giorgi bejitasvili qartuli samxedro-politikuri emigracia evropasi ( w.w.)

Transcription

1 iakob gogebasvilis saxelobis Telavis saxelmwifo universiteti xelnaweris uflebit giorgi bejitasvili qartuli samxedro-politikuri emigracia evropasi ( w.w.) _ saqartvelos istoria istoriis doqtoris akademiuri xarisxis mosapoveblad warmodgenili disertaciis m a c n e Telavi _ 2012

2 nasromi Sesrulebulia iakob gogebasvilis saxelobis Telavis saxelmwifo universitetis humanitarul mecnierebata fakultetis saqartvelos istoriis katedraze. samecniero xelmzrvaneli: elguja mamukelasvili istoriis mecnierebata doqtori, profesori. Semfaseblebi: elver kupataze istoriis mecnierebata doqtori, profesori. mamuka gogitize istoriis mecnierebata doqtori, profesori. disertaciis dacva Sedgeba 2012 wlis 23 Tebervals 12 saa- Tze. iakob gogebasvilis saxelobis Telavis saxelmwifo universitetis humanitarul mecnierebata fakultetis sadisertacio sabwos sxdomaze. misamarti _ 2200, q. Telavi, qartuli universitetis q. #1. disertaciis gacnoba SeiZleba iakob gogebasvilis saxelobis Telavis saxelmwifo universitetis bibliotekasi. sadisertacio macne universitetis veb-gverdze gantavsda 2012 wlis 23 Tebervals. sadisertacio sabwos swavluli mdivani filologiis doqtori, profesori n. kowlosvili sadisertacio nasromis zogadi daxasiateba problemis aqtualoba. gasuli XX-saukunis pirvelma atwle ulma ukiduresad dazaba kacobriobis ganvitarebis saertasoriso istoriuli vitareba. gasuli saukunis pirveli naxevari mzime movlenebit aisaxa saqartvelos sazogadoebriv-politikur cxovrebaze. saqartvelo moeqca masindeli samyaros udidesi da Zlieri saxelmwifoebis germaniis, inglisis, rusetis, osmaletis (TurqeTi) samxedro-politikuri interesebis garemosi. TiToeul matgans, TiToeul saxelmwifos, Tavisi miznebi da miswrafebebi amozravebda. es qveynebi Tavisi masindeli xelisuflebis meoxebit cdilobdnen diplomatiuri, politikuri Tu askara samxedro ZalebiT, gabatonebuliyvnen evropasi, axlo armosavletsa da kavkasiasi. mattvis xelsayreli iyo saqartvelos geopolitikuri da samxedro-strategiuli mdebareobis gamoyeneba. ase armocnda saqartvelo saertasoriso urtiertobebsi, mimdinare movlenebsi sxvadasxva formit Cabmuli. am urtier- TobaTa Seswavla, movlenebis mecnieruli analizi da Sesabamisi daskvnebis Camoyalibeba warmoadgens istoriuli mecnierebistvis urtules, sawiro, aqtualur problemas. problemis sirtulidan gamomdinareobs misi Seswavlis aqtualoba. migvacnia, rom XX-saukunis iani wlebi saqartvelostvis iyo uarresad dazabuli, tragizmit gamorceuli, sasinao da sagareo politikur-ekonomikuri Tu samxedro urtiertobis dargsi. aseti aqtualuri problemis, calkeuli sakitxebis, ganvi- Tarebuli istoriuli movlenebis kvleva, mati mecnieruli analizi Tanamedrove vitarebasi, ert-erti da ara ertader- Ti aqtualuri problemaa. aseti aqtualuri problemis mecnierul analizsa da misi gamocdilebis gamoyenebas udidesi mnisvneloba aqvs Tanamedrove qartuli saxelmwifos mseneblobistvis. sakvlevi problema exeba XX-saukunis 20_50-iani wlebis saqartvelos da mis mezobel saxelmwifoebsi ganvitarebuli istoriuli procesebis Seswavlas. SevecadeT gagverkvia, evropis didi qveynebis politikuri xelisuflebis damokidebuleba saqartvelosi Seqmnil vitarebastan dakavsirebit, gansakutrebuli aqtualobit gamoirceoda saqartvelos, rusetis, safrangetis, germaniis msoflmxedvelobrivi ideologiuri 3

3 gansxvavebuloba rac kidev ufro aqtualurs xdis sakvlev problemas. sadisertacio nasromis problema: sakvlev problemaze dakvirvebam, misma samecniero aqtualobam, ganapiroba CvenTvis metad saintereso sadisertacio nasromis problema _ saqartvelos pirveli damoukidebeli respublikis sasinao da sagareo politikuri kursis gansazrvra-sefaseba. sadisertacio nasromis problema ganekutvneba pirveli msoflio omis ( ) wlebis Semdgom saqartvelosi da mis mezoblad ganvitarebuli istoriuli procesebis Seswavlas. saqartvelosi damyarda demokratiuli respublikistvis damaxasiatebeli mmartveloba (1918 wlis 26 maisi saqartvelos damoukideblobis gamocxadebis dre). vfiqrobt, saqartvelos xelisuflebasi armocnda arc Tu Zlieri politikuri nebis adamianta jgufi, rasac Sedegad mohyva SemdgomSi qveynistvis rtuli da mtkivneuli movlenebi, ramac garkveuli gavlena moaxdina qartul sazogadoebaze. vfiqrobt, sadisertacio nasromis problema ganekutvneba qartuli samxedro-politikuri emigraciis mzime cxovrebas evropis qveynebsi. gansakutrebit urtulesi armocnda emigrantta politikuri urtiertobis mowesrigeba dasavletsi Camoyalibebul da gavrcelebul fasistur ideologiastan. es iyo urtulesi gza saqartvelos gantavisuflebisatvis brzolasi, sruliad gansxvavebuli axali istoriuli vitareba qveynistvis. kvlevis problema exmianeba Tanamedrove saqartvelos socialur-politikur da ekonomikur mdgomareobas, rasic gansakutrebuli adgili ukavia XXI-saukunis 10-iani wlebis qveynis SigniT mimdinare reformebs da saertasoriso arenaze qveynebtan sruliad axal urtiertobebs. yovelive es emyareba mdidari istoriuli gamocdilebis praqtikul gamoyenebas, rac izleva safuzvels saqartvelos socialuri vitarebis momavali gaumjobesebisatvis. migvacnia, sadisertacio nasromis problema ara marto sainteresoa samecniero kvleva-ziebisatvis, aramed is uarresad aqtualur istoriul problemata ricxvs ganekutvneba. aseti aqtualuri problema qartuli istoriuli mecnierebistvis gamorceuli dakvirvebis safuzvels warmoadgens, is didi SemecnebiTi Rirebulebis amsaxvelia, ritac SeiZleba ganisazrvros saqartvelos mnisvneloba, gasuli XX-saukunis iani wlebis msoflio istoriul movlenebsi. sakvlevi problemis aqtualoba: sadisertacio sakvlevi problema aqtualuria imitac, rom mas gamorceuli adgili ukavia XX-saukunis iani wlebis zogadsakacobrio movlenebsi, qartulma emigraciam evropul samyarosi Tavisi damokidebuleba, uarresad aqtiurad gamoxata cxovrebis TiTqmis yvela dargsi, romelta kvleva qartuli istoriuli mecnierebis ZiriTad amocanas warmoadgens. Tanamedrove vi- TarebaSi qartuli istoriuli mecnieruli azri aqtiurad, didi interesit da dakvirvebit ikvlevs qartuli emigraciis ZiriTad sakitxebs, rac kidev ertxel adasturebs sadisertacio nasromis problemis aqtualobas. qartuli emigraciis saqmianobis istoria evropis qveynebsi aqtualuria ara mxolod sadreisod, aramed samomavlodac, matma bevrma STamomavalma Tavisi Rirseuli kvali datova niwierebita da gamocdilebit, rac safuzvels izleva gagr- Zeldes samomavlod aseti aqtualuri istoriuli problemis mecnieruli Seswavla. sadisertacio sakvlevi Tema: sakvlevi problemis aqtualobam gansazrvra Cveni daintereseba qartuli emigraciis istoriisadmi. problemis ZiriTad sakitxebze dakvirvebis Sedegad gamoikveta kvlevistvis sawiro mimartuleba _ saqartvelos pirveli damoukidebeli respublikis sasinao da sagareo politikuri kursis gansazrvra-sefaseba qartuli politikuri emigraciis mizezebi da mati gansaxleba evropis qveynebsi, mati politikuri da praqtikuli saqmianoba, mati msoflmxedveloba da sazogadoebrivi gaertianebebi, mati socialuri done da samecniero-kulturuli vitareba, mati adgili da roli evropis qveynebis cxovrebasi. aseti sakitxebis Seswavlis aucileblobam gansazrvra Cveni sadisertacio sakvlevi Tema: _ qartuli samxedro-politikuri emigracia evropasi. ( w.w.). vfiqrobt, qartul istoriografiasi aseti saxit, kerzod samxedro-politikuri emigraciis saxit, evropis qveynebsi wasuli emigrantebis cxovreba-saqmianobis Seswavla, calke sakvlevi Temis saxit, sruliad samartlianad emyareba Tanamedrove pirobebsi istoriuli mecnierebis winase wamowril axal amocanebs. sakvlevi Temis aqtualoba: sadisertacio nasromis problemis aqtualobam ganapiroba Cveni daintereseba sakvlevi 4 5

4 Temis: _ qartuli samxedro-politikuri emigracia evropasi, ( w.w.)~. SerCeva da Seswavla. vfiqrobt, Cvens mier sadisertacio sakvlev Temad SerCeuli masala uarresad aqtualuria Tanamedrove saqartvelos saxelmwifoebriobistvis, aseti istoriuli gamocdilebis gaziareba-gamoyeneba, mnisvnelovania Zlieri politikuri xelisuflebisa da qveynis SeiaraRebuli Zalebis Semdgomi srulyofistvis. sadisertacio saklevi Temis mecnieruli siaxle: nasromis mecnierul siaxles warmoadgens is, rom qartuli samxedropolitikuri emigraciis evropis qveynebsi warmoebuli saqmianobis istoria sruliad pirvelad aris kompleqsurad Seswavlili da gaanalizebuli qartul istoriografiasi. sadisertacio Temis kvlevisas davrwmundit, rom calke unda Segveswavla polonetsi qartuli samxedro emigraciis generlebis, oficrebis, iunkrebis Tavgadasavlebi, sabrzolo saqmianobis istoria. siaxlea isic, rom kompleqsurad Seiswavleba evropis qveynebsi qartuli emigrantebis mier Seqmnili sazogadoebrivi organizaciebis, mati komitetebis msoflmxedveloba, miznebi, calkeul politikur warmomadgenelta saqmianoba. axlad Semogvaqvs qronologia w.w. siaxlea isic, rom sruliad damoukideblad SeviswavleT antisabwota emigrantuli gamocemebis Sinaarsi da mnisvneloba. siaxlea isic, rom ZiriTadad gavaanalizet saqartvelos xelisuflebis, misi kontrdazvervis masalebi emigrantebis saqmianobis Sesaxeb. kvlevis mizani: sadisertacio nasromis kvlevis ZiriTad mizans warmoadgens XX-saukunis iani wlebis saqartvelos sasinao da sagareo politikuri, socialur-ekonomikuri problemebis Seswavla. gansakutrebuli yuradreba davutmet XX-saukunis 20-iani wlebis saqartvelos mzime mdgomareobis gaanalizebas, rom Camoyalibda pirveli qartuli demokratiuli respublika, rasac safuzveli daudo 1918 wlis 26 maisis RonisZiebam da ramac gansazrvra sruliad axali midgoma qveynis momavali ganvitarebistvis: umnisvnelovanesi istoriuli movlena gaxda _ demokratiuli konstituciis mireba; am konstitucias arsebobis mcire periodi hqonda wlis 25 Tebervals man moqmedeba Sewyvita. aset vitarebasi aucilebeli iyo saqartvelos demokratiuli respublikis saertasoriso urtiertobebis mowesrigeba; azerbaijantan, somxettan, rusettan, germaniastan, safrangettan, inglistan, osmalettan. Cvens mizans Seadgens saarqivo masalebis safuzvelze da arsebuli gamocemis kritikuli analizis mixedvit, ganvixilot XX-saukunis 20-iani wlebidan dawyebuli urtulesi periodi saqartvelos istoriasi. migvacnia, rom Tanamedrove pirobebsi Zneli da aucilebelia saqartvelos istoriis XX-saukunis iani wlebis movlenebis mizanmimartuli, mecnieruli analizi, gansakutrebit evropis qveynebsi qartuli samxedro-politikuri emigraciis saqmianobis SefasebisTvis. miznad davisaxet qartuli samxedro-politikuri emigraciis problemis miukerzoebeli kvleva, adre ariarebuli Sexedulebebis, koncefciebis, SemoTavazebuli Rirebulebebis axleburi gaazreba Tanamedrove motxovnebis gatvaliswinebit. amastanave, Cvens mizans Seadgenda, problemis ZiriTadi sakitxebis ganmazogadebeli monacemebi Camogveyalibebina calke monografiuli gamokvlevis saxit: miznad davisaxet isic, rom sanimusod, ufro vrclad gangvexila, gasuli saukunis 40-iani wlebis saertasoriso, zogadsakacobrio movlenebsi qartuli samxedro-politikuri emigraciis adgili da mnisvneloba. sadisertacio nasromis istoriografia da wyarotmcodneobiti baza: XX-saukunis iani wlebis saqartvelos socialur-ekonomikuri da sazogadoebriv-kulturuli vitarebis, saertasoriso urtiertobebis, qartuli samxedro-politikuri emigraciis adgilisa da rolis, saertod am rtuli wlebis moraluri simzimis arsi metnaklebi sisrulit aris warmodgenili qartul Tu ucxour samecniero literaturasi, monografiebsi, calkeul gamokvlevebsi, periodul gamocemebsi, statiebsi, am epoqis sakavsiro da respublikur Jurnal-gazeTebSi, es yovelive qmnis problemis istoriografiul sivrces, rasac mivuzrvenit nasromis meore Tavi. Cveni sakvlevi nasromis calkeuli sakitxebi ganxilulia sxvadasxva kutxit saqartvelosi gamocemul monografieb- Si, mogonebebsi: s. janasias da n. berzenisvilis redaqciit gamocemul wignsi _ saqartvelos istoria (1980); saqartvelos istoria, t. II. (1962); m. natmelazis statia emigrantu- 6 7

5 li literaturis Sesaxeb fartod aris warmodgenili, XIX-s meore naxevrisa da XX-saukunis 20-iani wlebis movlenebis msvleloba. gansakutrebuli mnisvnelobisaa: g. sulazis nasromi qartuli antisabwota emigracia da specsamsaxurebi (2010); a. surgulazisa da p. surgulazis wigni _ saqartvelos istoria, sakitxavi wigni : n. javaxisvilis _ qartveli mxedrebi polonetis drosis qves (1998); e. kupataze qartuli erovnuli diviziebi did samamulo omsi. Tb v. benizis _ saqartvelos social-politikuri mdgomareoba da saxelmwifoebiriobisatvis brzola w.w. _ Tb (cvlilebebi emigrantuli mtavrobisa da politpartiebis brzolis taqtikasi); S. murusizis _ qartuli emigraciis erovnul-ganmatavisuflebeli mozraobis kvlevis problemebi ; c. CxartiSvili polonetsaqartvelos urtiertobis zogierti sakitxebi (axali da uaxlesi istoriis sakitxebi, 2008); m. qebaze _ poloneti qartvelebis meore samsoblo, el. mamukelasvili _ Cvenebi (2009): misive _ qartuli samxedro emigracia evropasi, _ el. mamukelasvili _ qartveli emigrantebi vermaxtis samsaxursi. r. karazini _ qartveli oficrebi polonetis jarsi (1965 w. cnobebi XVI-XVII saukuneebis istoriisatvis ): SeviswavleT qartul periodul gamocemebsi gamoqveynebuli masalebi; umetesad gaz. komunistidan _ gamofxizlebis xmebi Jordania-ramiSvilis banakidan ; parizsi myof qartvel musa men- Sevikebis deklaracia ; aseve gamoviyenet arsebuli cnobebi germaniasi, berlinsi, Camoyalibebuli fasisturi organizaciebis saqmianobaze, mat monawileobaze meore msoflio omsi, kavkasiis frontze mimdinare saomar operaciebsi (1942/1943 w.w.); gavaanalizet antisabwota emigrantuli gamocemebis Sinaarsi ( Tavisuflebis tribuna, gusagi, TeTri giorgi, samxedro furceli, momavali, axali saqartvelo, kavkasioni, sam- SoblosaTvis ). aseve, g. SaraZe ucxoetis cis qves, tb w. merani ; saqartvelos demokratiuli respublikis samartlebrivi aqtebis krebuli #1990; t. cxovrebaze, qartuli politikuri emigracia da saqartvelos damoukideblobis sakitxi w. Tb gamoviyenet qartuli generalitetis saqmianobis amsaxveli mdidari masala m. gogitizis rusulenovani gamocemidan _ Военная элита Кавказа (Генералы и адмиралы из Грузии). Тб mimovixilet Jurnal axali polonetis specialuri nomeri qartul enaze gamocemuli 2001 wels, a. vojniakis werilit, qartuli emigraciis sazogadoebebi da organizaciebi polonetsi. aseve parizsi, wlebsi arsebuli patriotuli organizaciis _ saqartvelos fasisturi darazmuloba _ masalebi. gamoviyenet l. berias moxsenebebis Sinaarsi da Sefasebebi qartuli emigraciis politikuri komitetebis samxedro saqmianobis Taobaze, aseve sabwota sagareo dazvervis monacemebi _ qartuli nacionaluri komitetis sainiciativo jgufisa da mis saqmianobaze, mat urtiertobaze 1944 wels hitleris iniciativit Seqmnil e.w. _ rusetis erebis gan- Tavisuflebis komitettan. masalebi qartuli emigrantuli legionebis Seqmnis saidumlo gankargulebis motxovnebze. istoriuli movlenebis SefasebisTvis gansakutrebuli mnisvneloba hqonda emigranti generlebis mogonebebs _ g. kvinitaze Cemi mogonebebi, t. I-II, Tb., 1999; S. marlakelize _ qartvelebi germaniis drosis qves. gamoviyenet saqartvelos centraluri saxelmwifo istoriuli arqivi, harvardis koleqcia kol. 75, yuti 4, saqar. 3. saqme 7; f. 2514; f. 259; ЦАМО СССР. 224; ф.74456; ф. 202; ф. 48-A; ф. 209; ф. 69; ф. 1089; ф. 351; ф. 242; ф. 414; ф. 406; ф. 34. mnisvnelovani masalebi gamoviyenet saqartvelos Sinagan saqmeta saministros sainformacio-analitikuri departamentis saarqivo sammartvelos fondebidan: f. 6; saqme , saarq , yuti 36, saqme 25494, saarqivo 29474, t. 2, yuti 71; saqme , saarq , yuti 28, saqme 1334, saarqivo 3304, t. 2, yuti 2, saqme _ 21323, 2212, 23135, 22385, 24214, 29474, sadisertacio nasromis metodologiuri baza: Cveni nasromis msoflmxedvelobriv-metodologiur safuzvels warmoadgens XX-saukunis urtulesi istoriuli movlenebis obieqturi Seswavla, gageba, faqtebisa da procesebisadmi Tanamedrove saxelmwifoebrivi midgoma, rac srulad uzrunvelyofs gasuli saukunis gabatonebuli ideologiis SefasebaTa gadasinjvas, kritikul analizs da istoriul SefasebaTa axlebur gaazrebas. sakvlevi nasromis metodad gamoviyenet kritikul-analitikuri metodi, mizez-sedegobriobis sayoveltao kavsiris istorizmis principebi, analizisa da sintezis metodi, 8 9

6 sistemuri Tanamimdevruli kvlevis metodi da matze dayrdnobit ki istorizmisa da logikurobis aucilebeli dacvis principi. nasromis praqtikuli mnisvneloba: sadisertacio nasromis praqtikuli mnisvneloba mdgomareobs SemdegSi: a) sakvlevi problemisa da Temis irgvliv samecniero literaturasi SemoTavazebuli daskvnebi gamoyenebuli iqneba momaval kvlevebsi; b) Cveni koncefciebi aucileblad yuradsarebia uaxlesi drois istoriuli movlenebis Seswavlis processi; g) misi gamoyeneba SeuZliaT saqartvelos istoriit dainteresebult; d) Cveni kvlevis processi mokvleuli obieqturi masala didad Seuwyobs xels saqartvelos uaxlesi istoriis problemaze momusave mklevarebs; e) gansakutrebuli praqtikuli Rirebulebisaa warsuli istoriuli gamocdilebis gamoyeneba Tanamedrove pirobebsi qveynebis, saxelmwifoebis, xalxta Semdgomi srulyofili Tanadgomisa da urtiertobistvis. sakvlevi Temis qronologiuri CarCo _ moicavs XX-saukunis iani wlebis movlenebis mimdinareobas msofliosi da mastan ertad saqartvelosi. migvacnia, XX-saukunis iani wlebis saqartvelos cxovrebasi momxdari tragikuli movlenebi, didad aris ganpirobebuli evropis qveynebsa da rusetsi arsebuli rtuli samxedro-politikuri vitarebit. es periodi saqartvelo-rusetis urtiertobis urtulesi periodia, mis gaanalizeba-seswavlas garkveuli qronologiuri Tanmimdevroba swirdeba. saertod uaxlesi drois istoriasi da kerzod qartul istoriografiasi pirvelad SemovitaneT sruliad axali qronologiuri gaangariseba, romelic obieqturad emyareba procesebis msvlelobas da samartlianad imsaxurebs ariarebas. nasromis aprobacia: sadisertacio nasromistvis gatvaliswinebuli sakvlevi problemisa da Temis ZiriTadi sakitxebis Seswavla-gaanalizebis Sedegebi, daskvnebi, koncefciebi, rekomendaciebi, sistematurad ganixileboda samecniero sesiebze, konferenciebze, katedrata gaertianebul sxdomebze. kvlevis Sedegebi ganixileboda ZiriTadad Telavis saxelmwifo universitetis profesor-maswavlebelta, doqtorantta, magistrantta da bakalavrta gaertianebul Teoriul konferenciebze. wardgenil moxsenebata Sinaarsi, statiebis saxit, gamoicemoda calke Sromebad. sadisertacio nasromis ZiriTadi Teoriuli ganzogadebebi drodadro qveyndeboda saqartvelos, somxetis, azerbaijanis samecniero ariarebul gamocemebsi, JurnalebSi. mat Soris baqosa da erevnis saxelmwifo universitetebis gamocemebsi. nasromis moculoba da struqtura: sadisertacio nasromi Sedgeba Sesavalis, xuti Tavisa da daskvnebisgan. nasromis moculoba 192 gverdia, dartuli aqvs gamoyenebuli saerto literaturisa da saarqivo masalebis nusxa. kvlevis ZiriTadi sakitxebi gaanalizebulia calke Tavebis SinaarsSi, dartuli aqvs daskvnebi Tavebis bolos, 13 paragrafsi gadmocemulia dakvirvebis Sedegebi. sadisertacio nasromis ZiriTadi Sinaarsi: nasromis Sesaval nawilsi gadmocemulia sakvlevi problemis istoriuli Rirebuleba, misi aqtualoba, mecnieruli siaxle, gansaz- Rvrulia kvlevis ZiriTadi mizani, ganzogadoebulia kvlevis metodologia, principebi, gatvaliswinebulia Tanamedrove metodologiuri safuzvlebi, mimoxilulia problemis istoriografiuli da wyarotmcodneobiti baza, Camoyalibebulia mecnieruli siaxle, mirebuli daskvnebi da koncefciebi. Tavi I. qartuli samxedro-politikuri emigraciis ( ) mizezebi.1 saqartvelos demokratiuli respublikis sasinao vi- Tareba. rusetsi 1917 wlis Tebervlis revoluciis Semdgom TviTmpyrobeluri rejimis damxobam, imperiis SemadgenlobaSi moqceul ara rus xalxs erovnuli Tavisuflebis imedi da miswrafebebi gauzliera. polonetsi, finetsi, ukrainasi amoqmeddnen progresulad moazrovne Zalebi da damoukidebeli saxelmwifoebrivi mowyobis sakitxi daayenes. asetive damokidebuleba gamoikveta saqartvelosic. es Zalebi iziarebdnen im azrs, rom ZiriTad amocanas, im droisatvis, warmoadgenda ara erovnuli TviTgamorkveva, aramed revoluciis monapovarta SenarCuneba rusetsi, rac SesaZlebeli iyo mteli qveynis revoluciur ZalTa mtlianobit. cxadia, aseti midgoma sruliadac ar gamoxatavda xalxta interesebs, rac male dadasturda 1917 wlis 25 oqtombers droebiti mtavrobis damxobit. jer kidev 1917 wlis Tebervlis revoluciis Semdeg gaaqtiurda TviTgamorkvevisken miswrafeba mravalerovan am

7 ierkavkasiasi. am droisatvis momwifebuli iyo saqartvelos erovnuli sabwos Seqmnis sakitxi. amave wlis 19 noembers saxazino TeatrSi Seikriba qartuli sazogadoebis didi nawili, 324 delegati. Sekreba gaxsna akaki Cxenkelma. man xazi gausva erovnul-saxelmwifoebriobisken miswrafebas. aq erovnuli sabwos Seqmna iyo umnisvnelovanesi mimartuleba saqartvelos damoukideblobis Semzadebis gzaze. Zalian male, saqartvelos erovnul sabwos gaweuli hqonda praqtikuli samzadisi saqartvelos saxelmwifo damoukideblobis gamocxadebistvis wlis 26 maiss, amierkavkasiis seimis daslis dresve, gaimarta mtavrobis sxdoma, romelic gaxsna noe Jordaniam. man Tavis sityvasi arnisna: _ qartveli eris drevandeli mdgomareoba aucileblad moitxovs, rom saqartvelom sakutari saxelmwifoebrivi organizacia Seqmnas, misi sasualebit garese Zalis mier dapyrobis Tavi gadaircinos da damoukidebeli ganvitarebis mtkice safuzveli aagos 1. sabwom miiro da gamoaqveyna erovnuli yrilobis deklaracia. saqartvelos damoukideblobis deklaracias xeli moawera asze metma adamianma, romelic ucvlelad daamtkica damfuznebelma krebam 1919 wels, Tebervlis TveSi. ase Camoyalibda pirveli qartuli demokratiuli respublika, rasac safuzveli daudo 1918 wlis 26 maisis RonisZiebam. 2. saqartvelos demokratiuli respublikis sagareo urtiertobebi pirveli msoflio omis Sedegad saertasoriso vitareba uarresad rtuli da dazabuli iyo. jer kidev natlad ar iyo gansazrvruli saxelmwifota ganvitarebis momavali, saqartvelos CrdiloeTiT mzvinvarebda samoqalaqo omi, romelsac saqartvelos saxelmwifoebriobis SenarCunebisTvis udidesi mnisvneloba hqonda. sawiro iyo mkvetrad gamokvetili sagareo politikuri kursis Camoyalibeba da misi praqtikuli ganxorcieleba, rac uarresad didi istoriuli mnisvnelobis movlena iyo. saqartvelos demokratiuli respublikis sagareo politikuri kursi zogadad aseti saxit warmodgeba: a) saqartvelos parlamentma da mtavrobam, qveynis sagareo politikis safuzvlad, sruli neitraliteti gamoacxades; b) ert-ert ZiriTad amocanas warmoadgenda urtiertobis mogvareba mezobel qveynebtan (azerbaijantan da somxettan). rtuli iyo sazrvrebis mowesrigebis sakitxis mogvareba. g) saqartvelos 1918 wels orientacia arebuli hqonda germaniaze, romelic irwmuneboda, aucileblad icnobda saqartvelos damoukideblobas da daexmareboda, magram es imedebi gacruvda. d) 1918 wlis noembersi, germaniasi revoluciam daamxo kaizeruli rejimi. gauqmda brest-litovskis xelsekruleba. istoriis sarbielze gamocndnen inglisi da TurqeTi, mat Tavisi interesebi hqondat amierkavkasiasi. e) male amierkavkasia inglisis gavlenis qves moeqca, baqosa da batumsi inglisis armiis nawilebi Sevidnen. v) saqartvelos sagareo politika, qveynis bedi, ZiriTadad inglis-safrangetze damokidebuli gaxda. z) saqartvelos xelisuflebisatvis saswrafod mosagvarebeli gaxda konfliqti somxettan. somxetis SeiaraRebulma razmebma Tavisi mtavrobis mititebit daikaves sanaianis da alaverdis teritoria. es iyo somxetis mtavrobis ukanono moqmedeba. T) saqartvelos xelisuflebistvis mosagvarebeli gaxda: wlis 12 ianvars batumsi Sevida ingliselta jari. amierkavkasiis inglisurma warmomadgenlobam batumi Tavis sakutrebad gamoacxada; 2. CrdiloeTiT denikinis gavlenis qves iyo yubanis e.w. respublika, is saqartvelos esazrvreboda sowis raionit. denikini ar cnobda saqartvelos damoukideblobas, mas rusetis ganuyofel nawilad miicnevda; 3. rtuli vitareba Seiqmna saqartvelos samxretsi, mas sami dampyrobeli gamoucnda _ TurqeTi, ruseti (denikinis sardloba), inglisis warmomadgenloba. i) saqartvelos xelisuflebas unda gamoeyenebina yvelanairi diplomatiuri SesaZlebloba, rom arekveta TurqeTis, denikinisa da mis zurgs amofarebuli inglisis, kavkasiis mxedrobis sardlobis dapyrobiti gegmebi. k) saqartvelos demokratiuli respublikis xelisuflebis sazrunavs, sagareo urtiertobasi, warmoadgenda misi cnoba ucxo qveynebisa da saxelmwifoebis mier. es ki unda gadawyvetiliyo parizis sazavo konferenciaze. saqartvelos delegaciam (n. CxeiZe, i. wereteli, z. avalisvili) konferencias warudgina memorandumi, ritac moitxovda mokavsireta sab- Wosagan damoukideblobis oficialur ariarebas, magram es mcdeloba warumatebeli armocnda. l) saqartvelos sagareo vitareba kidev ufro gartulda 12 13

8 1920 wlis damdegidan. denikinis armia gandevnes kavkasiidan da aprilis bolos witeli armiis nawilebi baqosi Sevidnen. azerbaijansi damyarda sabwota xelisufleba. es ki nisani iyo saqartvelostvisac. m) aset vitarebasi saqartvelos mtavrobas saimedod moecvena rusettan samsvidobo da samokavsireo xelsekrulebis dadeba wlis 7 maiss, ruset-saqartvelos Soris daido xelsekruleba, ritac rusetma scno saqartvelos saxelmwifos damoukidebloba da Tavisufleba, magram aseti vitareba male Seicvala wlis 25 Tebervals witeli armiis nawilebi TbilisSi Sevidnen. n) saqartvelos demokratiulma mtavrobam imave dreebsi gadawyvita saswrafod wasuliyo emigraciasi wlis 18 marts, mtavrobam damfuznebeli krebis erti nawilis TanxlebiT datova saqartvelo da evropasi, parizsi gaemgzavra. 3. evropasi qartuli samxedro emigraciis mizezebi: XX-saukunis 20-iani wlebi urtulesi periodi iyo saqartvelostvis, demokratiuli saqartvelos mtavrobis damxobis Semdeg qveyanasi mteli Zalaufleba saqartvelos sabwota respublikis _ revoluciuri komitetebis xelsi gadavida. saqartvelos revkomi (revoluciuri komiteti, Camoyalibda rusetis komunisturi partiis (bolsevikebis) kavkasiis biuros mier 1921 wlis 16 Tebervals. mis SemadgenlobaSi iyvnen: filipe maxaraze, mamia oraxelasvili, Salva eliava, aleqsandre gegewkori, a. nazaretiani, besarion kvirkvelia. es organo ganuxrelad anxorcielebda rusetis, kremlis interesebs. iqmnebodnen aseve sagubernio saqalaqo da samazro revkomebi, romlebic qartvel xalxs mouwodebdnen morcilebisken. revkomebis Zalaufleba ukandaxevas ufro warmoadgenda mmartvelobis sistemasi, rasac qartveli xalxi ver Seegua. saqartvelos demokratiuli respublikis mtavroba konstantinepolis gavlit 1921 wlis aprilsi parizsi Cavida, CasvlisTanave Seudgnen saqmianobas, rata daxmarebistvis ganewyot evropis qveynebis xelisufalni inglissi, safrangetsi, italiasi da sxv. aprilsive daegzavnat memorandumi, sadac arwerili iyo sabwota rusetis mier saqartvelos mimart dadebuli xelsekrulebis faqtebi. evropis did saxelmwifota mtavrobebis wevrebtan oficialur SexvedrebSi, qartvelebi moitxovdnen, rom es mtavrobebi Careuliyvnen ruset-saqartvelos urtiertobebsi, rata rusets gaeyvana Tavisi jarebi saqartvelos teritoriidan, magram es mcdeloba arc Tu warmatebuli iyo. Tavi II. evropasi qartuli samxedro-politikuri emigraciis istoriografiuli mimoxilva qartul istoriografiasi saqartvelos demokratiuli respublikis politikuri xelisuflebis emigracias evropasi, ZiriTadad safrangetsi, ara erti politikosi da mecnieri Sexebia. Cveni yuradreba gansakutrebit miipyro uaxloes periodsi g. sulazis mier gamocemulma nasromma: _ qartuli antisabwota emigracia da specsamsaxurebi. g. sulazis sakmaod vrceli gamokvleva emyareba mdidar saarqivo pirvelwyaroebs, romlebic dremde ucnobi iyo far- To sazogadoebistvis. nasromsi TiTqmis sruliad zedmiwevnit aris gadmocemuli qartvel politikur warmomadgenel- Ta biografia, individualuri Tvisebebi, mati urtiertoba ertmanettan da evropuli samyaros gamocenil politikursaxelmwifo morvaweebtan. evropis qveynebis xelisuflebastan qartvel politikosta damokidebuleba gansakutrebit gazlierda XX-saukunis 30-iani wlebis Sua periodidan 50- iani wlebis dasasrulamde: safrangettan, germaniastan, inglistan, italiastan. es damokidebuleba gamoikveta am qveynebsi da masindel evropasi mimdinare istoriul procesebtan usualo monawileobasi, rasac mat sakutari erovnuli interesebis Sesruleba karnaxobda. migvacnia, qartul politikur emigraciastan mwidrod iyo dakavsirebuli qartuli samxedro emigraciis ZiriTadi Semadgenloba polonetsa da safrangetsi. qartuli emigrantuli generalitetis, oficrebisa da iunkerebis moqmedebebi didad iyo ganpirobebuli evropis saxelmwifota samxedro Zlierebis mxardaweraze. qartul istoriografiasi gansakutrebuli mecnieruli mnisvnelobis gamokvlevas warmoadgens prof. niko javaxisvilis nasromi _ qartveli mxedrebi polonetis drosis qves. Tb w. sadac vrclad da sarwmuno wyaroebis kritikuli analizis safuzvelze sirrmiseulad aris warmodgenili polonet-saqartvelos samxedro urtiertobis amsaxveli masala. amave problemis calkeul sakitxebs ganixilaven qartveli istorikos-mkvlevarebli: zedgenize g. qartveli diplomati bogdan gurjicki (Jurnal mnatobi, #12, 1965); benize v. saqartvelos social-politikuri mdgomareoba da 14 15

9 saxelmwifoebriobisatvis brzola w.w. _ Tb (cvlilebebi emigrantuli mtavrobisa da politpartiebis brzolis taqtikasi); maisuraze S. _ qartuli emigraciis erovnul-ganmatavisuflebeli mozraobis kvlevis problemebi : CxartiSvili c. polonet-saqartvelos urtiertobis zogierti sakitxebi (wignsi axali da uaxlesi istoriis sakitxebi, Tb. 2008) da sxv. gansxvavebuli damokidebuleba saqartvelos XX-saukunis 20-iani wlebis movlenebisadmi igrznoba 1991 wels iv. javaxisvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis, saqartvelos axalgazrda istorikosta asociaciis mxriv, a. surgulazisa da p. surgulazis avtorobit gamocemul wignsi _ saqartvelos istoria, sakitxavi wigni is asaxavs Cveni qveynis warsuls bolo-ori saukunis manzilze. wignsi, avtorta TqmiT, obieqturad, adrindeli stereotipebis sapirispirod ganxilulia is faqtebi da movlenebi, romlebic gansazrvravdnen saqartvelos social-ekonomikur da politikur-kulturul ganvitarebas me-19 da me-20 saukuneebsi. axla gabedulad mimdinareobs istoriul mecnierebasi Zveli stereotipebis msxvreva; TiToeuli xalxis istoriuli warsulis Sefaseba, obieqturad, zneobriv principebze dayrdnobit xdeba. magram avtorebi Zalian mcire adgils utmoben qartuli emigraciis sakitxebs. meore paragrafsi ert-ert pirvel sakitxad aris saqartvelos emigrantuli mtavroba da evropa. massi arnisnulia, rom saqartvelos mtavrobis warmomadgenlebi konstantinepolis gavlit Cavidnen parizsi _ n. Jordania, e. gegewkori, k. CxeiZe, a. Cxenkeli, i. wereteli da sxvebi. evropis did saxelmwifota mtavrobebis wevrebtan oficialur Sexvedreb- Si moitxovdnen, rom es mtavrobebi Careuliyvnen saqartvelos saqmeebsi da izulebuli gaexadat sabwota ruseti, gaeyvana jarebi saqartvelos teritoriidan. cxadia aseti damokidebuleba da Sefaseba qartuli emigraciisadmi sakmarisi ar aris, is dabejitebit kvlevas sawiroebs. III. TavSi ganxilulia _ qartuli samxedro-politikuri emigraciis urtiertoba evropis qveynebtan. 1. qartuli antisabwota emigrantuli gamocemebi qartuli politikuri emigraciis ZiriTadi warmomadgenloba evropasi umetesad safrangetsi gantavsda. emigrantta miswrafeba ucvleli rceboda, es iyo miukerzoebeli swrafva Tavisi samsoblos, saqartvelos uketesi momavlistvis, brzolis yvela sasualebit. qartvel emigrantta miznis ganxorcielebistvis, udidesi mnisvneloba hqonda mati gegmebis, miswrafebebis, ideebis gavrcelebas ara marto evropasi wasultatvis, aramed mtlianad qartuli emigrantuli sazogadoebisatvis wlidan gamoicemoda sxvadasxva dasaxelebis JurnalgazeTebi: Tavisuflebis tribuna _ (1978) gusagi _ (1994). TeTri giorgi, samxedro furceli, momavali, axali saqartvelo, kavkasioni, samsoblosatvis. TiToeul matgans TavisTavadi istoria da danisnuleba hqonda. XX-saukunis 20-ian wlebsi (1924 wlis 24 oqtombers) safrangetsi, parizsi dafuznda qartvelta patriotuli axalgazrduli organizacia TeTri giorgi, general leo kereselizis winamzrolobit. am organizaciam daiwyo Tavisi gazetis TeTri giorgis gamocema. misi pirveli nomeri gamovida parizsi 1926 wlis 25 agvistos. gazet TeTri giorgis 1930 wlis agvistodan (#31), 1934 wlis ianvar-tebervlamde (#72-73), redaqtorobda mixako wereteli, xolo nomrebs xels awerda saredaqcio kolegia, 1935 wlis aprilidan (#86) ki gazets viqtor nozaze Caudga satavesi. male is CamoaSores gazetis xelmzrvanelobas da daubrunes leo kereselizes. misi TanamSromlebi iyvnen: kal. salia, mix. wereteli, sim. berejiani, s. cicisvili, v. cicqisvili, l. kereselize, S. soxaze, b. giorgaze, ir. otxmezuri, a. ximsiasvili, gen al. eristavi (redaqtorobda damatebas samxedro furceli ) koki dadiani, vl. emuxvari, dim. WiabriSvili d. kldiasvili, S. amirejibi, g. jayeli, r. gabasvili, g. mxeize da sxv. gazet TeTri giorgis paralelurad, 1934 wlidan parizsi gamosvla daiwyo amave organizaciis (qartuli patriotuli organizacia) meore gazetma _ momaval -ma. romelsac xelmz- Rvanelobda al. manvelasvili. SemorCenilia am gazetis mxolod sami nomeri: 1934 w., agvisto, #4; 1933 w. aprili, #8; 1938w., # wlis noembersi grigol vesapelis redaqtorobit, parizsi daibewda gazet axali saqartvelos pirveli nomeri. es iyo orkvireuli gamocema. is sabwota mxareze idga, qartvel emigrantta samsoblosi dabrunebis ideas qadagebda

10 is ori wlis ganmavlobasi parizsa da berlinsi gamodioda. spiridon kediam parizsi daarsa qartulenovani Jurnali _ samsoblosatvis. es gamocema ara erovnul-demokratiuli partiis, aramed zogadad _ erovnul politikur organod iwodeboda, is spiridon kedias redaqtorobit gamodioda TveSi ertxel, 1925 wlis maisidan. gazetis pirveli nomeri saqartvelosic Semovida farulad. safrangetsi, parizsi, gamodioda Jurnali kavkasioni, romelsic qveyndeboda mdidari da saintereso werilebi qartvel mxatvarta Semoqmedebaze, mat azrovnebaze (d. kakabaze, elene axvlediani, mixeil bilanisvili). qartuli istoriografiistvis mnisvnelovania is, rom Te- Tri giorgis berlinis organizaciasac hqonia Tavisi saku- Tari organo _ TeTri giorgi (berlinis gamocema), rac im ucilobel sinamdviles gvidasturebs, rom germaniasic sakmaod mravlad iyo qartvel emigrantta Semadgenloba. metad sainteresoa isic, rom TeTri giorgis organizaciis arseboba dasturdeba XX-saukunis 50-ian wlebsi parizsi ian wlebsi parizsi k. salias redaqtorobit qartul enaze gamovida Jurnali bedi qartlisa. JurnalSi ZiriTadad patriotuli Sinaarsis werilebi, qronikaluri masalebi qveyndeboda. aseve TeTri giorgis sulier Tanamdgomad SeiZleba mivicniot germaniasi, qalaq miunxensi gaioz marlakelizis iniciativit 1954 wlis 26 ianvars daarsebuli qartvel mxedarta darazmuloba ucxoetsi. mesame Tavis meore paragrafsi gadmovecit emigrantuli politikuri komitetebis Seqmnis pirobebi, partiata damokidebuleba, komitetebis wevrta Semadgenloba, politikuri komitetebis miznebi, msoflmxedveloba, mati urtiertdamokidebuleba evropis qveynebsi arsebul rusul da kavkasiur komitetebtan. jer kidev 1924 wels q. stambolsi Seiqmna _ kavkasiis ganmatavisuflebeli komiteti, xeli moaweres: mixako weretelma, davit vacnazem, aleqsandre asatianma; azerbaijaneltagan _ xosro sultanzadem, abdula ali emir-janma, Seix islam-zadem; CrdiloeT kavkasieltagan _ gasan gireim, jabagim (CeCeni), alixan kantemirma (osi), haitek natomovma (Cerqezi) wels uari ganacxades somxebma. arsebobda organizacia kavkasia, romelsic Sedioda generali g. kvinikaze. es organizacia cdilobda dakavsireboda rusetis emigrantul antisabwota organizacias Русский обще воинский союз (rusuli saerto samxedro kavsiri). qartvel emigrantebs hqondat e.w. qartuli erovnuli centri ; antisabwota yaidis emigrantuli organizacia qartlosi, arsebobda saqartvelos gantavisuflebis komiteti ; 1941 wlis bolostvis q. berlinsi dafuznda qartuli nacionaluri komitetis sainiciativo jgufi. am komitets satavesi Caudga organizacia TeTri giorgis ert-erti damaarsebeli _ mixako wereteli. Semdeg am organizaciis bazaze (1943 w. 25 oqtombers), Seiqmna axali mravalmxrivi funqciit arwurvili organizacia _ qartuli sakavsiro (samokavsireo) Stabi. misi samxedro Stabi Caibara g. gablianma; ertian kavkasiur komitets ki satavesi Caudga caitcleri: parizsi Camoyalibda politikuri gaertianeba ertoba, xelmzrvanelebi gaxdnen mix. kedia da evg. gegewkori; germanelta TvalSi ndobit sargeblobda organizacia TeTri giorgi, fasisturi yaidis organizacia; mis xelmzrvanel organos warmoadgenda e.w. direqtoria : arsebobda qartvel emigrantta biuro. misi danisnuleba iyo _ brzola sabwota kavsiris winaarmdeg; Seqmnili iyo antisabwota organizaciebi: rusuli komiteti, rusetis erebis gantavisuflebis komiteti. mesame Tavis mesame paragrafsi gasuqebulia qartuli emigrantuli legionebis Seqmnis istoriuli pirobebi: Cveni Ziri- Tadi informacia efuzneba 1948 wlis saarqivo dokumentebs: 1. saqartvelos nacionaluri legionis formireba germanelebma daiwyes 1942 w. gazafxulze q. varsavis axlos, vesolasa da zelonkasi. (aq Tavmoyrili iyvnen qartveli tyveebi). 2. meore batalioni Camoyalibda vesolasi wels ficis dadebis Semdeg, gaemgzavra CrdiloeT kavkasiasi, krasnodaris raionsi; 3. mesame ataskacianma batalionma (#21/198) Camoyalibeba daiwyo 1942 wlis seqtembersi. poltavis olqis q. xenkovosi: 4. meotxe batalioni Camoyalibda poltavis olqis q. gadiacsi; e batalioni moqmedebda q. Serburgis (safrangeti) raionsi e batalioni 1943 wlis dasawyissi daisala e batalionis metauri iyo leitenanti SalikaSvili (granvilsi); 18 19

11 e ganlagebuli iyo morbigiasi: metauri iyo baqraze; e batalioni moqmedebda klermon-feranis raionsi; 10. batalioni (#11/193) 1944 wels imyofeboda CrdiloeT italiasi. 11. ert-erti batalioni 1944 wlis zafxulsi dislocirebuli iyo q. atensi; 12. specialuri danisnulebis batalioni bergman -i ( mtis kaci ) Seiqmna 1942w. 13. bergmanis _ I aseuls metaurobda S. oqropirize; 14. bergmanis II aseuls xelmzrvanelobda bekmurad lianoki; 15. bergmanis III aseuls qesom alesqerovi; 16. bergmanis IV aseuls cucqirize; 17. bergmanis aseuls sarqis gaxverdiani. yvela isini sab- WoTa armiis yofili mosamsaxureebi iyvnen. male bergmans SeuerTes sadazvervo-diversiuli danayofebi Tamar-I, Tamar-II. bergmani 1942 wlis agvistosi Cavida piatigorsksi da Cairicxa germaniis 44-e saarmio korpusis SemadgenlobaSi, ibrzoda mozdokis raionsi, sabwota jarebis winaarmdeg. 18. qartvelta monawileobit Camoyalibda germanuli danayofi _ brandenburgis divizia _ 1942 wels. Sedgeboda 3 ZiriTadi batalionisgan. dremde natlad ar aris Camoyalibebuli sazogadoebrivi azri germanuli drosis qves mebrzoli _ batalionebis, Tu danayofebis, qartvel jariskacta raodenobaze, oficerta Semadgenlobaze da SemdgomSi mati bedis Sesaxeb. sadisertacio nasromis IV TavSi ganxilulia qartvel emigrantta erovnul-ganmatavisuflebeli msoflmxedveloba. es nawili warmodgenilia sami paragrafit. pirvel paragrafsi TeTri giorgi da qartuli erovnuli mozraoba _ ganxilulia parizsi 1924 wels daarsebuli mozraoba qartuli patriotulobis mier gamocemul `momaval- Si,~ sadac Seadgines debuleba 10 mcnebis saxit: saqartvelo aris eri; saqartvelo aris saxelmwifo, qartvelebisgan Semdgari; momavali uaryofs politikur partiebs; momavali ecdeba daamkvidros istoriuli tradiciebi; ganamtkicos ersi suliereba, momavali dgas yovelive partiis garese; momavals ganzraxuli aqvs erovnuli interesebis dacva; saqartvelo religiaa momavlisatvis ; momavali aris Tavisufali, uwmindesi Seficva, utyuari patriotizmit arwurvili da saqartvelo samlocvelo didebaa mistvis. meore paragrafsi, sadac ganxilulia saqartvelos mtavroba emigraciasi ( ) _ mivutitebt, rom saqartvelos demokratiuli respublikis mtavrobam wlebsi metnaklebad gadawra qveynis sasinao problemebi, sagareo urtier- Tobis sakitxi _ damoukideblobis saertasoriso ariarebis TvalsazrisiT mistvis Zneli armocnda. amave dros rtuli gamodga rusuli faqtoris gadalaxva wlis 25 Tebervali gaxda saqartvelos damoukidebeli saxelmwifos dacemis dre. ramac ganapiroba qveynidan mtavrobis wasvla emigraciasi, evropasi, ZiriTadad safrangetsa da polonetsi. mesame paragrafi ezrvneba qartuli emigraciis SemoqmedebiT gzas, gaanalizebulia sp. kedias, grigol vesapelis, n. Jordanias saqmianoba politikur-samecniero dargsi wels g. vesapelis redaqtorobit daibewda gaz. axali saqartvelos pirveli nomeri: sp. kediam parizsi qartulenovani Jurnali daaarsa, romelsac erqva samsoblosatvis. gansakutrebit mravalmxrivi iyo k. saliasa da n. salias publicisturi, literaturuli da samecniero SemoqmedebiTi morvaweobis asparezi. nasromis mexute TavSi _ qartuli samxedro emigracia evropasi da kavkasiisatvis brzola w.w. _ ganixileba XX-saukunis urtules saomar operaciebsi qartveli generlebis, oficrebis, iunkrebis, jariskacebis monawileobis sakitxebi. pirvel paragrafsi ganxilulia masalebi wlebis saqartvelos generalitetis Sesaxeb, gadmocemulia saarqivo fondebis ZiriTadi sabutebi. generlebis, maralcinosani oficrebis raodenobisa da morvaweobis Sesaxeb. daaxloebit 50-generali emsaxureboda masindel saqartvelos. qartul politikur emigracias evropasi gahyva samxedro emigraciis warmomadgenloba. es iyo qartuli emigraciis meore Sto, romelic polonetsi Cavida. es iyo istoriuli movlena saqartvelos XX-saukunis cxovrebasi. qartvel samxedrota ZiriTadi birtvi polonetis xelisuflebis mxardaweras eloda. meore paragrafsi mivutitebt, rom polonetsi qartvel samxedro emigrantta ricxvi iunkrebis CaTvliT 300-mde arwevda. pirvel wlebsi, polonetis armiasi qartvel emigrant

12 Tagan aravin yofila sakontraqto xelsekrulebit miwveuli, mxolod Semdeg, meore msoflio omis wlebsi, moxerxda mati dasaqmeba. mesame paragrafsi _ fasizmi evropasi da qartuli samxedro emigrantebi, gamaxvilebulia yuradreba XX-saukunis 40-iani wlebis movlenebsi qartveli samxedro emigrantebis monawileobis sakitxebze. dreistvis, 2011 wlis oqtombrisatvis, saqartvelos samecniero wreebsi, saubroben qartvel samxedro emigrantta damsaxurebaze _ ertni mat gmirebad miicneven; meoreni _ ganmatavisufleblebad; mesameni _ barikadebis iqit mdgom qartvelebad; meotxeni _ gabneulebad; Cven vfiqrobt _ yvela isini qartvelebi iyvnen da saqartvelostvis Tavisi metodebit irwvodnen. meotxe paragrafsi _ kavkasiistvis brzola ( ) da samxedro emigrantebi ganxilulia fasisturi germaniis dapyrobiti gegma kavkasiasi _ edelvaisi, misi miznebi, saomari operaciebi da Sedegebi. Seqmnili iyo 7-batalioni qartvelta mier: 1 _ S. marlakelizis saxelobis; II. g. saakazis, III d. armaseneblis, IV _ Tamar mefis, V _ mefe erekles, VI _ S. rustaveli, VII _ i. WavWavaZis saxelobisa; fasizmis ideologiisa da fasisturi jarebis damarcxebam saertod da kerzod kavkasiasi, gansazrvra qartuli samxedro emigraciis bedi. mat Tavisi istoria Seqmnes. es saqartvelos istoriaa. saerto daskvnebi 1. qartuli samxedro-politikuri emigraciis evropis qveyneb- Si gasvlis ert-erti mizezi gaxda saqartvelos pirveli respublikis xelisuflebis sasinao politikuri, ekonomikuri da socialuri mdgomareobis mouwesrigebloba. 2. gansakutrebuli ZiriTadi mizezi gaxda _ 1921 wlisatvis, rusetis sagareo politikisadmi damokidebuleba. witeli jaris XI armiis saomari operacia saqartvelosi da 1924 wlis iunkrebis ajanyeba rusuli rejimis winaarmdeg. 3. qartuli emigracia ucxoetsi, evropasi ori mimartulebit Camoyalibda: 1. politikuri (samtavrobo) emigracia; 2. samxedro (generaliteti da iunkrebi) emigrantuli Sto. 4. qartuli politikuri (samtavrobo) emigraciis warmomadgenloba gantavsda safrangetsi, parizsa da mis maxloblad, sadac agrzelebda saqartvelos gantavisuflebisatvis saqmianobas. Tavisi ideologiis ZiriTad mimartulebad Camoyalibebuli hqonda evropis qveynebis daxmarebis imedi da praqtikuli mxardaweris mirwevisatvis iyenebda didi qveynebis mtavrobebtan mwidro diplomatiur urtiertobas. 5. qartuli samxedro (generaliteti da iunkrebi) emigrantuli Sto ganlagda ZiriTadad polonetsi. qartvel samxedrota umravlesoba wlebis ganmavlobasi ar iyo polonetis xelisuflebis mier. mxolod XX-saukunis 30- iani wlebidan daiwyo mati sakontraqto-saxelsekrulebo saqmianoba, samxedro specialobis mixedvit, rasac xeli Seuwyo polonetis xelisuflebasi mosulma marsalma pilsudskim. 6. politikuri ideologiis safuzvelze qartuli samxedro emigrantuli Stos bevri warmomadgeneli Cadga evropasi, axlad gamocenili fasisturi rejimis samsaxursi da aqtiuri monawileoba miiro meore msoflio omis, did samamulo omsi, kavkasiistvis warmoebuli brzolebis dros ( w.w.). 7. saqartvelos demokratiuli respublikis mtavrobisa da xelisuflebis mier ver mowesrigda qveynis saertasoriso mdgomareoba, rogorc axlo mezoblebtan, ise evropis qveynebsi. 8. sagareo urtiertobis dargsi, mezobel azerbaijantan da somxettan, rtuli iyo sazrvrebis teritoriuli mowesrigebis sakitxis mogvareba wlistvis saqartvelos Tavisi orientacia arebuli hqonda germaniaze da eloda misgan mxardaweras. es imedebi gacruvda. 10. istoriis sarbielze gamocndnen inglisi da TurqeTi Tavisi interesebit, kavkasiis qveynebisa da kerzod saqartvelos mimart. 11. male amierkavkasia inglisis gavlenasi moeqca. baqosa da batumsi inglisis armiis nawilebi Sevidnen. saqartvelos sagareo politika, qveynis bedi ZiriTadad inglissafrangetze damokidebuli gaxda. 12. saqartvelos xelisuflebas unda moegvarebina diplomatiuri gzit TurqeTis, denikinisa da mis zurgs amofarebuli inglisis _ kavkasiis mxedrobis dapyrobiti gegmebi. 13. saqartvelos demokratiuli respublikis xelisuflebis 22 23

13 mcdeloba, mierwia evropis qveynebis mier ariarebas, warumatebeli armocnda. 14. sruli marcxi ganicada emigrantuli politikuri xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebisa da samxedro emigrantuli Stos mier wamowyebulma mozraobam, fasisturi germaniis SeiaraRebul Zalebze dayrdnobit, massi askara saomari monawileobit, saqartvelos gantavisuflebis mcdarma msoflmxedvelobrivma warmodgenebma. 15. XX-saukunis 40-iani wlebis evropasi Seqmnilma mkacrma vi- Tarebam ganmsazrvreli uaryofiti roli Seasrula qartuli samxedro-politikuri emigraciis Semdgom bedze. 16. qartuli samxedro-politikuri emigraciis warmomadgenlebis ZiriTadi Semadgenloba verar erirsa samsoblosi, saqartvelosi dabrunebas. 17. qartuli samxedro emigraciis Semadgenlobidan warmomdgari, didi wodebis _ general kolonkelis matarebeli gaxda, amerikis SeiaraReul ZalebSi, marali Tanamdebobis pirovneba _ jon (malxaz) SalikaSvili. 18. qartuli samxedro-politikuri emigraciis saqmianobis Sesaxeb, misi istoriuli misiis Sefasebisas gvxvdeba mosazreba _ miuxedavad imisa, rom isini ibrzodnen sab- WoTa saqartvelos winaarmdeg, idgnen brzolis barikadebis meore mxares, mat Tavisi rwmena hqondat da isini mainc qartvelebi iyvnen. vfiqrobt, aseti Sefaseba garkveul winaarmdegobas Seicavs, pirvel rigsi imitom, rom sruliad miurebeli da mcdari armocnda ucxo SeiaraRebul Zalebze dayrdnobit sakutari qveynis e.w. gantavisuflebis emigrantuli idea; meore is, rom masindelma fasisturma propagandam garkveuli zemoqmedeba moaxdina da mcdari warmodgena Camouyaliba emigrant qartvelobas. Caayena isini Tavis samsaxursi; mesame is, rom emigrantebi evropis qveynebsi gamudmebit cdilobdnen sakutari sicocxlis gadarcenaze da iyenebdnen yvela SesaZleblobas amistvis. yovelive es aizulebda mat, iararit xelsi, Camdgariyvnen fasizmis samsaxursi. 19. qartuli samxedro-politikuri emigraciis ideologiuri msoflmxedveloba, mcdeloba SeZlebisdarad gamoeyenebina evropis didi qveynebis Tanadgoma, marcxit dasrulda. iseve, rogorc fasisturi ideologia da saomari moqmedebebi. 20. qartuli-samxedro politikuri emigracia evropasi TiTqmis 50 wlis ganmavlobasi agrzelebda morvaweobas. mxolod XX saukunis 50-ian wlebsi, rodesac qartuli politikuri cxovrebidan wavida ori pirovneba, noe Jordania, romelic gardaicvala parizsi (1953) da ioseb stalini _ moskovsi, amave wels, TiTqos amit dasrulda mravalwliani dapirispireba. disertaciis ZiriTadi debulebebi gamoqveynebulia avtoris mier Semdeg publikaciebsi: 1. polonetsi qartuli samxedro emigraciis istoriis zogierti aspeqti. i. javaxisvilis saxelobis istoriis da etnologiis instituti, kreb. axali da uaxlesi istoriis sakitxebi, #1 (7), Tb., gamomc. universali, qartuli samxedro emigraciis istoriisatvis polonet- Si. _ profesor-maswavlebelta, doqtorantta da magistrantta gaertianebuli konferenciis masalebi. #1. Tb. gamomc. universali, qartveli maralcinosani oficrebi emigranciasi. _ profesor-maswavlebelta, doqtorantta da magistrantta gaertianebuli konferenciis masalebi, #1. Tb., gamomc. universali, saqartvelos borcalos mxaris, samxedro generlebi da gamocenili Svilebi. _ krebulsi istoria da misi problemebi _ q. baqos saxelmwifo universitetis gamomcemloba. baqo, somexi generlebi saqartvelodan. _ q. erevnis saxelmwifo universiteti _ istoria da xelovneba edelvaisis arsasruli~. prof. el. mamukelasviltan TanaavtorobiT, monografia. Tb. gamomc. sveti qartuli antisabwota emigrantuli gamocemebi. _ profeor-maswavlebelta, doqtorantta da magistrantta gaer- Tianebuli konferenciis masalebi. #2. Telavi qartuli samxedro politikuri emigracia evropasi. _ profesor-maswavlebelta, doqtorantta da magistrant- Ta gaertianebuli konferenciis masalebi, #2. Telavi,

14 IAKOB GOGEBASHVILI TELAVI STATE UNIVERSITY COPYRIGHT RESERVED Theses has been prepared at Chair of History of Georgia under Iakob Gogabshvili Telavi State University Faculty of Humanitarian Sciences GIORGI BEZHITASHVILI Research Leader Elguja Mamukelashvili Doctor of History, Professor GEORGIAN MILITARY-POLITICAL IMMIGRATION TO EUROPE ( ) History of Georgia HERALD Appraisers Elver Kupatadze Doctor of History, Professor Mamuka Gogitidze Doctor of History, Professor Defense of the Thesis will be held on February 23, 2012 at at Session of Thesis Defense Board under Iakob Gegabshvili Telavi State University Faculty of Humanitarian Sciences Location : N1 Georgian University Str., 2200, Telavi Thesis presented for aspiring Doctor s Academic Degree of History The Thesis personal review is free in the library of Iakob Gogabshvili Telavi State University The Thesis Herald will be placed on website on February 23, 2012 Scientific Secretary of thesis Defense Board Doctor of Philology, Professor N. Kochloshvili Telavi

15 GENERAL PERFORMANCE OF THESIS Relevance of the Problem: the first decade of the last century extremely strained historical situation of mankind development. The first half of the last century heavily affected Georgian public and political life with hard developments. Georgia was turned out to be in surrounding of military-political interests of the great and mighty states like Germany, England, Russia and Ottomans (Turkey). Each of above mentioned states are motivated by personal aims and aspirations. These states with support of their power were trying to dominate in Europe, Middle East and Caucasus with diplomatic, political and certain military forces. It was profitable for them to use Georgia s geopolitical and military strategic situation. Therefore, Georgia was engaged into current developments of international relationships with various forms. Study of such relationships, the scientific analysis of developments and setting up the corresponding statements represent intricate, necessary and urgent problem for history scientists. Urgency of study results from complication of the problem. We consider that years of XX century was extremely strained for Georgia, distinguished by tragic element in domestic and foreign either political-economic or military spheres. Study of such urgent problems, separate issues, developed historic events, their scientific analysis in modern situation is one and the foremost urgent problem. The scientific analysis of such urgent problem and application of its experience have the great importance for building of modern Georgian state. The problem to study concerns deliberation of historic processes unleashed in Georgia and its neighboring states in years of XX century. We made an attempt to elucidate the attitude of political powers of big states of Europe concerning situation created in Georgia those times. Distinctions in ideological viewpoints of Georgia, Russia, France, Germany were especially relevant and this makes the study problem more important. The Problem of the Thesis: scrutiny of the study problem, its scientific relevance justified the thesis task to be interesting for us definition evaluation of domestic and foreign political course of the first independent republic of Georgia. The thesis aims to study historic processes developed in Georgia and neighboring states after first World War ( ). The governance featuring democratic republic was established in Georgia. (May 26, 1918 is the date of announcement of independence of Georgia). We consider that the state power involved not so strong team of political will that entailed by intricate and painful developments for state of Georgia and affected Georgian society in certain way. We reckon that the essence of the thesis destines hard life of Georgian militarypolitical immigration in European states. Especially complicated turned to be arrangements of political relations of immigrants with fascist ideology created and spread in the west states. It was heavy way to struggle for freedom, completely differed new historic situation for the state. The research item refers social, political and economic situation of modern Georgia in which the special place occupies the current reforms of first decade of XXI century and new relations with international community. All these is supported by practical usage of rich historic experience making grounds for further improvement of social environment of Georgia. We consider that the thesis issue is interesting not only for scientific research but also belongs to urgent historic problems. Such urgent problem represents bases for distinguished insight. It reflects great cognitive evaluation, whereby significance of Georgia may be defined within the world developments of XX century in ies, Urgency of the Problem Case Study: the thesis study problem is relevant owing to the distinguished place it occupies in ies of XX-century developments. Georgian immigration in European world expressed its attitude towards any trends of life in rather active way. In modern environment Georgian scientific opinion studies main issues of Georgian immigration that justifies the urgency of the present thesis. History of activities of Georgian immigration in European states is urgent not only for present time but for future as well. Their successors left honorable traces of skills and experience that lays foundation for continuation of scientific study of this urgent historical problem. The Thesis Study Topic: urgency of the problem defined our interest towards history of Georgian immigration. As a result of consideration of main issues of the problem were revealed necessary trends for study - definition-evaluation of domestic and foreign political course of first independent Republic of Georgia, reasons for Georgian political immigration and their resettlement to Europe, their political and practical activities, their viewpoints and public communities, their social level and scientific cultural situation, their place and role within the states of Europe. Necessity to study such issues defines the topic of our thesis: Georgian Military-Political Immigration to Europe. ( ). We think that study of active life of immigrants fled to Europe in this way, in particular of military-political immigration, represented by separate topic in Georgian historiography is fairly based upon new tasks set before history science in modern conditions. Urgency of the Topic to Study: urgency of the problem mentioned in the 28 29