the Philippines. 8

10 Executive summary People from NES countries were significantly less likely to use the services of a chemist, hospital clinic, hospital emergency or community health centre. In comparisons between NES migrants and migrants from the United Kingdom or Ireland on four major risk factors, NES migrants were significantly less likely to consume alcohol at risk levels and to engage in exercise. NES migrants were significantly less likely than migrants from the United Kingdom or Ireland to have suffered a personal injury that was bad enough to interfere with daily activities. There were no significant differences in the occurrence of work related injuries between the migrant groups in the previous two years. Overall, 71% of NES migrants reported good or very good experiences with the Australian health system. They were, however, significantly less likely than people from the United Kingdom or Ireland to report good or very good experiences. Within the NES community, 24% of people did not know of the Migrant Health Services. These people were significantly more likely to come from Italy, Greece and Cyprus, India Sri Lanka or Bangladesh. The data collected in this health survey will allow the Migrant Health Services of the South Australian Health Commission to target migrant health issues and groups more effectively in the future. 9

11 Executive summary 10

12 1. BACKGROUND AND METHODOLOGY

13 Background and Methodology BACKGROUND AND METHODOLOGY 1.1 BACKGROUND SERCIS (Social, Environmental and Risk Context Information System) is a telephone monitoring system designed to provide high quality health data on large samples of the South Australian population. It is particularly applicable for surveys where planning information is required on health problems, use of health services and consumer perspectives. Some of the issues examined to date in SERCIS surveys include: reported information on health status including quality of life; health activities and behaviours; the context of health problems; use of health services; and, satisfaction with services. SERCIS is a flexible system and can be used not only in direct self-report surveys, but also in recruiting for postal or other surveys requiring more detailed or complex information than can be obtained in telephone surveys (such as clinical information). The advantage of obtaining large samples lies in the opportunity to describe health problems and compare the health status and activities of different groups of people, either crosssectionally or over time. Large samples are important for the planning and development of health services on specific issues and SERCIS provides the opportunity to obtain population data regarding these issues. This survey was conducted for The Migrant Health Service, a Division of the South Australian Health Commission, to obtain data that will contribute to health planning within the Service. The development of the questionnaire was done in conjunction with personnel from The Migrant Health Service and SERCIS staff. Some of the issues explored in this survey have been previously surveyed in other SERCIS surveys [1,2,3,4]. SERCIS is managed within the Behavioural Epidemiology Unit and overseen by a Steering Committee. This committee comprises health professionals with health planning, epidemiological and survey method experience. Members of this committee are listed in Appendix 1. 12

14 Background and Methodology 1.2 SURVEY OBJECTIVES The objectives of The Migrant Health Services survey were as follows: To survey people in South Australia, aged 18 years or older, who were born in countries where English is not the main language spoken, and to describe : health status; risk factors for ill-health; patterns of health service use; prevalence of particular diseases; and, experiences with the Australian health system. 1.3 SURVEY DESIGN Sample Selection The sample selected for this survey was undertaken in three stages. Stage 1 In five SERCIS surveys undertaken in 1996, country of birth was asked of all respondents. Each respondent was also asked if they would be willing to be re-contacted by the South Australian Health Commission to answer further questions. Table 1.1 shows for each survey, the total number of people originally interviewed, the total number of people from non-english speaking countries (NES) and the proportion of respondents who indicated they were willing to be re-interviewed. 13

15 Background and Methodology Table 1.1: Previous SERCIS surveys n NES Country % NES Country Permission to be reinterviewed % reinterviewed Southern Adelaide Western Adelaide Northern Adelaide Country SA Whole of State Overall A slightly different sampling methodology was used for each of the surveys listed in Table 1.1. For the surveys conducted in the south, west and north of Adelaide, the survey used a multistage sampling methodology. First, telephone numbers were selected from the electronic white pages (EWP) telephone listings of postcodes that comprised each of the Health Planning Areas. Telephone numbers that overlapped with Local Government Areas (LGAs) outside the region were not considered eligible for the survey and were rejected from the list. Telephone numbers were then randomly selected from this regional list. Appendix 2 shows the areas of Adelaide covered by each of the Health Services Planning Units; the population of the areas; and the relevant postcodes and LGAs. For the survey undertaken in Country SA, the seven country health regions formed the survey strata and telephone numbers were selected from each of the regional EWP listings. Regions with small populations were over sampled to provide adequate power in the analyses of data. Appendix 3 shows the areas covered by each of the country regions; the population of the regions; and the relevant postcodes and LGAs. Finally, in the survey undertaken in the whole of SA, all households in SA with a telephone connected were eligible for selection in the sample. Telephone numbers were randomly selected from the Adelaide and country regions EWP telephone listings. For all five surveys, the person who had their birthday last, and was 18 years or older, was selected for interview. Initially, only one interview was conducted per household. There was no replacement for non-contactable persons. Respondents were asked if they would 14

16 Background and Methodology be willing to be re-contacted by the SAHC at a later date, if the need arose. Overall 92.5% of respondents who were born in a NES country indicated their willingness. Each of the respondents in these five surveys who indicated they were born in NES countries and were willing to be re-interviewed were re-contacted. In addition, all other members of the household who were born in a NES country and aged 18 years of age or older were interviewed. Stage 2 The Eastern Health Region of Adelaide had not been surveyed in the previous 12 months using SERCIS methodology. To ensure the representative of the NES migrant survey, a sample of 2300 was drawn from in the Eastern suburbs of Adelaide. Sample methodology was the same as the other metropolitan surveys. Appendix 4 shows the areas of east Adelaide covered; the population of the area; and the relevant postcodes and LGAs. Initially, the person answering the telephone, if born in a NES country, was interviewed. In addition, other members of the household who were born in a NES country were interviewed. If household members were not born in a NES country interviews were not conducted. Stage 3 To increase the sample size, a joint state-wide survey incorporating The Migrant Health Service and the Disability Services Office of the SAHC was undertaken. Initially a sample of was selected. All households in SA with a telephone connected were eligible for selection in the sample. Telephone numbers were randomly selected from the Adelaide and country regions EWP telephone listings. Initially, the person answering the telephone, if born in a NES country, was asked the relevant NES questions. In addition, other members of the household who were born in a NES country were interviewed if aged 18 years or older. 15

17 Background and Methodology Introductory letter A letter introducing the health survey was sent to the household of each selected telephone number (Appendix 5). This informed people of the purpose of the survey and indicated that they could expect to be contacted by telephone within the time frame of the survey. 73.3% of respondents reported receiving the letter Questions Where possible, questions previously included in other surveys were used. In the development of this survey, it was possible to include questions that had been used in the South Australian Health Omnibus Surveys [5], or in the previously conducted SERCIS surveys, and had, therefore, indicated their reliability. An interview time of 15 minutes per interview was considered suitable so as not to over burden respondents. The health issues covered in this survey are listed in Table 1.2. Table 1.2: Issues covered in survey Area covered Number of questions Overall health status 1 General Health Questionnaire (GHQ12) 12 Health services used 21 Social health battery 11 Risk factors alcohol consumption 2 BMI (Body Mass Index) 2 exercise levels 3 smoking 2 injury 6 Disease specific 10 Experience with Australian health services 4 Experience with settling in Australia 3 16

18 Background and Methodology In addition, 22 demographic questions were asked including mother s and father s country of birth, main (and second) language spoken at home, and current and previous (before migration) occupation. Respondents were also asked if they would be willing to be contacted at a later date to clarify any issues of importance (95.8% responded affirmatively). The full list of questions asked in this survey is contained in Appendix Pilot testing Before the conduct of the main survey, the questionnaire was pilot tested (n = 50). The original questionnaire was amended slightly on the basis of the information obtained. 1.4 DATA COLLECTION Data collection was undertaken by the contracted agency, Harrison Health Research, in September (Stage 1 and 2), and November 1996 to February 1997 (Stage 3). Pilot testing took place on Thursday 5 and Friday 6 September Stage 1 of the survey then commenced on Thursday 12 September. Stage 2 commenced on Wednesday 18 September. Stage 3 commenced on November 18 and concluded on Friday 7 February, Telephone calls were made between am and 9.00 pm, seven days a week. Professional interviewers conducted the interviews and were supervised by Harrison Health Research and SERCIS personnel. Disposition codes were supplied to SERCIS staff daily, or as required, to ensure careful monitoring of survey activities. On contacting the household, the interviewer initially identified themselves and the purpose of the survey. The introductory procedure is included as Appendix 7. If required, appointments were made to conduct the interview in English, Italian, Greek, Vietnamese, Spanish, Polish, Chinese, Croatian, Hungarian, Cambodian, Bosnian, Serbian, Cantonese, Mandarin or Persian. Trained telephone interpreters were employed from The Interpreting and Translating Centre. These interviewers underwent training before commencement of the interviews. 17

19 Background and Methodology CATI The CATI III (Computer Assisted Telephone Interview) system was used to conduct the interviews. This system allows immediate entry of data from the interviewer s questionnaire screen to the computer database. The main advantages of this system are the precise ordering and timing of call backs and correct sequencing of questions as specific answers are given. The CATI system enforces a range of checks on each response with most questions having a set of pre-determined response categories. In addition, CATI automatically rotates response categories, when required, to minimise bias. When openended responses were required, these were transcribed exactly by the interviewer Call backs At least five call-backs were made to the telephone number selected to interview household members. Different times of the day or evening were scheduled for each call-back. If a person could not be interviewed immediately they were re-scheduled for interview at a time suitable to them. Where a refusal was encountered, another interviewer generally (at the discretion of the supervisor) called later, in an endeavour to obtain the interview(s). Replacement interviews for persons who could not be contacted or interviewed were not permitted Validation 10% of each interviewer s work was selected at random for validation by the supervisor. In addition, Harrison Health Research is a member of Interviewer Quality Control Australia (IQCA), a national quality control assurance initiative of the Market Research Society of Australia. Accredited organisations must strictly adhere to rigorous quality assurance requirements and are subject to regular audits by IQCA auditors. 18

20 Background and Methodology Response rate Stage 1 The response rate for Stage 1 was 84.3%. From the 932 NES respondents recruited from previous SERCIS surveys, contact was established with 720 households. Sample loss of 78 occurred due to disconnected numbers (69) (respondents who had possibly moved since the original contact) and fax/modem connections (9). From the eligible sample of 854, the response rate was calculated as shown in Table 1.3. Table 1.3: Response Rate - Stage 1 n % Initial eligible sample Refusals Non-contact after 5 attempts Households contacted From the total number of households contacted (n = 720), 970 interviews were conducted. Table 1.4 shows the number of interviews conducted per household. Table 1.4: Number of interviews conducted within each household - Stage 1 Number of NES people in each household Interviews conducted % Single person NES household Two person NES household Three person NES household Four person NES household Total

21 Background and Methodology Overall, 9.5% of people required an interpreter. Table 1.5 shows the languages required. Table 1.5: Interviews undertaken by an interpreter - Stage 1 Language n % Italian Greek Vietnamese Polish Croatian Cantonese Serbian Bosnian Chinese Mandarin Spanish Total Stage 2 The sample response rate for the Eastern suburbs component was 73.9%. Initially a sample of 2300 was drawn. Sample loss of 430 occurred due to non-connected numbers (193), non-residential numbers (49), and fax/modem connections (31). From the eligible sample of 2035, the response rate was calculated as shown in Table 1.6. Table 1.6: Response Rate - Stage 2 n % Initial eligible sample Refusals Non-contact after 5 attempts Incapacitated and unable to be interviewed Terminated interviews Households contacted

22 Background and Methodology From the total number of eastern suburbs households contacted (n = 1504), 249 (16.6%) contained people from a NES country and 335 interviews were conducted. Table 1.7 shows the number of NES interviews conducted per household. Table 1.7: Number of interviews conducted within each household - Stage 2 Number of NES people in each household Interviews conducted % Single person NES household Two person NES household Three person NES household Four person NES household Five person NES household Total Overall, 13.7% of people required an interpreter. Table 1.8 shows the languages required. Table 1.8: Interviews undertaken by an interpreter - Stage 2 Language n % Italian Greek Serbian Vietnamese Cantonese Total

23 Background and Methodology Stage 3 The sample response rate for Stage 3 was 76.0%. Initially a sample of was drawn. Sample loss of 2027 occurred due to non-connected numbers (1405), non-residential numbers (470), and fax/modem connections (152). From the eligible sample of 15973, the response rate was calculated as shown in Table 1.9. Table 1.9: Response Rate - Stage 3 n % Initial eligible sample Refusals Non-contact after 5 attempts Respondent unable to speak selected languages Incapacitated and unable to be interviewed Terminated interviews Households contacted Of the total number of households contacted (n = 12132), 1555 (12.8%) contained people from a NES country and 2049 interviews were conducted. Table 1.10 shows the number of interviews conducted per household. Table 1.10: Number of interviews conducted within each household - Stage 3 Number of NES people in each household Interviews conducted % Single person NES household Two person NES household Three person NES household Four person NES household Five person NES household Total

24 Background and Methodology Overall, 6.6% of people required an interpreter. Table 1.5 shows the languages required. Table 1.11: Interviews undertaken by an interpreter - Stage 3 Language n % Greek Italian Croatian Vietnamese Polish Cantonese Mandarin Chinese Spanish Iranian Serbian Hungarian Cambodian Total Control group selection For comparison purposes, 500 extra interviews were conducted with people born in the United Kingdom or Ireland. These people were selected in Stage 3 and were the first 500 people born in the United Kingdom or Ireland interviewed. 1.5 DATA PROCESSING Analysis Raw data from the CATI system was imported into SPSS for Windows format. Data were then analysed using SPSS Version 7.5. To determine any statistically significant differences between specific countries (or areas) of birth and the NES people as a whole, logistic regression modelling was undertaken adjusting for age and sex. If the addition of country of birth to the model produced a statistically significant improvement, at least one of the countries was reported as being statistically significantly different from the NES average. Occasionally, the addition of a country of birth did not produce a statistically significant improvement to the model but an individual country 23

25 Background and Methodology did show a statistically significant difference from the NES average. In these cases the country of birth is reported but caution is expressed in the interpretation of the results. The conventional five per cent level of statistical significance was used to determine statistically significant differences Weighting The data were weighted by age and gender to the NES population for South Australia, as obtained from the Australian Bureau of Statistics Census Population for 1991 (ABS Matrix Software, Catalogue No ), so that the estimates provided would be representative of the South Australian NES migrant population. 1.6 DATA INTERPRETATION Estimates In this report, two sets of figures have been produced: Country of birth estimates (Unadjusted) Adjusted country of birth estimates (Adjusted for age and sex) Unadjusted Estimates The weighted data were used when estimates for each country of birth (unadjusted) are reported. Care should be exercised when comparisons are made between country of birth groups on the basis of the unadjusted estimate Adjusted Country of Birth Estimate (Adjusted for age and sex) Each country of birth may have different age and sex profiles, and, as many health issues can be determined by age, or are sex specific, these variables should be accounted for before comparisons are made. If, for example, immigrants from a particular country of birth have a high prevalence of diabetes, the unadjusted country of birth estimate will tell us this. If, however, we wish to compare this diabetes prevalence estimate with other NES countries, it is first necessary to adjust the estimate by age and sex, to account for the fact that any 24

26 Background and Methodology differences observed are not simply due to demographic differences (eg. a higher proportion of older people from one country of birth where the higher estimate is seen). If the prevalence of diabetes remains high after adjusting for age and sex, it suggests that the prevalence of diabetes is higher than expected and may require additional attention and intervention. Statistically significant differences are reported for this adjusted figure only Additional interpretation concerns The data were analysed by 15 major countries of birth. Although the term country of birth is used throughout this report, in many instances country of birth refers to area of birth. For example, people born in Sri Lanka and Bangladesh were included with people born in India. In this report each country of birth has been compared with the NES migrants as a whole. Some of the estimates in this report do appear higher or lower than the estimate for NES as a whole, but did not achieve statistical significance. They cannot therefore be regarded as different, but may require further attention in terms of monitoring the trend or more detailed surveys. It should also be pointed out that some differences in this report may be real but have not achieved statistical significance. This may be due to the fact that sample sizes for that issue were not large enough to detect a significant difference. In the charts and tables all statistically significant differences are clearly highlighted. Although significant differences were reported after adjustment for age and sex, other variables may also account for differences observed. In drawing conclusions from the data for planning purposes, it may be necessary to conduct multi-variate analyses to identify the best combination of variables that explain the health issue of interest. 25

27 Background and Methodology 26

28 2. DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS OF RESPONDENTS

29 Demographic characteristics 2.1 DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS OF PEOPLE BORN IN ALL NON-ENGLISH SPEAKING COUNTRIES COMBINED Table 2.1 and Chart 2.1 show the age and sex composition, household living arrangements, marital status and country of birth of people born in all non-english speaking countries combined. Table 2.1: Demographic profile of people born in all non-english speaking countries combined - gender, age, household size, number of bedrooms and marital status Variable Response Categories % of Respondents n = 3354 Gender Males 51.0 Females 49.0 Age groups (years) yrs yrs yrs yrs yrs yrs yrs 5.1 Household size 1 adult 12.6 (18 years and over) 2 adults adults adults or more 14.1 Number of Bedrooms One 1.9 Two 14.8 Three 51.8 Four or more 20.4 Unknown 11.1 Marital Status Single 14.9 Married or Defacto 73.3 Separated or Divorced 5.8 Widowed 6.0 Total

30 Demographic characteristics Chart 2.1: Demographic profile of people born in all non-english speaking countries - gender, age, household size, number of bedrooms and marital status GENDER Male Female AGE yrs yrs yrs yrs yrs yrs 75+ yrs HOUSEHOLD SIZE 1 adult 2 adults 3 adults 4 adults or more NUMBER OF BEDROOMS One Two Three Four or more Not stated MARITAL STATUS Single Married or Defacto Separated or Divorced Widowed Percentage 29

31 Demographic characteristics Table 2.2 and Chart 2.2 show the country of birth of people born in all non-english speaking countries combined. Table 2.2: Demographic profile of people born in all non-english speaking countries combined - country of birth Variable Response Categories % of Respondents n = 3354 Country of birth Italy 20.4 Greece 10.7 Former Yugoslavia 6.3 Germany 9.9 Netherlands 6.9 Other Western/Northern Europe 4.0 Poland 5.5 USSR & Baltic States 3.7 Other Eastern Europe 3.4 Middle East 1.9 Malaysia 2.6 Vietnam and Cambodia 6.8 Philippines 1.9 India 2.6 China and Hong Kong 2.8 Other Countries 10.6 Total

32 Demographic characteristics Chart 2.2: Demographic profile of people born in all non-english speaking countries - country of birth COUNTRY OF BIRTH Italy Greece, Cyprus Former Yugoslavia Germany Netherlands Other Western/Northern European Countries Poland Other Eastern European countries USSR & Baltic States Middle East India, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh Malaysia Vietnam, Cambodia Philippines China/Hong Kong Other Countries Percentage 31

33 Demographic characteristics Table 2.3 and Chart 2.3 show the variables that describe area of residence, annual household income level, highest educational level obtained, work status and pension status for people born in all non-english speaking countries combined. The respondents whose work status was unemployed, home duties, retired, student or other were also asked if they receive a pension or benefit from the department of social security. The other category of work status generally relates to people on disability pensions, WorkCover, or sickness benefits. Table 2.3: Demographic profile of people born in all non-english speaking countries combined - area of residence, annual household income, highest educational level obtained, work status, and pension status Variable Response Categories % of Respondents n = 3354 Area Metropolitan 88.6 Country 11.4 Income Less than $12000 per annum 14.1 $12001-$20000 per annum 19.4 $20001-$30000 per annum 13.0 $30001-$40000 per annum 9.9 $40001-$50000 per annum 9.3 $50001-$60000 per annum 6.1 $60001-$80000 per annum 6.9 More than $80001 per annum 4.6 Don t know 16.5 Highest Education Still at school 0.6 Level Obtained Left school before aged 15 years 27.0 Left school after 15 years of age 21.8 Left school after age 15 but still studying 4.4 Trade/Apprenticeship 14.9 Certificate/Diploma of 1 year or less 4.9 Certificate/Diploma of more than 1 year 9.9 Degree or higher 16.5 Work Status Full time employed 33.5 Part time employed 14.5 Unemployed 11.4 Home Duties 9.3 Retired 22.0 Student 6.0 Other 3.4 % of NES who do not work full or part time n = 1946 Receive a Pension Yes 71.3 No 28.4 Don t know 0.3 Total

34 Demographic characteristics Chart 2.3: Demographic profile of people born in all non-english speaking countries - area of residence, annual household income, highest educational level obtained, work status and pension status AREA OF RESIDENCE Metropolitan Adelaide SA Country HOUSEHOLD INCOME Less than $12,000 $12,001 to $20,000 $20,001 to $30,000 $30,001 to $40,000 $40,001 to $50,000 $50,001 to $60,000 $60,001 to $80,000 $80,001 or more Don't know EDUCATIONAL LEVEL Still at school Left school < 15 yrs Left school 15> yrs Left school 15>, still studying Trade/Apprenticeship Certifte/Diploma < 1 yr Certifte/Diploma 1> yr Degree or higher WORK STATUS Full time employed Part time employed Unemployed Home Duties Retired Student Other RECEIVING PENSION Yes No Don't know Percentage 33

35 Demographic characteristics Table 2.4 and Chart 2.4 show the usual occupation, previous occupation, Australian citizenship and permanent resident status of people born in all non-english speaking countries combined. Table 2.4: Demographic profile of people born in all non-english speaking countries combined - usual occupation, previous occupation, Australian citizenship and permanent residence status Variable Response Categories % of Respondents Usual Occupation Manager or Administrator 9.2 n = 1610 Professional 18.7 (full or part time workers Para-professional 7.1 only) Trades person 18.6 Clerk 9.2 Sales person 14.2 Plant or machine operator 5.9 Labourer or related worker 16.8 Other 0.5 Previous Occupation Manager or administrator 1.2 before migration to Professional 7.0 Australia Para-professional 3.4 n = 3354 Trades person 11.9 Clerk 3.9 Sales person 3.9 Plant or machine operator 2.3 Labourer or related worker 12.1 Other 0.4 Too young to work 31.3 Unemployed 0.9 Home Duties 6.1 Retired 0.2 Student 15.2 Australian Citizen Yes 83.6 n = 3354 No 16.4 Permanent Resident Yes 85.6 n = 549 No 13.8 (not an Australian Citizen) Don t know 0.7 Total

36 Demographic characteristics Chart 2.4: Demographic profile of people born in all non-english speaking countries - usual occupation, previous occupation, Australian citizenship and permanent resident status USUAL OCCUPATION Manager or Administrator Professional Para-professional Trades person Clerk Sales person Plant or machine operator Labourer or related worker Other PREVIOUS OCCUPATION Manager or administrator Professional Para-professional Trades person Clerk Sales Person Plant or machine operator Labourer Other Too young to work Unemployed Home Duties Retired Student AUSTRALIAN CITIZEN Yes No PERMANENT RESIDENT Yes No Don t know Percentage 35

37 Demographic characteristics Table 2.5 and Chart 2.5 show how well English is spoken and the first language spoken at home, for people born in all non-english speaking countries combined. Table 2.5: Demographic profile of people born in all non-english speaking countries combined - how well English is spoken and first language spoken at home Variable Response Categories % of Respondents n = 3354 How well English is Very well 54.4 Spoken Well 29.3 Not well 15.3 Not at all 1.0 First language spoken English 55.5 at home Italian 9.5 Greek 6.7 Vietnamese 4.1 Polish 3.9 Chinese 3.1 Croatian 2.0 German 1.9 Cantonese 1.2 Serbian 1.1 Spanish 1.0 Other 10.1 Total

38 Demographic characteristics Chart 2.5 Demographic profile of people born in all non-english speaking countries - how well English is spoken and first language spoken at home HOW WELL ENGLISH IS SPOKEN Very well Well Not well Not at all FIRST LANGUAGE English Italian Greek Vietnamese Polish Chinese German Croatian Serbian Spanish Other Percentage 37

39 Demographic characteristics Table 2.6 and Chart 2.6 show the second language spoken at home for people born in all non-english speaking countries combined. Table 2.6: Demographic profile of people born in all non-english speaking countries combined - second language spoken at home Variable Response Categories % of Respondents n = 3354 Second language None 32.0 spoken at home English 34.0 Italian 9.4 German 5.5 Greek 3.2 Dutch 2.2 Chinese 1.8 Polish 1.6 Croatian 1.0 Spanish 0.8 Hungarian 0.6 Tangalog 0.6 French 0.5 Vietnamese 0.5 Other 6.4 Total

40 Demographic characteristics Chart 2.6 Demographic profile of people born in all non-english speaking countries - second language spoken at home SECOND LANGUAGE None English Italian German Greek Dutch Chinese Polish Croatian Spanish Tagalog (Filipino) Hungarian Vietnamese French Other Percentage 39

41 Demographic characteristics 2.2 DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF RESPONDENTS BORN IN ITALY Table 2.7 and Chart 2.7 show the age and sex composition, household living arrangements, and marital status of people born in Italy Table 2.7: Demographic profile of people born in Italy - gender, age, household size, number of bedrooms and marital status Variable Response Categories % of Respondents n = 684 Gender Males 53.0 Females 47.0 Age groups (years) yrs yrs yrs yrs yrs yrs yrs 4.3 Household size 1 adult 9.2 (18 years and over) 2 adults adults adults or more 18.6 Number of Bedrooms One 0.6 Two 9.4 Three 56.8 Four or more 18.9 Unknown 14.3 Marital Status Single 6.0 Married or Defacto 83.7 Separated or Divorced 4.5 Widowed 5.7 Total

42 Demographic characteristics Chart 2.7: Demographic profile of people born in Italy - gender, age, household size, number of bedrooms and marital status GENDER Male Female AGE yrs yrs yrs yrs yrs yrs 75+ yrs HOUSEHOLD SIZE 1 adult 2 adults 3 adults 4 adults or more NUMBER OF BEDROOMS One Two Three Four or more Not stated MARITAL STATUS Single Married or Defacto Separated or Divorced Widowed Percentage 41

43 Demographic characteristics Table 2.8 and Chart 2.8 show the variables that describe area of residence, annual household income level, highest educational level obtained, work status and pension status for people born in Italy. The respondents whose work status was unemployed, home duties, retired, student or other were asked if they receive a pension or benefit from the department of social security. The other category of work status generally relates to people on disability pensions, WorkCover, or sickness benefits. Table 2.8: Demographic profile of people born in Italy - area of residence, annual household income, highest educational level obtained, work status, and pension status Variable Response Categories % of Respondents n = 684 Area Metropolitan 92.7 Country 7.3 Income Less than $12000 per annum 14.3 $12001-$20000 per annum 15.6 $20001-$30000 per annum 11.5 $30001-$40000 per annum 12.4 $40001-$50000 per annum 8.1 $50001-$60000 per annum 7.1 $60001-$80000 per annum 6.0 More than $80001 per annum 3.8 Don t know 21.3 Highest Education Still at school 0.2 Level Obtained Left school before aged 15 years 48.1 Left school after 15 years of age 19.3 Left school after age 15 but still studying 0.9 Trade/Apprenticeship 19.1 Certificate/Diploma of 1 year or less 4.4 Certificate/Diploma of more than 1 year 4.6 Degree or higher 3.5 Work Status Full time employed 37.5 Part time employed 13.9 Unemployed 13.9 Home Duties 6.3 Retired 23.7 Student 0.7 Other 4.1 % of people born in Italy who do not work full or part time n = 333 Receive a Pension Yes 78.1 No 21.9 Don t know - Total

44 Demographic characteristics Chart 2.8 Demographic profile of people born in Italy - area of residence, annual household income, highest education level obtained, work status and pension status AREA OF RESIDENCE Metropolitan Adelaide SA Country HOUSEHOLD INCOME Less than $12,000 $12,001 to $20,000 $20,001 to $30,000 $30,001 to $40,000 $40,001 to $50,000 $50,001 to $60,000 $60,001 to $80,000 $80,001 or more Don't know EDUCATIONAL LEVEL Still at school Left school < 15 yrs Left school 15> yrs Left school 15> yrs, still studying Trade/Apprenticeship Certifte/Diploma < 1 yr Certifte/Diploma 1> yr Degree or higher WORK STATUS Full time employed Part time employed Unemployed Home Duties Retired Student Other PENSION OR BENEFIT Yes No Don't know Percentage 43

45 Demographic characteristics Table 2.9 and Chart 2.9 show the usual occupation, previous occupation, Australian citizenship and permanent resident status of people born in Italy. Table 2.9: Demographic profile of people born in Italy - usual occupation, previous occupation, Australian citizenship and permanent residence status Variable Response Categories % of Respondents Usual Occupation Manager or Administrator 11.6 (full or part time workers Professional 7.7 only) Para-professional 4.8 Trades person 26.7 Clerk 8.0 Sales person 17.5 Plant or machine operator 5.5 Labourer or related worker 17.7 Other 0.5 Previous Occupation Manager or administrator 0.8 before migration to Professional 0.4 Australia Para-professional 1.1 n = 684 Trades person 12.2 Clerk 0.4 Sales person 1.7 Plant or machine operator 2.5 Labourer or related worker 21.9 Other 0.3 Too young to work 36.0 Unemployed 1.6 Home Duties 8.6 Retired 0.1 Student 12.3 Australian Citizen Yes 77.3 n = 684 No 22.7 Permanent Resident Yes 97.4 n = 155 No 1.6 (not an Australian Citizen) Don t know 1.0 Total

46 Demographic characteristics Chart 2.9 Demographic profile of people born in Italy - usual occupation, previous occupation, Australian citizenship and permanent residence status USUAL OCCUPATION Manager or Administrator Professional Para-professional Trades person Clerk Sales person Plant or machine operator Labourer or related worker Other PREVIOUS OCCUPATION Manager or Administrator Professional Para-professional Trades person Clerk Sales person Plant or machine operator Labourer or related worker Other Too young to work Unemployed Home Duties Retired Student AUSTRALIAN CITIZEN Yes No PERMANENT RESIDENT Yes No Don t know Percentage 45

47 Demographic characteristics Table 2.10 and Chart 2.10 show how well English is spoken, first language spoken at home, second language spoken at home, Mother s country of birth and Father s country of birth, for people born in Italy. Table 2.10: Demographic profile of people born in Italy - how well English is spoken, first language spoken at home, second language spoken at home, Mother s country of birth and Father s country of birth Variable Response Categories % of Respondents n = 684 How well English is Very well 46.6 Spoken Well 32.0 Not well 19.5 Not at all 1.9 First language spoken English 55.7 at home Italian 44.1 Yugoslavian 0.1 Slovenian 0.1 Second language None 17.8 spoken at home Italian 43.0 English 38.1 German 0.5 Croatian 0.4 Khmer (Cambodian) 0.1 Slovenian 0.1 Mother s country of Italy 97.1 birth Austria 1.3 Croatia 0.3 Australia 0.3 Brazil 0.3 United States 0.2 Slovenia 0.1 Switzerland 0.1 Argentina 0.1 Father s country of Italy 97.6 birth Austria 1.0 Croatia 0.4 Slovenia 0.3 UK/Ireland 0.3 Australia 0.1 Czech Republic 0.1 Macedonia 0.1 Former Yugoslavia 0.1 Total

48 Demographic characteristics Chart 2.10 Demographic profile of people born in Italy - how well English is spoken, first language spoken at home, second language spoken at home, Mother's country of birth, Father's country of birth HOW WELL ENGLISH IS SPOKEN Very well Well Not well Not at all FIRST LANGUAGE English Italian Slovenian Yugoslavian SECOND LANGUAGE Italian English None German Croatian Slovenian Khmer (Cambodian) MOTHER'S COB Italy Austria Brazil Australia Croatia United States Argentina Switzerland Slovenia FATHER'S COB Italy Austria Croatia UK/Ireland Slovenia Former Yugoslavia Macedonia Czech Republic Australia Percentage 47

49 Demographic characteristics 2.3 DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF PEOPLE BORN IN GREECE Table 2.11 and Chart 2.11 show the age and sex composition, household living arrangements, and marital status of people born in Greece. Table 2.11: Demographic profile of people born in Greece - gender, age, household size, number of bedrooms and marital status Variable Response Categories % of Respondents n = 359 Gender Males 51.6 Females 48.4 Age groups (years) yrs yrs yrs yrs yrs yrs yrs 3.3 Household size 1 adult 9.5 (18 years and over) 2 adults adults adults or more 12.3 Number of Bedrooms One 0.4 Two 12.6 Three 58.0 Four or more 14.3 Unknown 14.8 Marital Status Single 8.9 Married or Defacto 80.9 Separated or Divorced 5.4 Widowed 4.9 Total

50 Demographic characteristics Chart 2.11 Demographic profile of people born in Greece - gender, age, household size, number of bedrooms and marital status GENDER Male Female AGE yrs yrs yrs yrs yrs yrs 75+ yrs HOUSEHOLD SIZE 1 adult 2 adults 3 adults 4 adults or more NUMBER OF BEDROOMS One Two Three Four or more Not stated MARITAL STATUS Single Married or Defacto Separated or Divorced Widowed Percentage 49

51 Demographic characteristics Table 2.12 and Chart 2.12 show the variables that describe area of residence, annual household income level, highest educational level obtained, work status and pension status for people born in Greece. The respondents whose work status was unemployed, home duties, retired, student or other were also asked if they receive a pension or benefit from the department of social security. The other category of work status generally relates to people on disability pensions, WorkCover, or sickness benefits. Table 2.12: Demographic profile of people born in Greece - area of residence, annual household income, highest educational level obtained, work status, and pension status Variable Response Categories % of Respondents n = 359 Area Metropolitan 89.5 Country 10.5 Income Less than $12000 per annum 9.8 $12001-$20000 per annum 31.1 $20001-$30000 per annum 13.3 $30001-$40000 per annum 7.4 $40001-$50000 per annum 7.9 $50001-$60000 per annum 4.5 $60001-$80000 per annum 4.3 More than $80001 per annum 4.1 Don t know 14.5 Highest Education Still at school 0.2 Level Obtained Left school before aged 15 years 51.3 Left school after 15 years of age 21.1 Left school after age 15 but still studying 0.7 Trade/Apprenticeship 10.8 Certificate/Diploma of 1 year or less 3.9 Certificate/Diploma of more than 1 year 6.2 Degree or higher 5.9 Work Status Full time employed 28.4 Part time employed 14.7 Unemployed 14.6 Home Duties 10.6 Retired 25.0 Student 1.5 Other 5.2 % of people born in Greece who do not work full or part time n = 205 Receive a Pension Yes 77.1 No 22.4 Don t know 0.5 Total